Ecology Review Packet
ECOLOGY UNIT KEYSTONE ASSESSMENT
Student Review Packet
1.
Match the living parts of an ecosystem with the examples below. Write the correct letter on the line to
the right of each example.
A = producer
B = primary consumer C = secondary consumer
D = decomposer
A tree: producer
A hawk eating a lizard: secondary
consumer
A squirrel eating a nut: primary
consumer
A grasshopper eating
Grass: primary consumer
Bacteria changing dead
plants to nitrates: decomposer
A human eating lettuce: primary
consumer
A frog eating a
Grasshopper: carnivore
Bracket fungi decaying
a stump:decomposer
2.
Complete the following sentences by writing the correct word or words from the word bank in the space
provided.
Word Bank: autotrophs
biome
biotic
ecology
ecosystem food chain
heterotroph
a. A(n) biome is an area characterized by certain living things and a certain climate.
b. A(n) food chain is a pathway of food through an ecosystem.
c. ecology is the study of how the living and nonliving things in an ecosystem affect each other.
d. The living parts of an ecosystem are the biotic parts.
e. Plants get needed nitrogen mostly from substances called nitrates
f.
autotrophs are living things that make food.
g. A(n) ecosystem is a combination of the living and nonliving things in an area.
h. Living things that get their food by eating other living things are heterotrophs
3.
Choose the type of symbiosis from the word bank that best matches each statement below.
Word Bank:
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
Mutualism: Protists inside termites digest the wood the termites eat.
Parasitism: A mosquito “bites” you.
Commensalism: Protists live inside a mosquito but do not harm the mosquito.
Commensalism: Orchids grow on trees to capture more sunlight. The tree is not harmed.
Modified from BCPS
1
nitrates
Ecology Review Packet
Mutualism: Bacteria in a lump on the clover root change nitrogen into a form used by clover and get a place to live.
Parasitism: A fungus uses some of a tree’s nutrients.
Mutualism: An alga and a fungus live together. Both benefit each other.
Parasitism: A tick gets food from the blood it removes from a dog.
4.
Use the word bank below to fill in the blanks for the following environmental issues statements.
Word Bank:
Acid Precipitation
Global Warming
Deforestation
Greenhouse Gases
Ozone Depletion
Endangered Species
Pfiesteria
a. As a result of ozone depletion more ultraviolet radiation will reach the earth’s surface.
b. Continued development and habitat destruction is increasing the number of endangered species
c. Carbon dioxide and methane are examples of greenhouse gases
d. pfisteria is a microscopic algae often thought to be the cause of lesions (sores) on fish throughout coastal regions.
e. An increase in the release of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere may result in an increase in the
Earth’s average surface temperature, called global warming
f.
Rain, hail, sleet, or snow that has a pH lower than normal may be considered an example of acid precipitation
g. As a result of deforestation there will be an increase in the amount of surface runoff and erosion from the land.
5.
CARBON CYCLE: Match the following components of the carbon cycle to the appropriate letter in the
diagram.
B: carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C: decomposition
E: combustion (burning of fossil fuels)
A: photosynthesis
D: cellular respiration
B
C
A
E
6. Place a plus sign (+) next to the component of the
carbon cycle if it adds carbon dioxide to the
atmosphere and minus sign (-) next to the component
if it removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
D
Add: decomposition
Add: combustion
Remove: photosynthesis
Add: cellular respiration
Modified from BCPS
2
Ecology Review Packet
7.
NITROGEN CYCLE: Match the following components of the nitrogen cycle to the appropriate letter in the
diagram.
A
C
a: nitrogen gas in the atmosphere
B
d: absorption of nitrates by plants
C: nitrogen fixation by lightning and
soil bacteria
b: denitrification
e: ammonification (nitrogen fixed
as ammonium)
f: bacteria convert ammonia to nitrates
D
E
F
8.
WATER CYCLE: Match the following components of the water cycle to the appropriate letter in the
diagram.
B: precipitation
A
A: condensation
C: evaporation
D: transpiration
B
G: surface water
D
E: runoff from the surface
E
C
F: seepage and infiltration to groundwater
G
F
9. Fill in the paragraph:
Biome
Organism
Population
Biosphere
Community
Ecosystem
An individual is also known as an 1. organism When organisms of the same species are together they form a 2.
Populations. Many populations together create a 3. Community. An ecosystem is all the abiotic and biotic factors in an
area. When ecosystems share the same climate, they become a 4. biome All the biomes create a 5. Biosphere.
Modified from BCPS
3
Ecology Review Packet
10.
Complete the table below using information from the map and your textbook.
Biome
TROPICAL
FOREST
DESERT
DECIDUOUS
FOREST
Location
on map
Average precipitation
per year
Some common plants
and animals
f
68-88F
e
High: 20C to 40C 2-26 cm
Low: -18C to -10C
b
-30C to 30C
75-150 cm
Oaks, squirrels, foxes
c
-20C to 30C
50-130cm
Elephants, grasses, lions
a
-54C to -21C
30-84cm
Bears, wolves, conifers
d
-34C to -12C
15-25 cm
Grasses, polar bears, artic foxes
GRASSLAND
TAIGA
TUNDRA
Temperature
Range
>25cm
Snakes, monkeys, broad leaved
trees
Cacti, foxes, lizards
BIOME MAP OF NORTH AMERICA
D
A
B
C
F
E
Modified from BCPS
4
Ecology Review Packet
11.
Use this food web to answer the questions below:
hawk
fungus
rat snake
small
lizard
oriole
bird
grasshopper
plant
hawk
a. List the following from the food web above. Then use this information to
fill in the energy pyramid.
b.
Rat snake
Producer(s): plants
Primary consumer(s) : grasshopper
________________________________________________________
Small lizard/
bird
Secondary consumer(s): small lizard and oriole bird
_______________________________________________________
grasshoppers
Tertiary consumer(s): rat snake
Apex Predator: hawk
plants
c. Tell whether the organisms above are
Producers, Carnivores, omnivores, herbivores, or decomposers
Plant: producer
Hawk: omnivore
Lizard: carnivore
Rat snake: carnivore
Fungus: decomposer
Grasshopper: herbivore
12. How does the energy amount change among the different trophic levels? By consuming other organisms
13. In what form(s) is energy lost from the pyramid? heat
14. How does the biomass amount change among the different trophic levels? 10%
Modified from BCPS
5
Ecology Review Packet
Use the diagram of the ocean food web below to answer Numbers 13 and 14.
15.
OCEAN FOOD WEB
Which of these organisms is not an omnivore?
A herring
B shrimp
C blue whale
D killer whale
16. Improvements in fishing techniques have led to an
increase in the amount of herring harvested in recent decades.
What would be a direct effect of increased harvests of herring?
A The blue whale population would decrease.
B The herring gull population would increase.
C The killer whale population would increase.
D The shrimp population would increase.
The energy pyramid below shows the flow of energy through the organisms in a Maryland river.
Use the diagram to answer Numbers 17 through 19.
17.
Which of these organisms are the producers in the river ecosystem?
A algae
B minnows
C trout
D zooplankton
ENERGY PYRAMID SHOWING
FLOW OF ENERGY
18. If the trout population were over fished, which population of
organisms would most likely increase as a direct result?
A algae
B minnows
C trout
D zooplankton
19.
Which level of the pyramid represents the largest percentage of available energy?
A algae
B minnows
C trout
D zooplankton
Match the following definitions to their vocabulary word
20. An organism’s role/job niche
a. Heat
21. An organisms that has a broad niche generalists
b. Specialist
21. An organism that has a narrow niche specialists
c. Trophic level
22. Organisms position on a food web trophic level
d. Generalists
23. 10% of energy is lost between trophic levels as
heat
Modified from BCPS
e. Niche
6
Ecology Review Packet
Modified from BCPS
7