Station 1 Worksheets
Cloze passage
Name:_____________
ATOMS, PROTONS, ELECTRONS, AND NEUTRONS
All matter is made up of _________________and atoms are made up of
smaller particles.
The three main particles making up an atom are the ___________________, __________________,__________________.
Electrons spin around the center, or_________________, of atoms, in the
same way the moon spins around the earth. The nucleus is made up of
__________________and ____________________.
Electrons contain a ____________________charge, protons a
_____________________ charge. Neutrons are ___________________
-- they have neither a positive nor a negative charge.
Each atom has a specific number of electrons, protons and neutrons. No
matter how many particles an atom has, the number of electrons usually
needs to be the ____________________as the number of protons. If the
numbers are the same, the atom is called balanced, and it is very stable.
So, if an atom had six protons, it should also
have______________________________.
Some kinds of atoms have loosely attached electrons.
An atom that loses electrons has more protons than electrons and is
_________________________ charged (+).
An atom that gains electrons has more negative particles and is
__________________________charged (-).
A "charged" atom is called an "______________________.”
ATTRACTION AND REPULSION
Now, positive and negative charges behave in
interesting ways. Did you ever hear the
saying that opposites attract?
Two things with opposite, or different charges (a positive and a negative)
will _____________________, or pull towards each other.
Things with the same charge (two positives or two negatives) will
___________________, or push away from each other.
A charged object will also attract something that is
neutral. Think about how you can make a balloon stick to
the wall. If you charge a balloon by rubbing it on your hair,
it picks up extra electrons and has a ________________
charge. Holding it near a neutral object will make the
charges in that object move. If it is a conductor, many
electrons move easily to the other side, as far from the
balloon as possible. If it is an insulator, the electrons in
the atoms and molecules can only move very slightly to one
side, away from the balloon. In either case, there are more positive charges
closer to the negative balloon. ___________________ attract. The balloon
sticks. (At least until the electrons on the balloon slowly leak off.) It works
the same way for neutral and positively charged objects
So what does all this have to do with static shocks? Or static electricity in
hair? When you take off your wool hat, it rubs against your hair. Electrons
move from your hair to the hat. A static charge builds up and now each of
the hairs has the same positive charge. Remember, things with the same
charge _____________________ each other. So the hairs try to get as
far from each other as possible. The farthest they can get is by standing up
and away from the others. And that is how static electricity causes a bad
hair day!
RESISTANCE
Electrons can be made to move from one atom to another. When those
electrons move between the atoms, a current of ________________is
created.
The electrons move from one atom to another in a "___________." One
electron is attached and another electron is lost.
The________________ is passed from atom to atom when electricity is
"passed."
Some kinds of atoms contain loosely attached electrons. These electrons can
be made to move easily from one atom to another. When they move among
the atoms of matter, a current of electricity is created.
For example: In a piece of wire the electrons are passed from atom to atom,
creating an ____________________from one end to the other.
______________ are very, very small. A single copper penny contains more
than 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1x1022) electrons.
Electricity "__________________" or moves through some things better
than others. The measurement of how well something conducts electricity is
called its ______________________.
Resistance in wire depends on how ___________________________
___________________________
and ___________________________
The thickness of wire is called its __________________. The smaller the
guage, the bigger the wire. Some of the largest thicknesses of regular wire
is guage 1.
CONDUCTORS AND INSLUATORS
Different types of _________________ are used in making wire. You can
have copper wire, aluminum wire, even steel wire. Each of these metals has a
different resistance; how well the metal conducts electricity.
The ________________ the resistance of a wire, the better it conducts
electricity.
____________________ is used in many wires because it has a lower
resistance than many other metals. The wires in your walls, inside your lamps
and elsewhere are usually copper.
A piece of metal can be made to act like a heater. When an electrical
current occurs, the resistance causes ____________ and the friction
causes __________________. The higher the resistance, the hotter it can
get. So, a coiled wire high in resistance, like the wire in a hair dryer, can be
very hot.
Some things conduct electricity very ______________________.
These are called ______________________. Rubber is a good insulator,
and that's why rubber is used to cover wires in an electric cord. Glass is
another good insulator. If you look at the end of a power line, you'll see that
it is attached to some bumpy looking things. These are glass insulators. They
keep the metal of the wires from touching the metal of the towers.
Source
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter02.html
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter03.html
http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html