Basic I Midterm Study Guide
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History of Logan University Timeline
o 1916—HB Logan graduates from Universal
o 1927—Vinton Logan graduates from Universal
o 1931—Universal Health Basic Technique was 1st taught
o 1933—ICRF was founded and the 14 x 36 x-ray film was invented by
Warren Sausser
o 1935—Logan College of Chiropractic was founded
o 1938—IBTRI was founded
o 1944—HB Logan dies; Vinton Logan becomes President of Logan
o 1949—HB Logan Memorial Building was built
o 1958—Carver College merges with Logan College
o 1961—William Coggins become President; Vinton Logan and BJ Palmer
die
o 1964—Missouri College merges with Logan College; Reinert Diversified
is 1st taught
o 1968—Piriformis contact is introduced; Basic was published
o 1973—Logan College is moved to Chesterfield
o 1979—William Coggins retires; Mortar becomes President for 8 months;
Beatrice Hagen becomes President (first woman to be President of Logan,
Chair of the Board of Trustees, President of a CCE accredited college, and
President of the CCE)
o 1982—Dale C. Montgomery Health Center opens
o 1988—Ergonomic, Science and Research Building is built
o 1997—Harris Sports and Wellness Complex is built
o 2004—Learning Resource Center is remodeled
o 2007—Purser Center is built
o 2008—Standard Process Student Center is built
Anatomy/Physiology/Pathology/Biomechanics
o 24 vertebrae in the spine
o 26 vertebrae in the spinal cord
o 23 IVD in the spine
o 24 IVD in the spinal cord
o Bones of Pelvis (4)—Primary curve and concave
 2 Innominates with 3 parts
 Ilium
o Greater sciatic notch has as larger angle in women
than in men. It is “J” shaped in men and “L”
shaped in women.
 Ischium
 Pubis
 Sacrum
 5 segments
 Articular surface extends from 1st to 3rd sacral segment
 Bodies of sacral vertebrae unite around age 20
o Ligaments of SI joint
 Anterior SI ligament
 Interosseous SI ligament
 Ilium to sacrum
 Posterior SI ligament
 From S-3—S-4 to PSIS
o Ligaments attaching Sacrum to Ischium
 Sacrosciatic ligament
 Sacrotuberous ligament
o PSIS to lower part of sacrum and upper part of
coccyx
 Sacrospinous ligament
o Lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to Spine of
Ischium
o Ligaments of the Pubic Symphysis
 I believe the subpubic is the subarcuate angle
 In a male, the subpubic angle is approximately equal to the largest
angle formed btw the 2nd and 3rd digits of the hand, while in the
female, the subpubic angle is similar to the largest angle formed
btw the thumb and index finger
o Intrinsic muscle—runs across 1 joint
o Extrinsic muscle—runs across two or more joints
o Muscles of the Pelvis
 Piriformis
 Attaches to anterior sacrum from ST ligament and inserts
on posterior border of greater trochanter
 External rotator and abducts
 Extrinsic muscle
 Gluteus maximus
 From ilium, and lower part of sacrum and inserts on fascia
lata and gluteal tuberosity of femur
 Rotates the thigh and fixes the bone
 Coccygeus muscle
 From spine of ischium and SS ligament and inserts on
coccyx and lower sacrum
 Psoas major
 From TPs of lumbars and inserts on lesser trochanter
 Psoas minor
 From sides of 12th thoracic and IVD and inserts to pectin
pubis and iliopectineal eminence
 Iliacus
 From iliac fossa, inner lip of iliac crest, ventral SI and
iliolumbar ligaments and upper surface of lateral part of
sacrum and inserts on lesser trochanter
 Sartorius
 Longest muscle of the body
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 From ASIS and inserts at pes anserine
 Extrinsic muscle
Muscles of back (ILS)
 Iliocostalis
 Only one not to have a capitis group
 Mostly attaches to parts of ribs
 Longissimus
 Mostly attaches to TPs
 Spinalis
 Mostly attaches to SPs
Interspinous line runs from the ASIS to PSIS
When head is rotated, if atlas/axis is not subluxated, then it should drop 2
mm
Pace Sign
 Weakness in resisted abduction and external rotation
 Tests for piriformis dysfxn
Beatty Sign
 With the patient lying painful side up, the leg is flexed, with the
knee resting on the table, buttock pain is produced when the patient
lies and holds the knee off the table
 Tests for piriformis dysfxn
Only muscle that is attached to anterior side of sacrum is piriformis
Due to water imbibition in the nucleus pulposes, by nighttime there is less
water, and the disc is thinner. This cumulatve thinning of the discs can
amount to 2 cm
Nutation
 When sacrum rotates, the promontory moves inferiorly and
anteriorly while apex of sacrum and tip of coccyx move posteriorly
and superiorly
 Unlocking
Counter-nutation
 Opposite of nutation
 Locking
Eccentric Rotation
 Innominate bone rotates in a counterclockwise direction, in which
the PSIS of ilium moves posterior
Concentric Rotation
 Ilium on opposite side of sacral subluxation, will rotate clockwise,
in which the PSIS of ilium moves anterior
Acute Unilateral Anterior-Inferiority of the Sacrum
 Degree is limited to 1/8 of an inch
Lumbopelvic Rhythm
 High hamstring muscle tension is frequently found in low back
pain patients, which affects the rhythm
 In healthy patients, when they bend forward, there is a specific
coupled motion existing btw the pelvis and lumbar spine
o Sacrum Shape
 Inserted like a wedge btw the 2 innominate bones
 Wide base, narrow apex
 Dorsal surface is convex, anterior surface is concave
o Ferguson’s Angle
 Average is 40’’
 To see the sacral base angle view, use Ferguson’s angle
 For every 5, move tube 1’’ closer to patient