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2013
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BUS 444 Strategic Management
Professor: Gary Edward Giss, M.B.A., M.C., M.A.
Location: Wenzhou University
E-Mail Address: garygiss@hotmail.com
Instructor Availability: You will be able to speak with the instructor before and following each class session. Appointments for additional meeting times may be made following each class session.
Course Credits: 3 credits
Course Prerequisites: Senior (4 th Year) Level.
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Strategic Planning (BUS 444) is the capstone, integrative course for graduating business management students. This is an exciting, challenging course that focuses on how firms formulate, implement, and evaluate strategies. Strategic management concepts and techniques are studied. Students use all the knowledge acquired from prior business courses, coupled with new strategic management techniques learned, to plan the future direction of different organizations. The major project is to analyze a company, make objective strategic decisions and justify them through oral and written communication. This course examines strategic processes that influence the direction of an organization and explores the techniques for defining mission and objectives of an enterprise, understanding competitive forces and industry dynamics, analyzing components of sustained competitive advantage, matching organizational strengths with environmental opportunities and developing strategies and policies to achieve the org anization’s mission and balance the interests of stakeholders.
TEXTBOOK:
Strategic Management Concepts and Cases, Fred R. David, Prentice Hall, 13 th Edition
(2013), Tsinghua University Press, 978-7-302-23477-7
COURSE RESOURCES:
Information on publicly traded companies: http://www.marketwatch.com/
Textbook companion website for students: http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_david_sm_11/
The Strategic Planning Process: http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/strategic-planning/
Strategic Planning: http://managementhelp.org/plan_dec/str_plan/str_plan.htm
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BUS 444 Strategic Management
STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES (SLOs)
By the end of the course students will
1. Define and explain the strategy hierarchy and how it is developed to achieve mission and goals.
2. Describe the strategic management process including internal and external environmental assessments, strategy and tactic formulation, and strategic control.
3. Evaluate alternative strategic decisions and analyze why these decisions succeeded or failed.
4. Evaluate, practice and further develop the tools needed to implement strategies in a global economy.
5. Analyze marketing, operations, accounting, finance, human resources, and other business functions of an organization and construct a business strategy to manage the long-term health of an organization.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
The following are the requirements for this course:
Description of Assignments
Each day, there will be a written assignment given in class; sometimes, these assignments will be team-based, other times, they will be individual assignments. If you are not in class, you will receive a zero for both the daily assignment and class participation for that day.
Make-up work is not permitted. There will also be a few quizzes to check student progress up to that point in the course.
Each student will be assigned to a team, and each team will have a publicly traded corporation assigned to them to research and use as the basis for in-class assignments and the term project. The term project requires both a written report and an oral presentation; requirements and rubrics for the term project are at the end of the syllabus – note –
INDIVIDUAL GRADES WILL BE GIVEN FOR THE TERM PROJECT, NOT TEAM GRADES.
In other words, every member of the team will be assessed individually – it is entirely possible for some members of a team to earn A’s, while others earn F’s, based on the level and value of their contributions to the project.
There will be two exams given in the course. The Final exam will cover the materials in
Chapters 1-8 and will constitute 30% of the final grade. There may be quizzes during the class that will help determine student progress to that point (part of the in-class assignments grade worth 25%). The Comprehensive Exam on Functional Areas of Business is an 80question multiple choice exam, and it covers all of Keuka Business courses; it is worth 10% of your final grade and will be given to all sections of the class on the same day and time.
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Failure to be present on the date/time an exam is given will result in a grade of zero for the exam. Make-up exams are not permitted.
WEIGHTING OF ASSIGNMENTS POINT
VALUE
Class Participation 10%
In-class Assignments/Quizzes
Term Project – company strategic analysis and plan
Exams (2) – final exam (30%) and the comprehensive exam on functional areas of business (10%)
25%
25%
40%
Total 100%
*See Appendix B for rubrics indicating how assignments will be graded
12 sessions
OUTLINE OF THE COURSE
All schedules in this syllabus are tentative and subject to change.
Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels:
1- Knowledge 2- Comprehension 3- Analysis 4- Application 5- Synthesis 6- Evaluation
Session 1
Session 1
SLO(s) covered:
1
Bloom’s level(s):
1, 2
Session 2
SLO(s) covered:
2
Bloom’s level(s):
1, 2, 3
Session 3
SLO(s) covered:
1, 2
Bloom’s level(s):
1, 2, 3
Topic
Introductions & Class
Policies
Intro to strategic management terms and issues
SWOT Analyses;
Assignment to groups for daily assignments, research project, and presentation
The role of ethics in strategic management
The Business Vision and Mission
In-Class Activity
Introductions
In-class activity: Get together with your assigned team.
Select a team leader.
Working with your assigned team, complete Steps 1 and 2 of Experiential Exercise 1D on page 45-46 of your textbook.
In-class activity: Working with your assigned team, make a list of areas about the business assigned that the group believes needs to be researched for the written report and oral presentation.
In-class activity: What is the mission of the company your group was assigned?
Explain the current mission of the company and ways that you believe that mission could be improved by doing business in China.
Homework
Read Chapter 1, pages 1-16
Read Chapter 1,
Research your group’s assigned company, gathering basic information about its operations and structure. Bring your research to our next class.
Read Chapter 2.
Research the vision and mission statements of your group’s assigned company. Bring your research to our next class.
Read Chapter 3,
Gather research on the external factors that could impact your assigned company. Bring that information to our next class.
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Session 4
SLO(s) covered:
2, 4
Bloom’s level(s):
2, 3, 4
Session 4
SLO(s) covered:
2, 4
Bloom’s level(s):
2, 3, 4
Session 5
SLO(s) covered:
2, 4
Bloom’s level(s):
2, 3, 4
Session 5
SLO(s) covered:
4, 5
Bloom’s level(s):
3, 4, 5
Session 6
SLO(s) covered:
3, 4
Bloom’s level(s):
4, 5, 6
Session 6
SLO(s) covered:
3, 4
The external assessment
Introduction to strategic management strategies,
Part I
Introduction to strategic management strategies,
Part II
– factors to be researched and considered
The external assessment matrices
– Analysis
The internal assessment
– nonfinancial factors
The internal assessment
– financial factors
In-class activity: Create a
SWOT analysis and an EFE
Matrix for your assigned company.
In-class activity: Working with your group, use the factors from the SWOT analysis previously prepared for your assigned company, and create an CPM Matrix for the company, comparing it to two of its primary competitors
In-class activity: Using the factors from SWOT, EFE, and
CPM analyses previously prepared for your group’s assigned company, create an
IFE matrix.
In-class activity: Using financial performance data for the past five years on your assigned company, create an executive summary of the data, explaining the trend, and forecasting what the company should experience in the next
12 months.
In-class activity: Based on the research of your assigned company to date, create one specific example for each of the 11 types of strategies from
Table 5-2on page 147 and explain whether how that strategy could be successful or unsuccessful if used by that assigned business.
In-class activity: Based on the research of your assigned company to date, create a
Grand Strategy Matrix
Read Chapter 3
Gather research on your assigned company’s competitors. Bring that information to our next class.
Read Chapter 4
Gather research on the internal factors that could impact your assigned company. Bring that information to our next class.
Read Chapter 4,
Gather financial performance data for the past five years on your assigned company. Bring that information to our next class.
Read Chapter Five
Continue working on the research, written report, and presentation for the final project.
Read Chapter 5
Continue working on the research, written report, and presentation for the final project.
Read Chapter 6
Continue working on the research,
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Bloom’s level(s):
4, 5, 6
Session 7
SLO(s) covered:
3, 4
Bloom’s level(s):
4, 5, 6
Session 7
SLO(s) covered:
3, 4
Bloom’s level(s):
4, 5, 6
Session 8
SLO(s) covered:
4, 5
Bloom’s level(s):
4, 5, 6
Session 8
SLO(s) covered:
4, 5
Bloom’s level(s):
4, 5, 6
Session 9
SLO(s) covered:
3, 4, 5
Bloom’s level(s):
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Session 9
SLO(s) covered:
3, 4, 5
Bloom’s level(s):
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Strategy selection
Strategy selection
Strategy implementation
- Management &
Operations Issues
In-class activity: Based on the research of your assigned company to date, create a
SWOT Matrix & SPACE Matrix
In-class activity: Based on the research of your assigned company to date, create a
Grand Strategy Matrix &
QSPM Matrix
In-class activity: Prepare a draft of Business Strategy recommendations –both long term objectives and specific strategies for the company written report, and presentation for the final project.
Read Chapter 6
Continue working on the research, written report, and presentation for the final project.
Read Chapter 7
Continue working on the research, written report, and presentation for the final project.
Read Chapter 8
Continue working on the research, written report, and presentation for the final project.
Propose methods and a timetable for the implementation of the longterm objectives and specific strategies
Strategy implementation
– Marketing, Finance, &
Accounting Issues
In-class activity: Prepare a summary of
EPS/EBIT Analyses, Financial
Statements. Explain how your proposals in Session 15 could impact trends and forecasted financial performance data
Final Exam Review –
Group Presentations of assigned question from
Study Guide
Final Exam Review – Group
Presentations of assigned question from Study Guide
Prepare presentation for your group’s assigned question from the Final
Exam Study
Guide.
Study for Final
Exam
Final Exam,
Chapters 1-8
Prepare for group presentations & submission of research project
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Session 10
Program
Outcomes
Assessed: 1, 2, 3,
4, 5
SLO(s) covered:
2, 3, 4, 5
Bloom’s level(s):
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Session 11
Program
Outcomes
Assessed: 1, 2, 3,
4, 5
Bloom’s level(s): 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Session 12
Program
Outcomes
Assessed: 1, 2, 3,
4, 5
Bloom’s level(s): 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Group presentations
Group presentations
20 Minutes for each presentation
20 Minutes for each presentation
Keuka Comprehensive Exam on Functional Areas of Business
Grading Guidelines for Transfer Credit (International Programs)
Study for Keuka
Comprehensive
Exam on
Functional Areas of Business
The chart below depicts how course points will equate to grades.
QUALITY POINTS POINTS
A SUPERIOR 4.00 93-100
A-
B+
B COMMENDABLE
B-
C+
C SATISFACTORY
C-
3.67
3.33
3.00
2.67
2.33
2.00
1.67
90 - 92
87 - 89
83 - 86
80 - 82
77 - 79
73 - 76
70 - 72
D+
D
D-
F
DEFICIENT
1.33
1.00
0.67
67 - 69
63 - 66
60 - 62
FAILING 0 0-59
Outstanding work not completed in 30 days will result in a grade of “F.”
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English Language Skills
This course and the Business Management degree program are focused on increasing English proficiency as well as business management skills.
Students need to demonstrate strong English language skills to succeed in this course, it is suggested that students read any assigned readings carefully prior to class discussions.
Here is one method:
1. First, print out the readings so there is a copy of the reading to work with.
2. Then, using a dictionary, look up and write out (on the copy) the Chinese definitions of key words in the assignment.
3. Work through the assignment before class, so there is a general understanding of what the reading is about.
4. Ask the instructor about phrases or statements in the assignment that still are difficult to understand.
5. Write down what the instructor says about the reading assignment on the sides, bottom, or on the back of the copy of the reading assignment. This will provide a good study guide for any exam on this material.
IT IS THE STUDENT’S JOB TO ASK QUESTIONS! The instructor cannot guess what a student does not understand. The instructor expects and appreciates students’ questions. Students who ask the most questions in class often get the highest grades.
COURSE ATTENDANCE and PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR
Attendance is mandatory. Being on time and prepared to do your job is a key business behavior. This is a business course and so it requires a business-like approach to attendance, fulfilling assignments, meeting deadlines, conducting respectful and professional conversations, and handing in homework.
Attendance
Students need to be in their seats ready to answer the roll call by the beginning of class. Each class in a business program is like a business meeting.
Attendance will be taken during each session.
Students who miss 4 hours of instruction in a course may have their grade lowered by one letter grade. For example, an A grade will be lowered to a B.
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Students who miss an additional 4 hours of instruction may have their grade lowered another full grade. For example, a B grade will be lowered to a C.
Students who miss 12 or more hours of instruction will fail the course.
Homework and Written Assignments
In the rare event that homework is given, it is due at the beginning of class when the instructor calls for it to be turned in. Late homework is not accepted for any reason and a grade of zero will be entered.
Daily written assignments are due at the end of class when the instructor calls for it to be turned in. Late written assignments are not accepted for any reason and a grade of zero will be entered. Extra credit or make-up work is not permitted in this course.
Homework and written assignments are to be completed in your own words.
See section on “Academic Honesty” below.
Class Participation
The instructor expects students to focus on in-class exercises and lectures and make an effort to understand the point of the lecture or exercise. If the instructor finds students sleeping in class, chatting loudly with classmates, reading books from other classes, or spending class time to do something other than participating actively in what is planned for the class that day, the instructor may deduct points from the student’s final grade and/or expel the student from the class.
Academic Honesty
Academic honesty is very important to Keuka College. All written work must meet the standards of work for students at Keuka College, set by the faculty. Plagiarism (the use of another’s material without citation or reference) will not be tolerated.
Cheating on exams or copying parts of other’s assignments will result in a ‘0’ grade for that assignment for all parties involved. That means both the person who copies from another student and the person who allows their work to be copied may receive a ‘0’ grade.
Cheating on a final exam or final project can result in a student receiving an “F” for the course. The instructor may also officially notify the university that students were caught cheating and identify the names of the cheaters.
Examples of cheating are:
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Having a tutor or friend complete all or a portion of an assignment
Having any other person make revision s to a student’s final work
Copying work submitted by another student
Using information from online information services without proper citation
Completing a test with answers other than the student’s own
Using a cell phone to receive text answers during an exam
Using a cell phone to text a friend about the questions on an exam
Writing information on a desk to use in an exam
Using an electronic translator to store information for an exam
Bringing notes of any sort into an exam unless authorized by the instructor
Attempting to buy an exam
Other efforts to use other people’s work instead of one’s own work
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Appendix A: College Vision, Mission & Program Outcomes
KEUKA COLLEGE VISION STATEMENT
To be renowned as a global leader in comprehensively integrating liberal arts, digital technologies, experiential learning, and professional practice.
KEUKA COLLEGE MISSION STATEMENT
To create exemplary citizens and leaders to serve the nation and the world of the 21 st
century.
We provide a transformational liberal arts-based education, strengthened by experiential learning that challenges students to develop their intellectual curiosity and to realize, with purpose and integrity, their full personal and professional potential.
STATEMENT OF PROGRAM OUTCOMES
On successful completion of the Keuka College B.S.M. degree a student will be able to demonstrate mastery of the following Program Outcomes:
1. Functional Components of a Business: Identify and define the functional components of a business (management, accounting, marketing, finance, human resources, and economics) and their interrelationships.
2. Critical Thinking: Demonstrate the ability to apply critical thinking and decision-making skills across the functional components of a business.
3. Written & Verbal Communication: Demonstrate the ability to express themselves clearly, concisely, and logically through effective oral and written communication.
4. Information Technology: Demonstrate the ability to utilize current technology to maximize managerial effectiveness in the achievement of tactical and strategic objectives.
5. Applied Business Skills: Demonstrate applied business skills in their chosen areas of concentration.
This course, BUS 444 Strategic Management, addresses Program Outcomes numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 above.
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Appendix B
BUS 444 Strategic Management Project
ALL STUDENTS WILL RECEIVE AN INDIVIDUAL GRADE FOR THIS PROJECT
Complete this project with members of your assigned group.
Task: Analyze your assigned multi-national corporation. Be sure to research all segments of the corporation’s operations, not just those in or affecting this country. Extensive research is required to complete this project.
Products : (1)Written report and
(2)Oral presentation to the class. The oral presentation to the class SHOULD
NOT merely be the written report put into PPT format.
Written report ( MUST contain each of the following):
Cover sheet containing (1) name of the corporation assigned, (2) names and Keuka
ID numbers of each student in the group who worked on the project
An Executive Summary
, which (1) identifies and evaluates the organization’s existing mission, vision, objectives, and strategies, (2) summarizes the products and services sold by the company, (3) describes competition and market conditions currently faced by the company, and (4) proposes specific recommendations by the student group for the company. The Executive Summary should be between three to five pages of text in length, PLUS exhibits.
The body of the report must contain each of the following sections: o Identification of the company’s existing vision, mission, objectives, and strategies o Recommendations by the group for modified vision and mission statements for the company o Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) Matrix o Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) o External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix o Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix o Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix o Grand Strategy Matrix o Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) o An analysis of the results of each of the foregoing matrices o Business Strategy recommendations –both long term objectives and specific strategies for the company o Proposed methods and timetable for the implementation of the long-term objectives and specific strategies
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o Recommendations for annual objectives and policies for the company o Recommendations on procedures for strategy review and evaluation
A Conclusion which identifies the expected results if the company adopts all of the group’s recommendations
Oral presentation (MUST contain each of the following, and cannot be READ):
Note: should be multi-media – i.e. not just words and charts, but photos, music, and video o Introduction: Discussion of the company’s mission, vision, and history o Scope: Explain the products/services sold by the company, show maps of where the company does business, explain whether the company is planning to expand its market and how o Operations: Explain operational structure of the company, key processes and technologies used to manage operations o Competition: Discuss competitors in the market and this company’s competitive advantage o Marketing: Show video and/or print ads for the company’s products/services o E-Commerce: Explain the company’s presence on the Internet o Summary of recommendations that you made for the company in your written report.
The website, www.marketwatch.com
will be a great resource for information on the company, as will the company’s website.
The following pages show how you will be graded .
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BUS 444 Strategic Management Term Project Content Assessment Rubric (70% of grade)
This is how you will be graded on your report.
Aspects to be assessed & point values
A. Executive
Summary
(5 points)
Significantly short of expectation
F=0
Significantly short of expectation
Somewhat short of expectation
D=1
Many errors in language use and grammar
Content is lacking
B-D.
Introduction,
Performance
Review &
Strategic /
Financial Goals
(20 points)
E. Business
Strategy
(60 points total)
Env Anal (20)
Comp Anal (10)
Strat Alts (5)
Strategy
Selected (5)
Competitor
Reaction (5)
Key Tactics (15)
F. Financial summary
(10 points)
Significantly short of expectation
Significantly short of expectation
Significantly short of expectation
Sections are missing and little evidence of research is evident Content is lacking
Lists but does not discuss each section. Text is difficult to follow and a lack of analysis is evident.
Lacks data or data not consistent
Meets expectation
C=2
Summary has main points, some language problems
Content is adequate
Identifies most aspects of company performance
Content is adequate
Lists each of the six sections and covers the information briefly for each.
Writing is not smooth and has many errors
Adequate analysis but not completed or integrated
Includes basic data in a consistent manner
Somewhat exceeds expectation
B=3
All main points are covered but writing has errors. Good content
Identifies relevant aspects of company performance
Content better than average
Uses tools appropriately, describes alternatives and justifies selection. Some grammar and vocabulary problems that do not hinder comprehension
Thorough analysis & exploration of alternative strategies
G. Conclusion
(5 points)
TOTAL
(100 points)
Significantly short of expectation
Fails to identify main points of study.
Language accuracy is poor
Identifies main points of the study, but language errors are numerous
Significantly exceeds expectation
A=4
All main points are covered and language is accurate and effective
Identifies and describes nuances of company performance
Content better than expected
Presentation of information is clear, complete and detailed.
Tools are used well, selection of alternatives is very welldeveloped.
Language is smooth and without major errors in grammar or style.
Basic data and a discussion are included. Data projections are consistent
Identifies major points of the study, clearly and concisely with proper focus on key elements
Includes all data that is well linked to company strategy. Data are wellintegrated and internally consistent
Objectively reflects on the study as well as summarizing the main points, using smooth accurate language
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BUS 444 Strategic Management Term Project Oral Presentation Assessment Rubric (30% of grade)
This is how you will be graded on your presentation.
Aspects to be assessed & point values
Organization
(15 points)
Significantly short of expectation
(F=0)
Significantly short of expectation
Somewhat short of expectation
(D=1)
Does not have any clear organization.
Language
(20 points)
Delivery
(20 points)
Significantly short of expectation
Significantly short of expectation
Audience has difficulty understanding due to factors such as pronunciation, rapid speech, choppy rhythm and stress, grammatical errors, overly complex sentences, or lack of emphasis and repetition of key points.
Not all group members participate in presenting.
Presentation is not succinct, clearly organized and spoken loudly and clearly. Answers to audience questions do not demonstrate knowledge of topic.
Meets expectation
(C=2)
Sections are clear
Major sections are all presented.
Audience may not be told what will be covered.
Audience may have some difficulty understanding some presenters due to factors such as pronunciation, rapid speech, choppy rhythm and stress, grammatical errors, overly complex sentences, or lack of emphasis of key points.
Each group member presents. May read from notes or refer briefly to text. Presenters look at the audience and delivery is loud and clear enough for audience to hear.
Professional attitudes are
Somewhat exceeds expectation
(B=3)
Presentation flow (specific introduction and conclusion, sequenced material within the body, and transitions) is clearly and consistently observable.
Organization is communicated to audience.
Most presenters have generally comprehensible pronunciation, rhythm and stress.
Sentences are clear and not overly complex.
Key points are repeated and given emphasis.
Each group member presents. Most are comprehensible, thorough and clear. Most presenters engage the audience and field questions.
One presenter may be dominant and demonstrate the audience has no trouble hearing or understanding the speakers.
Some speakers may interact with the audience, using humor or verbal other techniques.
Each group member presents with equal professional skill.
Presentation is clear, thorough, and wellrehearsed.
Presenters engage audience. All are able to demonstrate
Significantly exceeds expectation
(A=4)
Presentation flow (specific introduction and conclusion, sequenced material within the body, and transitions) is clearly and consistently observable.
Organization is communicated to audience and includes a recap at the end.
Presenters speak with good pronunciation and grammatical accuracy. Key points are repeated with emphasis, and
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Supporting
M aterials
(10 points)
Central
Message
(35 points)
TOTAL
(100%)
Significantly short of expectation
Significantly short of expectation
Content is lacking.
Insufficient supporting materials.
Materials may be used without citing sources.
Information or analysis minimally supports the presentation. shown, when answering questions. One presenter may be dominant.
Content is adequate.
Supporting materials make appropriate reference to information or analysis that supports the presentation.
Some gaps may remain-not every section of the presentation has enough support.
Sources are cited.
Central message can be deduced, but is not explicitly stated in the presentation.
Central message is basically understandable but is not often repeated and is not memorable. knowledge of the topic when fielding questions. knowledge of the topic when fielding questions.
Good content.
Supporting materials make appropriate reference to information or analysis that generally supports each section of the presentation.
Sources are cited.
Central message is clear and consistent with the supporting material.
Content better than expected. A variety of types of supporting materials
(explanations, examples, illustrations, statistics, analogies, quotations from relevant authorities) make appropriate reference to information or analysis that significantly supports the presentation.
Central message is compelling
(precisely stated, appropriately repeated, memorable, and strongly supported.)
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BUS 444 Strategic Management Term Project Presentation Content Grading Worksheet (70% of grade)
Criteria assessed & weight
Significantly short of expectation
(Grade = F)
Somewhat short of expectation
(Grade = D)
Meets expectation
(Grade = C)
Somewhat exceeds expectation
(Grade = B)
Significantly exceeds expectation
(Grade = A)
Comments
N/A – written report only
A. Executive
Summary
(5 points)
B-D.
Introduction,
Performance
Review &
Strategic /
Financial
Goals (20 points)
E. Business
Strategy
(60 points total)
Env Anal (20)
Comp Anal
(10)
Strat Alts (5)
Strategy
Selected (5)
Competitor
Reaction (5)
Key Tactics
(15)
F. Financial summary
(10 points)
G. Conclusion
(5 points)
OVERALL
(100 points)
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BUS 444 Strategic Management Term Project Presentation Quality Grading Worksheet (30% of grade)
Criteria assessed & weight
Significantly short of expectation
(Grade =F)
Somewhat short of expectation
(Grade = D)
Meets expectation
(Grade = C)
Somewhat exceeds expectation
(Grade = B)
Significantly exceeds expectation
(Grade = A)
Organization
(15 points)
Language
(20 points)
Delivery
(20 points)
Comments
Supporting
M aterials
(10 points)
Central
Message
(35 points)
OVERALL
(100%)
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