Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – Articulations and Muscular System
ARTICULATIONS and MUSCULAR SYSTEM
PART #1 – ARTICULATIONS
1.
Introduction
A.
Articulation
B.
2.
Arthrology
C.
Kinesiology
D.
Rheumatology
Structural Classifications for Joints
A.
Fibrous Joints
•
i.
Suture
ii.
Gomphosis
a.
iii.
B.
Periodontal ligament
Ligament
Cartilaginous Joints
i.
ii.
C.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Symphysis
a.
Symphesis pubis
b.
Annulus fibrosis of Intervertebral disk
Synchondroses
a.
Costal Cartilages
b.
Epiphyseal plates (Growth plates)
Synovial Joints
i.
Anatomical Characteristics
a.
Synovial Cavity
b.
Articular Capsule
•
Synovial Membrane
*
•
Synovial Fluid (SF)
Fibrous Capsule
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – Articulations and Muscular System
iv.
c.
Articular Cartilage
d.
Accessory Ligaments
•
Extracapsular Ligaments
•
Intracapsular Ligaments
e.
Menisci
f.
Bursae
g.
Fat Pad
Synovial Joint Movements Note: Know all examples given in class in
preparation for the lab practical. See your text as well for support)
a.
Gliding
b.
Angular
•
Flexion
•
Extension
•
Hyperextension
*
Examples: antebrachium, lower leg, vertebral
column, cervical vertebrae
•
Abduction
•
Adduction
*
c.
Examples: arm, leg
Rotation (example: rotation of arm)
•
Medial Rotation
•
Lateral Rotation
d.
Circumduction (example: glenohumeral joint, coxal joint
e.
Special
•.
Inversion (Example: feet)
•
Eversion (Example: feet)
•
Dorsiflexion (Example: feet)
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – Articulations and Muscular System
4.
•
Plantar Flexion (Example: feet)
•
Protraction (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle, head)
•
Retraction (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle, head)
•
Supination (Example: palms of hand)
•
Pronation
(Example: palms of hand)
•
Elevation
(Example: mandible, pectoral girdle)
•
Depression
(Example: mandible, pectoral girdle)
Major Body Articulations
A.
Humeroscapular (Shoulder) Joint
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
B.
Coxal (Hip) Joint
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
C.
Articular Capsule
Coracohumeral Ligament
Glenohumeral Ligaments
Transverse Humeral Ligament
a.
Subscapular bursa
b.
Subdeltoid bursa
c.
Subacromial bursa
d.
Subcoracoid bursa
e.
subacromial bursa.
Articular Capsule
Iliofemoral Ligament
Pubofemoral Ligament
Ischiofemoral Ligament
Capitate Ligament
Acetabular Labrum
Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
“Sub-Joints”
a.
Intermediate Patellofemoral
b.
Lateral Tibiofemoral Joint
c.
Medial Tibiofemoral Joint
Articular Discs
a.
Medial Meniscus
b.
Lateral Meniscus
•
Transverse Ligament
•
Coronary Ligaments
Intraarticular Ligaments
a.
Tibial Collateral Ligament
b.
Fibular Collateral Ligament
c.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
d.
Posterior Cruciate Ligaments
Articular Capsule
Anterior Accessory Ligaments
a.
Medial and Lateral Patellar Retinacula
b.
Patellar Ligament
Posterior Accessory Ligaments
a.
Oblique Popliteal Ligament
b.
Arcuate Popliteal Ligament
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Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – Articulations and Muscular System
vii.
Bursae
a.
b.
c.
Anterior Bursae
•
Prepatellar Bursa
•
Infrapatellar Bursa
•
Suprapatellar Bursa
Medial bursae
Lateral Bursae
PART #2 – MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction
A.
Muscle Tissue
B.
Muscular System
Muscular Orientation
A.
Origin
B.
Insertion
C.
Belly (Gaster)
Group Actions
A.
Agonists
B.
Antagonists
C.
Synergists
D.
Fixators
Naming of Skeletal Muscles - (Memorization of these examples in not
encouraged. But when you see a muscle name, you are expected to be able to
identify what information is inherent within the name)
A.
Direction of Fibers
i.
Terminology
•
•
Rectus
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Transverse
Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – Articulations and Muscular System
•
ii.
B.
Examples (What is the direction of the fascicles for each muscle?)
•
Rectus abdominis
•
External Oblique
•
Transverse abdominis •
Orbicularis oculi
Examples (The name communicates what location?)
•
Temporalis
•
Frontalis
•
Occipitalis
•
Pectoralis Minor
•
External Intercostals
•
Internal Intercostals
•
Iliacus
•
Orbicularis oris
Number of Origins
i.
Examples (The name communicates how many origins?)
•
D.
Triceps Brachii
Examples (The following muscles will have what shapes?)
•
Deltoid
•
Rhomboideus Major
•
Serratus Anterior
•
Trapezius
Origin and Insertion
i.
F.
•
Biceps Brachii
Shape
i.
E.
Orbicularis
Location
i.
C.
•
Oblique
Examples (Identify the origin and/or insertion of each)
•
Sternocleidomastoid
•
Supraspinatus
•
Choracobrachialis
•
Infraspinatus
Action
i.
Examples (What are the actions for each muscle below?)
•
Massater (Mastication = chewing)
•
Levator Scapulae
•
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Depressor Labii Inferioris
Anatomy and Physiology I Student Outline – Articulations and Muscular System
•
•
Adductor Magnus
Pronator teres
PART #3 – Muscles and Groups - Pull out Muscle Groups Handout
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