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Statutory Accounting Principles Working Group
Maintenance Agenda Submission Form
Form A
Issue: SSAP No. 97 – Nonadmitted Assets and Application of the SAP Guidance
Check (applicable entity):
P/C
Life
Health
Modification of existing SSAP
New Issue or SSAP
Description of Issue:
SSAP No. 97—Investments in Subsidiary, Controlled and Affiliated Entities, A Replacement of SSAP No.
88 provides the statutory accounting guidance for determining the measurement method and value for an
investment in an SCA. Questions have been received regarding the application of guidance, and the intent
of this agenda item is to consider those issues to improve consistency in statutory accounting.
Item 1: Nonadmitted Assets in Non-Insurance SCAs – Non-insurance SCAs can either be measured
under the “market valuation approach” (paragraph 8a) or under the equity methods described in
paragraphs 8bii or 8biii:
8bii – Entities under 8bii are non-insurance entities that engage in specific “insurance-related”
transactions that generate 20% or more of the SCA’s revenue. The investment recorded
for these entities is based on audited U.S. GAAP equity, with adjustments in accordance
with specific SSAPs. (These adjustments are detailed in paragraph 9 of SSAP No. 97.)
8biii – Entities under 8biii are non-insurance entities that do not qualify under 8bii. The
measurement recorded for these entities is based on audited U.S. GAAP equity.
With the current guidance in SSAP No. 97, assets that would not qualify as admitted assets under
statutory accounting principles, which are owned by a non-insurance entity valued under paragraphs 8a
or 8biii are effectively included as admitted assets when included in the reported investment of the SCA.
If the SCA was captured under 8bii, some assets would be nonadmitted with the statutory adjustments,
but the adjustments required under paragraph 9 would not eliminate all nonadmitted assets.
Item 1 Issue – Reporting entities can transfer nonadmitted assets into a non-insurance SCA,
thereby improving the surplus position of a reporting entity as follows:
A. By removing the nonadmitted asset, the reporting entity experiences a change (decrease) in
nonadmitted assets, and this change results with an increase in the reporting entity’s surplus.
B. By transferring the nonadmitted asset to an audited SCA, the reporting entity recognizes an
admitted asset from the investment in the SCA, resulting in a higher asset value for the
investment in SCA, which also increases the reporting entity’s surplus.
1. Should guidance be considered to restrict the amount of assets held in an SCA that would
not be admitted assets if held directly by the reporting entity?
2. Should guidance be considered to restrict or eliminate the extent to which nonadmitted
assets can be transferred to an SCA and included in the reported value of the SCA?
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Guidance currently exists in SSAP No. 25—Accounting for and Disclosures with Affiliates and Other
Related Parties (SSAP No. 25) paragraph 16d that specifies “Transactions which are designed to avoid
statutory accounting practices shall be reported as if the reporting entity continued to own the assets or to
be obligated for the liability directly instead of through a subsidiary.” However, with the specific
guidance in SSAP No. 97 for the GAAP equity or market valuation method based on the classification of
the SCA, it is not believed that this guidance is widely enforced with SCA transactions.
Item 2: Valuation of U.S. Insurance SCAs (8bi) – The guidance in paragraph 8bi of SSAP No. 97
requires that U.S. Insurance SCAs be recorded based on the underlying audited statutory equity of the
respective entity’s financial statements, adjusted for any amortized goodwill. Reporting entities are to
record their investment in the U.S. Insurance SCA on at least a quarterly basis, and shall base the
investment value on the most recent quarterly information available from the SCA.
Issue – The statutory equity reported by the SCA may be impacted by permitted or prescribed
practices, and this impact is not detailed when the reporting entity recognizes their investment in
the SCA.
There is a presumption that the statutory equity in the U.S. insurance SCA would be in compliance with
the statutory accounting principles detailed in the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual,
with the additional adjustment for unamortized goodwill. However, as 8bi entities that file statutory
financial statements, these U.S. insurance entities could have permitted or prescribed practices impacting
their statutory equity. As these permitted or prescribed practices are reflected in the SCA’s statutory
financial statements, by requiring the investment in the SCA to be calculated by the “audited statutory
equity of the SCA’s financial statements” the amount reported would include the impact of any SCA
permitted or prescribed practices. Additionally, there is no disclosure required by the reporting entity to
identify whether the reported statutory value reflects statutory value under the AP&P Manual, or whether
it includes permitted or prescribed practices.
Item 2 Discussion Options:
1. Should guidance be considered to require that the value reported for investments in U.S.
insurance SCAs reflect statutory value as calculated per the AP&P Manual, and not the
statutory value from the SCA’s financial statements, which would include deviations from
SAP through prescribed or permitted practices?
2. Should guidance be considered to require that the value reported for investments in U.S.
insurance SCAs be the calculated statutory value per the AP&P Manual, with allowances
for prescribed practices only, with disclosure required in the reporting entity’s financial
statements regarding the SCA’s prescribed deviations from SAP?
3. Should guidance be considered to allow the value reported for investments in U.S. insurance
SCAs to be the statutory value as reported on the SCA’s statutory financial statements
(current guidance) with disclosure required in the reporting entity’s financial statements
regarding the SCA’s prescribed and permitted practices that deviate from SAP?
The statutory statements of the SCA should have the detail for prescribed and permitted practices, so the
info needed for a disclosure by the reporting entity (parent) should be readily available.
Item 3: Valuation of Non-Insurance SCAs Engaging in Insurance Activities (8bii) and Foreign
Insurance Entities (8biv) – Non-insurance SCAs that meet the activity and revenue test of paragraph
8bii and foreign insurance SCAs captured within 8biv are to be reported based on the underlying U.S.
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GAAP equity (or foreign statutory basis) adjusted to a “statutory basis of accounting” in accordance with
the adjustments specifically included in paragraph 9.
Issue – The adjustments required in paragraph 9 detail specific changes required to determine the
value of the SCAs captured under paragraphs 8bii and 8biv. However, as these are only
adjustments for specific items within certain SSAPs, the adjustments do not result in a value that
reflects a “statutory basis of accounting” for the SCA. Furthermore, some of the adjustments do
not appear consistent with current statutory accounting guidance (e.g., adjustment for DTAs).
Item 3 Discussion Options:
1. Should the guidance be revised to clarify that the SCA entities captured within 8bii and
8biv be adjusted to a “full statutory accounting basis”? (With this option, it would be
proposed that the specific adjustments in SSAP No. 9 be removed, with an overall reference
to make adjustments to comply with the AP&P Manual.)
2. Should the guidance be revised to clarify that the SCA entities captured within 8bii and
8biv do not reflect a “statutory basis of accounting” but rather reflect a value determined
after applying limited adjustments per paragraph 9 to their underlying U.S. GAAP or
foreign statutory financial statements?
3. If option 2 is pursued, should the guidance in paragraph 9 be updated to reflect more SAP
adjustments, or be updated to reflect changes in SSAPs? For example, paragraph 9e
requires an adjustment to nonadmit the net DTA of the SCA in excess of 10% of the
audited US GAAP equity. This 10% threshold was included in SSAP No. 10, but this
guidance was superseded by SSAP No. 101, which has a more detailed admittance
calculation. Additionally, most SSAPs identify situations that can generate nonadmitted
assets (e.g., if criteria of the SSAP are not met). The adjustments required in paragraph 9a
only include five SSAPs. Should more SSAPs be added to this listing to ensure adjustments
for nonadmitted assets?
Since the guidance in paragraph 8bii and 8biv requires an “adjustment” to the underlying U.S. GAAP, if
an adjustment detailed in paragraph 9 is not made, it would be considered a deviation from statutory
accounting principles by the reporting entity (not the SCA) and would be required to be disclosed in Note
1 of the reporting entity’s financial statements.
Existing Authoritative Literature:
SSAP No. 97—Investments in Subsidiary, Controlled or Affiliated Entities (SSAP No. 97) provides the
statutory accounting guidance for SCA entities. This statement adopts/rejects a variety of GAAP
guidance, but only the following items are included as relevant to this particular agenda item:

SSAP No. 97 explicitly adopts the Purposes and Procedures Manual of the NAIC Investment
Analysis Office (paragraph 42)

SSAP No. 97 rejects APB Opinion 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in
Common Stock
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Relevant Excerpts from SSAP No. 97 (paragraphs 8 & 9):
Applying the Market Valuation, Audited Statutory Equity and Audited GAAP Equity Methods
8.
The admitted investments in SCA entities shall be valued using either the market
valuation approach (as described in paragraph 8.a.), or one of the equity methods (as
described in paragraph 8.b.).
a.
b.
In order to use the market valuation approach for SCA entities, the following
requirements apply:
i.
The subsidiary must be traded on one of the following major exchanges:
(1) the New York Stock Exchange, (2) the American Stock Exchange, (3)
the NASDAQ National exchange, or (4) the Tokyo Stock Exchange;
ii.
The reporting entity must submit subsidiary information to the Securities
Valuation Office (SVO) for its calculation of the subsidiary’s market
value. Such calculation could result in further discounts in market value
above the established base discounts based on ownership percentages
detailed below;
iii.
Ownership percentages for determining the discount rate shall be
measured at the holding company level;
iv.
If an investment in a SCA results in an ownership percentage between
10% and 50%, a base discount percentage between 0% and 20% on a
sliding scale basis is required;
v.
If an investment in a SCA results in an ownership percentage greater
than 50% up to and including 80%, a base discount percentage between
20% and 30% on a sliding scale basis is required;
vi.
If an investment in a SCA results in an ownership percentage greater
than 80% up to and including 85%, a minimum base discount percentage
of 30% is required.
vii.
Further, the SCA must have at least two million shares outstanding, with
a total market value of at least $50 million in the public’s control; and
viii.
Any ownership percentages exceeding 85% will result in the SCA being
recorded on an equity method.
If a SCA investment does not meet the requirements for the market valuation
approach in paragraph 8.a. or, if the requirements are met, but a reporting entity
elects not to use that approach, the reporting entity’s proportionate share of its
investments in SCAs shall be recorded as follows:
i.
Investments in U.S. insurance SCA entities shall be recorded based on
the underlying audited statutory equity of the respective entity’s financial
statements, adjusted for any unamortized goodwill as provided for in
SSAP No. 68—Business Combinations and Goodwill (SSAP No. 68).
Reporting entities shall record investments in U.S. insurance SCA
entities on at least a quarterly basis, and shall base the investment value
on the most recent quarterly information available from the SCA. Entities
may recognize their investment in U.S. insurance SCA entities based on
the unaudited statutory equity in the SCAs year-end Annual Statement if
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the annual SCA audited financial statements are not complete as of the
filing deadline. The recorded statutory equity shall be adjusted for audit
adjustments, if any, as soon as the annual audited financial statements
have been completed. Annual consolidated or combined audits are
allowed if completed in accordance with the Model Regulation Requiring
Annual Audited Financial Reports as adopted by the SCA’s domiciliary
state;
ii.
Investments in both U.S. and foreign noninsurance SCA entities that are
engaged in the following transactions or activities:
(a)
Collection of balances as described in SSAP No. 6—Uncollected
Premium Balances, Bills Receivable for Premiums, and Amounts
Due From Agents and Brokers
(b)
Sale/lease or rental of EDP Equipment and Software as
described in SSAP No. 16R—Electronic Data Processing
Equipment and Accounting for Software
(c)
Sale/lease or rental of furniture, fixtures, equipment or leasehold
improvements as described in SSAP No. 19—Furniture, Fixtures
and Equipment; Leasehold Improvements Paid by the Reporting
Entity as Lessee; Depreciation of Property and Amortization of
Leasehold Improvements
(d)
Loans to employees, agents, brokers, representatives of the
reporting entity or SCA as described in SSAP No. 20—
Nonadmitted Assets
(e)
Sale/lease or rental of automobiles, airplanes and other vehicles
as described in SSAP No. 20—Nonadmitted Assets
(f)
Providing insurance services on behalf of the reporting entity
including but not limited to accounting, actuarial, auditing, data
processing, underwriting, collection of premiums, payment of
claims and benefits, policyowner services
(g)
Acting as an insurance or administrative agent or an agent for a
government instrumentality performing an insurance function
(e.g. processing of state workers compensations plans,
managing assigned risk plans, Medicaid processing etc).
(h)
Purchase or securitization of acquisition costs
and if 20% or more of the SCA’s revenue is generated from the reporting
entity and its affiliates, then the underlying equity of the respective
entity’s audited U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
financial statements shall be adjusted to a statutory basis of accounting
in accordance with paragraph 9. For purposes of this section, revenue
means GAAP revenue reported in the audited U.S. GAAP financial
statements excluding realized and unrealized capital gains/losses.
Foreign SCA entities are defined as those entities incorporated or
otherwise legally formed under the laws of a foreign country. Paragraphs
21-26 provide guidance for investments in holding companies;
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c.
iii.
Investments in both U.S. and foreign noninsurance SCA entities that do
not qualify under paragraph 8.b.ii., shall be recorded based on the
audited U.S. GAAP equity of the investee. Foreign SCA entities are
defined as those entities incorporated or otherwise legally formed under
the laws of a foreign country. Additional guidance on investments in
downstream holding companies is included in paragraphs 21-26.
Additional guidance on the use of audited foreign GAAP basis financial
statements for the U.S. GAAP equity valuation amount is included in
paragraph 22.b.
iv.
Investments in foreign insurance SCA entities shall be recorded based
on the underlying U.S. GAAP equity from the audited U.S. GAAP basis
financial statements, if available, or the audited foreign statutory basis
financial statements of the respective entity adjusted to a statutory basis
of accounting in accordance with paragraph 9 and adjusted for reserves
of the foreign insurance SCA with respect to the business it assumes
directly and indirectly from a U.S. insurer using the statutory accounting
principles promulgated by the NAIC in the Accounting Practices and
Procedures Manual. The audited foreign statutory basis financial
statements must include an audited footnote that reconciles net income
and equity on the foreign statutory basis of accounting to the U.S. GAAP
basis. Foreign insurance SCA entities are defined as alien insurers
formed according to the legal requirements of a foreign country.
The following provides guidance regarding the audits for entities covered under
paragraph 8.b.:
i.
The recorded GAAP equity shall be adjusted for any audit adjustments
resulting from either the annual audited GAAP financial statements of the
respective entity or, if the entity is a member of a consolidated or
combined group of insurers, the annual audited GAAP financial
statements of the consolidated or combined group of companies, as
soon as determined. GAAP is defined as those pronouncements
included in the FASB codification.
ii.
Annual consolidated or combined audits are allowed for the valuation of
U.S. insurance entities if completed in accordance with the Model
Regulation Requiring Annual Audited Reports as adopted by the SCA’s
domiciliary state.
iii.
Consolidated or combined financial statements are allowed for the
valuation of downstream SCA entities, including downstream SCA
entities, that directly or indirectly own U.S. insurance entities, provided
that the statutory financial statements of such U.S. insurance entities are
audited. The audited financial statements of the downstream SCA
entities shall include, as other financial information, consolidating or
combining balance sheet schedule(s) showing the equity of all relevant
SCA entities, non SCA SSAP No. 48 entities, and any required
intercompany eliminations. The consolidating or combining balance
sheet of the downstream SCA entities shall then be adjusted for GAAP to
SAP differences of the insurance entities and paragraph 8.b.ii. and 8.b.iv.
entities owned directly and indirectly by the downstream SCA entities.
iv.
Investments in foreign SCA entities shall follow the guidance in
paragraphs 8.b.ii., 8.b.iii. and 8.b.iv. based upon the nature of the SCA
as described in the respective paragraphs. To fulfill the requirement for
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audited U.S. GAAP basis financial statements, the value of foreign SCA
investments may be based on the GAAP equity from audited financial
statements prepared on a foreign GAAP basis. The audited foreign
GAAP basis financial statements must include an audited footnote that
reconciles net income and equity on the foreign GAAP basis of
accounting to the U.S. GAAP basis. The statutory carrying value of
foreign insurance SCA entities (i.e., 8.b.iv. entities) and foreign
noninsurance 8.b.ii. SCA entities shall include the additional adjustments
as described in paragraph 9.
9.
The statutory basis of accounting for investments in noninsurance SCA entities, subject
to paragraph 8.b.ii. and foreign insurance SCA entities, subject to paragraph 8.b.iv., shall
be based on the underlying audited U.S. GAAP equity of the respective entity with the
following adjustments:
a.
Nonadmit assets pursuant to the following statutory accounting principles as
promulgated by the NAIC in the Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual;
i.
SSAP No. 6—Uncollected Premium Balances, Bills Receivable for
Premiums, and Amounts Due From Agents and Brokers
ii.
SSAP No. 16R—Electronic Data Processing Equipment and Accounting
for Software
iii.
SSAP No. 19—Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment; Leasehold
Improvements Paid by the Reporting Entity as Lessee; Depreciation of
Property and Amortization of Leasehold Improvements
iv.
SSAP No. 20—Nonadmitted Assets
v.
SSAP No. 29—Prepaid Expenses
b.
Expense costs that are capitalized in accordance with GAAP but are expensed
pursuant to statutory accounting as promulgated by the NAIC in the Accounting
Practices and Procedures Manual (e.g., deferred policy acquisition costs);
c.
Adjust depreciation for certain assets in accordance with the following statutory
accounting principles:
i.
SSAP No. 16R—Electronic Data Processing Equipment and Accounting
for Software
ii.
SSAP No. 19—Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment; Leasehold
Improvements Paid by the Reporting Entity as Lessee; Depreciation of
Property and Amortization of Leasehold Improvements
d.
Nonadmit the amount of goodwill of the SCA in excess of 10% of the audited
U.S. GAAP equity of the SCA’s last audited financial statements.
e.
Nonadmit amount of the net deferred tax assets (DTAs) of the SCA in excess of
10% of the audited U.S. GAAP equity of the SCA’s last audited financial
statements.
f.
Adjust the U.S. GAAP annuity account value reserves of a foreign insurance
SCA, with respect to the business it wrote directly, using the commissioners'
annuity reserve valuation method (CARVM) as defined in paragraphs 12 and 13
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of Appendix A-820 (including the reserving provisions in the various Actuarial
Guidelines which support CARVM). The valuation interest rate and mortality
tables to be used in applying CARVM should be that prescribed by the foreign
insurance SCA's country of domicile. If the Foreign SCA’s country of domicile
does not prescribe the necessary tables and/or rates, no reserve adjustment
shall be made.
Note that the outcome of these adjustments, as well as guarantees or commitments of the parent
entity to provide additional funding, can result in a negative equity valuation of the investment.
The section from the P&P Manual on the Valuation of SCAs is included in Exhibit A
Activity to Date (issues previously addressed by SAPWG, Emerging Accounting Issues WG, SEC,
FASB, other State Departments of Insurance or other NAIC groups): None
Information or issues (included in Description of Issue) not previously contemplated by the
SAPWG: None
Staff Recommendation:
It is staff’s recommendation that the Working Group initially move this to the substantive active
listing, with a request for comments from regulators and industry on the specific issues noted in the
discussion (and duplicated below). Depending on the responses received, the Working Group will
assess the extent of revisions necessary and may reconsider whether this is a substantive or
nonsubstantive issue.
Comments are Requested on the Following Issues and Discussion Items:
Item 1: Nonadmitted Assets in Non-Insurance SCAs
Reporting entities can transfer nonadmitted assets into a non-insurance SCA, thereby improving the
surplus position of a reporting entity.
1. Should guidance be considered to restrict the amount of assets held in an SCA that would not be
admitted assets if held directly by the reporting entity?
2. Should guidance be considered to restrict or eliminate the extent to which nonadmitted assets can
be transferred to an SCA and included in the reported value of the SCA?
Item 2: Valuation of U.S. Insurance SCAs (8bi)
The statutory equity reported by the insurance SCA may be impacted by permitted or prescribed
practices, and this impact is not detailed within the reporting entity’s (parent) financial statements.
1. Should guidance be considered to require that the value reported for investments in U.S.
insurance SCAs reflect statutory value as calculated per the AP&P Manual, and not the statutory
value from the SCA’s financial statements, which would include deviations from SAP through
prescribed or permitted practices?
2. Should guidance be considered to require that the value reported for investments in U.S.
insurance SCAs be the calculated statutory value per the AP&P Manual, with allowances for
prescribed practices only, with disclosure required in the reporting entity’s financial statements
regarding the SCA’s prescribed deviations from SAP?
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3. Should guidance be considered to allow the value reported for investments in U.S. insurance
SCAs to be the statutory value as reported on the SCA’s statutory financial statements (current
guidance) with disclosure required in the reporting entity’s financial statements regarding the
SCA’s prescribed and permitted practices that deviate from SAP?
Item 3: Valuation of Non-Insurance SCAs Engaging in Insurance Activities (8bii) and Foreign
Insurance Entities (8biv)
The adjustments required in paragraph 9 detail specific changes required to determine the value of the
SCAs captured under paragraphs 8bii and 8biv. However, as these are only adjustments for specific items
within certain SSAPs, the adjustments do not result in a value that reflects a “statutory basis of
accounting” for the SCA. Furthermore, some of the adjustments do not appear consistent with current
statutory accounting guidance (e.g., adjustment for DTAs).
1. Should the guidance be revised to clarify that the SCA entities captured within 8bii and 8biv be
adjusted to a “full statutory accounting basis”? (With this option, it would be proposed that the
specific adjustments in SSAP No. 9 be removed, with an overall reference to make adjustments
to comply with the AP&P Manual.)
2. Should the guidance be revised to clarify that the SCA entities captured within 8bii and 8biv do
not reflect a “statutory basis of accounting” but rather reflect a value determined after applying
limited adjustments per paragraph 9 to their underlying U.S. GAAP or foreign statutory financial
statements?
3. If option 2 is pursued, should the guidance in paragraph 9 be updated to reflect more SAP
adjustments, or be updated to reflect changes in SSAPs? For example, paragraph 9e requires an
adjustment to nonadmit the net DTA of the SCA in excess of 10% of the audited US GAAP
equity. This 10% threshold was included in SSAP No. 10, but this guidance was superseded by
SSAP No. 101, which has a more detailed admittance calculation. Additionally, most SSAPs
identify situations that can generate nonadmitted assets (e.g., if criteria of the SSAP are not met).
The adjustments required in paragraph 9a only include five SSAPs. Should more SSAPs be
added to this listing to ensure adjustments for nonadmitted assets?
Staff Review Completed by:
Julie Gann– February 10, 2015
Status:
On March 28, 2015, the Statutory Accounting Principles (E) Working Group moved this item to the
substantive active listing and exposed this agenda item requesting comments on the issues and discussion
questions regarding the reporting of investments in SCAs under SSAP No. 97.
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