CPR REVIEW SHEET
Check for Life Threatening Conditions
Help can’t wait
Disease Transmission- use guidelines to greatly reduce the risk of getting or
transmitting an infectious disease while giving first aid
Protection:
 Avoid direct or indirect contact
 Use protective breathing barriers
 Use disposable gloves
 Wash hands in warm soapy water as soon as possible
Barriers to action




Presence of bystanders
Uncertainty about victim
The nature of the injury or illness
Fear of doing something wrong
ADULT
Emergency action plan
1.
2.
3.
CHECK – the scene, then check the victim
CALL – 9-1-1 the most important step you can take in a life threatening situation
CARE – for the victim until EMS personnel arrive
Immediate threats include:




Unconscious - determine unresponsiveness
Not breathing - open airway, look, listen, feel SIGNS OF LIFE for 10 seconds , attempt to ventilate
- 2 slow breaths
Severe bleeding - look for blood spurting
Shock - Restless, irritable, altered level of consciousness, nausea, pale moist skin, rapid breathing,
excessive thirst _ DO NOT GIVE THEM ANYTHING TO EAT OR DRINK
If the victim is conscious
A victim who can speak or cry is conscious, breathing and has a heartbeat. However, the person
may
still have a life threatening condition that requires calling EMS personnel. For instance, a person may have
difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain, or may drift in and out of consciousness.
 During the check step, check for life threatening conditions
 When possible the victim should always be checked in the position they are found. Do not move
unless it is unsafe or necessary to give care.
 Call 9-1-1
 Until the EMS arrive
 Do a head to toe exam for secondary or non life threatening injuries
 Monitor breathing and consciousness
 Help the victim rest in the most comfortable position
 Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated
 Reassure the victim
 Provide any specific care needed
2
CHILD OR INFANT
Emergency action plan
1.
2.
3.
CHECK – the scene, and then check the victim
CARE – for the victim for at least 2 minutes then call
CALL – 9-1-1 the most important step you can take in a life threatening situation






Survey the Scene
Determine Unresponsiveness
Open the Airway – Look, Listen and Feel for Signs of life for 10 seconds
Give 2 rescue breaths (checking for an obstructed airway)
Check for pulse for 10 seconds, while looking for bleeding
Provide care for 2 minutes before going for help ( If someone is available
send immediately to call)
Recognizing Breathing Emergencies
Respiratory Distress
 Asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, anaphylactic shock, childhood respiratory diseases
 By recognizing a problem and taking action you may prevent respiratory arrest
Respiratory Arrest





Survey the scene
Determine unresponsiveness
Open the airway (HEAD LIFT, CHIN LIFT) sometimes the tongue is blocking the airway –
LOOK-LISTEN-FEEL for 10 seconds
If the victim is not breathing – give 2 slow breaths. Each breath should last only 1 second and only
be enough to make the chest gently rise
Check for a pulse. If a pulse is still present but the victim is not breathing, provide RESCUE
BREATHING Adult 1 every 5 seconds - Child and Infant 1 every 3 seconds
Special Considerations for Rescue Breathing






Air in the Stomach – too much air, head not tilted back enough air in the stomach can make them
vomit.
Vomiting – roll to the side, clean out mouth and reposition
Mouth to Nose – breath through nose keeping mouth closed, open mouth to let air escape
Mouth to Stoma – a stoma is a hole at the front of the neck through which an individual can breathe
Victim with Dentures – do not remove unless they are loose and causing a bad seal
Victims with a suspected, Head, Neck or Back Injury – do not move unless life threatening. LIFE
OVER LIMB
Recognizing an Obstructed Airway





A person cannot cough, breathe, or speak, assume the airway is obstructed
A person with a complete airway obstruction may clutch his or her throat. This gesture is the
universal signal of choking.
Position yourself behind the victim and give them 5 back blows then wrap your arms around his
waist. Place your fist, thumb side in, in the middle of the abdomen just above the navel. Deliver 5
quick upward thrusts into the abdomen. (ADULT AND CHILD)
For an INFANT -use 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts.
These thrusts will compress the abdomen, forcing air in the lungs out through the airway to push an
object out.
2
3
Unconscious Airway Obstruction


Be alert for a victim who may become unconscious and collapse to the floor
In an unconscious victim, you position the victim so that the tongue does not block the airway. Tip
the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat
If during your checking for signs of life -- you attempt to ventilate and determine that the airway is
blocked (breathes will not go in), reposition the head and attempt to ventilate again to ensure it is
not the tongue blocking the airway
Reattempt to ventilate – if the air still won’t go in, give up to 5 chest thrusts (Adult and Child).
Then lift the tongue and jaw and sweep the mouth at the base of the tongue, open the airway and
look for obstruction. Continue until airway is open or help arrives
Use chest thrusts on the infant and do a visual search
Nothing found- give 2 breaths and continue chest thrusts and visual search




Cardiac Emergencies
Signs and Symptoms






Heart attacks are caused by a blockage of the arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen
rich blood
The most prominent symptom of a heart attack is chest pain lasting longer than 5 minutes
Pain may radiate into the neck, shoulder and arms
Pain may be described as uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, crushing or tightness in the chest
Other signs are breathing difficulties, sweating, nausea and general ill appearance
A victim of cardiac arrest is unconscious, not breathing and without pulse
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation should be Started Immediately:





CPR = Supplying the brain with enough oxygen until help arrives
A = Open the airway, head tilt chin lift. Look listen and feel signs of life for 10 Seconds
B = Breathing, if they are not breathing attempt to ventilate, 2 slow breaths. If the air does not
go in attempt again
C = Check pulse on the carotid artery (Adult and Child), on the upper arm brachial pulse
(Infant), on the side closest to you. Check for no longer than 10 seconds. DO NOT RUSH
THIS. Make sure you do not have a pulse.
BL = Check for bleeding
If the Victim is not Breathing and Without a Pulse Begin CPR with Cardiac
Compressions 30-2 Adult, Child, and Infant
CPR Should Only Be Stopped When:





The heart starts beating
Someone else takes over
The scene becomes unsafe
You are too exhausted to go on
When the EMS personnel arrive and take over. Do not stop until they tell you to.
3
4
CONSCIOUS CHOKING
HAND POSITION
COMPRESSION
DEPTH FOR
ABDOMINAL
THRUSTS
CYCLES PER
MINUTE
ADULT
BACK BLOWS &
ABDOMINAL THRUST
THUMB SIDE OF FIST
JUST ABOVE NAVAL
CHILD
BACK BLOWS &
ABDOMINAL
THRUST -THUMB
SIDE OF FIST JUST
ABOVE NAVAL
5 QUICK UPWARD
THRUSTS
5 QUICK UPWARD
THRUSTS
INFANT
BACK BLOWS &
ABDOMINAL
THRUST -THUMB
SIDE OF FIST JUST
ABOVE NAVAL
HEAD & NECK
5 BACK BLOWS
5 CHEST THRUSTS
UNTIL OBJECT IS OUT,
EMS ARRIVES,
PERSON BECOMES
UNCONSCIOUS
UNTIL OBJECT IS
OUT, EMS ARRIVES,
PERSON BECOMES
UNCONSCIOUS
UNTIL OBJECT IS
OUT, EMS ARRIVES,
PERSON BECOMES
UNCONSCIOUS
RESCUE BREATHING
ADULT
HAND POSITION
BREATHS
CYCLES PER
MINUTE
CHILD
1 HAND ON HEAD &
OTHER ON CHIN
1 EVERY 3 SECONDS
20 BREATHS
INFANT
1 HAND ON HEAD &
OTHER ON CHIN
1 EVERY 3 SECONDS
20 BREATHS
UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
HAND POSITION
COMPRESSION
DEPTH
NUMBER OF
COMPRESSIONS
BREATHS
CYCLE PER
MINUTE
ADULT
2 HANDS ON LOWER
HALF OF STERNUM
INFANT
2 FINGERS BELOW
NIPPLES
2 INCHES
CHILD
1 OR 2 HANDS ON
LOWER HALF OF
STERNUM
1 1/2 INCHES
30 -COMPRESSIONS
WITH A MOUTH
CHECK
2 AFTER MOUTH
CHECK
UNTIL OBJECT
REMOVED,
BREATHING ON
OWN, EMS ARRIVES
30-COMPRESSIONS
WITH A MOUTH
CHECK
1 AFTER MOUTH
CHECK
UNTIL OBJECT
REMOVED,
BREATHING ON
OWN, EMS ARRIVES
30 CONPRESSIONS
WITH A MOUTH
CHECK
1 AFTER MOUTH
CHECK
UNTIL OBJECT
REMOVED,
BREATHING ON
OWN, EMS ARRIVES
½ TO 1 INCH
CPR REVIEW CHART
HAND POSITION
COMPRESSION
DEPTH
RATIO OF
COMPRESSIONS TO
BREATHS
CPR CYCLES PER
MINUTE
ADULT
CHILD
INFANT
TWO HANDS ON
LOWER HALF OF
STERNUM
ONE OR TWO
HANDS ON LOWER
HALF OF STERNUM
TWO FINGERS ON
LOWER HALF OF
STERNUM
1 ½ - 2 INCHES
1 – 1 ½ INCHES
½ TO 1 INCH
30:2
30:2
30:2
5
5
5
4
5
AED






-First thing to DO- TURN ON DIFIBULATER
Do not touch a victim while analyzing
Do not touch victim while defibrillating
Do not use alcohol to wipe victims chest
Do not defibulate around flammable materials
Do not use in a moving vehicle
Do not use on a person making contact with water – dry as much as
possible
 Do not use adult pads on a child under 55 pounds
 Remove nitroglycerin patches with a gloved hand
 Do not use cell phones
AED—AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DIFIBULATION
AED available
_ Adult Child ( age 1-8 or < 55 pounds )
Analyze
Shockable
Non-shockable
Give 1 shock
Resume 5 cycles or
About 2 minutes of
CPR
Resume 5 cycles or
about 2 minutes of
CPR
ANALYZE
Shockable
Non-Shockable
Give 1 Shock
Resume 5 cycles or
About 2 minutes of
CPR
Monitor for 2 minutes
Reanalyze
If at any time an obvious sign
of life is found:
Stop CPR, Place in recovery position
And monitor breathing
5