AP Bio.
Chapt. 18 Microbial Models:
The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Name_________________
1. Distinguish among the following :
bacteria / virus
capsid / envelop
bacteriophage / phage
lytic cycle / lysogenic cycle
bacterial viruses / animal viruses
proto-oncogenes / oncogenes
horizontal transmission / vertical transmission
viroids / prions
transduction / transformation / conjugation
Use the terms below and complete the concept map related to Viruses*
viroids
plant
reverse transcriptase
lytic or lysogenic cycle
oncogenes
viral envelope
transpoons
DNA
RNA
protein capsid
plasmids retrovirus
bacteria
host
animal
VIRUSES
consist of
replicate using
metabolic
machinery
genome
which may be
single
f.___________
stranded
doubled
a. ____________
enclosed in
evolved
may be
b.__________
from
c._________
d. ________
e. _________
stranded
viruses called
g._________
____________
may have
h.________
may reproduce by
phage
can cause
disease
may turn on
may have
i.__________
forms from
may be
j. __________
usually
RNA virus
carries enzymes
or introduce
host membrane
n. _____________
k.
may be RNA molecule
called
l. _____________
m. ______________
__________________
or
m.
*Taylor, Martha, Student Study Guide for Biology 1999
Complete the following concept map that summarizes the genetic characteristics of bacteria*, using the
words listed below.
circular chromosome
F plasmid, R plasmid
conjugation
transpoons
antibiotic-resistant genes
transformation adaptation to environment/evolution
mutation
phage
naked DNA
F+ or Hfr, and F- cells
transduction
BACTERIA
genome is
may have
a. _______________
plasmids
such as
b. ______________
_______________
have a great deal of
genetic diversity
due to
c. _____________
genetic recombination
f. _______________
g. _____________
cells pick up
genes transferred by
short generation time
requires
may occur by
j. _______________
have a
leads to rapid
d. ______________
move about
h. ______________
genome
sex pili form between
k. ________________
l. ____________________
e.
may move
i. _______________
onto
R plasmids
Complete the following fill in referring to section 18.8*.
Repressible enzymes usually function in _________________ pathways. The pathway’s end product
serves as a ________________ to activate the repressor and turn off enzyme synthesis and prevent
overproduction of the end product of the pathway. Genes for repressible enzymes are usually
switched ____________ and the repressor is synthesized in an _____________ form.
Inducible enzymes usually function in _______________ pathways. Nutrient molecules serve as
______________ to stimulate production of the enzymes necessary for their breakdown. Genes for
inducible enzymes are usually switched ____________ and the repressor is synthesized in an
____________ form.
*Taylor, Martha, Student Study Guide for Biology 1999