History 101-01 World History to 1450 Spring 2011 Monday and Wednesday 9:30-10:50 a.m. Hentschke Hall 202 Office Hours: Mon., Tues., Wed., 11:00-12:20, or by appointment Instructor: Patrick Wing Office: Gannett 9 Office Phone: 748-8742 Email: patrick_wing@redlands.edu Welcome to World History. This course is an introduction to the study of history through an examination of changes and interactions of human societies from the earliest times to the 15th century of the Common Era (CE). This course is not a history of everything that has happened since the beginning of time. Instead, we will consider a few general themes common to large numbers of the world’s people over a long period. These themes include human migrations, agriculture, pastoral nomadism, religion and its relationship to political power, and cross-cultural exchange as a result of commercial and religious contacts. As a student in this course, you can expect to be introduced to a global perspective on the past. In general, class meetings will be devoted to a combination of class discussion and lecture. Every day one or two students will be appointed to lead discussion, based on the assigned reading for the day. It is important that you come to every class meeting prepared to talk about the discussion questions for the day’s assigned reading. Occasional quizzes on assigned reading will be given at different times during the semester. Required Reading (available in the bookstore) Jerry Bentley and Herbert Ziegler, Traditions and Encounters, Volume 1: From the Beginning to 1500 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008). Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997). Additional Readings. All reading assignments other than those from Bentley & Ziegler and Diamond can be found in the Course Documents folder on Blackboard. 1 Course Requirements 1) Attendance and participation in class discussion are requirements of this course. Attendance at every class meeting is required. If you cannot come to class due to illness or other emergency, please contact the instructor by email or phone prior to the class. Good attendance also means coming to class on time. If you cannot make it to class on time for reasons beyond your control, please talk to the instructor about it. Participation includes active contribution to discussions, as well as occasionally leading discussion on readings for the day. 2) Two essays (4-5 pages each)- The first essay will be about Jared Diamond’s arguments in Guns, Germs and Steel. The second essay will be a comparative analysis of primary historical sources. Guidelines for the papers will be distributed at a later date. The papers are due on February 8 and March 29. You must complete both essay assignments in order to pass the course. 3) Midterm Exam- The exam will be given in class on Wednesday, February 24, and will cover content through February 22. Failure to attend the exam without a valid excuse (illness, personal medical emergency or family emergency) will result in a failing grade for the exam. 4) Three quizzes on assigned reading- Quizzes are unannounced and consist of multiple choice or short answer response questions on the reading assigned for the day. Failure to attend class without a valid excuse (illness, personal medical emergency or family emergency) on the day a quiz is given will result in a failing grade for the quiz. 5) Final Exam- The exam will be given on Wednesday, April 21 at 12:00 noon, and will mainly cover content since the midterm exam. Failure to attend the exam without a valid excuse (illness, personal medical emergency or family emergency) will result in a failing grade for the exam. Grade Breakdown Class attendance and participation (10%) Three Reading Quizzes (15%; 5% each) Midterm Exam (20%) Two Essays (30%; 15% each) Final Exam (25%) Rubric for Grading Student Papers A range These papers command attention. They articulate a clear, explicit thesis, using historical analysis and interpretation, which is presented in a logical sequence. The writer uses evidence from appropriate primary and secondary sources, weighs opposing viewpoints or contradictory evidence, and draws thoughtful conclusions based on the preponderance 2 of evidence. The writer can usually choose words skillfully, vary sentences effectively, and observe the conventions of written English. B range These papers are clearly competent. They articulate a clear thesis, although they may do so with less precision than “A” papers, using historical analysis and interpretation, which is presented in a logical sequence. The writer uses evidence from relevant sources, acknowledges opposing viewpoints, and draws conclusions based on the preponderance of evidence. The writer can usually choose words accurately, vary sentences appropriately, and observe the conventions of written English. C range These papers are satisfactory, sometimes marginally so. They marshal evidence in support of a main point, which may not be fully articulated. The information presented may be drawn from a narrow range of sources, and may not be analyzed and interpreted as successfully in as in a “B” paper, but it is cleared related to a main point, and the writer is able to draw conclusions from it. The writer can usually choose words of sufficient precision, control sentences of reasonable variety, and observe the conventions of written English. D range These papers are seriously inadequate. They may be unacceptably brief; they may respond illogically to class readings and materials; they may reflect a fundamental misconception about their topic; they may contain information that is plainly irrelevant or inaccurate. Their prose may be characterized by several of the following: occasional incorrect word choice; occasional difficulty in formulating readable sentences; some major errors in grammar and usage, or pervasive minor errors. F range These papers are so incompetent as to suggest either complete inattention to the class and topic, or serious difficulties in reading and writing English. They may wholly fail to address their topic; they may fail to offer evidence of any kind; they may dwell irrelevantly and exclusively on personal reactions to the task or topic. Difficulties with word choice, sentence formation, grammar, and usage may be so pervasive as to interfere seriously with the communication of meaning. Plagiarism Plagiarism is the deliberate or careless representation of another’s words, thoughts or ideas as one’s own without attribution. Plagiarism on any assignment will result in a grade of “F” for the assignment. We will discuss what plagiarism is and how to avoid it in class. 3 Schedule of Meetings and Assignments Jan. 13- Introduction Part I: Early Human History to ca. 800 BCE Jan. 18- What Is World History? Jerry Bentley, “Beyond Modernocentrism: Toward Fresh Visions of the Global Past,” in Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World, ed. Victor H. Mair (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2006): 17-29. Jan. 20- Agriculture and Writing Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel, ch. 4-6. Florian Coulmas, “From Icon to Symbol: The General Trend of Evolution,” in The Writing Systems of the World (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1989), 17-36. Jan. 25- Human Migrations and Commerce Patrick Manning, “Commerce, 3000 BCE to 500 CE,” in Migration in World History (New York: Routledge, 2005), 77-91. Part II: New Ideas and New Empires (800 BCE-200 CE) Jan. 27- Chinese Thought and Society Roger Ames, “The Confucian Worldview: Uncommon Assumptions, Common Misconceptions,” in Asian Texts-Asian Contexts: Encounter with Asian Philosophies and Religions, ed. D. Jones and E. R. Klein (Albany: SUNY Press, 2010), 31-46. Selections from the Analects of Confucius (trans. Ames). Feb. 1- Reconsideration of Indian Society and Religion Peter Hershock, “Buddhist Philosophy as a Buddhist Practice,” in From Africa to Zen: An Invitation to World Philosophy, ed. Robert C. Solomon and Kathleen M. Higgins (New York: Rowen and Littlefield, 2003), 239-254. Feb. 3- Greek Society, Thought and Empire Feb. 8- Rome Feb. 10- The Ancient Silk Roads Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters, Ch. 2 (“The Era of the Ancient Silk Roads”). The Mission to the West by Zhang Qian Part III: Growth of World Religions (200-800) Feb. 15- Buddhism in China 4 Peter Hershock, “Early Developments in Chinese Buddhism,” and “The Early History of the Chan Tradition,” in Chan Buddhism: Dimensions of Asian Spirituality (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005): 46-80. “Hui-neng (638-713), Autobiography (complete) from the Platform Sutra,” in Zen Sourcebook: Traditional Documents from China, Korea and Japan, ed. Stephen Addiss, with Stanley Lombardo and Judith Roitman (Indianapolis, Cambridge: Hackett Publishing, 2008): 19-30. Feb. 17- Early Christianity Pliny the Younger and Emperor Trajan, Correspondence on Early Christians Feb. 22- Christianization of Europe Gregory of Tours, Conversion of Clovis Conversion of Prince Vladimir of Kiev, in the Russian Primary Chronicle Feb. 24- Midterm Exam Mar. 8- Origins and Early Expansion of Islam Annemarie Schimmel, Islam: An Introduction (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992), 11-50. Mar. 10- Islam and the Silk Road Richard Foltz, “The Islamization of the Silk Road,” in Religions of the Silk Road (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), 89-109. Yaqut, Description of Baghdad. Mar. 15- Overview: Religious Developments in Eurasia Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters, Ch. 3 (“Missionaries, Pilgrims and the Spread of World Religions”). Part IV: Expansion, Conflict and Trade (800-1200) Mar. 17- The Indian Ocean Network “An Early Age of Commerce in Southeast Asia, 900-1300 CE,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40 (2009): 221-265. Mar. 22- The Expansion of Islam in West Africa Kevin Shillington, “Trans-Saharan Trade and the Kingdom of Ancient Ghana,” in History of Africa, Revised Edition (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995), 78-89. Al-Bakir on the Kingdom of Ghana in 1067 CE. Mar. 24- The Crusades Helen J. Nicholson, “Crusading Expeditions to the Holy Land, 1095-1291,” in The Crusades (Westport, London: Greenwood Press, 2004), 1-20. 5 Bentley and Ziegler, pp. 405-411; 487-496. Al-Bakir, Islam in the Kingdom of Ghana Mar. 29- Arab and European Views of Each Other during the Crusades Fulcher of Chartres, “Frankish Settlers in the East, in A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, trans. Frances Rita Ryan (Knoxville, 1969), 271-272. Usama b. Munqidh, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades: Memoirs of Usamah Ibn-Munqidh, trans. Philip K. Hitti (Princeton, 1987), 159-171. Part V: Empire and World Systems (1200-1450) Mar. 31- The Mongol Empire David Morgan, “Chingiz Khan and the Founding of the Mongol Empire,” in The Mongols (2nd. ed., 2007), 49-73. Apr. 5- Travelers in the Mongol Empire Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo (New York: The Orion Press, 1958), chapters 6-14. Ibn Battuta, The Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 1325-1354, trans. C. Defrémery and B. R. Sanguinetti, ed. H. A. R. Gibb (Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint, 1986), 325-359. Apr. 7- The Mongols and Cross-Cultural Exchange Thomas Allsen, “Technician Transfers in the Mongolian Empire,” The Central Eurasian Studies Lectures 2 (Bloomington: Indiana University Department of Central Eurasian Studies, 2002). Thomas Allsen, “Ögödei and Alcohol,” Mongolian Studies 29 (2007): 1-12. Apr. 12- Indian Ocean Network, 1200-1450 Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters, Ch. 5 (“Toward a New World Order”) Tansen Sen, “The Formation of Chinese Maritime Networks to Southern Asia, 1200-1450,” Journal of the Social and Economic History of the Orient 49 (2006): 421-453. Apr. 14- China and the Indian Ocean: The Voyages of Zheng He Primary Sources for Zheng He’s Voyages, in Edward L. Dreyer, Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405-1433 (New York: Pearson, Longman, 2007), 187199. Apr. 19- Last Meeting-Review for Final Exam Apr. 21, 12:00 noon- Final Exam 6