Honors Biology Final Exam Review Guide Spring 2011 Your exam will consist of approximately 150 scantron questions. These questions will cover concepts from our tests and lab practicals this semester. Studying for your exam: This is only a guide to the larger concepts. The following is a list of terms that should help you review the major concepts in each unit. These lists along with your target sheets and notes should make up the core of your review. Think about how you best study, making flash cards of each term may not be very helpful! Biology is about understanding big ideas and linking those ideas together. To do this you must first have a mastery of the vocabulary and process in each chapter! Important Reminders: -We covered many topics Covered this Semester, please be sure you have a good understanding of: Mitosis and Meiosis, Genetics, Cancer, Evolution and Deep Ancestry¸ Ecology, Pig Dissection -All chapter target sheets are posted online -All chapter notes are posted online -Things to help you review: o Targets Sheets: All chapter target sheets are posted on the Honors Biology Website o Class Notes: All chapter notes are posted on the Honors Biology Website o Outlines and Outline Quizzes o Optional: If you would like, you can check out your tests to help prepare for the final. Please sign these tests out with your teacher. -If you have any questions, please contact your instructor: laura.cohen@lz95.org chris.mcomber@lz95.org Chapter 9 Genetics Vocabulary, Concepts and Problems: Karyotype Genetics Cross Heredity Dihybrid Cross Traits Homozygous Alleles Incomplete Dominance Father of Genetics Genotype Filial Generation Phenotype Recessiveness Heterozygous Chapter 8 Cell Reproduction Cell Division Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Daughter Cell Meiosis Mother Cell Zygote Somatic Cell Chromatids Chromatin Chromosome Nucleoli Centromere Diploid # Haploid # Histone Homologous Chromosome Sex Chromosome Binary Fission Cytokinesis Mitotic Spindle Crossing Over Genetic Recombination Oogenesis tiffany.reagan@lz95.org Gamete Punnett Square Probability Dominance Heterozygous Pedigree Parental Generation Independent Assortment Polar Body Synapsis Tetrad Centromere Interphase Cleavage Furrow Cell Plate Spermatogenesis Be able to identify the phases and major events of each phase of Mitosis and Meiosis Know the difference between mitosis in an animal cell versus plant cell. Cancer Mini-Unit Cancer Mini-Unit Tumor Malignant Cancer Progeny Proliferation Oncogenes Proto-oncogenes Tumor Suppressor Genes X-Chromosome Inactivation Deep Ancestry: Understand all of the following concepts and vocabulary terms as they apply to the novel: DNA Indigenous populations Technology Languages Variations in populations Genetic markers Gel electrophoresis Margaret Kart Landsteiner Polymorphism Clans Farming Natural selection Genetic drift Neolithic revolution Gene frequencies Antigens Antibodies Climate change PCR cDNA migrations coastal journey fossil evidence Homo sapiens y-chromosome mtDNA gene chips brain size bipedalism African tribes Genographic project HGP Microsatellites Stuttering Chapter 10 (Replication, Transcription, Translation): nitrogen-containing base purine pyrimidine double helix base-pairing rules replication helicase DNA polymerase RNA polymerase Ribosomes Promoter Chromosomes (components) tRNA mRNA rRNA Coding/noncoding DNA Regulator complementary base pairing Explain the principle function and structure of DNA? Describe the function and structure of RNA (all types)? Summarize the main features of DNA replication? Where does the process start and end? Summarize the main features of RNA transcription? Where does the process start and end? Summarize the main features of proteins translation? Where does the process start and end? Know who was credited with the discovery of DNA and the double helix?