References

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References
Early detection of diabetes among high risk groups
http://www.doh.gov.uk/nsc/pdfs/diabetesnsc2.pdf
UK National Screening Committee, Diabetes, Heart Disease and
Stroke(DHDS)prevention pilot project, Project book version 3.0, winter 2003/4.
http://www.nelh.nhs.uk/screening/diabetesproject
Harris R et al, Screening Adults for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Recommendations
from the US preventive Services Task Force, Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume
138(3), 4 February 2003.
World Health Organisation, Screening for Type 2 Diabetes, Report of a WHO and
International Diabetes Federation meeting. WHO/NMH/MNC/03.1
http://www.who.int/ncd/dia/screening_mnc03.pdf Accessed 23 Dec 03
National Medical Health and Research Council Australia, Evidence Based Guidelines
for Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and Case Detection & Diagnosis of Type 2
Diabetes. December 2001 at:
http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/cp86syn.htm
Management of patients with impaired glucose tolerance
Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Diabetes Prevention Program
Research Group. ‘Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle
Intervention or Metformin’ New England Journal of Medicine, Feb 7, 2002. 346. 6.
393-403.
Pan X, Li G, Hu Y, Wang J, Yang W, An Z et al. ‘Effects of diet and exercise in
preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and
diabetes study’ Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 537-44.
Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hamalainen H, Ilanne-Parikka P,
et al. Finnish Diabetes prevention Study group. ‘Prevention of type 2 diabetes by
changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance’ New England
Journal of Medicine 2001; 344: 1343-1350.
Implementing a diabetes register
Hurwitz B, Goodman C, Yudkin J. 1993. ‘Prompting the clinical care of non-insulin
dependent (type II) diabetic patients in an inner city area; one model of community
care’ BMJ 306:624-30.
Greenhaugh PM. 1994. Shared Care for Diabetes: A Systematic Review Occasional
paper 67, London: The Royal College of General Practitioner
Management of blood pressure
UKPDS Group: ‘Tight blood pressure control and the risk of macrovascular and
microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. UKPDS 38.’ BMJ 1998. 317. 703-13.
HOT Study Group: ‘Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering and low dose aspitin
in patinets with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment
randomised trial.’ Lancet 1998. 351. 1755-62.
British Hypertension Society ‘Guidelines for hypertension management 2004 (BHS –
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ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. ‘Major outcomes in high risk hypertensive
patients randomised to ACE inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic.’ JAMA
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Glucose control
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. ‘The effect of
intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of longterm
complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus’ New England Journal of
Medicine 1993; 329: 977-86.
UKPDS Group. ‘Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin
compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type
2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)’ Lancet 1998; 352: 837-53
Guideline for the management of lipids in Diabetes
NICE guidelines for hypertension: http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=218469
BHS hypertension guidelines:
http://www.hyp.ac.uk/bhs/Latest_BHS_management_Guidelines.htm
Summary of product characteristics for Simvastatin:
http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/industry/default.asp?page=displaydoc.asp&docume
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Summary of product characteristics for atorvastatin:
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Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF ‘Heart Protection Study of
cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high risk individuals: a randomised
placebo-controlled trial.’ Lancet 2002; 360: 7-22M
Use of aspirin
‘Joint British recommendations on prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical
practice’ Heart 1998; 80 (Suppl 2): S1-29
Hannson L et al. ‘Effect of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low dose aspirin in
patients with hypertension; principal results of the hypertension optimal treatment
(HOT) randomised trial’ Lancet 1998; 351; 1755-62.
‘Thrombosis Prevention Trial: randomised trial of low-intensity oral anticoagulation
with warfarin and low dose aspirin in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart
disease in men at increased risk’ Lancet 1998; 351: 233-41
Foot examinations
Litzelmann DK et al. ‘Reduction of lower extremity clinical abnormalities in patients
with NIDDM’ Annals Intern Med 1993, 119:36-41.
Pieber TR et al. ‘Evaluation of a structured teaching and treatment progtamme for
type 2 diabetes in general practice in a rural area of Austria’ Diabetic Medicine
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Malone JM et al. ‘Prevention of amputation by diabetic education’ Am J Surgery
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Eye screening
Singer D et al. ‘Screening for diabetic retinopathy’ Ann Int Med 1992; 116: 660-71
The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. ‘Photocoagulation treatment of
proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinincal application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study
(DRS) findings, DRS report number 8’ Ophthalmology 1981; 88: 583
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. ‘Photocoagulation for
diabetic macular edema’ ETDRS study report No. 1. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 103:
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Screening for proteinuria
Mogensen CE et al. ‘Prevention of diabetic renal disease with special reference to
microalbuminuria’ Lancet 1995; 346: 1080-4.
Lewis et al. ‘The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic
nephropathy’ N Engl J Med 1993; 329; 1456-62
Macrovascular disease
Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration. ‘Collaborative overview of randomised trials of
antiplatelet therapy-1: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by
prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients’ BMJ 1994; 308: 81106
Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. ‘Effects of
ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes
mellitus: results of the HOPE artudt and MICRO-HOPE study’ Lancet 2000; 355:
253-9
Pyorala K et al. ‘Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic
patients with coronary heart disease. A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian
Simvastatin Survival Study(4S)’ Diabetes Care 1997 20; 614-20
Zuanetti et al. ‘Effect of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril on mortality in diabetic patients
with acute myocardial infarction; Data from the GISSI-3 study’ Circulation 1997; 96:
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Patient Education
Fox, C and MacKinnon, M (1999). Vital Diabetes Class Publishing, London.
MacKinnon, M (1998). Providing Diabetes Care in General Practice Class
Publishing, London.
Day, JL (1998). Living with Diabetes. Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
Nutritional management
British Diabetic Association (1992). ‘Dietary Recommendations for people with
Diabetes: An update for the 1990s’ Diabetic Medicine, 9(2), 189 – 202.
Diabetes UK (2004) Weight management: managing diabetes in primary care
London: Diabetes UK available at www.diabetes.org.uk/catalogue/education.htm
Ha TKK and Lean MJE (1998). ‘Technical Review: Recommendations for the
nutritional management of patients with diabetes mellitus’ European Journal of
Clinical Nutrition, 52, 467–481
Health Education Authority (1997). Helping People Change, Trainers Manual
London: HEA.
Monk A et al (1995). ‘Practical guidelines for medical nutrition therapy provided by
dietitians for persons with NIDDM’ Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95,
999 – 1006
Royal College of Physicians of London (1998). Clinical Management of overweight
and obese patients London, Royal College of Physicians.
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (1996). Obesity in Scotland, Integrating
Prevention with weight management SIGN
Exercise
ADA (1990). ‘Exercise and NIDDM (Technical Review)’ Diabetes Care, 137, 785–
789
ADA (1994). ‘Exercise in individuals with IDDM (Technical Review)’ Diabetes
Care,17,924–937
ADA (1998). ‘Diabetes Mellitus and Exercise’ Diabetes Care, 21(S1), 540– 44
Physical Activity Task Force (1995). More people, more active, more often: Physical
Activity in England, a consultation paper. Dept of Health.
SIGN (1996) Obesity in Scotland, Integrating prevention with weight management
SIGN
Achieving lifestyle change
Dunn C and Rollnick S (2003) Lifestyle Change London: Elsevier Ltd.
Health Education Authority (1997). Helping people change, Trainers Manual London:
HEA
Hunt P and Hillsdon M (1996). Changing eating and exercise behaviour Oxford:
Blackwell Science.
Prochaska JO and Di Clemente CC (1986). ‘Towards a comprehensive model of
change’ in: Miller, WR, and Heather N, (eds). Treating addictive behaviour New
York, Plenum.
Diabetes and psychological distress
Type 1 Diabetes: the diagnosis and management of Type 1 diabetes in adults.
Clinical Guideline 15. NICE, London. July 2004
http://www.nice.org.uk/pdf/CG015_fullguideline_adults_main_section.pdf
International Diabetes Federation (2005) Global Guideline for Type 2 Diabetes:
Psychological Care 19-21.
Depression: Management of depression in Primary and Secondary Care. Clinical
Guideline 23. NICE, London 2004. www.nice.org.uk/pdf/CG023NICEguideline.pdf
BMA and NHSEmployers. Revisions to the GMS Contract 2006/7: Delivering
investment in General Practice. March 2006.
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Zigmond, A.S. & Snaith, R.P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 63-70.
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Kroenke et al. Journal of General Internal Medicine 16 606-613 2001
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Arnau et al Health Psychology 20 (2) 112-119 2001.
Anxiety: Management of anxiety in adults in Primary and Secondary Care. Clinical
Guideline 22. NICE, London December 2004.
www.nice.org.uk/pdf/CG022NICEguideline.pdf
Draft Sheffield Guidelines for Primary Care Management of Mental Health Problems,
2nd Edition, 2004
Bradley,C. & Gamsu, D.S. (1994). Guideline for encouraging psychological wellbeing. Report for the World Health Organisation and St. Vincent Declaration Action
Programme for Diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 11, 510-16.
Hurrell, E. & Leahy, M Guidelines for Assessing Depression in people with Coronary
Heart Disease. CIRC team, Sheffield 2001.
Shillitoe R (1994) Counselling people with diabetes BPS Books.
Self help references
Anxiety
Kennerley, H. (1997). Overcoming Anxiety: a self-help guide using cognitive
behaviour techniques. London: Robinson.
Padesky, C. & Greenburger, D. (1995). Mind over mood: changing the way you feel
by changing the way you think. Guildford, Guildford Press.
Silove, D. (1997). Overcoming Panic: a self-help guide using cognitive behaviour
techniques. London: Robinson.
Chronic health problems – heart disease & diabetes
Holman, H., Sobel, D., Laurent, D., Gonzalez, V., Minor, M., & Lorig, K. (2000).
Living a healthy life with chronic conditions: Self-management of heart disease,
arthritis, diabetes, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and others. USA, Bull Publishing
Co.
Depression
Burns, D.D. (2000). The feeling good handbook. London, Penguin Books Ltd.
Gilbert, P. (2000). Overcoming Depression: a self-help guide using cognitive
behaviour techniques. London: Robinson.
Padesky, C. & Greenburger, D. (1995). Mind over mood: changing the way you feel
by changing the way you think. Guildford, Guildford Press.
Rowe, D. (2003). Depression: The way out of your prison. London: BrunnerRoutledge.
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