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TERM
Abbn
MEANING
Away, without permission, from your station or place of duty.
absent without leave
AWOL
Example: As a result of his personal difficulties, the young
soldier went AWOL.
A type of call to the MEDEVAC helicopter, indicating mortal wounds
or ailments. Compare priority, tactical emergency.
absolute emergency
Example: Because of the degree of devastation, the battalion
commander declared an 'absolute emergency'.
A point on a buffer zone (BZ) boundary, where the police stop
vehicles to check the drivers' and passengers' passes.
access point
The ability, permission, and opportunity to obtain knowledge
of classified information. Some people are prevented by security
measures from having access to classified information.
access to classified
information
Example: The clerk was considered a security risk and was therefore
denied access to classified information.
accidental attack
An unintended attack which occurs without being commanded at a
national level. It can be a direct result of a random event, such as a
mechanical failure, a simple human error, or an unauthorized action by
a subordinate.
accountability
The obligation on an officer or other person to keep accurate records
of property, documents, or funds. The person having this obligation may
or may not have actual possession of the property, documents, or funds.
accounts officer
One of the civilian administrators in a PKO's finance section - may also
be Finance Officer.
A measure expressing the closeness of a grouping of shots
around the centre of a target.
accuracy of fire
acoustic intelligence
acoustic mine
Example: The circumstances and terrain posed extreme
difficulty for all concerned, as a result the accuracy
of fire was degraded and the attack ineffectual.
ACINT
Information derived from the collection and processing
of acoustic phenomena.
A mine with an acoustic circuit which responds to the
acoustic field of a ship or sweep.
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The employment of electronic devices, including sound-recording,
receiving, or-transmitting equipment, for the collection of information.
acoustical surveillance
Example: Acoustical surveillance was deployed and the submarine was
quickly tracked down.
Direct defensive action taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce
the effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly
forces and assets. It includes the use of aircraft, air defence
weapons, and electronic warfare.
active air defence
Example: Once the troops and installation were in position
on the island an active air defence was quickly established.
Aircraft currently engaged in flying missions. These aircraft
may be directly assigned to operational units or be involved
in the logistic processes of supply, maintenance, or modification.
active aircraft
Example: As a result of the mission, the number of active aircraft the
enemy was able to deploy was significantly reduced.
The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks
to deny a contested area or position to the enemy.
active defence
Full-time operational duty in the military service.
active duty
AD
Example: When the war was over, he was retired from
active duty and took up a post at the MODD.
A mine actuated by the reflection from a target of a signal
emitted by the mine.
active mine
The time at which units supplies etc really arrive, in contrast
to the estimated time of arrival, which is a projection.
actual time of arrival
ATA
Example: The ETA was 1800; however, with favourable conditions the
ATA was fortunately 1743.
actual time of
departure
ATD
The time at which units supply, etc are really departing, in contrast
to the estimated time of departure.
The process used in artillery and naval gunfire to obtain the correct
bearing, range, and height of a burst (if time fuses are used)
when a target is being engaged by direct observation.
adjustment of fire
Example: The gunnery officer made an adjustment of fire, which was
immediately more effective and produced impressive results.
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Office where all paperwork for personnel is handled.
Administration &
Personnel
A&P
Administration Unit - AU-EM
Established Missions
Example: On arrival he reported to Administration & Personnel,
where he received instructions to report immediately for duty.
A generic term covering any of the following PKO departments
dealing with established missions: Personnel Management &
Support Service, Field Administration & Logistics Division,
Office of Planning & Support.
Example: Following his injuries he was assigned AU-EM duties
at the Field Administration & Logistics Division.
Administration Unit - AU-SM
Special Missions
A generic term covering any of the following PKO departments
dealing with special missions: Personnel Management &
Support Service, Field Administration & Logistics Division,
Office of Planning & Support.
administrative officer
AO
A civilian responsible for administrative tasks.
Administrative
Support Unit
ASU
A generic term covering any of the following PKO departments:
Logistics & Communications Service, Field Administration &
Logistics Division, Office of Planning & Support.
advance force
A temporary grouping within an amphibious task force which precedes
the main body to the objective area. Its function is to participate in
preparing the objective for the main assault by conducting such
operations as reconnaissance, seizure of supporting positions,
minesweeping, preliminary bombardment, underwater demolitions,
and air support.
A detachment sent ahead of the main force to ensure its
uninterrupted advance. Its duties are to:
a. Protect the main body against surprise attack.
advance guard
b. Facilitate the advance by removing obstacles and repairing
roads and bridges.
c. Provide cover for the deployment of the main
force if it is committed to action.
Example: An advance guard was quickly mobilized
to deter the enemy from advancing that evening.
advance party;
advance team
A team whose duties are (a) to make a reconnaissance of an area in
order to assess the availability of accommodation and logistic resources
and establish a list of essential items and facilities which cannot be
obtained in that area, and (b) to prepare for the changeover or rotation
between national contingents.
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A base located in or near an operational area whose primary
mission is to support military operations.
advanced base
Example: The advanced base was soon overcome and the mission
progressed to the main target area.
advanced landing
field
advanced operations
base
aeromedical
evacuation
An airfield, usually having minimum facilities, in or near
an objective area.
AOB
AE
A small temporary base established near or within a
joint special operations area. Its function is to command, control,
and/or support training or tactical operations.
The use of air transportation for the movement of patients under
medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities.
Example: The injured were AE'd to the support area for treatment.
A member of a force commander's personal staff who helps
the FC with his or her duties.
aide-de-camp
ADC
Example: The ADC had made effective arrangements and the
admiral's visit went very smoothly.
A state of readiness or precautionary measures in expectation
of an enemy attack from the air.
air alert
Example: The raid was conducted during an air alert, which
hampered progress and limited manoeuvrability.
air attack
See 'coordinated air attack'.
Stores, equipment, or vehicles which do not form part of the
aircraft, but which are included in its payload.
air cargo
Example: As a result of the manoeuvre, the air cargo quickly
detached and was lost.
air controller
Another term for 'air traffic controller'.
air corridor
A restricted air route specified for use by friendly aircraft
and established for the purpose of preventing friendly
aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces.
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air defence
AD
All defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy
aircraft or missiles in the earth's atmosphere, or to nullify
or reduce the effectiveness of such attacks.
Example: AD assets were sufficient for the task; nevertheless, the
opportunity was wasted and the enemy scored successes.
1. A specifically defined airspace in overseas missions for
which air defence must be planned and provided.
2. An airspace of defined dimensions designated by
the appropriate agency, within which the ready control
of aircraft is required in the interests of national security
during an air defence emergency.
air defence area
Example: An air defence area was quickly established
to protect the corridorand the deployment commenced.
Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets
from the ground.
air defence artillery
ADA
Example: Following the attack, ADA assets were depleted
and the effectiveness of the operation significantly impaired.
Air Defence Control
Centre; Air Defence
Operations Centre
ADCC;
ADOC
The principal information, communications, and operations
centre for the supervision and coordination of all aircraft,
anti-aircraft operations, air defence artillery, guided missiles,
and air warning functions over a specific area of air defence
responsibility.
Example: The ADOC was quickly neutralized and
confusion reigned.
The air transport and landing of personnel and equipment.
air delivery
air liaison officer
Example: There would be an air delivery to replenish supplies
and ammunition.
.
ALO
An officer with flying expertise attached to a ground unit,
who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander
on air operation matters.
Support for an operation by means of air transport, including
air supply, the movement of personnel, the evacuation of
casualties, and the recovery of equipment and vehicles.
air logistic support
Example: The unit would be deployed to provide air logistic support.
air point of
disembarkation
The destination airport.
APOD
Example: The APOD was located close to the theatre of operations and
the facility proved ideal.
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air point of
embarkation
APOE
The departure airport.
The acquisition of information by means of visual observation
from aircraft, and/or the use of sensors in aircraft.
air reconnaissance
Example: Effective air reconnaissance on the part of the
enemy resulted in the unit's quick detection.
The navigable airspace between two points, identified
in accordance with flight rules.
air route
A guard who watches for incoming hostile aircraft or missiles.
air sentry
Example: The facility would serve as an air sentry and buy time for
the retreating forces.
air strike
An airborne attack against any tactical or strategic target
(but not including support for friendly troops on the ground).
air supply
The delivery of cargo by aircraft, either by airdrop or landing.
All forms of protection and assistance given by air forces
to operations on land or sea.
air support
Example: Air support would be provided by 1 Sqn Harrier
aircraft deployed nearby.
The systematic observation of all aircraft and missiles in an
airspace by electronic, visual or other means, primarily
for the purpose of identifying and determining their movements.
air surveillance
Example: As a result of effective air surveillance within theatre
the enemy's activities were closely monitored.
air surveillance officer
ASO
An individual responsible for coordinating and maintaining
an accurate, current picture of the air situation within
an assigned airspace area.
The regulation of movements of aircraft in an airspace.
air traffic control
ATC
Example: ATC procedures were not followed and the
accident was the result.
A service provided for the purpose of:
air traffic control
service
ATCS
a. Preventing collisions between aircraft, or collisions between aircraft
and obstacles on the ground.
b. Regulating the movements of aircraft to maintain an orderly flow.
Example: The facility would provide an ATCS for the exercise and
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prove extremely effective.
A person especially trained for and assigned to the duty
of air traffic control.
air traffic controller
air transport liaison
officer
ATLO
An officer attached to a headquarters or unit who has the
duty of communicating with other units on matters
regarding the movement of personnel or equipment by air.
airborne
abn
Describes personnel, troops, or ground units whose
special training or primary mission is to make assault landings
from the air, either by parachuting or touchdown.
A force composed primarily of ground and air units organized,
equipped, and trained for airborne operations.
airborne force
The organized movement, by air, of combat forces and
their logistic support into an objective area for the purpose
of executing a particular mission.
airborne operation
Example: The mission then became an airborne operation and
was quickly concluded.
airborne warning &
AWACS
control system
A military surveillance system, carried by aircraft, that is
capable of tracking a large number of other aircraft
from a great distance.
Example: The AWACS aircraft was quickly deployed to
monitor the situation and report on progress.
aircraft carrier
CV
A warship designed to support and act as a base for aircraft.
An aircraft carrier can also engage in attacks on targets
afloat or ashore, and in sustained operations in support of other forces.
aircraft commander
AC
The aircrew member officially designated as being in
command of an aircraft and responsible for its safe
operation and accomplishment of the assigned mission.
airdrop
A parachute jump or a supply delivery by parachute from
an aircraft in flight. In logistics, the term vertical
replenishment is sometimes used instead.
Example: An airdrop was arranged and the supplies
were eventually received by that means.
airfield traffic
All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an airfield and
all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an airfield.
Example: Fortunately, airfield traffic was light at the time
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and theclearance process rapid..
An operation to carry troops and equipment over long distances by air
in order to bring them into crisis areas rapidly.
airlift
Personnel and planes involved in carrying out airlifts
airlifters
Example: Fighters were deployed to protect the airlifters
and the mission was a success.
airmobile troops
Airborne troops which can be delivered into a battle zone by helicopter.
The use of aircraft, including helicopters, and boats to try
to save people in danger at sea.
air-sea rescue
ASR
Example: The ASR helicopter was deployed immediately and
the survivors rescued without delay.
airspace control
system
ACS
The organizations and personnel, together with their policies,
procedures, and facilities, involved in ensuring the safe, efficient, and
flexible use of airspace.
Example: ACS staff were called upon to investigate the matter to
determine the cause of the incident.
Special restrictive measures applied to segments of airspace of
defined dimensions.
airspace restrictions
Example: Because of local airspace restrictions, the aircraft
had to climband maintain height for the remainder of their passage.
air-to-air guided
missile
air-to-surface guided
missile
Allied Command
Europe
A guided missile launched from an aircraft, for use
against airborne targets.
A guided missile launched from an aircraft, for use against
targets on land or sea.
ACE
One of the two major military commands of NATO, covering
an area from the northern tip of Norway to the eastern
border of Turkey. Its primary role is to guarantee the
security and territorial integrity of NATO member states.
The distribution of limited resources among competing requirements.
allocation
Allowance & Payment
Officer
Example: The unit's allocation of ammunition was insufficient for the
task.
APO
One of the civilian administrators in a PKO's finance section.
The letter A in the phonetic alphabet.
ALPHA
Example: Alpha Two Zero was deployed in support of
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his colleague and proved extremely effective.
alternate airfield
An airfield specified in the flight plan to which a flight may
proceed when it becomes inadvisable to land where
originally intended. The airfield of departure may be an alternate
airfield.
alternate command
post
Any location designated by a commander to assume
command post functions in the event that a command post becomes
inoperative. This may be the command post of a subordinate unit. It may
be lacking in the normal levels of equipment and manning.
ambulance
A special vehicle used for taking ill or injured people to hospital.
ambulance post
AP
An ambulance with a driver and a medic.
If someone is lying or waiting in ambush, they are hiding
and waiting for someone in order to attack them.
ambush
Example: Sadly, the party was then ambushed in the open and all
were lost.
ambush patrol
A military patrol that is hiding and waiting in ambush.
Infantry bullets/projectiles for use with small arms, cannons,
and mortars, plus combat grenades and pyrotechnics.
ammunition
ammo
Example: The troops were low on ammo and, as a result, had
to limittheir response.
ammunition dump
A place where ammunition is stored.
Used for describing military operations or forces that are
launched or landed from the sea in order to carry out actions
on land.
amphibious
Example: Amphibious forces were deployed and their
capability proved decisive.
The principal type of amphibious operation that involves
establishing a force on a hostile or potentially hostile shore.
amphibious assault
Example: The amphibious assault was a success and the
mission quickly concluded.
amphibious force
AF
An amphibious task force and a landing force together with
other forces that are trained, organized, and equipped
for amphibious operations.
Example: The AF came under attack subsequently and
many craft were lost.
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A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force.
The force is embarked in ships or other craft with the primary
purpose of introducing a landing force ashore to accomplish the
assigned mission.
amphibious operation
Intended to destroy or defend against enemy aircraft.
anti-aircraft
AA
Example: The force then came under AA fire and had to re-route.
Artillery intended to destroy or defend against enemy aircraft.
anti-aircraft artillery
AAA
anti-aircraft machine AAMG
gun
Example: Bravo Four Four then turned its attention on the
AAA facilityand destroyed it.
A machine gun mounted on a special carriage and used for air defence.
anti-ambush drill
Military actions to be taken when caught in an ambush.
anti-armour
helicopter
Another term for an anti-tank helicopter.
anti-lift device
A device designed to detonate the mine to which it is attached,
if the mine is disturbed. An anti-lift device can also be designed
to detonate another mine or charge nearby.
anti-personnel mine AP; Apers
A mine designed to injure or kill soldiers who are on foot.
Anti-personnel mines can present an enormous danger
to the civilian population (eg in Cambodia, Afghanistan).
Anti-personnel mines are also known as 'bouncing betties'.
Example: The soldier spotted the ARs and immediately
warned his comrades.
anti-tank barrier
Any object which is used for stopping the movement of tanks,
eg a wrecked car, specially designed steel bars.
anti-tank ditch
A ditch for defence against armoured vehicles.
anti-tank guided
missile
AGM;
ATGM
A guided missile designed to destroy or damage enemy tanks
and large military fighting vehicles.
Any kind of anti-tank weapon controlled by a guidance system.
anti-tank guided
weapon
ATGW
Example: The unit deployed ATGWs, which proved extremely
effective against the advancing forces.
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A helicopter which is mainly equipped with anti-tank weapons, for use
in the destruction of armoured targets. Anti-tank helicopters support
ground forces in anti-tank measures. Anti-tank helicopters are also
called 'tank killers'.
anti-tank helicopter
anti-tank mine
anti-terrorism
AT; Atk
AT
A mine used for anti-tank measures. Often laid in addition
to other mines.
Defensive measures to reduce the vulnerability of individuals
and property to terrorist acts, including limited response
and containment of the threat by local military forces.
Compare 'counterterrorism'.
Example: The government introduced anti-terrorism measures
without delay and deployed units specializing in counter-terrorism.
.
anti-terrorism
awareness
Fundamental knowledge of the terrorist threat and of
measures to reduce personal vulnerability to terrorism.
area assessment
The collection of specific information about an area that a
commander is required to undertake upon assignment to that
area and continuously after that. It can confirm, correct, refute,
or add to previous intelligence acquired from area studies
and other sources.
Example: Once he had completed an area assessment, the
commander deployedhis forces appropriately.
The bombing of a target which is a general area rather
than a small or pinpoint target.
area bombing
Example: The tactic deployed was that of area bombing.
A command which is composed of those organized elements from
one or more of the Armed Services that have been designated
to operate in a specific geographical area, under the authority
of a single commander.
area command
Example: The general was given an area command on
completion of his staff duty at the MOD.
Area Control Centre
area coordination
group
ACC
A unit established to provide air traffic control services to
flights in control areas under its jurisdiction.
A composite organization, including representatives of local
military, paramilitary, and other governmental agencies and
their counterparts, which is responsible for planning and
coordinating internal defence and development
operations in a given area.
Example: Having been given command of the area
coordination group, the colonel did not waste time
in developing an overall strategy.
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Measures taken before, during, or after hostile action, to
reduce the probability of damage and to minimize its effects.
Area damage control can also be applied in relation to
naturalor man-made disasters.
area damage control
Example: Effective area damage control measures were taken,
which quickly restored order.
A geographical area in which a commander is directly
capable of influencing military operations, by means of
manoeuvres or fire support.
area of influence
Example: Unfortunately, the incident was outside his area
of influence and he was unable to take evasive action to
protect his remote forces.
(In peacekeeping) a line between areas of influence drawn
by various parties (including the UN) in order to clarify the situation on
the ground for themselves. Such lines do not involve
any formal agreement and are in fact seldom
widely accepted.
area of influence line
Example: The area of influence line passed directly
between the 2 locations and therefore posed a potential
problem to the peacekeeping forces.
An area allocated to a commander in which the
commander is responsible for the provision of intelligence
within the means at the commander's disposal.
area of intelligence
responsibility
area of interest
area of limitation in/of
armaments
Example: The designated control zone was within the
commander's area of intelligence responsibility, as a result
he was able to collect the necessary information
and report accordingly.
AOI
AOL
The area of concern to a commander, including the
area of influence and areas adjacent to it, and extending
into territory held by parties to the conflict.
An area established immediately adjacent to a buffer zone.
The usual arrangement is for the two sides to agree on an
equal presence of small, lightly-armed forces each in its own AOL.
Example: The 2 AOLs were somewhat remote from each
other and therefore liaison was difficult.
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area of operation
AOO
AO
That portion of an area of conflict that is required for the
conduct of a peacekeeping operation. Each AOO is assigned a
commander who is responsible for it.
Example: The unit's AOO was extensive and control
of entry proved problematic.
area of responsibility
AOR
The geographical area associated with a combatant command,
within which a combatant commander has authority to
plan and conduct operations.
Another term for a 'buffer zone'.
area of separation
AOS
Example: The AOS designated proved to be ideally
suited to the operation and was an effective buffer zone
within the theatre of operations.
A suspension or temporary cessation of hostilities by agreement
between belligerent powers.
armistice
Example: Accordingly, an armistice came into force at
midnight and hostilities ceased temporarily.
armistice demarcation
line
ADL
A dividing line between territories to which the parties have
agreed in an armistice agreement. An ADL is more formal
than a ceasefire line and usually becomes a de-facto border.
Example: The armistice demarcation line was breeched and it
was not long before the temporary ceasefire ended.
Used for describing weapons that are able to penetrate armour.
armour-piercing
Example: When the unit switched to firing armour-piercing
shells, the effect was dramatic.
armour vest
A vest made from special protective material which
offers a high protection level. An armour vest is part of
the personal equipment of each soldier.
armoured ambulance
A special armoured vehicle used for taking ill or injured
people to hospital.
armoured car
A lightly armoured vehicle, usually mounted with a turret,
that is used for military reconnaissance, combat support,
and security.
armoured engineer
vehicle
Another term for a combat engineer vehicle.
AEV
Example: The AEV proved to be an effective combat engineer
vehicle and was further deployed for this purpose.
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A category of vehicle including tanks, armoured cars,
infantry fighting vehicles, armoured personnel carriers,
and combat engineer vehicles.
armoured fighting
vehicle
armoured infantry
combat vehicle
AICV
A vehicle similar to an armoured personnel carrier, with the
addition of firing ports through which the infantry can fire
their weapons from inside the vehicle.
Example: He was injured when the AICV came under fire
and there was little anyone could do to save him.
armoured personnel
carrier
APC
A lightly armoured, highly mobile vehicle, often with tracks, that
is used primarily for transporting personnel and their
individual equipment during tactical operations.
Example: It was decided to deploy APCs that were better
equipped to handle the terrain.
armoured
reconnaissance
vehicle
A vehicle equipped with high-frequency radios and special
optical equipment, such as a thermal imager, for use
in reconnaissance patrols.
armoured recovery
vehicle
An armoured vehicle, with tracks, designed for rescue
and recovery operations under battlefield conditions.
An enlisted man responsible for the maintenance of small
arms and machine guns.
armourer
Example: The needed the skills of an armourer; however,
none were available at the time and contingency measures
had to be taken.
1. All the weapons and military equipment that a
country or group possesses. (The term is also used in relation
to types of weapons; for example, one can speak of a
country's nuclear armoury).
armoury
2. A place where weapons and other military equipment
are stored.
Example: The armoury was destroyed with a single hit and
all hostilities ceased forthwith.
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1. Any plan, arrangement, or process, based on explicit
or implicit international agreement, governing any
aspect of the following:
a. The numbers, types, and performance characteristics
of weapon systems.
arms control
b. The numerical strength, organization, equipment,
deployment, or employment of the armed forces of the
parties to the agreement. Arms control also
encompasses disarmament.
2. Measures taken to reduce instability in a
military environment.
Example: Arms control measures were quickly introduced.
The resulting arms control treaty was introduced and
arms control became the order of the day.
A comfortable peace quickly followed.
arms control
agreement
The written or unwritten acceptance of one or more arms
control measures by 2 or more nations.
Any specific action taken in pursuit of arms control.
arms control measure
Example: That particular arms control measure
proved ineffectual; however, the Agreement overall proved decisive.
arms limitation
agreement
An agreement between parties to a ceasefire, on either side
of a buffer zone, regarding the numbers or types of weapons
that they hold.
army corps
A tactical unit larger than a division and smaller than an
army. A corps usually consists of 2 or more divisions,
together with auxiliary arms and services (such as
reconnaissance, artillery, anti-tank, anti-aircraft
and maintenance supports).
Example: The army corps was brought in to lend support
and the move
was decisive in the outcome of the campaign.
army group
The largest formation of military land forces, normally
comprising 2 or more 'numbered' armies or army corps
under a designated commander.
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assault echelon
The element of a force that is scheduled for initial assault on the
objective area.
assault helicopter
Any helicopter which supports ground forces in their operations,
by delivering troops or equipment, by assisting anti-tank
defence measures etc. Examples of assault helicopters are
the Apache and the Blackhawk.
An area near the port of embarkation, where troops are
gathered before embarking for a mission, or before withdrawing
from a theatre.
assembly area
Example: The assault echelon were earmarked for early
deployment by the army group commander and were positioned
within the assembly area awaiting orders..
(In intelligence use) any instrument, person, or other resource
at the disposition of an intelligence organization
for use in an operational or support role. The word is often used
with a qualifying term, eg 'agent asset' or 'propaganda asset'.
asset
Example: He proved a valuable asset who complemented the
whole and developed into an effective propaganda asset
in the long term.
Deputy of team of military observers tasked with monitoring
specific areas.
assistant chief
military observer
ACMO
assistant chief of
personnel and
logistics
ACPL
assistant chief of staff
Assistant Chief of
Staff
(Logistics)
attachment
Example: He was tasked with reporting to the ACMO and
with resolving the situation with due haste.
ACOS
G1, G2
G3, G4
G5
Deputy of section responsible for HR and supply.
Any of several military officers, each in charge of a
different department, eg Administration & Personnel, liaison,
or operations. These departments are classified as: G1
(personnel), G2(intelligence), G3(operations & training),
G4 (logistics) and G5 (civil affairs).
Example: Because of the shortfall in senior officers at that
time, he was appointed ACOS with responsibility for the
G1 and G5 departments.
Second-in-command at an HQ responsible for Supply & Logistics.
ACOS
/LOG
Example: The ACOS (Logistics) at the time was an effective
commander who ran a tight ship.
The placement of units or personnel in an organization in order
to carry out temporary or secondary functions.
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Example: He was sent on attachment to a unit overseas.
attack group
A subordinate task organization of the naval forces of
an amphibious task force. It is composed of assault shipping and
supporting naval units designated to transport, protect,
land, and initially support a landing force.
Example: With the attack group in support the operation
was both efficient and effective.
A helicopter specifically designed to accommodate various
weapons for attacking and destroying enemy targets.
attack helicopter
Example: With attack helicopters bringing up the rear the
mission progressed smoothly, despite the attack-helicopter
force being quite modest in size.
1. The location or source from which an attack was initiated.
2. The nation initiating an attack.
attack origin
Example: The attack origin was as yet unknown; however,
there were severalpossibilities among the surrounding countries.
The last position occupied by the assault echelon before crossing
the line of departure.
attack position
Example: When the assault echelon left its attack position, the
unit came under prolonged attack.
authenticate'
A challenge given by voice or electrical means to verify the
authenticity of a message or transmission.
1. A security measure designed to protect a communications
system against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission by
establishing the validity of the transmission or its originator.
2. A means of identifying individuals and verifying their
eligibility to receive specific categories of information.
authentication
3. Evidence that a document is genuine and official, provided
by a proper signature or seal.
4. The process, during escape and evasion, whereby the
identity of an escaped or recovered person is confirmed.
Example: Authentication would be required and the authorizing
officer located without delay. Should all else fail, the
senior officer present should authorize the action and notify his
superiors accordingly.
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A rifle that can fire repeatedly without the need to pull
the trigger more than once.
Example: A burst of automatic fire was heard from the enemy
location, which immediately caused concern. The unit
had not been aware that the enemy possessed automatic weapons,
albeit an old automatic rifle had been discovered during
an earlier mission .
automatic rifle
A weapon that can fire repeatedly without the need to pull
the trigger more than once.
automatic weapon
An air or ground route taken by an attacking force on the way
to its objective, or to key terrain in its path.
avenue of approach
AoA
Example: A suitable avenue of approach would need to be
decided prior to the action commencing.
backfill
background radiation
Reserve units and individuals that are recalled to replace
deploying active units or individuals.
Nuclear (or ionising) radiations to which individuals are
always exposed, arising from within the body and
the general environment.
Example: The level of background radiation was acceptable;
however,caution would still be necessary during the advance.
backstopping function
The overall direction, assistance, and guidance given to
peacekeeping operations by various Headquarters, departments
and offices, including administrative, personnel and logistic
support, purchasing and accounting services etc.
Example: Peacekeeping personnel were briefed accordingly
with regard to their backstopping function, so that all were prepared.
back-up supply
A further supply to last for the duration of the mission, as
a shipment to be sent later.
Example: Back up supplies were issued, nevertheless, and proved
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invaluable during the mission.
A bomb dropped by a plane.
ballistic bomb
ballistic missile
ballistic protection
Example: The enemy deployed ballistic weapons during the
raid and these proved effective with ballistic bombs falling
like rain on the land forces trapped below, who were
also under ballistic-missile attack at the time.
Any missile which does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces
to produce lift and consequently follows a ballistic trajectory
when thrust is terminated.
Techniques for the protection of personnel (and materiel)
against projectiles of all kinds, such as protective blankets
for vehicles or personal protective gear (jackets, helmets, trousers etc).
Example: The degree of ballistic protection available within
the vehicle was insufficient for the task in hand.
ballistic trajectory
The trajectory of a missile etc., after the propulsive force
is terminated and the missile is acted upon only by gravity
and aerodynamic drag.
Example: The ballistic trajectory of the projectile took
it low over mountainous terrain.
bar mine
An anti-tank mine.
barbed wire
A type of strong wire with sharp points on it, used for
preventing people or animals from entering or
leaving a place, especially a field
Example: Barbed wire was used to secure the boundary.
Weapons fire designed to fill a volume of space or a whole
area rather than aimed specifically at a precise target.
barrage fire
Example: A barrage of fire was the enemy response; moreover,
because of its effectiveness the enemy utilised the tactic of
barrage fire again and again to deplete the enemy.
barrier
Any object used for stopping the movement of vehicles.
barrier forces
Air, surface, and submarine units, together with their supporting
systems, that are positioned across the likely courses of
expected enemy transit. Their function is to provide early detection and
rapid warning, blocking, and destruction of the enemy.
Example: The enemy's barrier forces proved decisive in the
action and were effective in stopping the advance.
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A pole used at permanent vehicle checkpoints to stop traffic.
barrier pole
Example: The barrier pole was raised as the vehicle approached.
base commander
(In base defence operations) the officer assigned to command a base.
base defence
Military measures, required to nullify or reduce the effectiveness
of enemy attacks or sabotage on a base, thus ensuring that
the maximum capacity of its facilities is available to the
forces it is supporting.
Example: Base-defence measures were immediately taken
to protect the new facility from enemy attack.
Essential or background information concerning the
general situation, resources, capabilities, and vulnerabilities
of foreign countries or areas.
basic intelligence
Example: Reliable sources provided basic intelligence
throughout and this assisted the task greatly.
The supplies and equipment provided to support the
execution of approved operational plans for an initial
predetermined period.
basic stocks
Initial training for recruits.
basic training
Example: Following a period of basic training, recruits are
given leave to preparefor the more advanced training to follow.
A plastic or rubber bullet intended to hurt
but not kill people.
baton round
Example: The police had no alternative but to use baton
rounds to quell the riot.
A military unit consisting of 3 or more companies and comprising
approximately 600 men .
battalion
BATT
BAT
Battalion Aid Post
BAP
Example: When his forces came under sustained attack, the area
commander had no alternative but to deploy the reserve BATT
and hope the increase in fire power would make the difference .
A medical facility with at least one doctor and other medical
staff that provides medical support to the battalion and
carry out evacuations.
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An officer in command of a battalion, ie approximately 600 men.
battalion
Battalion
CO
commanding officer
battery
Example: The Battalion's commanding officer had no alternative
and he reflected on the difficulties that battalion COs
face in such situations.
A tactical and administrative artillery unit/sub-unit (corresponds to a
Company, or similar unit, in other branches of the Army.
Example: The battery was ordered to respond without delay.
Another term for battle stress reaction.
battle fatigue
Example: Suffering from battle fatigue, the soldier made haste
to relocate his unit.
battle map
Map showing ground features in sufficient detail for tactical
use by all forces, usually on a scale of 1:25000.
battle reserves
Reserve supplies accumulated by an army, detached corps, or
detached division in the vicinity of the battlefield, in addition to
unit and individual reserves.
battle stress reaction;
battle shock reaction
Nervous or psychological reactions, stress symptoms etc,
experienced by soldiers as a reaction to situations that place
extraordinary pressure upon them.
Example: The officer put the soldier's response down to
battle-stress reaction and considered the matter closed.
battlefield
surveillance
Systematic observation of the battle area for the purposes of
providing timely information and combat intelligence.
battleship
A very large military ship with significant fire power.
bazooka
A long tube-shaped gun, fired from the shoulder, which is used
for firing missiles, mainly at military vehicles.
biographical
intelligence
That component of intelligence that deals with knowledge of
particular individuals, specifically foreign individuals of
actual or potential importance in a conflict.
Example: He was eventually traced following the receipt
of effective biographical intelligence, which led to his capture.
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A micro-organism that causes disease in personnel, plants,
or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel. The term
refers mainly to micro-organisms that have been deliberately
released or propagated.
biological agent
Example: He was killed by an unknown biological agent
that had been secretly deployed by the enemy.
biological ammunition
biological & chemical
warfare
Ammunition whose primary active component is a biological agent.
A warfare using bacteria or viruses of toxins to destroy men
and animals or food, as well as chemical agents to kill or
injure or incapacitate the enemy.
BCW
Example: The unit was equipped to deal with biological and
chemical warfare; however, a nuclear threat would be cause for
concern.
biological defence
The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing
and executing defensive measures against attacks using
biological agents.
biological
environment
Conditions found in an area resulting from direct or persisting
effects of biological weapons.
biological threat
A credible possibility of a plan to deploy biological agents
with the aim of producing casualties in personnel or animals,
or damage to plants.
biological weapon
An item of materiel which projects, disperses, or disseminates
a biological agent, including small animals infected with
a biological agent.
A temporary shelter (not a tent) for sleeping outside in.
bivouac
bivvy
Example: The patrol therefore decided to bivvy down for the
night and prepare for the task to come.
A small light tent just big enough for one or two people to lie in,
known as a 'bivvy'.
bivouac (tent)
bivvy
Example: Despite being designed for just one person, the
bivvy was adequate emergency accommodation for the pair.
blast
The brief and rapid movement of air, vapour, or fluid away
from a centre of outward pressure, as in an explosion
or in the combustion of rocket fuel. Also used to refer to the
pressure accompanying this movement, and, in
common use, to the explosion itself.
Example: Although the vehicle survived the blast, its camouflage
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was destroyed and it was now extremely vulnerable.
blast wave
A sharply defined wave of increased pressure that originates
at the centre of a detonation, explosion, etc., and is rapidly
propagated through the surrounding medium.
An area that you are not able to see or where you are not
able to receive radio signals.
blind spot
Example: The vehicle now entered a blind spot and he temporarily
lost sight of the pursuers.
blockade
A procedure whereby a belligerent nation prevents the access
of vital shipping to its enemy's coast, so that the supply of foodstuffs
and war materials is disrupted.
Example: The blockade was effective and led to a quick surrender.
blocking position
A defensive position sited in such a way as to deny the enemy access
to a given area or to prevent the enemy's advance in a
given direction.
Example: Having moved into an effective blocking position
the unit gained the initiative.
UN soldiers.
blue berets
Example: A platoon of blue berets appeared and quickly quelled
the disorder.
Naval operations in the open sea or ocean. Compare 'brownwater operations', 'green-water operations'.
blue-water operations
Example: The craft was equipped for brown-water operations; however,
the blue-water environment would prove a different matter.
Another term for a bullet-proof vest.
body armour
bombardment
bona fides
Example: The blue berets were equipped with body armour, which
had limited the number of casualties.
An attack involving the continuous use of bombs, shells, or missiles.
(In evasion and recovery operations) good faith established
between individuals who are unknown to one another, by
means of verbal or visual communication to confirm
identity or sincerity.
Example: The bona fides were sound, nevertheless, and the
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'plant' was able to operate effectively in relative security.
booby trap
A device intended to kill or maim an unsuspecting person
who disturbs it. It is normally disguised as or hidden by
an apparently harmless object.
border control
A capability of denying passage across a border and enforcing
a closed border. Compare 'border monitoring'.
border crosser
An individual, living close to a frontier, who normally has to
cross the frontier frequently for legitimate purposes.
A place to go across from one side of a border to the other.
border crossing point
BCP
Example: As he approached the BCP he could make out the blue berets
and immediately felt secure in his actions.
border monitoring
The capacity to observe and report movements across a border,
without full border control. Border monitors are not in a
position to check the nature of goods crossing the border.
boundary
A line that delineates different geographical areas for the
purpose of facilitating operational coordination and
avoiding operational conflicts between adjacent units,
formations, or areas.
Another term for an anti-personnel mine.
bouncing betty
Example: Sadly, he then stepped on a bouncing betty and was killed.
BRAVO
The letter B in the phonetic alphabet.
The act of crossing over water barriers.
bridging water
barriers
Example: The company was bridging water barriers at the time,
which left it vulnerable to attack.
A process prior to an operation, whereby the units involved are
informed about operation goals, the situation, special orders, etc.
brief back; briefing
brigade
BDE
A unit, usually smaller than a division, to which 3 or 4 battalions, plus
other groups or smaller units may be attached, as dictated
by anticipated requirements.
Example: The BDE was positioned close to the front line for the
purposes of operational readiness.
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The commanding officer of the proposed United Nations
High-Readiness Brigade. He or she would be appointed for 2 years.
Brigade Commander
Patrol operations in rivers or the mouths of rivers, for
example to monitor a border.
brown-water
operations
Example: Once the unit was in theatre, brown-water operations
commenced to great effect.
One of the civilian administrators within a PKO finance section.
budget officer
buffer zone
Example: He reported the matter to the PKO, specifically to
the budget officer, who would be required to take appropriate action..
BZ
UNBZ
A neutral space created by the withdrawal of both hostile
parties, in which the parties agree not to deploy military forces.
The ceasefire lines on either side of the buffer zone, often
marked with fences or wire, indicate the agreed
forward limits of the contending forces. The ceasefire lines are
observed and patrolled by the peacekeeping force, and
the buffer zone itself may be placed under the control of a PKO. A
buffer zone is sometimes known as an 'area of separation'.
Example: It would be necessary to create a BZ. Accordingly, a UN BZ
was established that would be the responsibility of the PKO.
bug (1)
A concealed microphone, listening device, or other
audio-surveillance device.
To install a concealed microphone, listening device, etc
in a suitable location.
bug (2)
Example: It was agreed that the unit's office would be bugged.
Accordingly, a bug would be installed by the team at the
earliest opportunity.
A garment worn on the upper body that is capable of resisting
the impact of a bullet. The term 'body armour' is also used.
bullet-proof vest
bunker
bypass
Example: Suitable body armour would be necessary to protect the
individuals involved and the team was promptly issued
with bullet-proof vests.
A shelter, usually underground, that has strong walls to protect the
people inside it from bullets and bombs.
A manoeuvre which involves moving around an obstacle, position,
or troops so as to maintain the momentum of an advance.
Example: The commander instructed the advancing forces to
bypass the village as it was not a strategic obstacle.
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A request for weapons fire containing the data necessary for the
fire to be on target.
call for fire
call sign
Example: To assess the situation prior to the attack, the fire-control
officer called for fire from the armoured division in support
of the operation..
CS
Any combination of characters or pronounceable words that
identifies a communications facility, a unit, an action etc. Call signs
are used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications.
Example: X-Ray 14 was instructed to descend and report level at
3000 feet, then change to operational CS 'predator' and acknowledge.
To read aloud the names of all the people on a list to
make certain that they are present.
call the roll
Example: The unit commander then instructed the young sergeant
to call the roll.
Metal spikes for damaging vehicle tyres.
caltrops
Example: The patrol then quickly deployed caltrops close to the exit
to prevent any form of quick pursuit by the vehicle.
The use of natural or artificial material to disguise personnel,
objects, or tactical positions, with the aim of confusing,
misleading, or evading the enemy.
camouflage
Example: It was fortunate that the unit had packed camouflage
material. Without adequate camouflage they would now be extremely
vulnerable.
camouflage netting
Nets coloured with a woodland pattern. They are used to hide
positions and vehicles against reconnaissance, especially
aerial reconnaissance.
camp commandant
The officer responsible for the local defence of a headquarters.
A civilian volunteer who accompanies military units,
troop movements etc.
camp-follower
Example: At that point, the camp followers were led to a secure area
for their protection.
camp-site
A military camp being used for training purposes.
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cannon
captain
A large powerful gun fixed to an aircraft, ship, or land vehicle.
An officer rank in the army, navy, and air force, as well as
in police and fire departments. The term is also used to address
the person in charge of a sea-going vessel, whatever the rank.
Example: He was then promoted to the rank of Lt Cdr and given
his own command as captain of a minesweeper.
captive
A person held or imprisoned by the enemy during a war.
The state of being a captive.
captivity
Example: The captives had been held in captivity for already for
some considerable time.
Held by the enemy during a war.
captured
carbine
cargo manifest
Example: Two days later he was captured while attempting to
cross the border.
A short light gun fired from the shoulder.
A document listing the items being transported by a ship or aircraft. The
term manifest is also used to describe the list of equipment
being taken on exercise or on an operational mission.
Example: The manifest included emergency equipment in case
of calamity.
cargo transport unit
A vehicle or freight container used for transporting supplies,
equipment, or ammunition. The cargo transport unit may be
specially adapted to the type of goods being transported.
Example: The cargo transport unit sustained a direct hit
and much equipment was lost.
A document that gives information about items being transported
by ship or aircraft.
cargo waybill
Example: The cargo way bill was checked against the unit's
manifest to ensure all requirements were aboard.
cartridge-belt
casualty
A belt with loops for holding cartridges.
Any member of personnel who is declared dead, or whose
duty status is covered by any of the following designations:
'whereabouts unknown', 'missing', 'ill', or 'injured'.
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Example: The casualties were too numerous to assess at that time;
however, there were many. It was not known whether or not the
captive had been among them, although it is very likely that she
had been a casualty of the attack.
The process of identifying casualties and moving them to a casualty
collection point; the act of picking-up casualties from the
point of injury or wound.
casualty collection;
casualty pick-up
casualty collection
point
casualty evacuation
Example: He was assigned casualty-collection duties. Having made his
way to the CCP, he and his colleagues
began the gruesome task of casualty pick up.
CCP
CASEVAC
A designated, centralized location where injured personnel may be
brought while awaiting treatment or evacuation.
The movement of injured personnel, by whatever means, to the
nearest suitable medical facility, or between medical facilities.
Example: Because of the nature of his injuries it was decided to
casevac him immediately back to base.
catalogue of medical
items for
peacekeeping
operations
A list of drugs, consumables, and equipment available in the
central UN Medical Depot in Oslo.
catering officer
An officer responsible for the provision of food.
A command given to any unit or individual, firing a weapon of
any kind, to stop engaging the target.
cease fire
Example: The order to ceasefire came soon after.
ceasefire line
CFL
The forward limit of the positions occupied by the troops of
the opposing sides at the suspension of hostilities.
The firing of weapons by either party while a ceasefire is in operation.
ceasefire violation
CFV
Example: There had been no intention on the part of the soldier
to violate the ceasefire; nevertheless, a CFV had been filed
and he knew he was in trouble.
The succession of commanding officers from a superior to a
subordinate through which command is exercised. The
term 'command channel' is also used.
chain of command
CofC
Example: The captain had been third in the CofC and there is no
question that the effectiveness of the command channel had
proved decisive.
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A means of access to a person or place, for the purpose of conveying
information.
channel of
communication
Example: The incident had temporarily interrupted the channel
of communication to great effect.
1. The amount of propellant required to fire a projectile,
ammunition round, or shell. The term can also refer to the quantity
of explosive filling contained in a bomb or mine.
charge¹
2. A quantity of explosive, prepared for demolition purposes.
To task someone with a particular responsibility.
charge²
Example: He was charged with keeping watch while the meeting took
place, and then with taking charge of security generally thereafter.
A term used to describe a disciplinary procedure.
charge³
Example: He faced a charge for the minor misdemeanour and was
subsequently charged with negligence.
CHARLIE
The letter C in the phonetic alphabet.
1. A permanent or temporary self-contained post, eg at an entry
point to a buffer zone, where troops or military police stop vehicles
and pedestrian traffic (including civilians) to check documents,
frisk passengers, search cars etc. Checkpoints are established to
stop the smuggling of arms, ammunition and explosives.
Checkpoints can be 'static' ('fixes' in French) or 'mobile' ('mobiles').
checkpoint
CP;
CHP
2. A predetermined, manned location along a marching route
where troops or convoys on the move 'check in' and are given further
instructions concerning the route ahead. A checkpoint is sometimes
called a 'control post' or 'control point'.
Example: Several CPs had been established along the route
and they approached the first with extreme caution.
chemical agent
Any toxic chemical intended for use in military operations
chemical ammunition
Ammunition whose primary active component is a chemical agent.
The use of poisonous gases and other harmful chemicals
against enemy forces.
chemical attack
Example: Once in theatre, the unit prepared for chemical attack,
albeit such use of weapons would be unlikely.
chemical defence
NBC
defence
The methods, plans, and procedures involved in
establishing and executing defensive measures against attack
utilising chemical agents.
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Example: The order to take NBC precautions was given in
readiness for a possible enemy attack.
chemical incident
report
NBC:
Chem 1
NBC1
The first report filed by military observers immediately after
a chemical attack. It gives the time and place of the attack and
is followed by further, more detailed reports.
Example: The NBC state was Chem 1; which hampered progress
through the difficult terrain.
chemical survey
The coordinated effort to determine the nature and degree
of chemical hazard in an area and to delineate the perimeter
of the hazard area.
chemical weapon
A weapon designed for, or capable of, delivering a chemical agent.
A civilian, seconded from UN headquarters in New York, who
heads the civilian administrative component of a PKO.
The CAO is responsible for all administrative functions (finance
and personnel) and technical services relative to the mission's activities.
Chief
Administrative/Admi
nistration Officer
CAO
Chief Civilian
Personnel Officer
CCPO;
CPO
The civilian in charge of personnel matters relating to the civilian
members of a mission.
CCO
The civilian counterpart to the (military) chief signals officer. The
CCO is responsible for civilian communications equipment (radio,
satellite, cryptography equipment and telephones), and for managing
the mission's communications, both within the
mission area and with UN headquarters in New York.
CEO
A civilian staff member of the UN who heads the civilian
engineering component of a mission. Working in conjunction
with the force engineer officer, the CEO is responsible for
supporting engineers in the field, accommodation and construction
services, power supply, and geographic support (ie map services).
Chief Finance Officer
CFO
A civilian who exercises delegated authority from the controller
for maintaining mission accounts and approving payments related
to the mission. The CFO supervises the Finance Section staff
and the preparation of annual cost estimates and semi-annual
programme-budget performance reports.
Chief General
Service/Section
Officer
CGSO
CGS
Chief
Communications
Officer
Chief Engineering
Officer
A civilian, who under the direction of the CAO, manages
some administrative services, namely offices (including ground
maintenance) and housing accommodation (including mess halls
and kitchens).
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Chief Humanitarian
Officer
CHO
A civilian in charge of matters concerning humanitarian relief.
Chief Logistics
Officer
CLOGO
CLO
A military officer or civilian on the force headquarters staff, who
manages planning and liaison services between military and
civilian agencies in the mission area.
CMO
Chief Medical Officer CmedO
Chief Military Liaison CMLO
Officer
Chief Military
CMO
Observer
Chief Military
Personnel
CMPAO
CMPO
(Administrative)
Officer
Chief Military
CMPIO
Public/Press
Information Officer
Chief Military
CMTO
Transport Officer
Chief Movement
Control Officer
CMCO
Chief doctor.
The military officer in charge of liaison.
The military officer in charge of an observer mission.
The military officer in charge of personnel.
The military officer in charge of press and public relations.
The military officer in charge of transportation matters.
The civilian or military officer responsible for the transportation of
personnel (eg military observers, civilian police, volunteers), for the
hiring and chartering of aircraft and ships, and for bills of lading,
customs documentation and freight forwarding.
1. A military officer appointed by the UN Secretary-General as
either the force commander or the chief military observer.
Chief of Mission
COM
2. A civilian UN staff member appointed by the Secretary-General
as his Special Representative.
Chief of Personnel &
Logistics
CPL
A UNCIVPOL police officer in charge of personnel and logistics.
The responsibility may sometimes be divided between a chief
personnel officer(CPO) and a chief logistics officer(CLO).
Chief of Procurement
Chief of Staff
Chief Operations
Officer
Chief Personnel &
Logistics Officer
See 'Chief Procurement Officer'.
COS
The military commander of UNTSO. This is the only PKO where
the title 'Chief of Staff' is still used; otherwise the term is
reserved for national military organisations.
COO
The military officer who heads the operations staff.
CPLO
Another term for the chief of personnel and logistics.
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Chief Procurement
Officer
CPO
A civilian who plans and budgets the procurement of goods
and services, controlling the bidding process, with a view to
the timely provision of rations, equipment, stores, and
contractual services. The CPO reports to the CAO and
works in coordination with logistics personnel.
Chief Signals Officer
The military officer responsible for military communications
equipment. The Chief Signals Officer is the military counterpart
to the (civilian) CCO.
Chief Transportation
Officer
A civilian who, under the supervision of the CISS, is responsible for
the allocation of vehicle transport to staff. The CTO supervises
local mechanics and drivers, and may run a pool of UN-owned
and civilian rental vehicles.
CTO
The civilian in charge of budgeting and administration.
Chief, Budget &
Administrative Unit
Chief, Buildings
Management Section
CB/AU
CBMS
Chief, Civilian Police CCIVPOL
Example: On arrival, he reported to the CB/AU, whose office was
located some way from the domestic quarters.
The civilian responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of
official premises, together with associated equipment,
appliances, and furniture.
Top policeman, head of Civilian Police.
Chief, General
Service/Section
Chief, Integrated
Support Services
See 'Chief General Service officer'.
CISS
The officer, who, together with the chief of staff, exercises joint
operational control over the logistic support system for
an entire mission.
Any cryptographic system in which arbitrary symbols (or groups
of symbols) represent units of plain text of regular length, usually
single letters. The units of plain text may be rearranged in
accordance with certain predetermined rules.
cipher
Example: He was familiar with cryptographic systems
generally; however, that particular cipher created a problem
of some magnitude.
citizens’ band
(radio)
civil administration
A radio communication system for members of the public.
CB (radio)
CA
Example: The CB radio reception was poor in that area
and therefore information had been scarce.
1. An administration established by a foreign government in
friendly territory, under an agreement with the government
of the area concerned, to exercise certain governmental functions.
2. An administration established by a foreign occupying power
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in hostile territory, which exercises executive, legislative, and
judicial authority until an indigenous civil government
can be established.
civil affairs activities
Activities performed or supported by designated military units
to enhance the relationship between military forces and
civil authorities in areas where military forces are present.
Such activities involve the application of specialist skills in
areas that are normally the responsibility of civil government.
Example: The UN forces became engaged in civil affairs
activities pending the formation of a structure suitable to
take control of the region.
civil affairs agreement
civil censorship
An agreement that governs the relationship between allied
armed forces located in a friendly country and the civil authorities
and people of that country.
The control and inspection of civilian communications, such as
messages, printed matter, and films that are entering, leaving,
or circulating within areas occupied or controlled by armed forces.
Example: While censorship had been in force, it had been
impossible for the media to communicate effectively.
All those activities and measures that are designed or undertaken to:
a. Minimize the effects upon the civilian population of an
enemy attack on their country.
civil defence
b. Deal with the immediate emergency conditions that would
be created by any such attack.
c. Carry out emergency repairs to, or the emergency
restoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or
damaged by any such attack.
Example: As a precaution, civil-defence measures were
put in force.
Group acts of violence and disorder that are prejudicial
to public law and order.
civil disturbance
Example: To divert the attention of the authorities, it had been
necessary to create civil disturbance in specified area.
civil disturbance
readiness conditions
The required state of preparation to be attained by military forces
before being deployed to an area in response to an actual
or threatened civil disturbance.
Example: As a result of that major incident, it became necessary
for the authorities to introduce civil-disturbance readiness conditions.
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Civilians, ie people who are not members of the police
or the armed forces.
civil population
Example: It was necessary to protect the civil population from
such action and appropriate measures were taken.
The production and distribution, during periods of armed conflict,
of all types of services, supplies, and equipment that are needed to
ensure the productive efficiency of the civilian economy, and to
provide to civilians the treatment and protection to which they
are entitled under customary and conventional international law.
civil requirements
Example: The first task was to assess civil requirements.
Disorderly behaviour by civilians, such as disagreements or
fighting between different groups.
civil unrest
Example: The measures were beginning to create civil unrest
and the minister was wary of exacerbating the situation.
civilian internee
CI
A civilian who is imprisoned or held in custody during armed
conflict or occupation. This may be for security reasons, for
protection, or because he or she has committed an offence
against the detaining power. The term is used to refer to persons
interned and protected in accordance with the Geneva
Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons
in Time of War, 12 Aug 49.
Example: During that period, she held the status of civilian
internee and was relocated to a civilian internee camp
some miles outside the city.
An installation established for the custody and administration
of civilian internees.
civilian internee camp
civilian
communication
officer
CCO
Another term for the chief communications officer.
civilian police unit
A division of civilian police.
civil-military
operation centre
A joint civilian-military structure established to ensure
liaison and coordination between the military, NGOs, PVOs
and the local civil administration. A CMOC is found mainly
in a PKO that contains substantial civilian elements.
CMOC
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civil-military
operations
CMO
The activities of a commander that establish, maintain, influence,
or exploit relations between military forces, governmental and
non-governmental civilian bodies, and the civilian populace in an
operational area, with a view to facilitating military operations
or achieving operational objectives.
Example: The unit was currently engaged in CMO activities
and therefore had little spare capacity.
clandestine operation
An operation conducted in such a way as to assure secrecy or
concealment. A clandestine operation differs from a covert operation
in that emphasis is placed on concealment of the operation rather
than on concealment of the identity of the sponsor.
Example: It was while he was involved in clandestine operations
that he met the lady concerned and established contact.
classified information
Official information that is designated as requiring, in the interests
of national security, a high degree of secrecy and protection
against unauthorized disclosure.
Claymore mine
An anti-personnel mine used for protecting a particular area,
eg as used by foot patrols for perimeter defence during the night.
clearing operation
An operation designed to clear or neutralize all mines and
obstacles from a route or area.
Firing close to a position.
close-fire support
Example: During the attack, artillery units in the second line
would lend close-fire support.
close protection
The use of camouflage, obstacles, anti-tank weapons, sentinels,
and patrols for protection of a unit against attack at close range.
closed checkpoint
Another term for a road block.
close support
Actions taken by a supporting force against targets or objectives
that are sufficiently near the supported force as to require
detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action
with the fire, movement, or other actions of the supported force.
closed area
A designated area in or over which passage of any kind is prohibited.
A minefield which is planned to present
such a threat that waterborne shipping is prevented from moving.
closure minefield
Example: The aim was to establish a closure minefield and thus
render the naval forces immobile.
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cluster bomb
An explosive device which throws out smaller bombs when it explodes.
coalition force
A force composed of military elements from different nations that
have formed a temporary alliance for some specific purpose.
coastal convoy
A convoy whose route is mostly situated on the continental shelf and
in coastal waters.
code of conduct
A set of principles to be followed by peacekeeping forces, such as
avoidance of unnecessary force, impartiality, transparency and
clarity of purpose, firmness, reliability, anticipation of situations
leading to violence, and integration of different nationalities.
Example: There was a code of conduct to be followed, therefore he
resisted the temptation to exact revenge.
code word
A word with a secret meaning that can be thus used both to identify
and to safeguard classified information or sensitive intelligence data.
collateral damage
Unintended damage, beyond the destruction of the enemy forces
or installations specifically targeted, to surrounding military
or non-military resources. Collateral damage is an effect of the
wide area covered by weapons fire (as opposed to the damage
caused by aiming errors).
Example: Because of the random nature of the salvo, the degree
of collateral damage had been considerable.
collecting point
A point designated for the assembly of casualties, stragglers,
disabled materiel etc, prior to movement to further collecting
points or to rear installations.
A senior rank in the army or air force.
colonel
Example: The colonel slowly rose to his feet and addressed Colonel
Harris directly.
A group of vehicles moving under a single commander over the
same route, in the same direction.
column
Example: As the column came into view to the south, the counter
attack began.
combat area
A restricted area (air, land, or sea) that is established to prevent or
minimize mutual interference between friendly forces engaged
in combat operations.
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A special naval chart, at a scale of 1:50000, designed to facilitate
naval surface-fire support and close air support during coastal or
amphibious operations.
combat chart
Example: According to the combat chart, the unit had been expected
in that area.
combat engineer
vehicle
CEV
A modified tank with a demolition gun for eliminating obstacles,
a bulldozer blade for clearing debris, plus other specialized
equipment. Also called an 'armoured engineer vehicle'.
Tasks of construction, clearance, demolition etc that assist
the tactical or operational commander to 'shape' the battle
space by enhancing mobility and creating the space and time
necessary to generate mass and speed, while protecting the
force and denying mobility and key terrain to the enemy.
combat engineering
Example: Some combat engineering would be necessary
to smooth the way; however, protecting the engineers
during this operation would prove tricky.
combat stress
combat support
Another term for battle-stress reaction.
CS
Fire support and operational assistance provided to combat elements.
combat vehicle
A vehicle, with or without armour, which is designed for a specific
fighting function. Armour protection or armaments mounted on
non-combat vehicles will not normally change the classification
of such vehicles to combat vehicles.
combat zone
That area required by combat forces for the conduct of operations.
combat-effective
Effective in fighting during a time of war.
A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission
under a single commander. Combatant commands typically have
geographic or functional responsibilities.
combatant command
Example: The combatant command authority he held,
was ample for the task.
combating terrorism
CBT
Actions, including antiterrorism and counterterrorism,
that are taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire
spectrum of threats.
Example: As a result of the incident, CBT measures were
stepped up and rigorously enforced.
combined joint task
force
CJTF
An entity approved by NATO leaders in January 1994, under
whose auspices US materiel and forces designated for NATO
operations can be made available for non-NATO activities
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in out-of--area operations, such as those NATO
humanitarian relief or peacekeeping operations
initiated by the WEU to deal with regional instabilities
or ethnic conflicts.
Example: The support of the CJTF was forthcoming and the
resources were deployed with immediate effect.
The authority that a commander in the military service lawfully
exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment.
Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively
using available resources, and for planning and controlling the
employment of military or other peacekeeping forces in pursuit of
assigned missions. It also includes responsibility for the health,
welfare, morale, and discipline of assigned personnel.
command (1)
Example: The general was subsequently given overall
command of the operation.
An order given by a commander, that is, the will of the commander
expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular action.
command (2)
Example: At the signal, the command was given to deploy.
A unit, a group of units, an organization, or an area under the
authority of one individual.
command (3)
Example: Command approval would be necessary prior to
any further action being taken.
command & control
C2
The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated
commander over the forces involved in the accomplishment of
a mission. Command and control functions are performed by the
commander through an arrangement of personnel, equipment,
and communications, plus other facilities and procedures.
Example: C2 was vested in the naval commander, who was
better placed to direct the operation from off shore.
command & control
system
The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and
personnel essential to a commander for planning, directing,
and controlling the operations of forces in pursuit of
an assigned mission.
Example: The C2 resources would include a cipher unit
to monitor enemy communications.
command channel
Another term for 'chain of command'.
command net
A communications network which connects one level of command
with some or all of its subordinate levels for the purpose
of command and control.
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Example: The message was immediately sent out on the command
net, so that all units would be aware of the arrival.
The headquarters of a unit or sub-unit, where the commander and
the commander's staff operate.
command post
command, control,
communication,
computer &
intelligence
command, control,
communication &
intelligence
C4I
Example: The AWACS would provide C4I within theatre.
C3I
commander
commanding officer
Integrated systems of doctrine, procedures, organisational structures,
personnel, equipment, facilities, and communications designed to
support a commander's exercise of command and control across
the range of military operations.
Integrated systems of doctrine, procedures, organisational structures,
personnel, equipment, facilities, and communications designed to
support a commander's exercise of command and control across
the range of military operations.
The officer or other individual in charge of a unit or operation.
CO
A commanding officer commands a unit of the size of a battalion.
A name given to a soldier or military unit that is specially trained
to conduct dangerous operations, eg special operations forces
(SOF) or the US Navy sea-air-land commandos (Seals).
commando
Example: A commando squadron was deployed from the carrier,
which was positioned just off the coast and well within the range
of the Sea King helicopters.
Military department which supplies food and equipment.
commissariat
Example: During the morning break, the 2 met in the commissariat.
The head of a military department that supplies food
and equipment.
commissary
Example: During lunch, the commissary made an appearance
and apologised for the quality of the rations.
communications &
electronics operating
instructions
CEOI
communications
centre
COMCEN
Standing operating procedures relating to the available
communications facilities, including satellite, radio,
and landline communications.
Example: According to CEOIs, the facility was not to be used during
silent-running conditions.
An agency charged with the responsibility for handling and
controlling communications traffic. The centre normally
includes transmitting and receiving facilities.
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Example: The COMCEN had been a priority target for the
enemy; however, it had survived.
communications net
An organization of receiving and/or transmitting stations capable of
direct communications on a common channel or frequency.
company
The basic administrative and tactical unit. It is subordinate to
a battalion and consists of several platoons, normally 3 or 4 rifle
platoons and a heavy weapons platoon.
COY;
coy
Example: The coy was deployed as soon as the coast was clear.
company aid post
CAP
A medical facility manned and equipped to provide advanced
first aid to casualties.
The capability of 2 or more items or components of equipment to
exist or function in the same system or environment
without mutual interference.
compatibility
Example: The compatibility factor was not a problem and all the
ammunition was useable.
An informal word for food supplies.
compo
computer security
Example: He hated compo and wished that the army would
provide better rations for its troops.
COMPUS
EC
The protection resulting from all measures to deny unauthorized
access and exploitation of friendly computer systems.
Example: There was a high degree of COMPUS EC and the
C4I systems remained secure.
Protection from observation or surveillance.
concealment
Example: The netting was utilised for the purpose of
concealment and proved highly effective.
1. An area, usually in the theatre of operations, where troops
are assembled before beginning active operations.
concentration area
2. A limited area on which a volume of gunfire is directed
within a limited time.
confirmation of
information
The reporting of an item of information for the second time,
preferably by a different reliable independent source.
Example: Confirmation of information would be important, indeed
essential, to confirm the detail passed.
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The 2 or more different countries, factions etc taking part in
a conflict. The term 'parties to the conflict' is also used.
conflicting parties
confrontation line
CL
A general line, marking on a map, etc delineating the location
where 2 opposing forces are engaged.
The positioning, movement, or general state of forces which
suggests that they are prepared or about to enter into conflict.
confrontational
attitude
Example: The enemy certainly appeared to be adopting a
confrontational attitude by assuming the new positions.
connecting route
A route which allows access between the main routes through or
around an area.
constable
A police officer of the lowest rank.
construction
engineering officer
An officer responsible for planning and management of the
construction of structures (design of structures, cost estimating,
planning and scheduling, materials procurement, equipment
selection and cost control).
CEO
The average quantity of an item consumed or expended during a
given time interval, expressed in the most appropriate unit of
measurement.
consumption rate
Example: At the consumption rate estimated, litres per hour,
the supply of fuel would soon be consumed.
A term used when tracking a target, to signify that it is temporarily
lost, but believed to be still within the area of visual, sonar or radar
coverage and therefore the termination of tracking is not warranted.
'contact lost'
A mine detonated by physical contact.
contact mine
Example: The enemy had laid contact mines at the entrance
to the river.
1. An easily identifiable point on the terrain where 2 or
more units are required to make contact.
contact point
CP
2. The position at which a mission leader makes radio
contact with an air control agency.
3. A location where an escaped
person can establish contact with friendly forces.
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In evasion and recovery operations, contact procedures are those
pre-designated actions to be taken on link-up, and prior
to link-up, between the 2 parties in, hostile territory, with a
view to facilitating the return of escaped
persons to friendly control.
contact procedures
Example: Prior to departure, the commander ran briefly
through the contact procedures.
A report indicating any kind of detection of the enemy.
contact report
Example: Once clear of the danger area, the aircraft filed
a contact report confirming the party's position.
To stop, delay, or surround the forces of the enemy, or to cause the
enemy to centre its activity on a given front, with the effect of
preventing the withdrawal of any part of the enemy forces
for use elsewhere.
contain
Example: There was a need to contain the fleet of patrol craft
within the confines of the river.
1. Damage or harm caused to personnel, areas, objects, and
structures as a result of contact with radioactive material,
or biological or chemical agents.
2. The state of food or water such that its is unfit for human or
animal consumption because of the presence of harmful chemicals,
radioactive elements, bacteria or similar organisms, waste
products, or the by-products of decomposition.
contamination
Example: To avoid contamination, NBCD measures were
implemented without delay.
An emergency involving military forces that is caused by a
natural disaster, terrorists, subversives, or by the military
operations themselves. Owing to the uncertainty of the situation,
contingencies require plans, rapid response, and special procedures
to ensure the safety and readiness of personnel, installations,
and equipment.
contingency
Example: As soon as the presence of the terrorists became
known, the contingency plan was implemented.
A military operation in which members of the Armed Forces
are or may become involved in hostilities against an enemy
or opposing force.
contingency operation
contingency operation
plan
COP
A formal directive in the same format as operation orders, designed
to meet a contingency which is expected, but not yet imminent.
Example: In accordance with the COP, the naval force was
placed on 30-minute readiness.
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The preparation of likely courses of action dealing with a range of
potential scenarios. This involves activities such as the preparation of
maps, the identification of sources of equipment and supplies, the
identification of communications needs, and the identification
of possible troop-contributing states.
contingency planning
contingent
CON
A group of troops and military units coming from a particular
nation. The term is mostly found in conjunction with the
designation of the nation, eg 'Austrian Contingent' (AUSCON),
'British Contingent' (BRITCON),'Canadian Contingent' (CANCON).
Example: The force that would respond to that particular
emergency comprised BRITCON and CANCON contingents.
contingent
commander
CCOMD
The officer in charge who commands the contingent
contingent rotation
officer
CRO
The military officer responsible for coordinating the changeover
between different national contingents.
The unbroken or uninterrupted nature of the authority of an
individual in the Armed Forces over subordinate military forces,
or the degree to which this remains unbroken, for example during
hostilities or in the event of transition between different commanders.
continuity of
command
Example: Continuity of command had been essential to ensure
the smooth transition from one combat phase to another.
continuity of
operations
COOP
The unbroken or uninterrupted exercise of the functions, tasks, or
duties necessary to accomplish a military action or mission
in pursuit of a national military strategy.
1. Weapons fire conducted at a normal rate without interruption
caused by, for example, the necessity to make
adjustments or corrections.
continuous fire
2. The loading and firing of a weapon at a specified rate
or as rapidly as is consistent with accuracy. Firing
would continue until terminated by the command 'end of mission'
or should it be temporarily suspended by the command
'cease loading' or 'check firing'.
Example: Once on the beach, the unit came under continuous
fire from enemy positions among the trees.
The maintenance of equipment, performed under contract by
commercial organizations.
contract maintenance
Example: The firm responsible for contract maintenance
had been poorly managed, which had resulted in costly delays
to the operation.
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Controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified
height above the Earth's surface.
control area
Example: During its return to base ,the aircraft had infringed
an active control area, which had placed the crew in danger.
1. Another term for a checkpoint.
2. An identifiable position marked by, for example, a buoy,
boat, aircraft, signalling device, or conspicuous feature of the
terrain. The position is given a name or number and used
as an aid to navigation or for the control of ships, boats,
or aircraft.
control point
3. A point located by a ground survey with which a
corresponding point on a photograph is matched as a check.
control post
A post which acts as a checkpoint and is responsible for
surveillance in a given area.
control tower
A building at an airport from which air traffic is observed
and directed.
control zone
A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface
of the Earth to a specified upper limit.
controllable mine
A mine which, after laying, can be controlled by the user, to the
extent of making the mine safe or live, or being able to fire the mine.
An airspace of defined dimensions within which an air traffic
control service is provided.
controlled airspace
controlled crossing
point
Example: Controlled airspace was to be established above
the site to ensure discretion. Prior to entering this airspace,
aircraft would be required to contact the controlling authority
and obtain clearance.
CCP
A border crossing point that is manned by a checkpoint; any
crossing point where movement is controlled.
Military or paramilitary forces under effective and sustained
political and military direction.
controlled forces
Example: The guerrilla forces were controlled forces and were
therefore extremely useful on the ground, given the magnitude
of the situation.
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controlled passing
A traffic movement procedure, whereby 2 lines of traffic
travelling in opposite directions are able to traverse
alternately a point or section of route that can take
only one line of traffic at a time.
Example: When it came to closing that lane of highway, so that
work could commence, a controlled-passing system was
introduced to keep the route open.
controlled port
A harbour or anchorage at which entry and departure, the
assignment of berths, and the movement of vessels within the
harbour or anchorage are controlled by military authorities.
Example: The facility had been designated a controlled port,
which would make life extremely difficult for the smugglers.
controlled route
A route that is subject to traffic or movement restrictions that
may be supervised.
Shipping that is designated as supplying transportation services
to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy forces on a global basis.
controlled shipping
Example: The seaway was extremely busy, which made the situation
tenuous for the large amount of controlled shipping in the vicinity.
A formal agreement between national leaders, politicians and
states on a matter that involves them all.
convention
Example: At the signing of the convention, the matter had
been discussed fully.
Those forces capable of conducting operations using non-nuclear
weapons.
conventional forces
Example: At that time, conventional forces only had been deployed;
however, the time had come to consider a different strategy.
conventional mine
A land mine, other than nuclear or chemical, that is not designed
to self-destruct. Conventional mines are designed to be emplaced
by hand or mechanical means. They can be buried or laid on the
surface, and are normally emplaced in a pattern as an aid to
recording their positions.
conventional weapon
A weapon which is not nuclear, biological, nor chemical.
A scale indicating the relationship between 2 different units or
systems of measurement.
conversion scale
Example: Utilising his conversion scale, he was able to
ascertain the precise level of intoxication.
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1. A number of merchant ships and/or naval auxiliaries usually
escorted by warships and/or aircraft, or a single merchant ship
or naval auxiliary under surface escort that are assembled
and organized for the purpose of passage together.
convoy
2. A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control
and orderly movement, with or without escort protection, that moves
over the same route at the same time and under one commander.
Example: Were the convoy to be attacked, there would be
serious implications for the forces under siege.
A unit assigned to accompany and protect a convoy of vehicles
from being scattered, destroyed or captured.
convoy escort
Example: The supply line would be protected effectively;
accordingly, a convoy escort would be assigned to
shadow the movement of the unit to its destination.
The specific route assigned to each convoy by the
appropriate routing authority.
convoy route
A combination of 2 or more types of attack employing, for example,
dive, glide or low-level tactics, in one strike and
deploying one or more types of aircraft.
coordinated air attack
Example: The large convoy then became the victim of a coordinated
air attack, which effectively destroyed what remained
of the relief forces.
Linear or angular quantities that designate the position that
a point or location occupies in a given reference frame or system.
The term is also used generally to designate the particular kind
of reference frame or system such as plane rectangular
coordinates or spherical coordinates.
coordinates
Example: The unit desperately needed a grid reference to
assist them in locating the crash; fortunately, the rescue
coordinating authority was able to pass coordinates
discretely by radio.
A commander or individual assigned responsibility for coordinating
specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more military
y departments, two or more joint force components, or two or more
forces of the same service
coordinating
authority
corporal
Corp
A non-commissioned officer, with the rank immediately below
that of sergeant, in an army or an air force.
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Corps
An army unit usually comprising 2 or more divisions and trained
to carry out specific tasks.
corps commander
Commander of a corps
Another term for a medic.
corpsman
Example: The medic arrived on the scene, quickly dressed
the soldier's wounds and stabilised his condition.
1. In fire control, any change in firing data to bring the mean point
of impact or burst closer to the target.
correction
2. A communication pro-word to indicate that an error in data
has been announced and that corrected data will follow.
Example: The precise words used in the message were as follows:
'BRAVO 40, descend and report level 2500 feet. Correction, BRAVO 40
descend and report level 3000 feet. Acknowledge.'
1. In air defence, the confirmation that an aircraft detected
by one method, is the same as that detected by another, or
notified by another source.
correlation
2. That process in intelligence usage to improve the reliability or
credibility of information. that associates and combines
data on a single entity or subject from independent observations.
Example: There was an urgent need to correlate the
information so that the mission could proceed. Should there be
correlation, they could depart immediately.
counterattack
counter-drug
operations
An attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy
attacking force, for such purposes as regaining ground
lost, or possibly cutting off or destroying enemy advance units.
Normally the general purpose of a counterattack is to deny
the enemy the attainment of its objective. In sustained defensive
operations, the purpose of a counterattack
would normally be to restore the battle position, thus a
counterattack would have limited objectives.
Civil or military actions taken to reduce or eliminate illicit
drug trafficking.
Example: The unit was employed on counter-drug operations
and had to remain covert.
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That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy,
neutralize, exploit, or prevent espionage activities through
the means of identification, penetration, manipulation, deception,
and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations that are
conducting or are suspected of conducting espionage activities.
counterespionage
Example: Once there was knowledge of the unit's activities in
country, counterespionage measures were introduced.
Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons, ie
counter-battery, counter-bombardment, and counter-mortar fire.
counter-fire
Example: Aware of the risks, the commander had no option
other than to authorise counter-fire to distract the enemy.
counterforce
The employment of strategic air and missile forces in an effort
to destroy, or render impotent, selected military capabilities
of an enemy force in any of the circumstances in which
hostilities might be initiated.
counter-guerrilla
warfare
Operations and activities conducted by armed forces, paramilitary
forces, or non-military agencies against guerrillas.
counterinsurgency
COIN
Military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic
actions taken by a government to defeat insurgency.
A military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological or civic
action taken to defeat insurgency.
counterinsurgency
(COIN) operation
counterintelligence
Example: Should the guerrillas' mission be detected, the
commander was certain that COIN measures would be
taken to deter their presence.
CI
Information gathered and activities conducted to protect against
espionage; other intelligence activities; sabotage; assassinations
conducted by or on behalf of foreign governments, or elements thereof;
foreign organizations; foreign persons; or international terrorism.
Example: The mission resulted in an effective CI measure.
counterintelligence
activities
The 4 functions of counterintelligence: operations, investigations,
collection and reporting; also the analysis, production and
dissemination thereof.
Example: The task included counterintelligence activities, which
would be specified by Command once they were underway.
countermine
To explode the main charge in a mine by the shock of a nearby
explosion of another mine or independent explosive charge.
countermine
operation
In land mine warfare, an operation to reduce or eliminate the
effects of mines or minefields.
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counteroffensive
A large scale offensive undertaken by a defending force to seize
the initiative from the attacking force.
counterreconnaissance
All measures taken to prevent hostile observation of a force,
area, or location.
counter-sabotage
An aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy,
neutralize, or prevent sabotage activities through identification,
penetration, manipulation, deception, and repression
of individuals, groups, or organizations who are either conducting
or are suspected of conducting sabotage activities.
A secret challenge and its reply.
countersign
Example: The countersign would be a slight motion of the hand.
That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy,
neutralize, or prevent subversive activities through the
identification, exploitation, penetration, manipulation,
deception, and repression of individuals,
groups, or organizations who are either conducting or
are suspected of conducting subversive activities.
counter-subversion
Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter and respond to terrorism.
Compare 'anti-terrorism'.
counter-terrorism
CT
Example: To complete their preparation for the task,
CT training was undertaken prior to their departure.
courier
A messenger (usually a commissioned officer or a warrant officer)
responsible for the secure physical transmission and delivery of
documents and material. A courier would generally be referred
to as a 'Command courier' or a 'local courier'.
Example: A Command courier was quickly dispatched
to deliver the documents.
courts-martial
A military court that judges those members of the armed forces
who are governed by military law.
Example: In the process he had committed a courts-martial offence.
covered route
covering fire
A route which is secured by covering forces or other
covering measures.
1. Fire used to protect troops when they are within range
of enemy small arms.
2. Fire delivered prior to an amphibious landing
to cover preparatory operations such as underwater
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demolition or minesweeping.
Example: While approaching the position the pair were
given covering fire.
1. A force operating apart from the main force for the
purposes of intercepting, engaging, delaying, disorganizing,
or deceiving the enemy before the enemy can attack.
covering force
2. Any body or detachment of troops that provides security
for a larger force by observation, reconnaissance, attack, or
defence, or by any combination of thereof.
See 'clandestine operation'.
covert operation
Example: As the mission was a covert operation, clandestine
measures would have to be taken to ensure anonymity.
The process of preventing or making certain actions more difficult.
creating obstacles
creeping barrage
Example: During the retreat, the force would create obstacles
to hinder the enemy's advance.
A barrage in which the fire of all units participating remains in the
same relative position throughout and which advances in steps
of one line at a time.
Example: Under the threat of the creeping barrage, the
commander decided to retreat to a safer position.
A terrain feature of such altitude that it restricts fire or observation
in an area beyond, resulting in dead space, or the limiting
of the minimum elevation, or both.
crest
Example: To overcome the obstacle presented by the crest
of the hill, the unit manoeuvred to the west with a view
to attacking from the flank of the oncoming force.
crew-served weapon
A weapon which has to be handled by more than one soldier.
The category includes machine guns, cannon, antitank weapons,
mortar and fire control.
Example: Because of the weight restriction, the unit could
deploy only crew-served weapons.
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1. The process involving the time-sensitive development
of joint-operations plans and orders in response to an imminent
crisis. Crisis action planning follows prescribed crisis action
procedures to formulate and implement an effective response
within the time frame permitted by the crisis.
crisis action planning
CAP
2. The time-sensitive planning for the deployment, employment,
and sustainment of assigned and allocated forces and
resources necessary in response to a situation that may
result in military operations.
Example: In response to the development, the commander
immediately called a CAP meeting involving all senior officers.
1. A key geographical point or position important to the success
of an operation.
critical point
2. In point of time, a crisis or a turning point in an operation.
Example: The advance had reached its critical point, from
hereon there would be no alternative but to attack.
critical supplies &
materiel
Supplies vital to the support of operations, which for various reasons
are in short supply or are expected to be in short supply..
critical zone
The area over which a bombing plane engaged in horizontal or glide
bombing must maintain a straight flight so that its
payload can be released accurately.
Example: The aircraft would soon reach its critical zone and level out.
Suffering from physical injury especially that suffered in battle,
which could result in death.
critically wounded
Example: He had been critically wounded during the battle
and was airlifted with other critically-wounded personnel
to the designated 'safe' area.
The transfer of information between facilities at the same
operational level.
cross tell
Example: His failure to cross tell the information received
had resulted in the other commanders in the field being
unaware of the development.
Firing guns from two or more places at the same time, so that their
lines of shooting cross.
crossfire
Example: During the advance, his unit had come under cross
fire from the enemy and had suffered heavy casualties.
crossing point
Xing Pt
XP
A designated area in or over which passage of any kind may
be controlled.
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Example: The XP was clearly defined on the map.
The associated items of cryptomaterial that are used as a unit and
provide a single means of encryption and decryption.
cryptosystem
A rule that everyone must stay at home between particular times,
usually at night, especially during a war or a period of
political trouble.
curfew
Example: To avoid the curfew, the group moved out early
to commence their mission.
Current Operations
Unit
COU
Logistics and Communications Service, Field Administration and
Logistics Division, Office of Planning and Support, Department
of Peacekeeping Operations.
1. The responsibility for the control of, transfer and movement of,
and access to, weapons and components. Custody also includes
the responsibility for maintenance and accountability of
weapons and components.
custody
2. Temporary restraint of a person.
Example: Following their capture, the offenders were placed
in safe custody.
daily intelligence
summary
DISUM
A report prepared in message form at the joint force headquarters
that provides higher, lateral, and subordinate headquarters with
a summary of all significant intelligence produced during
the previous 24-hour period.
Example: When the DISUM was received, it was evident
that the mission was close to failure.
danger area
UXO;
UXB
Specified area above, below, or within which there may
be potential danger.
dangerous cargo
Cargo which, because of its dangerous properties, is subject to
special regulations for its transport.
Database Collection
Unit
A unit of Mission Planning Service, DPKO.
Date when departed from mission area.
date departed mission
DDM
Example: The DDM was shown as 3 Sep 05.
date of arrival
DOA
Date of arrival in mission area.
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de facto boundary
An international or administrative boundary whose existence and
legality is not recognized, but which is a practical division between
separate national and provincial administering authorities.
de jure boundary
An international or administrative boundary whose existence
and legality is recognized.
dead mine
A mine which has been neutralized, sterilized, or rendered safe.
An operation in which a weapon is changed from a state
of readiness for initiation to a safe condition.
de-arming; 'safing'
Example: He proceeded to de-arm the weapon; however, while
in the process of 'safing' the weapon, he realised his error.
1. To question either someone or a group in detail about a
task completed or on return from a mission.
debrief; debriefing;
after-action
review
2. The procedure of extracting either from someone or a group,
facts, comments, or recommendations concerning
a past assignment or particular experience.
3. After-action report.
Example: During the debrief, the commander congratulated
individuals within the contingent who had
performed with merit.
deception
declassification
Those measures designed to mislead the enemy by manipulation,
distortion, or falsification of evidence to induce the enemy to react
in a manner prejudicial to the enemy's interests.
The determination that, in the interests of national security,
classified information no longer requires any degree of
protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with
removal or cancellation of the classification designation.
Example: The declassification period had expired and he saw no
reason why the documents concerned should
not be declassified.
The act of taking equipment or weapons out of use.
decommissioning
decontamination
Example: Once the war was over, those particular weapons
systems would be decommissioned and would therefore
form part of the overall decommissioning process.
The process of making any person, object, or area safe.
The safe condition is achieved by absorbing,
destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or
biological agents, or by removing radioactive material.
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decontamination
station
A building or location suitably equipped and organized where
personnel and materiel are cleansed of chemical, biological, or
radiological contaminants.
defector
A national of a country who has escaped from the control of
a particular country or who, being outside the jurisdiction and control
of that country, is unwilling to return. Such an individual could be of
special value to another country.
defence readiness
conditions
DEFCON
A uniform system of progressive alert postures for use by the
Services. Defence readiness conditions are graduated
to match situations of varying military severity, or state of alert.
Example: The submarine commander declared DEFCON 4 as
soon as the enemy's intentions became known.
deferred air attack
A procedure in which groups of attacking aircraft rendezvous
as a single unit. It is used when attack groups are launched from
more than one station and their departure on the mission is delayed
pending further orders. (Compare 'coordinated air attack').
delaying operation
An operation in which a force under pressure trades space for
time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and inflicting
maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle,
becoming decisively engaged.
The action by which a commander assigns part of his or her
authority with the assigned task to a subordinate commander.
While ultimate responsibility cannot be relinquished, delegation of
authority carries with it the imposition of a measure of responsibility.
The extent of the authority delegated must be clearly stated.
delegation of
authority
Example: Once they were in position, the commander briefed
the team and delegated certain responsibilities to
particular team members. Following the delegation
of authority, the commander gave the order for
personnel to deploy.
delivering ship
The ship in a replenishment unit that delivers the rig(s).
DELTA
The letter D in the phonetic alphabet.
demarcation line
DL
D/L
The boundary of a specific area.
demilitarised zone
DMZ
DZ
The area between the forward line of the parties, into which
they have agreed not to deploy military forces and which
may be placed under the control of a PKO.
The removal or deactivation of mines.
de-mining
Example: Once the guerrillas were defeated, the process
of de-mining commenced.
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The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military
establishment and defence-based civilian economy to
a peacetime configuration while maintaining national
security and economic vitality.
demobilization
Example: On their return, certain reserve forces were
demobilized, whilst certain active units also faced
demobilization.
An action to hinder or deny the enemy the use of space, personnel,
or facilities. It may include destruction, removal, contamination, or
erection of obstructions.
denial measure
The average number of mines per meter of minefield front.
density
Example: The density of the minefield remained unknown,
however, and while that situation prevailed, the unit
was unable to advance.
Department of
Peacekeeping
Operations
DPKO
Department with a mission to plan, prepare, manage and direct
peacekeeping operations.
depleted uranium
DU
Reduced content uranium.
1. In naval usage, the change from a cruising approach or
contact disposition to a disposition for battle.
2. The movement of forces within operational areas.
deployment
3. The positioning of forces into a formation for battle.
4. The relocation of forces and materiel to desired operational areas.
Example: During the deployment, the commander was
able to maintain contact throughout.
deployment activities
Activities regarding movement, positioning and relocation of forces to
desired areas of operations.
deployment phase
In the context of logistics, the third phase in a peacekeeping
operation, during which personnel and equipment are transported
to an area of operation.
deputy chief of
mission
DCM
A military officer or civilian who, in the absence of the SRSG, is
responsible for the operation of a mission.
deputy chief of staff
DCOS
Assistant to the chief of staff.
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deputy chief, press
and information
deputy commanding
officer
DCPI
Assistant to the chief responsible for the press
and information (civilian).
Assistant to the commanding officer. The British equivalent
is 2IC, ie the second-in-command.
DCO
deputy director civil DDCA
affairs
deputy director of
DDO
operations
deputy police
DPC
commissioner
deputy special
representative;
DSRSG;
RSRSG
resident special
representative
Example: At that time he had been 2IC and would
therefore have been responsible in the CO's absence.
Assistant to the director of civil affairs (civilian).
A police officer, assistant to the director of operations (UNCIVPOL).
A police officer, assistant to the police commissioner (UNCIVPOL).
A civilian who acts on behalf of the SRSG during his absence and
who is usually also the Head of Civil Affairs.
A person who leaves the army, navy or air force without permission.
deserter
Example: The order had been given to shoot deserters.
desired effects
The damage or casualties to the enemy or materiel that a commander
desires to inflict by means of a nuclear weapon detonation.
Damage effects on materiel are classified as light, moderate,
or severe. Casualty effects on personnel are classified
immediate, prompt, or delayed.
Example: At the briefing, the COS indicated that the desired
effects required were light in respect of materiel, but
with immediate casualties.
desk officer
Those military officers and civilians within each division of
DPKO and responsible for the administration of a peacekeeping
operation are assigned to a 'desk'. A 'desk' comprises one or more
political affairs' officers who are supported by one or more military
officers. A 'desk' can also have responsibility for a
specific geographical region.
Example: He was instructed to report to his desk officer on
arrival.
destination
The place where a container movement ceases. The destination may
be the ultimate user or consumer of container contents, a retail
supply point, or a consolidation and distribution point.
Example: The destination for the cargo had been somewhere
on the island.
destruction of supply
routes
The act of destroying routes over which supplies can be delivered.
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destructive power
detachment
The ability/force of a weapon to cause destruction or damage.
DET
(det)
A part of a unit separated from its main organization for
duty elsewhere. Also the situation of being 'detached'.
detainee
Term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise detained
by an armed force.
detainee collecting
point
Facility or other location where detainees are assembled for
subsequent movement to a detainee processing station.
detainee processing
station
Facility or other location where detainees are administratively
processed and provided custodial care pending disposition and
subsequent release, transfer, or movement to a prisoner-of-war
or civilian internee camp.
The act of discovering or determining the existence or presence
of belligerent electromagnetic radiation.
detecting belligerent
electromagnetic
radiation
The prevention from action by fear of the consequences. Deterrence
is a state of mind brought about by the existence of a
credible threat of unacceptable counteraction. A deterrent is
the means by which deterrence is achieved.
deterrent;
deterrence
Example: The nuclear deterrent would be deterrence enough;
there was no requirement for a bacterial capability at that stage.
A waterproof and flexible fabric tube containing a high explosive
designed to transmit the detonation wave.
detonating cord
Example: Once the explosive was in position, he attached the
detonating chord and retreated.
A device containing a sensitive explosive intended to
produce a detonation wave.
detonator
died of battle wound
Example: At the signal, he was to join the leads
attached to the detonator and, which would detonate
the remote explosive charge.
DOW
Medical support; patient reporting; NATO uses 'died of wounds
received in action.
Example: The message simply stated: Private Smith, DOW.
died of non-battle
wound
Medical support; patient reporting.
DNBW
Example: Near the bottom of the page, he found the evidence:
Corporal Jones, DNBW.
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died of wounds
received in action
DWRIA
Casualty category applicable to a hostile casualty, other than the
victim of a terrorist activity, who dies of wounds or other injuries
received in action after having reached a medical treatment facility.
A tool used by soldiers when making preparations, such
as digging trenches, to protect themselves from an
attack by the enemy.
digging tool
1. A mission requiring one force to support another and authorizing
that force to respond directly to the other's request for assistance.
direct support
DS
2. The logistical support given by a member state to its own
contingent deployed on a UN operation.
direct supporting fire
Fire delivered in support of part of a force, as opposed to general
supporting fire delivered in support of the force as a whole.
direct-fire zone
An area where fire is directed at a target which is visible to the aimer.
directive
Military communications in which policy is established or a
specific action is ordered governing conduct or procedure;
normally issued and signed by the highest military authority
in the operation.
Example: He had been directed to engage the enemy at the
earliest opportunity; he would be wise to obey the directive.
director, civil affairs
DCA
A civilian responsible for civil affairs.
director of operations
DO
A police officer assigned to UNCIVPOL and appointed
director of specified operations.
disarmament
The reduction of a military establishment to some level
set by international agreement.
disarmed mine
A mine for which the arming procedure has been reversed,
rendering the mine inoperative. The mine would then be safe to
handle and transport; however, it could be rearmed by simple action.
disaster control
Measures taken before, during, or after hostile action, natural
disasters or manmade disasters to reduce the probability of
damage, minimize its effects and initiate recovery.
Dismissal papers freeing someone from their obligations or duties.
discharge papers
Example: He was handed his discharge papers and told that
he was free to go.
disciplinary offence
Offence of disciplinary rules.
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Example: During the process, a disciplinary offence had been
committed. An investigation would therefore be inevitable.
Any attire that modifies the appearance in order to conceal the
wearer's identity.
disguise
Example: He would have to go in under cover and in disguise.
The disguise he chose would, however, need to be simple
and not cumbersome.
In road traffic, a roadway over which full control, both as to priorities
of use and the regulation of movement of traffic in time and space,
is exercised. Movement authorization is required for use of a
dispatch route, even by a single vehicle.
dispatch route
displaced person
DP
A civilian who is involuntarily outside the national boundaries
of his or her country.
The distribution of the elements of a command within an area,
eg the exact location of each unit headquarters and the deployment
of the forces subordinate to it.
disposition
Example: Its disposition did not suit the commander; he
therefore requested relocation and some degree of close support
in the process.
distribution point
Logistical point of issue of materiel to units.
distribution system
A system of facilities, installations, methods and procedures designed
to receive, store, maintain, distribute and control the flow of
materiel between the point of reception into mission area
and the point of issue to using units.
An attack wherein a force attacks, or threatens to attack, a target
other than the main target for the purpose of drawing enemy
defence away from the main effort.
diversionary attack
Example: Diversionary tactics would therefore be necessary
and, should all else fail, he would authorise a
diversionary attack.
divided air attack
division
A method of delivering a coordinated air attack, which consists of
holding the aircraft in close tactical concentration up to a point,
prior to splitting them to attack an objective from different directions.
A major administrative and tactical unit within which is combined
the necessary arms and services required to operate independently
and for a sustained period of combat. A division is larger than a
regiment or brigade, but smaller than a corps. Moreover, a
division, commanded by a major (2 star) general, might have 3
regiments, plus supporting units.
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An agent in contact with 2 opposing intelligence services, only one
of which is aware of the double contact or quasi-intelligence services.
double agent
A plan for which a draft has been coordinated and agreed with
other military headquarters and which is ready for coordination
with and ratification by those nations involved.
draft plan
Example: Provisional steps had been approved; nevertheless,
the draft plan would need formal ratification prior to
any action being taken.
Wedge-shaped concrete anti-tank obstacles laid in multiple rows.
dragon's teeth
Example: As the convoy of tanks approached the line of
dragon's teeth, it slowed slightly while the commander
considered his options.
drill mine
An inert filled mine or mine-like body, used in loading, laying
and discharge practices and trials.
driver's accident
report
A document detailing the date, place and circumstances of an accident,
and details of the vehicle(s), persons and circumstances involved.
drone
A land, sea, or air vehicle that can be controlled either
remotely or automatically.
drop zone;
dropping zone
An area designated for the insertion of airborne
forces or stores by means of parachute.
DZ
Example: As the formation approached the DZ, those in the lead
aircraft prepared to deploy.
Coordinates on a map or the place where troops are dropped
by vehicle, aircraft or helicopter, possibly behind enemy lines.
drop-off point
DOP
Example: The DOP was close to the front line, but in a
location concealed from the enemy.
dual agent
One who is simultaneously and independently employed by 2
or more intelligence agencies, covering targets for both.
dud
An item of explosive munitions, which has not been armed as
intended or which has failed to explode after being armed.
Example: The torpedo was a dud and it failed to explode.
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Temporary storage area for logistics; fuel or ammunition.
dump
Duty Room;
Joint Operations
Centre
Example: The ammunition dump was close to the headquarters
and could be utilised to destroy a major part of the complex.
JOC
A part of the Situation Centre, which serves as the UNHQ
point of contact for field missions. A Duty Room/JOC can also be
operated by Member States during permanent missions; the
facility prepares daily Situation Centre reports.
An early notification of the launch or approach of unknown
weapons or weapons carriers.
early warning
EW
Example: The vessel had an EW capability, however, and
the aircraft's approach was quickly detected.
ECHO
The letter E in the phonetic alphabet.
economic potential
The total capacity of a nation to produce goods and services.
Electoral Assistance
Division
Office of Operations, DPKO.
electoral division
One of the divisions within a PKO mission; headed by a Director.
electoral observer
Within a PKO's electoral division: visits polling stations, observes the
transport of ballot boxes and the counting process and prepares
a post-referendum evaluation.
electromagnetic
radiation
Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields
and propagated with the speed of light. Includes gamma radiation,
X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation, and radar
and radio waves.
electronic
countermeasures
ECM
Actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the
electromagnetic spectrum, such as jamming and
electromagnetic deception.
Example: The vehicle had an ECM capability.
electronic warfare
embankment
EW
Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and
directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to
attack the enemy. The 3 major subdivisions within electronic
warfare are: electronic attack, electronic protection,
and electronic warfare support.
An artificial slope made of earth and/or stones.
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embarkation
The loading of troops with their supplies and equipment on to
ships or aircraft.
Example: Prior to embarkation, the unit attended a briefing.
embrasure; firing
port
An opening (in a wall or ship or armoured vehicle) for firing through.
Emergency Response
Team
In the context of humanitarian and civic relief, an Emergency
Response Team would be deployed in the event of humanitarian
emergencies, such as refugee crises, sometimes in conjunction
with a peacekeeping operation.
enemy capabilities
Those courses of action of which the enemy is physically capable and
that, if adopted, will affect accomplishment of the friendly mission.
engineering vehicle
A vehicle used in engineering.
An offensive manoeuvre in which the main attacking force passes
around or over the enemy's principal defensive positions
to secure objectives to the enemy's rear.
envelopment
Example: The force then conducted an envelopment manoeuvre
to secure the advance.
1. A combatant unit assigned to accompany and
protect another force or convoy.
2. An aircraft assigned to protect other aircraft
during a mission.
3. An armed guard that accompanies a convoy, a train,
prisoners etc.
escort
4. An armed guard accompanying persons
as a mark of honour.
5. To convoy.
6. A member of the armed forces assigned to
accompany, assist, or guide an individual
or group, eg an escort officer.
Example: The first vessels to come under attack were
those escorting the convoy. One escort vessel was lost
as a result and several were badly damaged.
escort forces
escort patrol
Combat forces of various types provided to protect other forces
against enemy attack.
A unit tasked with escorting refugees being repatriated or with
protecting civilians on their way to and from work, where the
route passes dangerously close to a hostile party; the term refers
also to the mission entrusted to the unit.
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Example: He was injured while the unit was on escort patrol
close to enemy lines.
estimated time of
arrival
ETA
The time at which units, supplies, etc are planned or calculated
to arrive. The ETA might differ from the actual time of arrival.
An approximate calculation or judgment of the time of completion
of an action, operation, mission etc.
estimated time of
completion
ETC
estimated time of
departure
ETD
The time at which units, supplies etc are planned or expected to
depart. The ETD might be different from the actual time of departure.
European Union
EU
A pan-European organisation of 15 Member States and preparing for
the accession of 13 eastern and southern European countries.
Example: The task was commenced and the commander
estimated the ETC to be 1500.
1. The process of moving any person who is wounded, injured,
or ill to and/or between medical treatment facilities.
2. The clearance of personnel, animals, or materiel
from a given locality.
3. The controlled process of collecting, classifying, and shipping
unserviceable or abandoned materiel, to appropriate reclamation,
maintenance, technical intelligence, or disposal facilities.
An evacuation might prove necessary because of unusual or
emergency circumstance.
evacuation
Example: The evacuation took 3 days. Several units that could not
be evacuated for operational reasons remained behind.
evacuation convoy
evacuation point
A convoy which is used for evacuation of dangerously exposed waters.
EP
The location at which equipment is collected or personnel
are gathered prior to evacuation.
Example: The first priority was to establish an EP.
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1. A command decision to establish the maximum number of days
that patients may be held within the command for treatment.
Patients who, in the opinion of responsible medical officers,
cannot be returned to a duty status within the period prescribed
would be evacuated by the first available means, provided the travel
involved would not aggravate their disabilities.
2. A command decision concerning the movement of civilians
from the proximity of military operations for security
and safety reasons and involving the need to arrange for
movement, reception, care, and control of such individuals.
evacuation policy
3. Command policy concerning the evacuation of unserviceable
or abandoned materiel, including the designation of channels
and destinations for evacuated materiel, the establishment of
controls and procedures, and the dissemination of condition
standards and disposition instructions.
A series of medical-treatment stations and facilities and the
evacuation routes along which they are positioned. The term
'chain of evacuation' might also be used to refer to:
a. A series of prisoner-of-war collecting points, facilities and routes
by means of which prisoners of war and civilian internees are
collected and evacuated from a combat zone.
evacuation system;
chain of evacuation
b. A series of installations for evacuating disabled or
salvaged material.
Example: An evacuation system was quickly devised. The
chain of evacuation would involve several local communities
and pass through the mountains.
A civilian removed from a place of residence by military
direction for reasons of personal security or the requirements
of the military situation.
evacuee
Example: Many of the evacuees were wounded and would
require medical treatment en route.
The procedures and operations employed to enable military
personnel and other selected individuals to escape from
enemy-held or hostile areas.
escape & evasion
E&E
Example: The incursion would be followed by an escape
and evasion phase during which each member of the team
would be expected to act independently.
The withdrawal of personnel or units from areas under enemy
control by stealth, deception, surprise or clandestine means.
ex-filtration
Example: Ex-filtration, personnel would be required to
rendezvous at the dropping point for pick up at 0230.
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An armed force organized to accomplish a specific objective
in a foreign country.
expeditionary force
Example: Once the expeditionary force had reported in, the
commander would be in a position to decide on the next
course of action.
A civilian outside the boundaries of the country of his or her
nationality or ethnic origin who is being forcibly repatriated
to that country or to a third country for political or other purposes.
expellee
A device designed to generate an electric current in a firing
circuit to enable the user to initiate an explosive charge or charges.
exploder
Example: The exploder was somewhat primitive; nevertheless,
it would have to suffice.
explosive ordnance
disposal
The detection, identification, field evaluation, safe-rendering,
recovery and final disposal of unexploded ordnance.
EOD
Example: The team had been trained in EOD and Search
operations and were well prepared for the task.
external reinforcing
force
A reinforcing force that is principally stationed in peacetime outside
its intended Major NATO Command area of operations.
field ambulance
An all terrain vehicle, equipped as an ambulance.
field artillery
Equipment, supplies, ammunition and personnel involved in the use of
cannon, rockets, or surface-to-surface missiles.
field defence stores;
defence stores
Field items that include the likes of concertina wire, barbed wire,
fence posts, sandbags, observation towers, gabions, T-walls,
corrugated iron, timber, gates, chain- link fences, barriers etc.
field dressing station;
holding station
A medical aid station close to the locus of combat.
field exercise
An exercise conducted in the field under simulated war conditions
in which troops and armament of one side are actually present,
while those of the other side may be imaginary or in outline.
An emplacement or shelter of a temporary nature that can be
constructed with reasonable facility by units requiring no
more than minor engineering and equipment participation.
field fortifications
Example: Field fortifications had been meticulously prepared
and the unit was comfortably in position and ready for
action within a very short time.
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field hospital
A standard component of a standby force, a field hospital
provides second and limited third-line medical support to
military units in the field. Ideally, a field hospital should facilitate
full accommodation and be equipped with ambulances, vehicles,
an operating theatre, sterilizer, x-ray facilities, dental facilities,
equipment workshop, intensive-care unit, examination rooms
and a mortuary et al..
field marshal
A senior military rank in some armies.
The area that a weapon or a group of weapons can cover
effectively with fire from a given position.
field of fire
Example: The field of fire was so restricted, it was impossible
to deter the enemy effectively.
Field Supply Unit
FSU
Logistics & Communications Service, Field Administration
& Logistics Division, Office of Planning & Support, Department
of Peacekeeping Operations.
Otherwise known as binoculars.
field glasses
Example: Through the field glasses, the enemy position could
be seen clearly. He handed the binoculars to the 2IC
and began to detail his plan for attack.
Acquisition, delivery and distribution of new equipment to the units
who are destined to use it.
fielding
Example: It was while fielding the new supplies that the next attack
came.
Fighting where there are a lot of buildings.
fighting in built-up
areas
FIBUA
Example: Fire Control had instructed the ceasefire to enable
the troops to engage in FIBUA.
In naval control of shipping, the final destination of a convoy or
of an individual ship (whether in convoy or independent) irrespective
of whether or not routing instructions have been issued.
final destination
An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed
to impede enemy movement across defensive lines or areas.
final protective fire
FPF
Example: Once in position, the force awaited the FPF prior
to commencing the advance.
Finance Management
& Support Service
FMSS
Field Administration & Logistics Division, Department of
Peacekeeping Operations.
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finance officer
FO
A civilian administrator in a PKO's finance section.
See also Chief Finance Officer.
The control of all operations in connection with the application
of fire on a target.
fire control
Example: Fire Control had instructed the ceasefire to enable
the troops to engage in FIBUA.
fire-control system
FCS
A system that performs the functions of target acquisition,
tracking, data computation and engagement control, primarily
by utilising electronic means.
Example: During the attack, the FCS had been neutralised.
Fire-Direction Centre
FDC
That element of a command post by means of which a
commander exercises fire direction, ie selection of targets,
concentration or distribution of fire, the allocation of ammunition,
and fire control.
1. A specific assignment given to a fire unit as part
of a definite plan.
fire mission
2. An order used to alert the weapon/battery units and
indicate that the message to follow is a call for fire.
Example: Once in position, the unit prepared for the fire mission
and awaited the call for fire.
The collective use of mortars, field artillery, close air support
and naval gunfire in support of a battle plan or of ground forces.
fire support
Example: Once in position, the unit called for fire support.
fire-support
coordination
fire-support group
The planning and executing of fire so that targets are adequately
covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons.
Example: Effective fire-support coordination placed the
enemy at a distinct disadvantage.
A temporary grouping of ships under a single commander charged
with supporting troop operations ashore by naval gunfire.
A fire support group may be further subdivided into fire
support units and fire support elements.
1. The amount of fire that can be delivered by a position,
unit, or weapon system.
firepower
2. The ability to deliver fire.
Example: The enemy had superior firepower and this quickly
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became apparent as the casualties mounted.
Basic medical treatment that is provided to an individual as soon
as possible following injury or suddenly illness.
first aid
Example: Although he had been provided first aid without delay,
his injuries were such that he could not be saved.
first-line maintenance
As applied to PKOs, the term first-line maintenance refers to
maintenance conducted at contingent or unit level.
fixed medicaltreatment facility
A medical-treatment facility that is designed to operate for
an extended period of time at a specific site.
flag-of-truce; white
flag
A flag symbolizing the acceptance of defeat or a lack
of intention to attack.
A weapon that projects incendiary fuel and has provision for
ignition of this fuel.
flame thrower
Example: The flame thrower was then directed at the entrance to
the bunker and the effects were dramatic.
flanking attack
An offensive manoeuvre directed at the flank of an enemy.
The basic tactical unit in an air force, consisting of 4 or more
aircraft in 2 or more elements.
flight
force commander
Example: The squadron comprised 3 flights of 6 aircraft, each
under the command of a flight commander.
FC
A member of a military force trained in and responsible
for engineering.
force engineer officer
force logistics-support FLSG
group
force medical officer
The senior officer responsible for executing the mandate of the
mission in respect of all military operations. The FC is responsible
for reporting to UN HQ through the SRSG in respect of
all matters relating to military personnel and military operations.
FMEDO;
FMO
The FLSG comprises national support elements (NSEs) provided
by each contingent. The FLSG is responsible for coordinating
the receipt of stocks, movement to forward bases and the
sustainment of the force as a whole.
A military officer that heads all medical support activities in
a mission area. The FMO is the senior medical adviser to
the force commander and to all contingent SMOs on the mission.
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force medical supply
officer
FMSO
A military officer responsible for the medical supplies.
Forward Ambulance
Post
FAP
An ambulance post with at least one ambulance, a medical
crew and communications to a medical facility.
The transfer of information to a higher level of command.
forward tell
Example: He had been instructed to forward-tell the information
to both HQ and Command, and he proceeded to do so
without delay.
foxhole
A small hole dug in the ground by troops to protect them
from military attack.
FOXTROT
The letter F in the phonetic alphabet.
The act of killing members of your own group or allies by mistake.
fratricide
frequency
deconfliction
Example: His death had been the result of fraticide when the
unit came under friendly fire from the lead attack helicopter.
A systematic management procedure to coordinate the use of the
electromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and
intelligence functions. Frequency deconfliction is an element of
electromagnetic spectrum management.
1. An offensive manoeuvre in which the main action is directed
against the front of the enemy forces.
frontal attack
2. An attack by an interceptor aircraft that terminates
with a heading crossing angle greater than 135 degrees
1. A string or piece of paper connected to a firework or other
explosive item by which it is lit, or a device inside a bomb that
causes the weapon to explode either following a fixed length of
time or on impact.
fuse
2. A device that initiates an explosive train.
Example: They suspected that the bomb had been set with a short
fuse and evacuated the building with due haste.
gap
An area within a minefield or obstacle belt, free of live mines or
obstacles, whose width and direction is designed to allow a
friendly force to pass through in tactical formation.
Example: The convoy transited the gap safely and was
quickly able to resume progress.
gap marker
Markers used to indicate a gap in a minefield.
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garrison force
All units assigned to a base or geographical area for the defence,
development, operation and maintenance of the facilities
located therein.
garrison town
A town where a military garrison is based.
gas mask
A device worn over the face to prevent an individual from
breathing poisonous gases.
general cease-fire
General agreement, such as that between 2 armies, to cease
hostilities either temporarily or permanently.
general headquarters
GHQ
The main administrative complex of an organization, military force,
police force, or guerrilla force.
general map
A map of small scale used for general planning purposes.
general military
intelligence
GMI
Intelligence concerning the military capabilities of foreign
countries or organizations, or which might affect potential national
or multinational military operations. GMI excludes scientific
and technical intelligence.
general purpose
GP
For general use or result or effect.
general purpose
machine gun
GPMG
A machine gun that can be used for any kind of task.
Reserve of troops under the control of the overall commander.
general reserve
general staffs
Example: There would now be a need to call forward troops
and equipment from the general reserve.
Officers located in the headquarters of army or marine divisions,
marine brigades, aircraft wings, or larger units that assist
commanders in the planning, coordination, and supervision
of operations.
Example: He was next appointed to the general staffs and was
instructed to report to the MOD following a brief spell of leave.
general support
Stocks procured outside the mission area, and which may or
may not be centrally warehoused in the mission area.
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general support
artillery
GSA
Artillery that executes the fire directed by the commander of
a unit to which it organically belongs or is attached.
GSA is utilised in support of an operation as a whole, rather
than in support of a specific subordinate unit.
Geneva Convention
An agreement accepted by most countries of the World that
establishes standards for the reasonable treatment of soldiers
and civilians during war.
geographic
coordinates
The latitude and longitude of a position or point on the
surface of the Earth.
GOLF
The letter G in the phonetic alphabet.
graphic scale
A graduated line by means of which distances on a map, chart, or
photograph may be measured in terms of ground distance.
green-water
operations
Naval or sea operations that take place near the coastline.
grenade launcher
A weapon for shooting grenades.
grid system; grid
(coordinate) system
gross weight
GS
A plane rectangular system of coordinates.
WT
1. The weight of a vehicle or aircraft fully equipped and
serviced for operation, including fuel, lubricants, coolant,
vehicle tools, spares, crew, personal equipment, and load.
2. The weight of a container or pallet including freight and binding.
ground alert
That status in which aircraft on the ground/deck are fully
serviced and armed, with combat crews in readiness to take
off within a specified time on receipt of a mission order.
ground control
A system of accurate measurements used to determine the
distances and directions or differences in elevation between
points on the Earth.
group of targets
Two or more targets on which fire is desired simultaneously.
guard dog
A dog trained to protect a place
guard post
A small building for the soldiers who are protecting a place
guardroom
A room for a guard post.
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guerrilla
A combat participant in guerrilla warfare, eg a member of
an unofficial military group that is trying to change a
government by making sudden, unexpected attacks on
the official army forces.
guerrilla force
A group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel
organized along military lines to conduct military and paramilitary
operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory.
guerrilla warfare
GW
Military and paramilitary operations conducted in enemy-held
or hostile territory by irregular, predominantly indigenous forces
guided missile
An unmanned vehicle moving above the surface of the
Earth the trajectory or flight path of which is capable of being altered
by an external or internal mechanism.
guided weapon
An explosive weapon whose direction is controlled electronically
during its flight.
gun
1. A cannon with relatively long barrel, operating with relatively
low angle of fire, and having a high muzzle velocity.
2. A cannon with a tube length of 30 calibres or more.
gunner
A member of the armed forces who is trained to use heavy guns.
A large flow of blood from a damaged blood vessel
or vein.
haemorrhage
Example: The wound soon began to haemorrhage. Shortly
after the haemorrhaging started, he died.
hand-grenade
A small bomb comprising explosive material in a metal
or plastic container that can be thrown easily.
1. The process for transfer of POWs, bodies, mail, property
et al, including domestic animals, through intermediaries, across
no-man's land, UN buffer zones or areas of separation, with
supervision by peacekeeping forces.
handover procedure
2. The process for transfer of UN and contingent property, for
example rations or supplies, from an outgoing contingent
to an incoming one.
Example: The handover procedure had been a simple one and the
transfer of prisoners progressed smoothly.
A fight involving physical contact.
hand-to-hand
Example: Once the troops had run out of ammunition, both sides
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resorted to hand-to-hand fighting.
headquarters
headquarters
company
HQ
The executive and/or administrative elements of a command unit.
HQ Coy
A headquarters company is in charge of a variety of duties at
an HQ, such as clerical tasks, protection
of the headquarters, the escorting and driving of staff,
quartering, catering for the officers etc.
A missile that can direct itself towards something hot,
especially the exhaust from an aircraft engine.
heat-seeking missile
Example: The missile had a heat-seeking capability and soon
locked on to the aircraft once it came within range.
A weapon capable of operating from ground or vehicle, used to
defeat armour and other material targets.
heavy anti-tank
weapon
Example: The enemy was equipped with anti-tank weapons
and was able to bring this heavy artillery to bear.
Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use
of cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers.
Field artillery is classified according to calibre as
follows: light, 120mm or less; medium, 121-160mm; heavy,
161-210mm; and very heavy, greater than 210mm in calibre.
heavy artillery
Example: The enemy was equipped with anti-tank weapons
and was able to bring this heavy artillery to bear.
A machine gun with a larger calibre than a GPMG that
can be mounted on vehicles, on vessels or in aircraft
heavy machine gun
heavy-tank
transporter
heavy-transport
vehicle
HMG
Example: The Browning .50 is a formidable HMG that is
extremely effective as a vehicle-borne weapon.
A vehicle for transportation of heavy tanks.
A vehicle used for transportation of heavy items.
A level of increased combat readiness.
heightened readiness
heli-borne operation
Example: Once the enemy appeared on radar, the ship was
placed at heightened readiness.
An operation involving the movement of troops and equipment
by helicopter.
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A task organization combining helicopters, supporting units,
and helicopter-borne troop units for use in helicopter-borne
assault operations.
helicopter assault
force
Evacuation by helicopter.
helicopter evacuation
helevac
A designated point where a single flight or wave of assault
helicopters utilise to embark or disembark troops and/or cargo.
helicopter landing
point
helicopter support
team
Example: The casualties were taken to a safe zone and
a helevac operation conducted.
Example: The casualties were taken to a helicopter landing
point within the safe zone and a helevac operation conducted.
HST
A task organization formed and equipped for employment
in a landing zone to facilitate the landing and movement of
helicopter-borne troops, equipment, supplies et al, or to
evacuate personnel such as casualties or POWs.
Example: As soon as the commander signalled that the POWs
were ready for evacuation, the HST was alerted.
A prepared area designated and used for take-off and
landing of helicopters.
helipad
Example: Given the prevailing conditions, Bravo 40 approached
the helipad with caution.
A facility designated for operating, basing, servicing, and
maintaining helicopters.
heliport
The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation
commences, for example the commencement of hostilities.
H-Hour
Example: The unit was ordered to be in position at H-hour
minus 4.
Powerful chemical explosives such as artillery ammunition,
bombs, depth charges, demolition material, rockets, and missiles.
high explosive
HE
Example: Once over the target, the aircraft dropped HE
weapons on the enemy.
Sound or radio wave frequency between 3 and 30 MHz.
high frequency
HF
Example: It was at that point that the HF radio came in
useful and the unit was able to communicate with its HQ.
high-mobility, multi- HMMWV;
HUMVE
purpose wheeled
A light, unarmed utility vehicle.
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vehicle
Example: Unlike the HMMWVs deployed by the enemy, the
UN forces were equipped with US HUMVEs, which were
far more agile.
high-speed, antiradiation missile
HARM
A rail-launched missile carried on-board aircraft for the purposes
of launching at enemy radar-guidance antenna, the destruction of
which can protect strike aircraft from defending missiles.
Example: The squadron was soon airborne, with each
helicopter armed with 2 HARM weapons.
In PKO context, the abduction and holding of peacekeepers as
hostages; otherwise, one who abducts and holds hostages.
hijack; hijacker
The quantitative potential of a holding facility to accommodate
patients awaiting medivac, usually in other than fully
supported hospital beds.
holding capacity
Example: The field hospital could barely cope; its holding
capacity was a mere 40 personnel.
holster
A carrying facility for a pistol, which is usually made of leather
and fixed on a waist belt or shoulder strap .
horizontal action
mine
A mine designed to produce a destructive
effect in a plane approximately parallel to the ground.
host nation
HN
A nation which receives the forces and/or supplies of allied
nations and/or NATO organizations to be located on, to operate
in, or to transit through its territory.
host-nation support
HNS
Civilian and military assistance rendered by the host country to
those UN forces deployed within or staging through that country.
hostage
hostile
A person held as a pledge that certain terms or agreements will
be kept (the taking of hostages is forbidden under the 1049
Geneva Convention).
In combat and combat-support operations, an identity applied
to a 'track', ie that of an aircraft or a vessel seen on radar,
declared to belong to an opposing force and which, by virtue of its
behaviour, characteristics or origin constitutes a threat
to friendly forces.
Example: The contact was considered hostile and DEFCON 1
was instigated promptly.
hostile acts
1. An attack or other use of force by any civilian,
paramilitary, military or terrorist force.
2. Force used directly to preclude or impede the mission and/or
duties of forces, including the recovery of personnel
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or vital Government property.
Example: The incident was considered a hostile act and as
a result the unit had no option but to open fire.
An operational environment in which hostile forces have control,
and also the intent and capability to oppose effectively
or react to operations conducted by friendly forces.
hostile environment
Example: The region proved a hostile environment and
reinforcements were needed to prevent heavy losses.
The classification assigned to the track of a vehicle, aircraft or
vessel that, based upon established criteria, is determined
to be an enemy threat.
hostile track
Example: The radar operator was instructed to monitor the path
of the contact and to advise Command should it adopt
a hostile track.
host-nation support
agreement
A basic agreement for support normally concluded at
government-to-government or government-to-commander level.
Such agreements can include general agreements, umbrella
agreements, and memoranda of understanding.
HOTEL
the letter H in the phonetic alphabet.
1. A cannon that combines certain characteristics of
guns and mortars.
howitzer
2. Normally a cannon with a tube length of 20-30 calibres. The
tube can exceed 30 calibres and still be considered a howitzer
provided the high-angle, fire zoning solution permits range
overlap between charges.
human rights
violation
Any act of disregarding human rights.
Example: The act was considered a violation of human rights.
human shield
Persons who, under the laws of war are considered noncombatants and as such are protected from deliberate attack,
civilians, POWs etc, yet who is used as a hostage to deter
an enemy from striking a particular target.
humanitarian (affairs)
adviser
A civilian who cooperates with humanitarian agencies
in the provision of assistance.
humanitarian & civic
assistance
HCA
Assistance to the local population provided by forces
involved in military operations.
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Example: Once the force commander considered he had the
upper hand, he ordered HCA for the beleaguered community.
humanitarian
assistance
HA
Programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural
or manmade disasters or other conditions such as human
suffering, disease, hunger, or deprivation that could present a
serious threat to life or result in serious damage to
or loss of property.
Example: HA was badly needed; however, the host nation
simply did not have the resources.
humanitarian
assistance (affairs)
officer
HAO
humanitarian
coordinator
A civilian who assists chief of the office for the coordination
of humanitarian assistance. UN humanitarian aid components
comprise small groups of civilians, eg UNHCR, UNICEF,
UNDP, NGOs etc.
A civilian officer within a PKO. In large or complex PKOs
the DHA might appoint a field-based coordinator.
1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character
of an unknown detected contact.
identification
ID
2. In arms control it is the process of determining which nation
is responsible for the detected violations
of an arms-control measure.
3. In ground-combat operations, identification is the act
of discriminating between recognizable objects as being
friendly or foe.
4. The classification of an object as a member of a class.
identification:
friend or foe
IFF
The process of using electromagnetic transmissions, to which the
equipment of friendly forces automatically responds by means of
pulse emissions, to distinguish between friendly forces
and enemy forces.
Example: The lack of IFF indicated that the contact was hostile.
identity card
ID;
ID card
An official document or plastic card, possibly including a
photograph, that indicates the name, date of birth, or other
information which proves the identity of the barer.
Example: When asked for his ID, the individual turned and
attempted to run away.
Actions prohibited by law or by official or accepted rules.
illegal procedures
Example: The procedure was illegal.
improvised mine
A mine fabricated from available materials at or near
its point of use.
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A situation of such exceptional urgency that immediate action
is needed to minimize imminent loss of life or catastrophic
degradation of the political or military situation.
in extremis
Example: The facility was to be utilised in extremis only
and was deployed merely as a precaution.
A projectile/device designed to cause fire.
incendiary bullet;
incendiary device
incident control point
incident report
Example: The aircraft dropped incendiary bombs on the
convoy and caused mass destruction of the advancing force.
ICP
INCREP
A designated point close to an incident where crisis management
forces will rendezvous and establish control capability before
initiating a tactical reaction.
Immediate report or incident report, to inform the force or mission
HQ, by the fastest means, of an actual or potential
breach of the peace.
Example: On receipt of the INCREP, the unit was deployed.
incidents
Brief clashes or other military disturbances generally of a
transitory nature and not involving protracted hostilities.
incremental costs
Additional costs to the Service incurred in support of
a contingency operation.
INDIA
The letter I in the phonetic alphabet.
Fire delivered on a target that is not itself used as a point
of aim.
indirect fire
Example: The measure was taken to protect the equipment
from indirect fire.
individual equipment
Clothing and equipment, for the personal use of the individual.
Actions taken by individuals to survive and continue a mission
under NBC conditions.
individual protection
Example: For their individual protection, the team carried
additional equipment, which would restrict their manoeuvrability.
individual protective
equipment
The personal clothing and equipment required in NBC warfare
to protect individuals from nuclear, biological and chemical hazards.
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individual reserves
The supplies carried for the purposes of individual use in an
emergency.
inert mine
A mine or replica of a mine incapable of producing an explosion.
infantry
INF
The part of an army that fights on foot and is not mounted
or in vehicles.
infantry division
infantry fighting
vehicle
Division of the infantry.
IFV
A heavily armed, armoured vehicle, often with tracks, that is
utilised for transporting infantry into battle and for supporting
them subsequently. IFVs often have amphibious capability.
infantryman
A foot soldier.
1. The movement through or into an area or territory occupied by
either friendly or enemy troops or organizations.
2. In intelligence operations: the placing of an agent or team
of agents/operatives in a target area in hostile territory.
Infiltration usually involves the crossing of a frontier
or other guarded line.
infiltration
Example: The orders were to infiltrate the occupied towns
wherever possible and glean intelligence concerning the
enemy's intentions.
inflammable cargo
Cargo such as drummed gasoline and oils.
1. A person who, wittingly or unwittingly, provides information
to an agent, a clandestine service, or to the police.
informant
2. In reporting, a person who has provided specific information
and is cited as a source.
Example: All informants had been captured by the enemy.
Peacekeeping 'operations information', or 'military
information', activities are those associated with maps, charts,
media interpretation, press relations etc.
operations/military
information
information assurance
Example: Having been engaged in operations information
activities, the informant was well equipped to provide
the enemy with the information it needed.
IA
Information operations that protect and defend information and
information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity,
authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation.
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Example: The IA procedures were effective and there
was little chance that there had been a leak.
information officer
information
operations
IO
IO
A military officer or civilian involved in 'information'
activities in a PKO. Intelligence officers are not used in PKOs.
Actions taken to affect the information and information
systems of an adversary, while protecting one's own information
and information systems.
Example: Misinformation was one tactic employed as an
element of IO.
information
processing
Conversion of collected information into a form suitable for
the purposes of intelligence.
Information and related resources, such as personnel, equipment,
and IT.
information resources
Example: Information resources included an encryptor for
use by informants and agents in the field.
information security
INFOSEC
The protection of information and information systems against
unauthorized access or modification of information, whether in
storage, processing, or transit, and against denial of service to
authorized users.
Example: INFOSEC measures were upgraded and all
electronic transmission were subsequently encrypted.
information summary INFSUM
The entire infrastructure, organization, personnel and components
that collect, process, store, transmit, display, disseminate,
and act on information.
information system
information warfare
informer
An information summary is submitted to Force HQ by
battalions or sectors on a weekly basis.
IW
Information operations conducted during time of crisis or
conflict to achieve or promote specific objectives over
a specific adversary or adversaries.
A person who intentionally discloses to police or to a security
service information about persons or activities considered suspect,
usually for a financial reward.
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a. That part of an instrument approach procedure in which an
aircraft has departed an initial approach fix or point and is
manoeuvring to enter the intermediate or final approach
to land.
initial approach
b. That part of a visual approach of an aircraft immediately prior
to arrival over the airfield of destination, or over the reporting
point from which the final approach to the airfield is commenced.
Example: At the time of the incident, the aircraft was
on initial approach.
initial assessment
IA
An assessment that provides a basic determination of the viability
of the infiltration and ex-filtration portion of a proposed
special-operations forces mission.
Example: In the IA, the team was made aware of the
risks involved.
A report indicating any detection of the enemy.
initial contact report
initial response force
Example: The SNCO at the observation post had at that
point reported initial contact with the enemy vehicle. Acting
upon this initial contact report, the support unit was mobilized.
The first unit, usually comprising military police, on the scene
of a terrorist incident.
Initial medical or other care procedures.
initial treatment
Example: Having been given initial treatment at the scene,
the soldier was evacuated to the safe zone.
1. The placement of troops and equipment into an operational
area during airmobile operations;
insertion
2. In the context of covert operations, the placement of
observation posts, patrols, or raiding parties either by helicopter,
parachute, or by means of amphibious landing.
Example: Insertion was to take place at 0200.
inshore patrol
insignia
A naval defence patrol operating generally within a naval
defence coastal area, which might comprise all elements of harbour
defences, the coastal lookout system, patrol craft supporting bases,
aircraft and Coast Guard stations.
An object or mark which officially shows either that a person or
object belongs to a particular organization or country, or that a
person has a particular rank.
Example: The officer wore the insignia of the
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Parachute Regiment.
The physical process of determining compliance with
arms control measures.
inspection
Example: The inspection would be carried out at the earliest
opportunity and would be conducted by UN personnel.
An inert mine used for instructional purposes and
normally sectionalised for this purpose.
instructional mine
An organized movement aimed at the overthrow of a constituted
government, through use of subversion and armed conflict.
insurgency
Example: Insurgency, however, was a major problem; moreover,
the insurgents were well equipped.
A member of a political party who rebels against
established leadership.
insurgent
Example: Insurgency, however, was a major problem; moreover,
the insurgents were well equipped.
intelligence operations
The variety of intelligence tasks that are carried out by various
intelligence organizations and activities.
intelligence report
A specific report of information, usually on a single item, made
at any level of command in tactical operations and disseminated
as rapidly as possible in keeping with the timeliness
of the information.
INTREP
Example: The INTREP gave him cause for optimism.
intelligence source
The means or system used to observe and record information
relating to the condition, situation, or activities of a targeted
location, organization, or individual. An intelligence source can
comprise people, documents, equipment, or technical sensors.
Example: The cafe's owner was a useful intelligence source.
interagency
coordination
The coordination between elements of the department of defence,
government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and
regional and international organizations for the purpose of
accomplishing an objective
Example: Interagency cooperation had been poor, nevertheless,
and this had contributed to the difficulties faced.
.
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interdiction
The process of attacking of lines of communication so as to disrupt
supply flows and, where possible, isolate specific zones or enemy
forces, thus disrupting the transportation of supplies, equipment
and troops. Interdiction primarily involves the use of air power
to destroy bridges, railway junctions etc.
Example: The primary roles of the aircraft were ground
support and interdiction and it was armed accordingly.
internal information
Information inside a service or organization.
The state of law and order prevailing within a nation.
internal security
International Peace
Force
Example: The incident was an internal security matter,
nevertheless, and he would need to deal with it effectively.
An appropriately constituted organization established for the
purpose of preserving world peace.
1. The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to
and accept services from other systems, units, or forces, thus
enabling the parties concerned to operate effectively together.
interoperability
2. The condition achieved when communications and electronics
systems or items of equipment can exchanged information or
data directly and satisfactorily.
Example: The first priority was to examine the captured
equipment and determine its level of interoperability.
interposition forces;
interpositional forces;
interposing forces
Interposition is the normal means used by peacekeeping forces to
secure the withdrawal of opposing forces behind lines of
demarcation. Interposition is the first stage in the negotiation
of armistice demarcation lines.
Example: To commence the process of interposition, it would be
necessary to first agree a ceasefire between the 3 interposing forces.
Forces involved, intentionally, in a difficult situation, to improve
that situation and prevent it from getting worse.
intervention forces
Example: The intervention forces would be moved into position
to await the order to intervene in the conflict.
irregular forces
Armed individuals or groups who are not members of the regular
armed forces, police, or other internal security forces.
jamming
Deliberate radiation or reflection of electromagnetic energy for
the purpose of disrupting an enemy's use of electronic
devices or systems.
Example: The jamming operation had been a necessary
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precaution and had successfully neutralized the enemy's
EW capability and all belligerent communications in the locale.
jeep
A generic term to describe a strongly built small utility vehicle
with 4-wheel drive capability and utilized by the army
for 'off-road' use.
joint force
A general term applied to a force comprising significant elements
of 2 or more military departments and assigned or attached
to operate under a single joint-force commander.
joint-force
commander
JFC
A general term applied to a combatant commander, sub-unified
commander, or joint-task-force commander authorized to exercise
command or operational control over a joint force.
Example: The JFC on that occasion had been a navy admiral.
joint intelligence
centre
JIC
The intelligence centre of the combatant command headquarters
responsible for providing and producing the intelligence required
to support the combatant commander and staff, components,
subordinate
joint forces and elements, and the national intelligence community.
joint-operations
planning
Planning for contingencies that can reasonably be anticipated
in an area of responsibility or the joint-operations area of command.
Joint-operations planning includes mobilization planning,
deployment planning, employment planning, sustainment
planning, and redeployment-planning procedures.
joint operations
A general term to describe military actions conducted by joint forces.
joint-operations area
joint-operations
centre
JOA
JOC
An defined area of land, sea, and airspace in
which a joint-force commander conducts military
operations to accomplish a specific mission.
A jointly manned element of a joint-force commander's
HQ established for the purposes of planning, monitoring,
and guiding the execution of the commander's authority.
Example: During that attack, the JOC was completely destroyed.
joint-planning group
JPG
A joint-force planning organization comprising designated joint-force
HQ principal and special staff; joint-force components, both Service
and/or functional; and those supporting organizations/agencies
deemed necessary by the joint force commander.
joint publication
JP
A publication containing joint doctrine, joint tactics, techniques
and procedures that involve the employment of forces.
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joint search & rescue
centre
joint special
operations area
JSRC
JSOA
A primary search and rescue facility suitably staffed and equipped
for the planning, coordination and execution of joint search and
rescue operations within a joint-force's geographical area.
A restricted area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a
joint-force commander to the commander of a joint specialoperations force for the purposes of conducting
special-operations activities.
Example: Once the unit had deal with the insurgency incident,
they were ordered to deploy immediately for the JSOA.
joint specialoperations task force
JSOTF
A joint task force comprising special-operations units from more
than one Service and formed to carry out a specific special
operation or to prosecute special operations in support of a
theatre campaign or any other operation.
joint task force
JTF
A concept, bringing together navy, army, air force and marine
elements for a specific mission.
JULIET
The letter J in the phonetic alphabet.
A concentrated site or installation, the destruction or capture
of which would seriously affect the success of operations.
key point
Example: The destruction of that particular facility had been
a key point in the campaign.
A civilian position, either public or private, designated by
the employer and approved by the Secretary concerned, that
cannot be vacated during war or national emergency
key position
A locality or area that, were it seized or to come under the
control of a combatant, would afford that party a distinct advantage.
key terrain
Example: The mountain range was considered key terrain.
KILO
The letter K in the phonetic alphabet.
land search
The search of terrain by ground-force personnel.
landing force
A task organization in the Marine Corps or Army, formed for
the purpose of conducting amphibious operations. The landing
force, together with the amphibious task force and other forces,
constitutes the amphibious force.
LF
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landing zone
LZ
A specified zone assigned for the purpose of landing aircraft.
A feature, either natural or artificial, that can be accurately
determined on the ground from a grid reference.
landmark
Example: The clearing was an important landmark and could
be utilised as a rendezvous for the 3 teams.
landmine
A bomb that is hidden in the ground and explodes when a
person steps on it or a vehicle drives over it.
lane marker
A sign used to mark a lane in a minefield. Lane markers, placed
at the entrance to and exit from a lane, may be referenced to a
landmark or intermediate marker.
laser aiming module;
laser illuminator;
laser designator;
laser-aiming light;
laser target marker;
laser-spot projector
LAM
A LAM is normally used to improve the capability of soldiers
or combat vehicles to aim at a target fast and precisely. LAMs
can, for example, be detachable modules on handguns.
laser designator
A device that emits a beam of laser energy that is used to pinpoint
a specific place or object.
laser range finder
Most main battle tanks and other combat vehicles are equipped with
laser range finders to determine the range to a target quickly and
precisely. There are also small versions of laser range finders
that can be used by individual troops.
laser warning receiver
LWR
A structural device designed to support and hold a missile
in position for firing.
launcher
law of armed conflict;
law of war
That part of international law that regulates the conduct
of armed hostilities.
LOAC
Example: The incident was a breech in LOAC and would be
dealt with accordingly.
The time between formal notification and deployment. The term can
also be used to describe the time lapse between that of a request to
provide resources and the time those resources are received.
lead time;
response time
legal adviser
A piece of equipment that detects laser threats.
LA
A senior member of civilian staff who advises on administrative,
financial or legal matters.
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lethal weapon
liaison officer
A weapon that can kill.
LO;
LNO
1. A military or civilian officer whose duties are concerned
primarily with communicating between different forces,
formations, units etc.
2. A military or civilian officer who acts as a focal point for
communication between the SRSG, governments, international
agencies and NGOs.
light multi-role
logistics unit
A standard component for standby forces that provides second
and third-line light logistic support to the military component;
maintains general, technical and ration stores; provides light
and limited medium transport; and maintains unit-owned
vehicles. A light multi-role logistics unit comprises the
following: a supply platoon, a transport company, and a
support company to provide laundry, quartermaster
and administration facilities.
light-reconnaissance
helicopter
Helicopters that are armed only with self-defence weapons and that
are equipped with long- range radios and reconnaissance optronics.
The main task of light-reconnaissance helicopters is to gain
information at a tactical level.
light vehicle
A car, jeep or other vehicle that could not be considered a
'heavy' vehicle.
lightly-armed
observer
An observer wearing light arms.
LIMA
The letter L in the phonetic alphabet.
A one way route with one or more restrictions that preclude its
use by the full range of military traffic.
limited-access route
Example: The approach was a limited-access route, which
would preclude the passage of the larger vehicles.
Armed conflict short of general war, exclusive of incidents,
involving the overt engagement of the military forces of 2
or more nations.
limited war
line of communication
L of C;
LOC
Any of the physical routes (land, water or air) that connect an
operating military force with a base of operations, and along which
supplies and military forces move. Internal lines of communication
are those routes within the theatre of operations.
Examples: Without its normal LOC, the force would be
extremely vulnerable.
line of contact
CL
Another term for confrontation line.
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A row of defensive positions, particularly those closest to
enemy positions.
line of defence
Example: The armoured division would form the
first line of defence.
line of demarcation
A line defining the boundary of a buffer zone or area of limitation.
A line of demarcation may also be used to define the forward limits
of opposing forces once each phase of disengagement
or withdrawal has been completed.
line of departure
A line designated to coordinate the departure of attacking elements.
liquid explosive
An explosive which is fluid at normal temperatures.
list of targets
A tabulation of confirmed or suspect targets maintained by any
echelon for informational and fire-support planning purposes.
local procurement
The process of obtaining personnel, services, supplies, and
equipment from local or indigenous sources.
The function of acquiring a decentralized item of supply from
sources outside the Department of Defence.
local purchase
Example: He was provided with a local-purchase order
and was tasked with obtaining the items in the local town.
This term is incorrect and must not be used. The correct term
is 'limited war', ie an armed conflict short of general war, exclusive
of incidents, involving the overt engagement of the military forces
of 2 or more nations.
local war
location state
LOCSTAT
logistic operations
centre
LOC
logistic support
A periodic report that is submitted by battalion or sector HQs
to the force HQ. A LOCSTAT is used to notify changes
in deployment, usually monthly.
A LOC coordinates all the non-routine logistics requirements
of a mission and also all technical support assistance.
The services, materiel, and transportation required to support
forces based at home or deployed worldwide.
The planning and conduct of the movement, maintenance
and supply of forces.
logistics
Example: The logistics of the mission would require
careful planning and coordination.
machine-gun
An automatic weapon capable of rapid fire.
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magnetic mine
A mine that responds to the magnetic field of a target.
magnetic north
The direction indicated by the north-seeking pole of a freely
suspended magnetic needle, influenced only by the Earth's
magnetic field.
mail embargo
A temporary shutdown or redirection of mail flow to or from
a specific location.
main attack
The principal attack or effort into which a commander places
the full weight of offensive power at his disposal. A main attack
is also an attack directed against the chief
objective of the campaign, ie the major operation, or battle.
main battle area
MBA
That portion of the battlefield in which the decisive battle is fought
to defeat the enemy. For any particular command, the main battle
area extends rearward from the forward edge of the battle area
to the rear boundary of the command's subordinate units.
Example: The aircraft was downed in the main battle area.
A road capable of serving as the principal ground line of
communication to an area or locality. Usually it is wide enough
and suitable for 2-way, all-weather traffic at high speeds.
main road
The route designated within an area of operations over which
the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations.
main supply route
MSR
Example: The primary objective was to destroy the
enemy's MSR.
maintain regional
stability
To preserve stable order in a region.
maintenance
1. All action taken to retain materiel in or to restore it to a
specified condition. Maint includes: the inspection, testing, servicing,
classification, repair, rebuilding and reclamation of materiel; and
also the supply and repair action taken to sustain a force in
in the necessary condition to carry out its mission.
maintenance area
maint
A general locality in which are grouped a number of maintenance
activities for the purpose of retaining or restoring materiel to
a serviceable condition.
A movement to place ships or aircraft in a position
of advantage.
manoeuvre
Example: There was a need to manoeuvre the tank into
a position in which it could fire.
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Tactical exercises carried out at sea, in the air, on the
ground, or on a map in imitation of an operation.
manoeuvres
Example: The unit was away on manoeuvres during
during the period in question.
manifest
A document specifying in detail the passengers and/or items
carried by an aircraft, vehicle or vessel.
manpower
management
The means of manpower control to ensure the most efficient and
economical use of available manpower.
manpower resources
Those human resources available to a Service, commander,
or unit to meet requirements.
map exercise
An exercise in which a series of military situations is stated
and solved on a map.
map index
A graphic key that is primarily designed to show the relationship
between maps in a series, and also their coverage, availability,
and any further information that might be useful.
map reference
A means of identifying a point on the surface of the Earth by
relating it to information appearing on a map, generally the
graticule or grid.
map sheet
An individual map or chart either complete in itself or part
of a series.
marching pack
Equipment to be carried on a march.
marine
A member of the Marine Corps.
marine expeditionary
force
MEF
The largest marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that can be
deployed. An MEF is capable of missions across the range of
military operations, including amphibious assault and sustained
operations ashore in any environment.
MEU
A Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is constructed
around a reinforced infantry battalion, a reinforced helicopter
squadron, and a task-organized combat service support element.
An MEU normally fulfils the forward sea-based deployment
requirements of a marine corps.
marine expeditionary
unit
marking
To mark out on the ground the boundary lines for cease-fire lines,
zones of separation, permanent borders etc.
Example: In the process of marking out the area, the
limitations of the location became apparent.
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mass casualties
Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short
period of time, usually as the result of a single incident such as a
military aircraft accident, hurricane, flood, earthquake, or armed
attack that often exceeds local logistic-support capabilities.
Example: The incident resulted in mass casualties.
massed fire
Fire from a number of weapons directed at a single point or small
area, ie the fire of the batteries of 2 or more ships directed
against a single target.
materiel
All items, ie ships, tanks, self-propelled weapons, aircraft etc, and
their related spares, repair parts, and support equipment, but
excluding property, installations, and utilities, that are necessary
to equip, operate, maintain, and support military activities without
distinction as to their application for administrative
or combat purposes.
maximum effective
range
The maximum distance at which a weapon may be expected to
be accurate and achieve the desired effect.
maximum range
The greatest distance a weapon can fire without consideration
of dispersion.
maximum sustained
speed
The highest speed at which a vehicle, with its rated payload,
can be driven for an extended period on a level first-class
highway without sustaining damage.
mechanized
Equipment aided by machinery or using vehicles, ie tanks, armoured
fighting vehicles, armoured personnel carriers, trucks etc.
mechanized battalion
A battalion equipped with armed and armoured motor vehicles
moving or capable of mobilizing readily.
mechanized infantry
Infantry equipped with armed and armoured motor vehicles and
capable of mobilizing readily.
media pool
A limited number of news media who represent a larger number
of media organizations for the purposes of gathering news
and the sharing of material during a specified activity.
medic
A member of the medical corps, trained in combat first aid, who
accompanies foot patrols.
medical capacity
The quantitative potential of the medical support system to collect,
treat and evacuate patients. Medical capacity is not a measure of the
qualitative aspects of that support.
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A subdivision of a military organization, such as an army, that
is devoted to the medical care of troops.
medical corps
medical evacuation MEDEVAC
The evacuation of medical cases between levels of care established
in-theatre (in-theatre MEDEVAC), or out of theatre (inter-theatre
MEDEVAC).
Example: The troops were medevaced home as soon as a
suitable opportunity arose.
Personnel who are wounded, injured, or ill and must be moved to
or between medical facilities.
medical evacuees
medical facility
MF
Any installation that can treat and hold patients.
medical officer
MO
A physician with officer rank.
medical transport
unit
A small unit, with field ambulance facilities, responsible for
transporting casualties.
medical treatment
The application of medical procedures by trained professional and
technical personnel, and the management of patients under such
procedures, for the purposes of relieving pain and suffering, saving
life and limb, or curing disease, injury, or other disorders.
medical treatment
facility
MTF
A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical
and/or dental care to eligible individuals.
meeting engagement
A combat action that occurs when a moving force, incompletely
deployed for battle, engages an enemy at an unexpected time
and place.
mercenary
A person who fights for any country or group that pays them.
merchant ship
A vessel engaged in mercantile trade, with the exception of
river craft, estuarial craft, or craft that operate solely within
harbour limits.
Meteorological facts pertaining to the atmosphere, such as wind,
temperature, air density, and other phenomena that affect operations.
meteorological data
Example: The meteorological data indicated that the weather
for the mission might be adverse.
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MIKE
The letter M in the phonetic alphabet.
One who liaises with military authorities and advises on the
safety of mission personnel.
military adviser
MILAD
Example: Prior to the mission, the MILAD had advised
that the level of risk was significant.
military censorship
All types of censorship conducted by personnel of the Armed Forces.
Military censorship can include censorship of the Armed Forces,
civilians, prisoners of war and the censorship of media
personnel in the field.
Example: The information was extremely sensitive and would
fall within the terms of the military censorship imposed.
military
characteristics
military civic action
Those characteristics of equipment that relate to that
equipment's ability to perform desired military functions.
Military characteristics include physical and operational
characteristics, but not technical characteristics.
The use of indigenous military forces on projects useful to the local
population in such fields as education, training, public works,
agriculture, transportation, communications, health, sanitation etc,
that contribute to local economic and social development and
serve to improve the standing of the military forces.
Example: The military civic action that had been authorised
was designed to win over the local population.
military convoy;
maritime convoy
A land or maritime convoy that is controlled and reported as
a military unit. A maritime convoy could comprise
a combination of merchant ships, auxiliaries and other
military vessels.
military currency
Currency prepared by a power and declared by its military
commander to be legal tender for use by civilian and/or military
personnel as prescribed in the areas occupied by its forces.
military-designed
vehicle
A vehicle having military characteristics resulting from military
research and development processes, designed primarily for use by
forces in the field in direct connection with, or in support of, combat
or tactical operations.
military education
The systematic instruction of individuals in subjects that will enhance
their knowledge of the science and art of war.
military government
Those designated active and reserve component forces and units
organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil- affairs
activities and to support civil-military operations.
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military governor
The military commander or other designated person who, in an
occupied territory, exercises supreme authority over the civil
population subject to the laws and usages of war and to any
directive received from the government or a superior.
military grid
Two sets of parallel lines that intersect at right angles and form
squares. A military grid is superimposed on maps, charts, and other
similar representations of the surface of the Earth in an accurate
and consistent manner so as to permit the identification of ground
locations and also the computation of direction and distance
between points.
Military Information
Officer
An information officer whose duties relate purely to
military matters.
military intelligence
MI
Intelligence on any foreign military or military-related situation or
activity that is significant to military policymaking or the planning
and conduct of military operations and activities.
Example: During the operation, MI had been received on
a regular basis.
military intervention
The deliberate act of a nation or a group of nations to involve its
military forces in an existing controversy.
military involvement
The act of inclusion and participation in military activities.
military journalist
A civilian, usually, who provides photographic, print, radio, or
televised information to military audiences.
military liaison officer
An officer responsible for the maintenance of contact or
intercommunication between elements of military forces to ensure
mutual understanding and unity of purpose and action.
military necessity
The principle whereby a belligerent has the right to apply any
measures required to bring about the successful conclusion
of a military operation other than those forbidden by the
rules of war.
Example: Although quite devastating, the action was a military
necessity that could not be avoided.
military objectives
A derived set of military actions to be taken to implement the
guidance provided by Command in support of national objectives.
A military objective defines the results to be achieved
by the military and assigns tasks to commanders.
military occupation
A condition in which territory is under the effective control
of a foreign armed force.
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military operations
other than war
MOOTW
Operations, short of war, that encompass the use of military
capabilities across the full range of military operations.
MOOTW can be applied to complement any combination
of the instruments of national power and occur before,
during and after war.
A range of military responses to accomplish assigned tasks.
Options include one, or a combination of the likes of civic action,
humanitarian assistance, civil affairs etc.
military options
Example: The nature of the conflict meant that the
military options were limited.
military police
MP
The MP element of a PKO is normally of company strength and
is drawn from all contingents of the force. MPs are organized
along functional lines, ie provost (discipline), traffic,
investigation et al.
military resources
Military and civilian personnel, facilities, equipment, and supplies
under the control of the Ministry of Defence.
military strategy
The art and science of employing the armed forces of a nation to
secure the objectives of national policy by the application
of force or the threat of force.
military support to
civil authorities
MSCA
Activities and measures taken to foster mutual assistance and
support between the Ministry of Defence and other government
agencies in respect of a government response to civil emergencies
or disturbances, including national security emergencies.
Example: The authorised MSCA in that instance, had included
deployment of civil fire and emergency services.
1. The instruction of personnel to enhance their capacity to
perform specific military functions and tasks.
military training;
military exercise
2. The exercise of one or more military units conducted to
enhance their combat readiness.
Example: The Exercise had been conducted both efficiently
and effectively and, having been thorough in its execution,
had contributed greatly to the overall military training effort.
militia
A military force that operates on a temporary basis and whose
members often have other interests. A militia can be utilised
to support regular army activities in a particular situation.
Example: The convoy included troops, militia and civilians.
mine clearance
The process of removing mines from a route or area, either on
land or at sea.
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mine detector
A device used to confirm whether or not there are mines in a
particular area.
mine disposal
The operation by suitably qualified personnel designed to render
mines safe, or to neutralize, recover, remove, or destroy them.
mine plough
A device used in mine clearance that digs the earth and
detonates mines on contact.
mine spotting
The process of visually observing a mine or minefield.
mine weapons
The collective term for all weapons that can be used in
mine warfare.
mine-clearing vehicle
A special motor vehicle designed for the removal of mines.
mined area
An area declared dangerous because of the presence or suspected
presence of mines.
An area of ground or water containing mines emplaced with or
without a pattern.
minefield
Example: The submarine had detected a large minefield
off the coast in the vicinity of the harbour entrance.
minefield breaching
The process of clearing a lane through a land minefield
in tactical conditions.
minefield density
On land, minefield density is the average number of mines per
meter of minefield front, or the average number of mines per
square meter of minefield. At sea, the density is the average
number of mines per nautical mile.
Example: Once the minefield had been detected, there was
a need to determine its density.
minefield lane
A marked lane, unmined, or cleared of mines, leading through
a minefield.
minefield marking
The visible marking of all points required in laying a minefield
and indicating the extent of a minefield.
minefield record
A complete written record of all pertinent information concerning
a minefield, and submitted on a standard form by the officer-incharge of the laying operations.
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The act of employing sensor and neutralization systems, whether of
the air, surface, or subsurface type, to locate and dispose of
individual mines. The purpose of mine-hunting is to eliminate mines
in a known field when sweeping is neither feasible nor desirable.
Mine-hunting is also the act of verifying either the presence
or absence of mines in a given area.
mine-hunting
minimum-risk route
MRR
A temporary corridor of defined dimensions for use by high-speed,
fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazard to
low-flying aircraft transiting a combat zone.
Example: The aircraft transited the MRR and then deployed
separately on their respective missions.
The failure of a weapon to fire or explode properly, or the failure of
a primer, or the propelling charge of a round or projectile, to
function wholly or in part.
misfire
A combatant of unknown whereabouts during military operations.
missing in action
MIA
Example: The telephone message confirmed that Corporal
Smith was MIA.
Mission
administrativesupport plan
An administrative-support plan is prepared in relation to a
Mission's SOPs. In the context of operational support, the plan
complements the operation plan or operation order.
mission analysis
The analysis of a mission
Material condition of an aircraft indicating that it is capable
of performing at least one and potentially all of its designated tasks.
mission-capable
MC
Example: Just 4 of the aircraft were serviceable and only 2
of those were considered MC.
mission report
A standard report containing the results of an airborne mission
and significant sightings along the flight route.
mission survey team;
assessment team
An assessment team or mission survey team is that dispatched to
survey a new mission site and gather data to facilitate a
subsequent full assessment of the force size, composition
and logistical needs for a new peacekeeping operation.
mobilization exercise
An exercise involving, either completely or in part, the
implementation of mobilization plans.
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The various modes used for a movement, ie inland surface
transportation, for example, rail, road, and inland waterway;
sea transportation: coastal and ocean; air transportation;
and pipeline conveyance.
mode of transport
Example: There were various modes of transport available.
A type of petrol bomb, usually a bottle filled with petrol or other
liquid fuel, with a piece of cloth in its top which is set on fire
and thrown by hand.
Molotov cocktail
Example: The riot was getting out of control and Molotov
cocktails were flying all over.
The liquidation of remnants of enemy resistance in an area that
has been surrounded or isolated, or through which other units have
passed without eliminating all active resistance.
mopping up
Example: The enemy had already been defeated and all
that remained was some mopping up to ensure that the
area was safe to occupy.
mortar
A muzzle-loading, indirect-fire weapon with either a rifled or
smooth bore. A mortar usually has a shorter range than a howitzer,
employs a higher angle of fire, and has a tube with a length of
10-20 calibre.
motorized unit
A unit equipped with complete motor transportation that enables all
personnel, weapons, and equipment to be moved at the same time
without assistance from other sources.
movement control
The planning, routing, scheduling, and supervision of personnel
and cargo movements over lines of communication.
movement control cell
movement control
centre
movement-control
chief officer; chief,
movement control
MCC
Part of a Mission's (civilian or military) movement control unit
that coordinates second-line transportation.
MCC
A centre that allocates resources and coordinates air, rail, road
and sea movements. One MCC is attached to the civilian component
of a Mission and another to the military component. Both form
the Joint Movement Control Centre.
MovCon
chief officer
A civilian responsible for the scheduling of air transport
(commercially-hired/chartered aircraft and ships) to meet normal,
emergency and staff travel requirements. The MovCon Chief
Officer is also responsible for bills of loading, customs
documentation and freight forwarding.
movement control
post
The post through which the control of movement is exercised by
the commander, depending on operational requirements.
movement order
An order issued by a commander covering the details for a move
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of the command.
movement plan
A naval plan providing for the movement of the amphibious task
force to the objective area. A movement plan includes information
and instructions concerning the departure of ships from embarkation
points, the passage at sea, and the approach to and arrival in
assigned positions in the objective area.
movement-report
system
A system established to collect and make available to certain
commands vital information on the status, location, and movement of
commands, units etc.
movement restriction
A restriction temporarily placed on traffic into and/or out of areas
to permit clearance of or prevention of congestion.
multinational force
MNF
A force composed of military elements of nations who have formed
an alliance or coalition for some specific purpose.
multinational force
commander
MNFC
A general term applied to a commander who exercises command
authority over a military force comprising elements from 2
or more nations.
multinational logistics
The logistics used in multinational operations.
multinational
operations
A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces
of 2 or more nations, that are usually undertaken within the
structure of a coalition or alliance.
Multinational United
Nations Stand-by
Forces HighReadiness Brigade
multiple rocket
launcher system
See United Nations High-Readiness Brigade.
MRLS
A rocket-launch system with the capability to fire salvos.
mutual support
That support that units render each other against an enemy,
because of their assigned tasks, their position relative to each
other/to the enemy, or because of their inherent capabilities.
named area of interest
The geographical area where information that could satisfy a
specific information requirement can be collected. NAIs are
usually selected so that information can be obtained either
on the possible courses of action of adversaries, or that
is related to conditions in the battle area.
NAI
A broad course of action or statements of guidance adopted by a
government in pursuit of national objectives.
national policy
Example: It was national policy to develop a civil defence
capability.
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A collective term encompassing both national defence and
foreign relations of a state.
national security
Example: The development was a threat to national security.
national security
interests
The foundation for the development of valid objectives that
define national goals or purposes.
national security
strategy
The art and science of developing, applying, and coordinating
the instruments of national power (diplomatic, economic, military,
and informational) to achieve objectives that contribute to national
security. National security strategy can also be referred to as
national strategy or grand strategy.
national strategy
The art and science of developing and using the diplomatic,
economic, and informational powers of a nation, together with
its armed forces, during peace and war to secure national
objectives. National strategy can also be referred to as
national security strategy or grand strategy.
natural disaster
An emergency situation that is the result of natural causes
that pose a significant danger to life and property.
The natural elements of geographical relief, such as hills,
valleys, rivers etc.
natural features
Example: He was then able to exploit the natural features
of the terrain to his advantage.
nautical mile
nm
A measure of distance equal to one minute of arc on the
Earth's surface.
naval base
A naval base primarily established to support forces afloat,
or those contiguous to a port or anchorage. The
Navy has operating responsibility for the facility and its
associated activities, together with its interior lines
of communication, and jurisdiction over the minimum
surrounding area necessary for local security.
naval operation
A naval action, or the performance of a naval mission, that may
be strategic, operational, tactical, logistical, or for training
purposes.
naval special warfare
A designated naval warfare specialty that conducts operations in
coastal waters, rivers, or maritime environments. Naval special
warfare involves small, flexible, mobile units operating under,
on, or from the sea. These operations are characterized by
stealth, speed, and precise application of force.
NSW
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naval special-warfare NSW forces
NAVSWF
forces
Those active and reserve component naval forces designated
by the Secretary of Defence and specifically organized, trained,
and equipped to conduct and support special operations.
Example: There was a need to consider NAVSWF for
the operation.
naval special-warfare
task group
NSWTG
A provisional naval special-warfare organization that plans,
conducts and supports special operations in support of fleet
commanders and joint-force special-operations
component commanders.
Example: The command had come directly from NSWTG.
negotiated access
A process in which humanitarian organizations negotiate with
a warring party the right to deliver a specified number of aid
shipments, along a specified route, to a population in need.
Example: The unit exploited the negotiated access and was
able to obtain important intelligence during the operation.
negotiations
A discussion between authorities and a barricaded offender or
terrorist to effect hostage release and terrorist surrender.
A potentially lethal chemical agent that interferes with the
transmission of nerve impulses.
nerve agent
Example: The team detected nerve agent during the operation
and took appropriate measures.
net call sign
A call sign that represents all stations within a net.
net weight
The weight of a ground vehicle without fuel, engine oil, coolant, onvehicle materiel, cargo, or operating personnel.
neutral state
A state that pursues a policy of neutrality during war
in accordance with international law.
neutrality
A state of impartiality in war that is adopted by third-party states
toward a belligerent. When subsequently recognized by the
belligerent state, neutrality creates rights and duties between the
impartial state and the belligerent state.
neutralization
A mine is said to be neutralized when it has been rendered,
by external means, incapable of activating on the passage of a
target, albeit the mine might remain dangerous to handle.
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news-media
representative
NMR
An individual employed by a civilian radio or television station,
newspaper, newsmagazine, periodical, or news agency
to gather and report on a newsworthy event.
night-vision device;
night-observation
device; night-vision
equipment; nightviewing aid; nightviewing goggles
NVD
NOD
NVE
NVA
NVG
A variety of night-sight devices that utilise passive image
intensifiers and/or thermal imagers to improve observation, target
acquisition or aim in low-light conditions.
no later than;
not later than
nlt
no-fly zone;
no-fly area;
air-exclusion zone
NFZ
Not after a usual or expected time.
Example: The order was to report to the HQ nlt 0800.
An area or strip of land that no party owns or controls, such as a
strip of land between the borders of 2 countries in dispute.
no-man’s land
non-combatant
evacuation operations
NCEOs
Operations directed by government, whereby non-combatants are
evacuated from a country when their lives are endangered by
war, civil unrest, or natural disaster.
Citizens of a nation whose lives are endangered by war, civil
unrest, or natural disaster and who may be ordered to evacuate
by the appropriate authority.
non-combatant
evacuees
non-commissioned
officer
An airspace of defined dimensions in which air operations are
permitted only by UN forces. Violations would be prevented by
air defence measures or the use of fighter aircraft.
NCO
An enlisted person promoted through the ranks and of the rank
of corporal or sergeant.
non-fixed medical
treatment facility
A medical-treatment facility designed to be moved from place
to place, including medical treatment facilities afloat.
non-governmental
organization
NGOs
A transitional organization of private citizens that maintains a
consultative status with the Economic & Social Council of the
United Nations. Non-governmental organizations may be
professional associations, foundations, multinational businesses,
or simply groups of people with a common interest
in humanitarian-assistance activities.
North Atlantic
Cooperation Council
NACC
Former consultative forum that brought together the members
of NATO and Central and Eastern European countries. The NACC
has been replaced by the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC).
North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation
NATO
A military alliance of democratic states in Europe and
North America.
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not seriously injured
NSI
The casualty status of a person whose injury may or may not
require hospitalisation and who is not classified as either
seriously injured, or suffering from an incapacitating
illness or injury.
NOVEMBER
The letter N in the phonetic alphabet.
nuclear weapon
A weapon capable of producing a nuclear reaction and
release of nuclear energy.
nuclear, biological &
chemical defence
NBCD
Defensive measures that enable friendly forces to survive and
fight against enemy use of nuclear, biological, or chemical
weapons and agents.
Example: In NBC RED conditions, personnel are required
to wear NBCD clothing and protection.
nuclear-powered
aircraft carrier
An aircraft carrier powered by nuclear energy.
observation platform
An aircraft, ship or vehicle carrying a observation
devices, as distinct, for example, from a weapons platform.
observation post
A permanently manned location from where military actions and
movements can be observed. Each OP is allotted a serial number
or name identifying its type and sector. An OP can sometimes
be known as a 'scouting picket'.
OP
observer mission
A team of unarmed officers assigned to man observation posts, and
monitor ceasefires and armistices.
occupied territory
Territory under the authority and effective control of a belligerent
armed force. The term is not applicable to territory being
administered pursuant to peace terms, treaty, or other agreement,
either expressed or implied, with the civil authority of the territory.
officer commanding
OC
An officer commanding commands a smaller unit than that
commanded by a commanding officer.
The official way of giving, directing or communicating.
official channels
Example: The government pursued every diplomatic and official
channel to free the hostages.
official information
Information that is owned by, produced for, produced by, or is
subject to the control of a government.
open route
A route not subject to traffic or movement-control restrictions.
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Those forces whose primary mission is to participate in combat
and the integral supporting elements thereof.
operating forces
operation &
maintenance
O&M
The maintenance and repair of property, the operation of utilities,
and the provision of other services such as refuse collection and
disposal, entomology, snow removal, and ice alleviation.
A map showing the location and strength of friendly forces
involved in an operation. An operation map might indicate
predicted movement and location of enemy forces, for example.
operation map
operation order
OPORD
A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders
for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution
of an operation.
operation plan
OPLAN
Any plan, except for the Single Integrated Operational Plan,
relating to the conduct of military operations.
operation plan
OPLAN
Formal directives, in the same format as operation orders, that
are designed to meet a contingency that is expected but
not imminent.
The authority granted to a commander to utilise the operational
capabilities of assigned forces to undertake mandated missions
and tasks. There are 3 degrees of operational authority: operational
command, operational control and tactical control.
operational authority
operational command OPCOM
operational control
OPCON
The authority granted to a commander to assign missions or tasks
to subordinate commanders to deploy units, reassign forces etc,
and to enable him to retain or delegate operational
or tactical control.
The command authority that may be exercised by commanders
at any echelon at or below the level of combatant command..
operational
procedures
The detailed methods by which HQs and units carry out
their operational tasks.
operational readiness
The capability of a unit/formation, ship, weapons system, or equipment
to perform the missions or functions for which it is designed.
The term OR may be used in a general sense, or to express a
level or state of readiness.
OR
operational readiness
evaluation
An evaluation of the operational capability and effectiveness of a
unit or any portion thereof.
operational reserve
An emergency reserve of men and/or materiel established for the
support of a specific operation.
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operational route
A land route allocated to a command for the conduct of a
specific operation.
operations
Military actions or the conduct of strategic, tactical, service, training,
or administrative military missions. Ops is also the process of combat,
including the movement, supply, attack, defence and manoeuvres
needed to meet the objectives of any battle or campaign.
operations other than
war
ops
OOTW
Military activities during peacetime and conflict that do not
necessarily involve armed clashes between 2 forces.
Example: The campaign would also involve OOTWs.
Operations to halt violence and support, reinstate, or establish civil
authority. Operations to restore order are designed to return an
unstable and lawless environment to the state where indigenous police
forces can effectively enforce the law and restore civil authority.
operations to restore
order
Term used for' the enemy' in training exercises.
opposing forces
opfor
Example: The opfor therefore had a distinct advantage.
optical sight
Optical device attached to a weapon for the purposes of taking aim.
order
A communication, either in written, oral, or signal form, that
conveys instructions from a superior to a subordinate. In a broad
sense, the terms order and command are synonymous. However,
an order implies discretion as to the details of execution,
whereas a command does not.
ordnance
Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics and similar stores, ie
bombs, guns, ammunition, flares, smoke, napalm etc.
Organization for
Security &
Cooperation in
Europe
The largest regional security organization in the world with 55
participating countries from Europe, Central Asia and North
America. OSCE is active in early warning, conflict prevention,
crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation.
OSCE
OSCAR
The letter O in the phonetic alphabet.
Lacking ammunition.
out of ammunition
Example: Having deployed mass fire for an extended period,
the Force was soon likely to be out of ammunition.
out of bounds
Entry prohibited.
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Example: The quarters were subsequently declared out of bounds.
outsized cargo
A single item of cargo, too large for palletisation or
containerisation.
overt operation
An operation conducted openly, without concealment.
PAPA
The letter P in the phonetic alphabet.
Soil covering the backside of a trench, opposite of parapet.
parados
Example: The parados was becoming unstable.
paramedic
A person who is trained to do medical work, but who is not
a doctor or nurse
paramilitary forces
Forces or groups distinct from the regular armed forces of any
country, but resembling them in organization, equipment, training,
or mission.
A low wall along the front edge of a trench.
parapet
Example: The parapet was of insufficient height.
pararescue team
PRT
Specially trained personnel qualified to penetrate to the site of an
incident by land or parachute, render medical aid, accomplish
survival methods, rescue survivors etc.
paratrooper
A soldier trained to be dropped from an aircraft by parachute
parlimentaire
An agent deployed behind enemy lines for the purpose of
communicating or negotiating openly and directly with
the enemy.
1. A password or distinctive sound in reply to a challenge.
parole
2. The release of a prisoner of war on condition that he/she
will no longer take part in combat.
partial mobilization
The process by which armed forces or an element of them are
brought to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency.
parties to the conflict
Another term for the conflicting parties.
partisan
A member of a secret armed force whose aim is to fight against an
enemy in control of the country.
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partisan warfare
Not to be used - see 'guerrilla warfare'.
Partnership for Peace
Transitional- association status offered to former members of the
Warsaw Pact and non-aligned nations, whereby those countries have
the opportunity to cooperate with NATO in peacekeeping, search
and rescue, humanitarian and other agreed-to operations.
PFP
Measures taken to reduce the probability of, or to minimize the
effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention
of taking the initiative.
passive defence
1. A mine whose anti-countermining device has been operated,
this preventing the firing mechanism from being actuated. Such
mines will usually remain passive for a comparatively short time.
passive mine
2. A mine that does not emit a signal to detect the presence
of a target.
password
A secret word or distinctive sound used to reply to a challenge
patrol
In peacekeeping operations, patrols, mounted or dismounted,
are carried out only in an overt, high-profile manner. Military
patrols can be combat patrols, escort patrols, reconnaissance
patrols, reconnoitring patrols, ambush patrols, standing
patrols, security patrols etc.
Example: Although several patrols were in the vicinity, there
was a specific need to patrol the border area.
pattern laying
The laying of mines in a fixed relationship to one another.
payload capacity
The total sum of the weight of passengers and cargo that an
aircraft can carry.
paymaster
A person/officer in charge of payments.
peace-agreement
implementation
The act of putting into effect a peace agreement
peace building
Post-conflict actions, predominately diplomatic and economic, that
strengthen and rebuild governmental infrastructure and institutions
so as to avoid a relapse into conflict.
peace enforcement
PE
The application or threat of military force, normally with international
authorization, to ensure compliance with resolutions or sanctions
aimed at maintaining or restoring peace and order.
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peace-support
operations
Preventive deployments, such as peacekeeping and peaceenforcement operations, diplomatic activities,
peacemaking, peace building etc. Peace-support operations
can include humanitarian assistance, fact-finding, electoral
assistance and the like.
peace building
Identifying and supporting measures and structures, in the aftermath
of a conflict, that solidify peace and build trust and interaction
among former enemies, so as to avoid a relapse into conflict.
Peace building often involves elections organized, supervised or
conducted by the UN, the rebuilding of civil infrastructures and
economic reconstruction.
peacekeeper;
peacekeeping soldier
The term 'peacekeepers' can include civilian staff, whereas the term
'peacekeeping soldiers' does not. In practice, however, the term
usually refers to the military component of a
peacekeeping operation.
peacekeeping
PK
A hybrid politico-military activity aimed at conflict control
that involves a UN presence in the field, possibly involving both
military and civilian personnel, with the consent of all parties. The
aim of peacekeeping is to implement or monitor the implementation
of arrangements relating to the control of conflicts, ie cease-fires,
separation of forces etc and protect the delivery of humanitarian relief.
PKO
PKOs are non-combat military operations undertaken by external
forces with the consent of the belligerent parties concerned. PKOs
are designed to monitor and facilitate the implementation of existing
truce agreements in support of diplomatic efforts
towards a political settlement. PKOs involve peacekeeping forces,
observer missions and combined operations.
peacekeeping
operation
peace making
peace-restoration;
conflict-mitigation
operation
pecuniary liability
A diplomatic process of brokering an end to conflict, principally
through mediation and negotiation. Military activities contributing
to peacemaking include military-to-military contact, security
assistance, shows of force and preventive deployments.
A new and tentative concept applying to those multidimensional
operations that, while originally mandated under Chapter VI, are
forced by reality into Chapter VII operations. For example, when
humanitarian convoys need to be defended by force of arms, or
an exclusion zone needs to be enforced by air strikes.
A personal, joint, or corporate monetary obligation to make good
any loss, damage, or destruction caused through fault or neglect.
Pecuniary liability may also result under conditions stipulated
in a contract or bond.
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penetration
A military offensive that breaks through the enemy's defence.
percentage clearance
The estimated percentage of mines of specified
characteristics that have been cleared from an area or channel.
1. A mechanical or electrical explosive device or a small amount of
explosive that can be used to fire an explosive charge cause
detonation.
percussion cap
2. A device inside a bomb that causes the bomb to explode by timer,
on impact or by sensor.
percussion fuse
A mechanical or electrical fuse that fires an explosive charge.
perimeter defence
A boundary defence without an exposed flank, comprising forces
deployed along the perimeter. The defence can utilise obstacles
and fortifications that might surround a compound, position,
observation post, checkpoint etc.
periodic summary
PERSUM
Details concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her
life and personality.
personal details
personal effects
An operational and administrative summary of the major events
that occur during a specified reporting period.
PE
All privately owned moveable, personal property of an individual.
personal property
Property of any kind belonging to an individual.
petrol bomb
A bottle containing petrol or other liquid fuel with a piece of cloth
in the neck that is set on fire when the bottle is thrown.
petroleum, oil &
lubricants
pol
A broad term to encompass all petroleum and associated
products used by the armed forces.
1. Assault. That period that commences with first contact with
civilians ashore and extends to the point of establishment of
military government control by the landing force.
phases of military
government
2. Consolidation. That period that commences with the
establishment of military government ashore by the landing force
and extends to the establishment of control by
occupation forces.
3. Occupation. That period that commences when an area has been
occupied, and the military commander within that area is in
a position to enforce public safety and order.
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phonetic alphabet
A list of standard words used for identifying letters in message
transmissions by radio or telephone: ALPHA, BRAVO, CHARLIE,
DELTA, ECHO, FOXTROT, GOLF, HOTEL, INDIA, JULIET,
KILO, LIMA, MIKE, NOVEMBER, OSCAR, PAPA, QUEBEC,
ROMEO, SIERRA, TANGO, UNIFORM, VICTOR, WHISKEY,
X-RAY, YANKEE, and ZULU.
phoney minefield
An area free of live mines used to simulate a minefield, or section
of a minefield, with the object of deceiving the enemy.
A continuous photograph or an assemblage of overlapping oblique
or ground photographs that have been matched and joined together
to form a continuous photographic representation of an area.
photographic
panorama
Example: The individual pictures were quickly assembled
to form a photographic panorama.
The simple recognition of natural or manmade features from
photographs not involving imagery-interpretation techniques.
photographic reading
Example: During the photographic reading, the presence
of enemy forces became apparent.
That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to
safeguard personnel and prevent unauthorized access to equipment,
installations, material, documents etc, and to safeguard them
against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft.
physical security
Example: Once the unit was in position, measures were
taken to provide physical security.
A detachment of troops guarding an army from surprise attack.
picket
Example: The picket post was well protected.
pillbox
A small, low fortification that houses machine guns, anti-tank
weapons etc. The construction is usually of concrete, steel, or
sandbags.
pipe-bomb
A small homemade bomb usually contained in a metal pipe.
place of embarkation
Another term for air or port point of embarkation.
plastic bullet
A large bullet made of hard plastic that is designed to injure,
but not to kill.
plastic explosive
PE
A soft explosive substance that is used to manufacture bombs and
that can be easily formed into different shapes.
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platoon
An army unit subordinate to a company or battalion. A platoon
usually comprises 4 squads, or sections, and is commanded by a
lieutenant. Infantry platoons vary in size from 24-50 men.
platoon commander
The commander of a platoon.
police adviser
(civilian)
A police officer tasked with assisting an SRSG in the preparation
of cooperation agreements with the national police, and also in
assisting with the supervision of civilian police monitors. A
police advisor also advises on human rights verification.
pontoon bridge
A temporary floating bridge constructed with small, flat
floating sections.
port capacity
The estimated capacity of a port or an anchorage to clear cargo
within a 24-hour period. Port capacity is usually expressed in tons.
port security
The safeguarding of vessels, harbours, ports, waterfront facilities,
and cargo from internal threats such as destruction, loss or injury
resulting from acts of sabotage or other subversive acts,
accidents, theft etc.
Example: Port security had been tight at the time.
position
A tactically-sited location, permanently occupied by armed troops,
from where various operational tasks, such as checkpoints,
roadblocks, observations and patrols can be conducted.
Example: Within a short time, each component of the force
had taken up position.
position defence
The type of defence in which the bulk of the defending force
is disposed in selected tactical localities in the location
where the decisive battle will be fought.
positional warfare
Military doctrine mainly based on position defence.
pouch
A small bag or soft container for the safeguard of cartridges.
1. An inert mine to which is fitted a fuse and a device to indicate,
in a non-lethal fashion, that the fuse has been activated.
practice mine
2. An inert-filled naval mine, complete with assembly, and
suitable for instruction and for practice in preparation.
Example: Practice mines were then laid in preparation
for the Exercise.
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prearranged fire
Fire that is formally planned and executed against targets or target
areas of known location.
pre-deployment
activities
Activities preceding the deployment of forces.
pre-emptive attack
An attack initiated on the basis of incontrovertible evidence that
an enemy attack is imminent.
pre-emptive strike
A strike initiated on the basis of incontrovertible evidence that
an enemy attack is imminent.
preparation fire
Fire delivered on a target preparatory to an assault.
pre-planned air
support
Air support in accordance with a program, planned in advance
of operations.
prevention
The security procedures undertaken by the public and private
sector to discourage terrorist acts.
preventive
deployment
Deployment of an inter-positional force to deter violence in a
zone of potential conflict, where tension is rising among parties.
preventive diplomacy
Action to prevent disputes from arising between parties, to
prevent existing disputes from escalating into conflicts,
and action to limit the spread of the latter.
preventive measures
Actions intended to stop something before it happens.
preventive medical PVNT-MED
measures
preventive war
primary censorship
Medical actions intended to prevent diseases, illnesses and
exposure to threats to the health and readiness of military
and civilian personnel.
A war initiated in the belief that military conflict is inevitable,
and that to delay would involve greater risk.
Censorship imposed by Command, or by a CO on the personal
communications of personnel assigned, attached, or otherwise
under the jurisdiction of that command.
Example: Because of the sensitive nature of the operation, the
CO had no alternative but to introduce primary censorship.
A function or duty of first rank or importance.
primary function
Example: The primary function of the device detection.
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Principal, although not exclusive, interest and responsibility for
accomplishment of a given mission, including responsibility for
reconciling the activities of other agencies with collateral interest
in the program.
primary interest
Example: His primary interest was to ensure the war did
not spread beyond the current area of hostilities.
primary target
An object of high publicity value. A target for terrorists,
for example.
prior permission
Permission granted before any action is taken.
A type of call to a MEDEVAC helicopter to indicate non-mortal
wounds, as opposed to, say, 'absolute emergency' or 'tactical
emergency'.
priority
Example: The priority transmission simply stated that injuries
were light.
A category of precedence reserved for messages that require quick
action by the addressee.
priority message
Example: The priority message simply stated that injuries
were light, but that reinforcements were necessary.
prisoner of war
POW
prisoner-of-war
censorship
One, who while engaged in combat under orders of his government,
is captured by the armed forces of an enemy.
The censorship of the communications to and from enemy POWs
and civilian internees held by the Armed Forces.
prisoner-of-war
compound
prisoner-of-war
enclosure
A subdivision of a POW enclosure.
A subdivision of a POW camp.
prisoner-of-war camp POW camp
A camp of semi-permanent nature established for the complete
administration of POWs. The camp might be located on, or
independent of, other military installations.
private property
Property/possessions of an individual.
private voluntary
organization
PVOs
A private, non-profit-making organization involved in
humanitarian assistance or development and relief activities.
privately owned
vehicle
POV
A vehicle that is a personal possession.
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pro-active measures
Measures taken in the preventive stage of anti-terrorism and
designed to harden targets and detect actions before they occur.
proactive minecountermeasures
Measures intended to prevent the enemy from successfully
laying mines.
probability of damage
PD
The probability that damage will occur to a target. Probability
of damage is expressed as either a percentage or
as a decimal.
Example: The pilot estimated the PD to the complex to be
some 40 per cent.
procedure word
proclamation
proword
A word or phrase limited to radio telephony procedure and
used to facilitate communication by conveying information in a
condensed, standard form.
A document published to the inhabitants of an area that sets forth
the basis of authority and the scope of activities of a commander
in a given area, and which defines the obligations, liabilities, duties,
and rights of the population affected.
The process of obtaining personnel, services, supplies, and
equipment.
procurement
prohibited area
promote
Example: Procurement of the necessary supplies and
equipment would be difficult; however, it was possible
that certain priority items could be procured from the
local population.
A specified area of the surface over which the flight of aircraft is
prohibited, or to which surface access is prohibited.
To elevate someone to a higher rank or position within
an organisation.
Example: On return to duty, he was promoted to Lt Col.
property damage
Damage inflicted on property.
protected frequencies
Friendly frequencies used for a particular operation that are
identified and protected to prevent them from being jammed by
friendly forces while active electronic-warfare measures are
directed against hostile forces.
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protected site
A facility that is protected by the use of camouflage or concealment,
selective siting, or the construction of facilities designed to prevent
damage from fragments caused by conventional weapons.
protective clothing
Clothing especially designed, fabricated, or treated to protect
personnel against hazards caused by extreme changes in physical
environment, dangerous working conditions, or enemy action.
protective mask
A protective ensemble designed to protect the wearer's face and eyes
and prevent the breathing of air contaminated with chemical
and/or biological agents.
1. A minefield employed to assist a unit in its local,
close-in protection.
protective minefield
2. A minefield laid in friendly territorial waters
to protect ports, harbours, anchorages, coasts and coastal routes.
psychological
operations
psyops
Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to
foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective
reasoning, and ultimately the behaviour of foreign governments,
organizations, groups, and individuals. The purpose of psychological
operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behaviour
favourable to the originator's objectives.
Example: The enemy's psyops were proving extremely
effective and civil unrest was becoming a problem.
psychological warfare
psywar
The planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions
having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions,
attitudes, and behaviour of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to
support the achievement of national objectives.
Example: All measures were being considered, including the
effective use of psywar.
public affairs
guidance
public information
PAG
PI
Normally, a package of information to support the public
discussion of defence issues and operations.
Information of a military nature, the dissemination of which through
public news media is not inconsistent with security, and the release
of which is considered desirable or non-objectionable to the
responsible releasing agency.
Example: The public-information message was to be
broadcast at 1800.
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public information
officer;
press information
officer
public relations
officer
PIO
1. Most commonly, a UN civilian staff member, who coordinates the
activities of public relations officers of national contingents. A PIO
serves as liaison between a peacekeeping force and the media, and
serves in an advisory capacity to the force commander, or the special
representative of the UN Secretary-General. The PIO is concerned
with external relations in respect of local communities and the
media, and he sometimes acts as spokesman.
2. The title PIO might also refer to the information officer of a
contingent, with responsibility for informing the public of his home
country of a contingent's activities in the field. Conversely, the
PIO might provide members of his own contingent with news
from home and from within the contingent itself.
PRO
A military officer, with responsibilities similar to those of
the contingent Public Information Officer, with responsibility
for informing the public of his home country of the activities of
a particular contingent and for providing members of his contingent
with news either from home or from within that contingent.
purchasing &
processing officer
An officer, usually a civilian, in the procurement section
of a PKO.
pyrotechnics
Ammunition containing chemicals that produce smoke or
brilliant light that is used for the purposes of signalling or for
lighting up an area at night. Flares are a type of pyrotechnic.
To provide shelter for troops, HQs, establishments and supplies.
quartering
Example: Quartering the troops in the field would be difficult;
however, they would be away from their current quarters
for just a short period.
quartering area;
quartering site
The temporary quartering of troops in the process of
being demobilized.
quartermaster
An army officer who provides clothing and subsistence to troops.
QUEBEC
The letter Q in the phonetic alphabet.
quick-reaction force
QRF
A rapid deployment force.
The limits within which objects can be detected by one or
more radar stations.
radar coverage
Example: The aircraft would soon be within radar coverage,
when air traffic control would be able to provide guidance.
radar intelligence
radint
Intelligence derived from data collected by radar.
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The total amount of ionising radiation absorbed.
radiation dose
Example: Unfortunately, he had received a high dose of
radiation, which had exceeded the maximum safe
radiation dose for personnel in the field.
Wireless medium for communications.
radio communications
Example: Radio communication had been lost at a critical point.
The use of radio transmissions to deceive the enemy. Radio
deception includes the sending of false dispatches, the use of
deceptive headings, the employment of enemy call signs etc.
radio deception
The detection of the presence of an object by radio-location
without precise determination of its position.
radio detection
Example: To avoid radio detection, all communications were
to be by hand signals.
radio-range station
A radio-navigation station on land or at sea, within the Aeronautical
Radio-Navigation Service, which provides radio equi-signal zones.
radio telephony
The transmission of speech by means of modulated radio waves.
The maximum distance a ship, aircraft, or vehicle can travel from its
base, with normal combat load, and return without refuelling,
and allowing for all safety and operating factors.
radius of action
Example: The known radius of action of the intruder was
some 800 nm.
rapid-deployment
force
rapid-reaction force
RDF
Short-notice contingency force, formed both unilaterally and with
partners, the of which might range from disaster relief, or
humanitarian relief, to operations to maintain the peace or
engage in warfare. RDF is the generic term, whereas the term
rapid-reaction force relates to various specific formations.
RRF
The term used for various specific formations, ie a NATO
contingent, an UNPROFOR contingent, or a UNSAS contingent.
The generic term used for this type of formation is RapidDeployment Force'.
The number of rounds fired per minute.
rate of fire
Example: The rate of fire for the weapon was 1000 rounds per minute.
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rate of march
The average number of miles or kilometres to be travelled in a
given period of time, including all ordered halts. The rate of march
can be expressed in either miles or kilometres per hour.
A limited or approved amount of an item, such as food, that
one person is permitted.
ration
Example: Because of the delay and the hot weather, the
supply of water would need to be rationed.
A strong wire constructed with barbs of sharp metal placed
closely together, which is utilised for fencing.
razor wire
Example: The facility had been surrounded by a razor-wire
fence, which served to hinder the attack.
readiness
The ability of military forces to fight and meet the demands
of the military strategy.
1. The rear-most elements of a force either advancing or retreating.
The functions of a rear guard might be to protect the rear of a
column from attack during a withdrawal, to delay an enemy during
an advance, or to keep supply routes open.
rear guard
2. A security detachment positioned at the rear of a moving
ground force to keep that force informed of enemy activity
and to keep it covered from attack.
Example: A rear-guard action was necessary, so the commander
detailed the unit to fall back and form a rear guard.
A vehicle used for reconnaissance purposes.
recce vehicle
recognition
Example: The vehicle could prove invaluable for
recce purposes.
1. The determination by any means of the identity of persons;
objects, such as aircraft, ships, or tanks; or phenomena, such
as communications-electronics patterns. Recognition also
refers to the classification of an object as being one of a
particular category of, say, tank, aircraft or vehicle.
Any prearranged signal by which individuals or units
may identify each other.
recognition signal
Example: He awaited the recognition signal and it duly came
as briefed.
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1. A collection of visual, photographic, infrared or electronic
information relating to enemy forces or terrain.
reconnaissance
recon;
recce
2. The employment of probing forces to ascertain enemy
dispositions or weapon locations.
Example: The vehicle could prove invaluable for
recce purposes.
A method of reconnaissance in which fire is placed on a suspected
enemy position to cause the enemy to disclose its presence and
location either by means of movement or by returning fire.
reconnaissance by fire
reconnaissance
exploitation report
reccexrep
A standard message format used to report the results of a tactical
air reconnaissance mission. Whenever possible the report should
include the interpretation of sensor imagery.
reconnaissance in
force
An offensive operation designed to discover and/or test the enemy's
strength or to obtain other information.
reconnaissance patrol
A patrol deployed to collect information or to assess terrain.
Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, rescue, and
return personnel, sensitive equipment, or items critical to security.
recovery operations
Example: A major recovery operation would be needed to
recover the downed planes.
A vehicle, aircraft, maritime, or land, on which isolated personnel
are boarded and transported from a pickup site in a search and
rescue operation.
recovery vehicle
recovery zone
RZ
A designated geographic area from which special-operations
forces can be extracted by air, boat, or other means.
Example: The unit needed to be in position at the RZ at 2300.
recruit
A recently enlisted soldier.
rectifier
An electrical device for converting alternating current (ac)
into direct current (dc).
redeployment
The transfer of forces and materiel from one task or location
to another. Personnel, equipment and materiel can also be
redeployed home to demobilization stations and subsequent
reintegration or out-processing.
Example: On completion of its task, the unit was redeployed to
the front line.
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redeployment
activities
redeployment phase
The activities related to the transfer of forces and materiel to support
another joint force commander's operational requirements, or to
return personnel, equipment, and materiel home to demobilization
stations for reintegration and/or out-processing.
The fifth and final phase in a peacekeeping operation, during which
the mission is phased out. The redeployment phase includes
stores drawdown, out-survey procedures and
transportation planning.
Example: The mission was entering its redeployment phase.
reduced lighting
Operating conditions in which the brightness of ground lighting is
reduced by either reducing power or by screening in such a way that
any visible light is limited in output.
Example: The commander ordered reduced lighting.
reference point
A prominent, easily located point in the terrain.
refuge area
A coastal area considered safe from enemy attack to which merchant
ships may be ordered to proceed when the shipping movement
policy is implemented.
refugee
A person who, by reason of real or imagined danger, has left their
home country or country of their nationality and is unwilling
or unable to return.
regiment
A military division.
regulated item;
controlled item
Any item whose issue to a user is subject to control by an
appropriate authority for reasons of cost or
scarcity, for reasons of a technical or hazardous nature, or
of operational significance.
reliability of source
Appraisal of an item of information in terms of the credibility
and reliability of its source, or the pertinence and accuracy
of the information itself.
Example: There was a need to check reliability of source, prior
to acting upon the information.
relief
The configuration of land features on the surface of the Earth. On
maps and charts, relief is represented by contour lines, hypsometric
tints, shading, spot elevations etc.
Example: The chart had limited use: it did not show the relief
of the land, nor any significant features.
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A building designed to be readily moved, erected, disassembled,
stored, or re-utilised.
relocatable building
Example: The building was of the relocatable variety.
A system or a device for controlling the likes of a machine or vehicle
from a distance by using electrical or radio signals.
remote control
Example: The remote control was damaged.
remotely piloted
vehicle;
unmanned aerial
vehicle
RPV;
UAV
An RPV can be controlled and directed from afar during its mission,
whereas a UAV must be pre-programmed for a task, which
it then executes without further intervention.
A person sent or returned to his home country.
repatriate
Example: While the policy was to repatriate all refugees, he was
hopeful that exceptions would be made and that he might avoid
repatriation.
1. The procedure whereby citizens and their families are officially
returned to their country of origin.
2. The release and return of enemy POWs to their own country.
repatriation
Example: While the policy was to repatriate all refugees, he was
hopeful that exceptions would be made and that he might avoid
repatriation.
replacements
Personnel required to take the place of others who have
departed a unit or have become casualties.
report line;
report point
Another term for a checkpoint.
Activity against a person, group or organisation, as a punishment
by military forces or a political group.
reprisal
Example: There would undoubtedly be reprisals following the
incident.
request for
information
RFI
Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for intelligence
information to support an ongoing crisis or operation.
Example: The RFI was sent PRIORITY.
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rescue combat-air
patrol
rescue ship
RESCAP
An aircraft patrol over a combat search-and-rescue area for the
purposes of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft.
The primary mission of a RESCAP is to protect the search-andrescue forces during recovery operations.
The ship of a convoy that is stationed at the rear of the column
to rescue survivors.
1. That portion of a body of troops that is kept to the rear, or
is withheld from action at commencement of an engagement, to be
available for a decisive movement.
reserve
2. Members of the Services who are not in active service, but who
may be called to active duty when required.
3. A portion of allocated funds that is held or set aside for future
operations or contingencies.
Example: The squadron had been held in reserve pending
the outcome of the initial operation.
reserve supplies;
reserves
Supplies accumulated in excess of immediate needs for the purpose
of ensuring continuity of an adequate supply.
Example: Because of the nature of the emergency, rations
were taken from the reserves to meet the immediate need.
reserved route
A specific traffic route that is allocated exclusively for use
by an authority or formation.
residual radiation
Nuclear radiation caused by fallout, artificial dispersion of
radioactive material, or irradiation that results from a nuclear
explosion and persists longer than one minute after burst.
resistance movement
An organized portion of the civil population of a
country that resists the legally established government or
occupying power and whose aim is to disrupt civil order
and stability.
Example: He was rescued by members of the local resistance
movement.
1. A measurement of the smallest detail that can be distinguished
by a sensor system, radar for example, under specific conditions.
resolution
resources
2. A formal expression by an official body such as the UN
Security Council, or NATO that may provide the basis for
or imposes limits on a military operation.
The forces, materiel, and other assets or capabilities apportioned or
allocated to a commander.
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A device worn over the mouth and nose to prevent harmful
substances from being inhaled. A respirator is commonly known
also as a 'gas mask'.
respirator
response force
RF
A mobile force with appropriate fire support tasked to deal with
Level II threats in the rear area.
The obligation placed on a person to ensure the proper custody,
care and safekeeping of property, documents, funds et al, entrusted
to that person. Responsibility compares closely
with 'accountability'.
responsibility
Example: He was given responsibility for the task by his
superiors and would be accountable to his OC should he fail.
rest and recuperation
R&R
The withdrawal of individuals from combat or duty in a combat area
for short periods of rest and recuperation.
restricted area
RA
Area under military jurisdiction in which special security measures
are employed to prevent unauthorized entry.
restricted-weapons
zone
RWZ
Zone within which no heavy military equipment is allowed.
restrictive-fire area
RFA
An area in which specific firing restrictions are imposed and
into which firings that exceed those restrictions must not be
delivered without coordination with HQ.
re-supplying
The act of replenishing stocks to maintain required levels of supply.
retirement
An operation in which a force out of contact retreats from the enemy.
retirement route
The track or series of tracks along which helicopters withdraw
from a specific landing site or LZ.
Withdrawal by a military force to a more favourable position.
retreat
Example: The order was given to withdraw and the unit
retreated to a safe area.
revolt
Organised opposition to authority, ie a rebellion, insurrection,
or uprising.
rifle
A gun with a long barrel, which is fired from the shoulder.
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riot-control
operations
risk management
The employment of riot-control measures, tactics, formations
and equipment to control violent disorders.
RM
The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling the risks
associated with operational factors and decision making that
balance the risks with the likely benefits of a mission.
road block
A barrier or obstacle, usually with weapons in support, that is
used to block or limit the movement of hostile vehicles along a route.
road capacity
The maximum traffic flow possible on a given roadway, using all
available lanes. Road capacity is expressed in the number of
vehicles per hour or number of vehicles per day.
Example: The capacity of the road was some 200 vehicles per hour.
A sign used to indicate traffic hazards. Military-hazard signs
should be used in a communications zone only in accordance
with existing agreements with the national authorities.
road-hazard sign
Example: Road-hazard signs were placed at the entrance and
the exit to the zone, along with signs to indicate the presence
of military hazards.
A self-propelled vehicle whose trajectory or course while in flight
cannot be controlled.
rocket
Example: The guidance mechanism of the missile had failed;
the weapon was therefore now merely a rocket out of control.
rocket launcher
roll-call
Armament in the form of a device capable of launching a rocket; a
special device/weapon from which rockets or missiles are launched. a
mobile
rocket launcher.
Reading aloud the names of personnel on a roll to ensure
all are present.
Example: He was absent at the time and missed the roll-call.
ROMEO
The letter R in the phonetic alphabet.
route
The prescribed course to be travelled from a point of origin
to a specific destination.
1. The maximum traffic flow of vehicles in one direction at the
most restricted point on a route.
route capacity
2. The maximum number of metric tonnes that can be moved
in one direction over a particular route in one hour.
Example: Route capacity is the product of the maximum traffic
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flow and the average payload of vehicles using that route.
route classification
Classification of a route taking into account such factors as
minimum width, route comparisons, number of bridges to be
negotiated, passability, load classification, obstructions to traffic
flow, 'bottle necks', height of culverts etc.
rubber bullet
A bullet moulded in rubber designed to injure but not
kill. A plastic bullet serves the same purpose.
rules of engagement
Directives issued by DPKO that specify the way units within
a PKO are to act towards hostile parties and the
population in general.
ROE
Example: The action would have breeched the ROE.
runner
A soldier despatched to deliver an oral message.
runway
A defined rectangular paved area of an airfield, prepared for the
landing and take off of aircraft.
A trick of war designed to deceive the adversary.
ruse
sabotage
Example: The mission involved the deliberate exposure of false
information. The ruse would hopefully go undetected by the
enemy's intelligence system.
An act or acts with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the
national defence of a country by wilfully injuring or destroying, or
attempting to injure or destroy, any national defence or war materiel,
premises, or utilities, including human and natural resources.
Example: The incident was an act of sabotage in response to
the sabotaging of the enemy's fuel depot.
One who commits sabotage.
saboteur
Example: The saboteur was shot as he attempted to escape.
safe distance
The horizontal range from the edge of the explosion-damage area
in naval mine warfare to the centre of the minesweeper.
safe haven;
safe area;
safe humanitarian
zone;
A designated area in hostile territory that offers the evader or
escapee a reasonable chance of avoiding capture and of
surviving until he or she can be evacuated.
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protected zone
safe speed
A speed at which a particular ship engaged in naval mine
warfare can proceed without actuating a given influence mine, at the
depth under consideration, within the damage area.
A device that prevents unintentional functioning.
safety device
Example: He then activated the safety device to render the
weapon safe.
safety distance
The separation distance, specified by Command, at which
vehicles must travel in column to meet safety requirements.
safety fuse
A pyrotechnic contained in a flexible and weather-proof sheath that
will burn at a timed and constant rate. A safety fuse is used to
transmit a flame to the detonator.
safety zone
A surface area reserved for non-combat operations by friendly
aircraft, surface ships, submarines, or land forces.
sanctuary
A nation or region near or contiguous to the combat area that,
by tacit agreement between the warring powers, is exempt from
hostilities and can therefore serve as a refuge for staging, logistics,
or other activities by the combatant powers.
A military engineer who lays or detects and disarms mines.
sapper
Example: The sappers then moved in and began construction.
scale
The ratio or fraction between the distance on a map, chart, or
photograph and the corresponding distance on the
surface of the Earth.
Example: The scale on the map was deceptive; it would be
a large scale operation.
scatterable-mine
A mine laid without regard to pattern that can be delivered by
aircraft, artillery, missile, ground dispenser, or by hand. Once
laid, a scatterable mine normally has a limited life.
scheduled fire
Pre-arranged fire executed at a pre-determined time.
scheduled target
A planned target on which a weapon is to be delivered at a specific
time during combat-support operations.
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scientific & technical
intelligence
S&TI
The collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign
scientific and technical information.
scouting picket
sea point of
embarkation
Another term for an observation post.
SPOE
A term used in movement-control operations and also termed
port of embarkation.
sea surveillance
The systematic observation of surface and subsurface sea areas b
all available and practicable means, primarily for the purpose of
locating, identifying and determining the movements of ships,
submarines and other vehicles.
seaplane
An aircraft that can take off and land on water.
1. An operation to locate an enemy force.
search
search & rescue
2. A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all
parts of the area have passed within visibility.
SAR
The use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, specialized rescue
teams and equipment to search for and rescue personnel in
distress.
search & rescue
region
An inland or coastal area where search and rescue operations
are conducted.
search mission
An air reconnaissance by one or more aircraft dispatched to
locate an object or objects known or suspected to be in
a specific area.
search radius
A radius centred on a datum point having a length equal to the
total probable error, plus an additional safety length, to ensure a
greater than 50 percent probability that the SAR target is
in the search area.
secondary road
A road supplementing a main road, usually wide enough and
suitable for 2-way, all-weather traffic at moderate or slow speeds.
secondary targets
Alternative targets of lower strategic value that are attacked when
the primary target is unattainable.
Maintenance conducted at Force or formation level.
second-line
maintenance
Example: Second-line maintenance during the mission
would be the responsibility of PKO HQ.
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section
A unit that is smaller than a platoon and larger than a squad.
In some organizations, the section, rather than the squad, is the
smallest tactical unit.
sector
A specified area within which a unit operates and for
which it is responsible.
sector of fire
A defined area to be covered by the fire of individual weapons,
crew-served weapons, or the weapons of a unit.
security adviser
Civilian or police officer whose task is to advise on security issues.
Protective activities required to prevent espionage, sabotage, theft,
or unauthorized use of classified or controlled information,
systems, or material.
security
countermeasures
Example: Following the incident, there was a need to
enhance the Mission's security countermeasures.
A force tasked with taking precautionary measures against
theft, espionage, sabotage etc.
security force
Intelligence concerning the identity, capabilities, and intentions
of hostile organizations, or individuals, who are or may be engaged
in espionage, sabotage, subversion, or terrorism.
security intelligence
Example: The security intelligence available indicated the
presence of subversive activity.
security zone
SZ
Area in which no armed forces or heavy military equipment
are permitted.
The act of wilfully advocating or proclaiming the duty or necessity
of overthrowing a government or a political sub-division
by use of force or violence.
sedition
Example: He was guilty of sedition.
Any goods, including drugs and conveyances, seized by lawenforcement authorities and confiscated on evidence that those
goods were derived from or used in illegal activities.
seizures
Example: The seizures were sizeable in number and were
actioned as the cargo came ashore.
selected area for
evasion
SAFE
A designated area in hostile territory that offers evaders or escapees
a reasonable chance of avoiding capture and of surviving until
they can be evacuated.
Example: The SAFE was at the foot of the mountain and close
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to the border.
self-destruction fuse
A fuse designed to activate and explode a projectile prior to
the end of its flight.
Example: The missile was fitted with a self-destruction fuse.
Wound due to self-injury.
self-inflicted wound
Example: The man's wounds were self-inflicted.
semi-automatic
weapon
A weapon that has the mechanism to fire one bullet at a time,
or to fire rounds continuously in a sequence if required,
ie a semi-automatic pistol.
semi-fixed
ammunition
Ammunition in which the cartridge case is not permanently
attached to the projectile.
sensor
An item of equipment that detects, and may indicate and/or record
objects and activities by means of energy or particles emitted,
reflected, or modified by objects.
Example: The sensor had the capability to detect any object
that moved within a range of 300 metres.
A person, vehicle, aircraft or ship deployed to keep watch
or to act as a guard so as to protect a facility or an activity.
sentry
Example 1: A sentry was posted at the entrance to the cave
while the meeting took place.
Example 2: The minesweeper was placed on sentry duty at
the mouth of the river.
separation of forces
The withdrawal of opposing forces behind specified lines.
separation zone
An area between 2 adjacent horizontal or vertical areas, where
the entry of units is not permitted unless certain safety measures
are fulfilled.
seriously wounded
A casualty whose injuries or illness are of such severity that the
patient is rendered unable to walk or sit, thereby requiring a litter
for movement and evacuation.
Service dress
A uniform for formal occasions.
service mine
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A mine capable of a destructive explosion.
Work to maintain motor vehicles in an operational condition, ie
cleaning, lubricating, fuel and lubricant replenishment, the
checking of tyres and tyre air pressures etc.
servicing
Example: The journey had been long and arduous, and the
vehicle was in dire need of a good service.
A place where one can go for protection.
shelter
Example: During the action, the group had sheltered in
a basement, which had been an ideal shelter in the circumstances.
shock wave
The continuously propagated pressure pulse formed by the blast
from an air, under water or under ground explosion.
shooting report
A report of a shooting incident that includes the date, time and
location of the incident; the identity of the report's originator;
the number and types of weapons used; and the nature of fire,
ie rounds, bursts, spasmodic, sustained etc.
SHOOTREP
Example: According to the SHOOTREP, the incident was
one of self-defence.
shore party;
beach group
shortfall
The task organization of a landing force deployed for such purposes
as facilitating the beach landing and movement of troops, equipment,
and supplies; the evacuation of casualties and enemy POWs; and the
beaching, retraction and salvaging of landing craft. A shore party can
comprise elements of both naval and land forces.
A lack of forces, equipment, personnel, materiel, or capability
reflected as the difference between those resources identified as
required and those actually apportioned. A shortfall might
adversely affect the command's ability to accomplish its mission.
Example: The serious shortfall in equipment meant that
the force was inadequately equipped for the task at hand.
shovel
A long-handled tool for the purposes of moving loose material
such as sand, stones, coal or snow. In the form of a hand tool, a
shovel can also be used for digging. A spade, with a smaller,
sturdier face than a shovel would be used for digging in the ground.
Example: Shovels were issued to those personnel tasked with
snow-clearing, while the latrine party were issued with spades.
show of force
The deploying of military forces to deter a potential aggressor
and to demonstrate resolve.
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shrapnel
Small fragments of metal scattered by a bomb or similar weapon
when it explodes. Shrapnel is intended to injure and maim.
siege
The surrounding of a facility by an armed force with the intention
of defeating those defending it, or the action of an armed force
in surrounding a fortification and isolating it while
continuing to attack.
Example: The attacking forces laid siege to the harbour.
SIERRA
The letter S in the phonetic alphabet.
A device for the purpose of accurately aiming a weapon.
sight
Example: Through the telescopic sight, he could clearly
identify his prey.
signal pistol
A hand-held gun that fires signal flares.
signaller
Someone who communicates by signals.
1. A transmitted electrical pulse.
signal
2. An operational message, the text of which consists of one or
more letters, words, characters, signal flags, visual displays, or
special sounds, that is conveyed or transmitted by visual,
acoustical, or electrical means.
Example 1: The radio operator was receiving a signal, despite
the poor reception.
Example 2: Once in position, the sniper signalled his readiness.
signed route
significant (or special) SINCREP
incident report
silencer
A route along which a unit has placed directional signs bearing
its unit identification symbol. The signs are for that unit's use only
and must comply with movement regulations.
Initial, intermediate and final reports on serious incidents that
occur in a PKO's area of operation. SINCREPs are submitted by
units to a higher formation to report incidents in their
respective areas of responsibility.
1. Short tube attached to the muzzle of a gun that deadens the noise
of the weapon on firing.
2. That part of a vehicle exhaust that muffles the noise
single-flow route
A route at least one-and-a-half lanes wide allowing the passage
of a column of vehicles, and permitting isolated vehicles to pass or
travel in the opposite direction at predetermined points.
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Assessment produced by combining military geography, weather,
and threat data to provide a comprehensive projection of a
situation.
situation assessment
Example: The commander considered the situation assessment
and decided to move immediately.
Situation Centre
A map showing the tactical or the administrative situation at a
particular time.
situation map
situation report
skill-at-arms
The Situation Centre at PKO HQ.
SITCEN
SITREP;
Sit Rep
A report giving the situation in the area of a reporting unit or
formation.
Example: The SITREP provided clear evidence that the
operation was in trouble.
SAA
Military training using arms.
A minor, contained short-term fight that is usually not planned.
skirmish
Example: During the march they encountered a minor skirmish
with guerrillas.
A casualty whose injuries or illness are relatively minor and
which permit the patient to walk and/or sit.
slightly wounded
Example: The wounds were slight and he was able to
continue to operate.
A strap, piece of cloth, or rope for supporting, lifting
or carrying objects.
sling
Man-portable, individual, and crew-served weapons systems
used mainly against personnel and lightly armoured or
un-armoured equipment.
small arms
Example: During the skirmish, the unit came under smallarms fire.
small, austere airfield
SAAF
Unsophisticated airfield, usually with a short runway, that is
limited in facilities, and possibly useful only for the
operation of light aircraft.
small-scale map
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A map having a scale smaller than 1:600 000.
smart bomb
A bomb that is directed to its target by monitor and by means
of a signal or laser-guide system.
smoke discharger
A device that produces smoke that is used to mask either friendly
or enemy installations or manoeuvres.
smoke screen
A cloud of smoke used to screen an activity or to provide cover.
sniper
A marksman who shoots at people from a concealed place.
special assistant
A civilian who is responsible for arranging and organizing
the official schedule of an SRSG.
special cargo
A cargo that requires special handling or protection, such as
pyrotechnics, detonators, watches, and precision instruments.
Special Committee on
Peacekeeping
Operations
A special committee established to conduct a comprehensive review
of all aspects of peacekeeping operations.
Forces organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct
special operations.
special forces
SF
Example: Because of the nature of the task, the Force
Commander decided it would be special-forces operation.
A target or a contact that requires or deserves special interest.
special-interest target
SIT
Example: There was a need to select the SITs for the mission.
special-mission unit
SMU
A group of operations and support personnel task-organized to
perform highly classified activities.
1. Any form of action with a military purpose, yet not necessarily
involving the use of force or violence.
2. Military, commando-like actions against strategic or
tactical targets.
special operations
Example: On its return, the squadron was assigned to
special operations.
special-operations
command
SOC
A subordinate unified or other joint command established by
a joint-force commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support
joint special operations.
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special-operations
forces
special reconnaissance
SOF
SR
SOF are ctive or reserve forces that are specifically organized,
trained and equipped to conduct and support special operations.
Reconnaissance and surveillance activities conducted by specialoperations forces to obtain or verify, by visual observation or other
collection methods, information concerning the capabilities,
intentions, and activities of an actual or potential enemy, or to
secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or
geographic characteristics of a particular area.
Example: SR activities included target acquisition, area
assessment, and post-strike reconnaissance.
Special
Representative of the
Secretary-General
SRSG
The highest-ranking international civilian official in a
UN peacekeeping operation
specialist intelligence
report
SPIREP
A category of specialized, technical reports used for the
dissemination of intelligence.
specified command
A command that has a broad, continuing mission, normally functional
rather than geographic. A specified command normally comprises
forces from a single military department.
squad
The smallest tactical unit of military personnel.
squad section
A small group of personnel trained to work together as a unit.
An army officer on the staff of a senior commander who
assists in the planning of military activities.
staff officer
Example: His next appointment was likely to be that of
MOD staff officer, possibly with the general staffs.
staff sergeant
A SNCO rank below that of warrant officer.
staging area
A general locality established for the concentration of troop units
and transient personnel during mobilization.
standardization
The process of standardizing equipment and procedures
in a multinational organization. Standardization can
relate to low-level compatibility, inter-operability, interchange
ability and commonality in equipment.
stand-by phase
The first phase in a peacekeeping operation, whereby a
technical-survey team is dispatched to the potential mission
area, prior to or shortly after the Security Council adopts
a resolution.
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standing operating
procedures
standing order
state of alert
SOPs
SOPs detail the political and military operations in an area, ie
staff duties, the structure of force, the mandate and methods of
operations, those rules applicable to the carriage of weapons,
the use of force, states of alert et al.
A promulgated order that remains in force until amended or cancelled.
UN forces usually have 3 states of readiness: normal vigilance,
increased vigilance and full alert. The system allows for the
gradual stepping-up of UN reaction as a situation develops, for
example, in response to increased threats. The 3 states of alert are
normally designated by colours: white, amber and red.
Example: Prior to the attack, the alert state had been AMBER.
Defence readiness condition.
state of readiness
Example: Prior to the attack, the force had been at a
high state of readiness.
The process of maintaining inventory data concerning the
quantity, location, and condition of supplies and equipment.
stock control
storage life
Example: The stock-control staff checked the equipment due-in,
that on-hand and that due-out so that they could determine
the quantities of material and equipment available
for the task.
The length of time for which an item of supply, including explosives,
given specific storage conditions, may be expected to remain
serviceable and, if relevant, safe to use.
The delivery of automatic fire by aircraft on ground targets.
strafing
strategic advantage
Example: The aircraft banked and turned and then
completed a strafing run on the convoy.
The overall relative power relationship of opponents that enables
one nation, or group of nations, to control the course of a military
or political situation.
Example: In that conflict, NATO had a distinct
strategic advantage.
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strategic concept
The course of action accepted, once the strategic situation has
been considered. The strategic concept is a statement of
requirements, in broad terms, with sufficient flexibility to permit
its use in framing the military, diplomatic, economic and
informational measures that stem from it.
strategic intelligence
Intelligence that is required for the formulation of strategy, policy,
and military plans and operations at national and theatre levels.
strategic map
A map of medium scale or smaller that is used for planning
operations, including the movement, concentration and supply
of troops.
strategic mining
A long-term mining operation designed to deny the enemy the
use of specific sea routes or sea areas.
strategic mission
A mission directed against one or more of a selected series of
enemy targets with the purposes of progressive destruction and
disintegration of both the enemy's war-making capacity and
its will to wage war.
strategic plan
A plan for the overall conduct of a war.
strategic warning
A warning prior to the initiation of a threatening act.
strike force
A force comprising the units necessary to conduct strikes, attack
or assault operations.
strip marker
A natural, artificial, or specially installed marker that
is located at the start and finish of a mine strip.
strong point
A key point, in a defensive position, usually strongly fortified and
heavily armed with automatic weapons, around which other
positions are grouped for its protection.
stun grenade
A device that is used to temporarily incapacitate personnel
without permanently harming them.
sub-machine gun
A portable, light, rapid-fire automatic gun.
subsidiary landing
An amphibious landing usually outside the designated
landing area, the purpose of which is to support
the main landing.
Example: The marine commander was tasked with
making a subsidiary landing further along the coast.
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subversion
Action designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological,
or
political strength or morale of a regime.
supplies
Class I supplies relate to subsistence items; Class II to clothing,
tentage, individual tools etc; Class III to petroleum, oil and
lubricants; Class IV to construction materials; Class V to
ammunition; Class VI to troop equipments; Class VII to tanks,
artillery, trucks, planes etc; Class VIII to medical supplies; Class
IX to parts and assemblies; and Class X to non-military supplies.
supply depot
A specialized facility designed, equipped and manned to perform the
warehousing function and to conduct other activities, particularly
those associated with the maintenance of stocks.
supply point
Central point where rations can be drawn by contingents, daily
(fresh rations), or weekly (dry rations).
supply section
support to
counterinsurgency
support to insurgency
SS
Logistics & Communications Service, Department of
Peacekeeping Operations.
Support provided to a government in relation to the military,
paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions
it might be required to undertake to defeat insurgency.
Support provided to an organized movement and aimed at the
overthrow of a constituted government, through use of
subversion and armed conflict.
Example: The task of the contingent was to provide the
Government with support to insurgency.
supporting arms
Weapons and weapons systems of all types employed to
support forces by indirect or direct fire.
Example: The supporting arms brought up the rear.
supporting artillery
Artillery that executes fire missions in support of a specific unit,
usually infantry, but which remains under the command of a
more senior artillery commander.
Fire delivered by supporting units to assist or protect
a unit in combat.
supporting fire
Example: Supporting fire was provided by the
paramilitary forces on the flank.
supporting forces
Forces stationed in, or to be deployed to, an operational area to
provide support for the execution of an operation order.
supporting operations
Operations conducted by forces other than those conducted
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by the main force.
supporting plan
An operation plan prepared by a supporting commander or a
subordinate commander in support of the force commander's plan.
suppression mission
A mission to suppress an actual or suspected weapons system for the
purpose of degrading its performance at a specific time and
for a specified duration.
suppressive fire
Fire on or about a weapons system to degrade its performance
during the conduct of a fire mission or attack.
surface-to-air guided
missile
A guided missile launched from land or sea, for use against
airborne targets.
surface-to-air missile
SAM
A missile launched from land or sea, for use against
airborne targets.
surface-to-air weapon
A weapon fired from land or sea, for use against airborne targets.
surface-to-surface
guided missile
A guided missile launched from land or sea, for use against targets
on the surface.
surface-to-surface
missile
surrender
SSM
A missile launched from land or sea, for use against targets on
the surface.
To cease combat and acknowledge defeat.
A systematic observation of airspace or surface areas by visual,
aural, electronic, photographic, or other means.
surveillance
Example: The purpose of the drone was to conduct
surveillance of the area.
The vulnerability of a target audience to particular forms of
psychological operations.
susceptibility
Example: He was concerned at the susceptibility of the
locals to the propaganda.
sustainability
The degree of mobility and survivability of a unit considered
in relation to the tasks, deployment areas, and degree of
support allocated to that unit.
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sustained fire
SF
Prolonged fire, maintained without interruption or weakening.
sustainment phase
The fourth phase in a peacekeeping operation, during which the
logistics support of the contingents are the responsibility
of the UN.
swept path
The width of a lane swept during the mechanical sweep
of a minefield.
table of organization
& equipment
1. The TOE details the authorized levels of personnel and major
equipment in formations and their sub-units and
defines the order of battle.
TOE
2. Under the UN standby arrangements system, the TOE lists the
standard components available for peacekeeping operations, and
provide guidelines on task, organization, size, equipments etc.
tactical aero-medical
evacuation
That phase of evacuation that provides airlift for patients from the
combat zone to points outside the combat zone, and between points
within the communications zone.
tactical air force
An air force charged with carrying out tactical air operations in
coordination with ground or naval forces.
Air operations carried out in coordination with surface forces and
which directly assist land or maritime operations.
tactical air support
Example: The squadron was tasked with providing
tactical air support.
Tactical Command
TACOM
The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures and
personnel tasked with planning, directing, and controlling
the operations of assigned and attached forces.
Example: The orders from TACOM were explicit.
tactical concept
A statement, in broad outline, that provides a common basis for
the future execution of tactical doctrine.
tactical control
The Command authority over assigned or attached forces or
commands. Tactical control is inherent in operational control
and may be delegated to, and exercised at, any level at or
below the level of combatant command.
TACON
Example: The orders from TACOM were explicit.
tactical emergency
A call to a MEDEVAC helicopter to indicate casualties that are so
serious or on such a scale as to endanger the mission. The term
compares with 'absolute emergency' and 'priority'.
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tactical intelligence
TACINTEL
Intelligence that is required for the planning and
conduct of tactical operations.
tactical minefield
A minefield that is designed to directly attack enemy manoeuvres,
as part of a formation-obstacle plan. A tactical minefield is laid
for the purposes of delaying, channelling, or disrupting an enemy
advance, giving the defending element a positional advantage.
tactical mining
Mining designed to influence a specific operation or to counter a
known or presumed tactical aim of the enemy.
tactical reserve
That part of a force held under the control of the commander as a
manoeuvring force to influence future action.
tactical satellite
TACSAT
A satellite for use by forward air controllers.
tactical security
The measures necessary to deny information to the enemy
and to ensure that a force retains its freedom of action, and
is warned or protected against an unexpected encounter
with the enemy.
tactical troops
Combat troops, together with any service troops required for their
direct support, who are organized under one commander to operate
as a unit and engage the enemy in combat.
tactical unit
A grouping of troops, aircraft, or ships that is intended to serve
as a single unit in combat. A tactical unit may include other
units required to service it.
tailored forces
Forces or units organised or equipped to fit the need of
a particular operation.
TANGO
The letter T in the phonetic alphabet.
tank killer
Another term for an anti-tank helicopter.
target analysis
An examination of potential targets to determine military
importance, priority of attack and the weapons required to obtain
a desired level of damage or casualties.
Example: Prior to the attack, there was a need to conduct a
target analysis.
target audience
An individual or group selected for influence by
means of psychological operations.
target date
The date on which a planned action should be accomplished
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or initiated.
target intelligence
Intelligence that portrays and locates the components of a target
or target complex and indicates its vulnerability and relative
importance.
task fleet
A mobile command comprising ships and aircraft established for the
accomplishment of a specific major task or tasks that may be of a
continuing nature.
1. A temporary grouping of units under one commander, formed
for the purpose of carrying out a specific operation or mission.
task force
TF
2. A component of a fleet organized by the commander of a task
fleet or higher authority, for the accomplishment of a specific task.
1. A temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a
particular mission.
task organization
2. The distribution of available assets to subordinate control or a
subordinate HQ. Task organization may be accomplished by
attachment, by direct support, or by placing assets under
the operational control of a subordinate commander.
The process of translating the allocation of personnel, supplies
and equipment into orders, and the passing of these orders to
the units involved.
tasking
Example: His tasking was to execute the mission and
return to base by the most direct route.
A type of gas that makes the eyes fill with tears, but does not
damage them. Tear gas is used by police and armed forces primarily
for the purpose dispersing unruly crowds.
tear gas
Those characteristics of equipment that pertain primarily to the
engineering principles involved in producing equipment possessing
desired military characteristics.
technical
characteristics
technical
documentation
technical information
Example: The technical characteristics of electronic equipment
are circuitry and an arrangement of different types
of small components.
TECDOC
Any documentation regarding technical issues.
Information, including scientific information, that relates to
the research, development, engineering, test results, evaluation,
production, operation, use and the maintenance of
munitions and other military supplies and equipment.
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technical intelligence TECHINT
telecommunications COMMCEN
centre
Intelligence derived by the exploitation of captured foreign material.
Technical intelligence is produced for strategic, operational, and
tactical-level commanders. The intelligence is exploited by higher
command until countermeasures are produced to neutralize
any technological advantage enjoyed by the enemy.
A facility, normally serving more than one organization or
terminal, that is responsible for the transmission, receipt,
acceptance, processing and distribution of incoming
and outgoing messages.
temporary cease-fire
Agreement, such as that between 2 armies, to cease hostilities
for a specified period to allow for discussions.
terrain analysis
The collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographic
information concerning the natural and manmade features of the
terrain, combined with other relevant factors, to predict the effect of
the terrain on military operations.
terrain study
An analysis and interpretation of the natural and manmade features
of an area, their effects on military operations, and the effect of
weather and climate on those features.
terrorism
The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful
violence to inculcate fear. Acts of terrorism are intended to coerce
or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that
are generally political, religious, or ideological.
terrorist
An individual who uses violence, terror, and intimidation to
achieve a political, religious or idealogical result.
terrorist groups
Any element, regardless of size or espoused cause, that commits
acts of violence or threatens violence in pursuit of its political,
religious or ideological objectives.
terrorist-threat
conditions
The identification of and recommended response to a terrorist
threat against personnel and facilities.
THREA-CONS
Example: Because of the prevailing THREA-CONS, measures
would need to be taken to protect the locale.
international
community
theatre of operations
All countries of the World.
TO
A sub-area within a theatre of war, defined by the geographic
combatant commander, for the conduct or support of specific
operations.
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third-line
maintenance
That maintenance conducted by local, national or international
industrial facilities, often under contract. In the case of MPVs,
third-line maintenance is carried out by logistics battalion
maintenance companies; in the case of SCPVs third-line
maintenance is conducted under contract.
third-line stocks
Stocks procured outside the mission area and which may or
may not be centrally warehoused in the mission area.
threat analysis
A continual process of compiling and examining all available
information concerning potential terrorist activities by terrorist
groups that may target a facility.
threat & vulnerability
assessment
In the context of antiterrorism, the pairing of a facility's threat
analysis and vulnerability analysis.
threat identification
& assessment
A function that provides timely warning of potential threats
to national interests; meets intelligence-collection requirements;
advises on the effects of environmental hazards, physical hazards and
health hazards; advises on cultural factors related to friendly and
enemy operations; and determines enemy military posture
and possible intentions.
time fuse
A fuse that contains a graduated time element to regulate
the time interval before the fuse activates.
Example: The explosive was on a time fuse.
Duration of a segment of time without reference to when the time
interval begins or ends.
time interval
Example: The time interval between explosions was
approximately 30 seconds.
time of attack
The hour at which an attack is to be launched.
time of delivery
The time at which an addressee or relay agency
receives a message.
time slot
A period of time during which certain activities are governed
by specific regulations.
time-bomb
A bomb that contains a device that can be set to make the
bomb explode at a particular time in the future.
top secret
A category of security classification for material that requires the
highest degree of protection and that the unauthorized disclosure of
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which could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave
damage to the national interest.
A map that presents the vertical position of features in measurable
form as well as their horizontal positions.
topographic map
The act of expanding the active armed forces to organise and/or
generate additional units or personnel beyond the existing force
structure and the resources needed for their support. Total
mobilization can be required to meet the total requirements of
a war, or other national emergency involving an external
threat to national security.
total mobilization
Example: To meet the increased threat, total mobilization
would be necessary.
Ammunition, the flight of which can be observed by a trail of
flame or smoke, so that the projectile's direction can be observed.
tracer bullet;
tracer
Example: The enemy employed the use of tracer to
improve their accuracy of fire.
track of interest
Contacts, in the context of counter-drug operations, that meet the
initial sorting criteria applicable in an area where contacts
are detected.
tracking
The precise and continuous position-finding of targets by
radar, optical equipment, or by other means.
traffic circulation
map;
circulation map
A map showing traffic routes and measures for traffic regulation.
The map indicates the roads for use of certain types of traffic, the
locations of traffic-control stations, and the directions in
which traffic may move.
traffic control
TC
Control of the flow of traffic.
traffic-control police
Any persons ordered by a military commander and/or by national
authorities to facilitate the movement of traffic and to prevent
and/or report any breach of road traffic regulations.
traffic density
The average number of vehicles that occupy one mile or one
kilometre of road space, expressed in vehicles per mile or
vehicles per kilometre.
The total number of vehicles passing a given point in a given time.
Traffic flow is expressed in vehicles per hour.
traffic flow
Example: The traffic flow was heavier than usual.
traffic post;
traffic point
TP
A place where traffic is directed, controlled and supervised.
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trafficability
The capability of terrain to bear traffic. The term refers to the extent
to which terrain will permit the continual movement
of all or specific types of traffic.
train path
The timing of a possible movement of a train along a given route.
The train paths on a given route constitute a timetable.
training aids
Any item developed or procured for training purposes.
Training Unit
Established 1993, on request of the General Assembly, the aim of
the TU is to coordinate and standardise peacekeeping training.
The TU is organic to the Planning Division, Office of Planning
& Support, Department of Peacekeeping Operations.
TU
transfer area
The area of water in which the transfer of troops and supplies from
landing craft to amphibious vehicles is effected.
transfer loader
A wheeled or tracked vehicle with a platform capable of vertical
and horizontal adjustment that is used for the loading and
unloading of aircraft, ships, or other vehicles.
transient forces
Forces that pass or stage through, or base temporarily within, the
operational area of another command, but are not under its
operational control.
transit area
A place for concentration of troop units and transient personnel
between movements.
A receiver-transmitter that will generate a reply signal upon
proper interrogation by friendly forces.
transponder
Example: The aircraft's transponder was unserviceable.
transport aircraft
An aircraft designed primarily for the carriage of personnel
and/or cargo.
transport unit
That unit that specialises in the maintenance and issue
of transport for the carriage of personnel; light, medium or heavy
cargo; composite transport; off-road vehicles; medical-evacuation
vehicles; or petroleum transport.
travel subsistence
allowance
TSA
A sum granted as reimbursement for expenses allowed for
travel and subsistence.
Example: The rate of TSA was well below expectations.
treason
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Violation of the allegiance owed to one's sovereign or state.
Treason is the betrayal of one's country.
A deep channel in the ground utilised by soldiers as a place
from which they can attack the enemy while remaining hidden and
protected from small-arms fire and shrapnel.
trench
The evaluation and classification of casualties for the purposes
of treatment and evacuation. Triage consists of the immediate
sorting of patients according to type and seriousness of injury, and
also the likelihood of survival. It is also the establishing of
priorities for treatment and evacuation so as to assure medical
care of the greatest benefit to the largest number.
triage
Example: The wounded were stabilized and awaiting triage.
triangulation point;
trig point;
triangulation station
A point on the Earth, the position of which is determined by
triangulation.
trigger
A lever that activates the firing mechanism of a gun and which
causes the gun to fire when pressed.
troop contributing
nation
A state contributing troops to a particular mission.
TCN
Example: One nation was a TCN, while the other was not.
truce
A brief interruption in a war or argument, or a temporary
agreement to cease hostilities for a specified purpose.
truck
A large road vehicle that is used for transporting goods.
The direction from an observer's position to the geographic North
Pole. The northerly direction of any geographic meridian.
true north
Example: The convoy was at the time heading due north.
A variation of an envelopment tactic, in which the attacking force
manoeuvres around the enemy's principal defensive positions
with the aims of securing objectives deep within the enemy's rear.
turning movement
Example: The turning movement was executed with precision.
The enemy had no alternative but to re-assign its forces
to counter the initiative.
A point on the centreline of a mine strip or row where the strip
changes direction.
turning point
ultra-high frequency
UHF
Radio waves between 300 -3000 MHz.
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Example: The equipment would not accept UHF transmissions.
unaccounted for
A term applicable to personnel whose body or remains are not
recovered or otherwise accounted for following hostile action
unarmed observer
An observer not equipped with arms.
unclassified matter
An official matter that does not require the application of
security safeguards, but the disclosure of which may be subject to
control for other reasons.
Example: The document and its contents were unclassified.
unconditional
capitulation
uncontrolled crossing
point
unconventional
warfare
Complete and unreserved acceptance of military defeat.
UCP
UW
A crossing point where movement is not controlled.
A broad spectrum of military and paramilitary operations, that are
predominantly conducted by indigenous or surrogate forces that are
organized, trained, equipped, supported, and directed in varying
degrees by an external source. UW includes guerrilla warfare
and other direct offensive, low visibility, covert, or clandestine
operations, as well as the indirect activities of subversion,
sabotage, intelligence activities, and escape and evasion.
Example: Although the main conflict had ceased, elements
were still engaged in UW and continued to pose a threat.
unconventional
warfare forces
Forces having an existing unconventional warfare capability.
under arms
Having weapons and being willing to fight.
unidentified
u/c
Indication given by UN observers in their AIREPs when the national
markings of an attacking or violating aircraft on which they are
reporting are not observed.
unified command;
unified-combatant
command
A command with a broad continuing mission under a single
commander, and comprising significant components from 2 or
more military departments.
UNIFORM
The letter U in the phonetic alphabet.
uniformed Services
The Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard etc.
unit identification
code
UIC
A code that uniquely identifies each unit of the Armed Forces.
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United Nations
UN
The UN is a global association of governments, established for the
purpose of maintaining international peace and security. The UN's
aims are to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate
in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
problems; to cooperate in promoting respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms; and to be a centre for harmonizing
the actions of nations in attaining those ends.
UN Civil Police;
United Nations
Civilian Police
UNCIVPOL;
CIVPOL
Civil police agencies established under the auspices of the
UN for peacekeeping operations.
UN Course for Mobile
Peacekeeping
Training Teams
UN Department of
Peacekeeping
Operations
Mobile training teams that are formally called UN Training
Assistance Teams (UNTAT).
UNDPKO
A UN department dealing with peacekeeping missions.
UN Disengagement
& Observer Force
UNDOF
Established in 1974 following the agreed disengagement of the
Israeli and Syrian forces on the Golan Heights, UNDOF continues
to supervise the implementation of the agreement and maintain
the ceasefire.
UN Emergency Force
UNEF
An international force established to supervise the cessation of
hostilities in the Middle East.
UN High
Commissioner for
Refugees
UNHCR
The UN refugee agency.
A brigade on standby to intervene immediately when a peacekeeping
operation is established by the Security Council until the PKO is
actually deployed. The full name for this brigade is the Multinational
UN Stand-by Forces High-Readiness Brigade.
UN High-Readiness
Brigade
UN military observer
UNMO;
MILOB
The main tasks of a UNMO is to supervise, monitor, verify and
report on cease-fire agreements, separations and withdrawals, and
any cessation of outside assistance. In addition, UNMOs monitor
checkpoints, ingress/egress points and sea/airports; monitor
regrouping, containment and disarmament or demobilisation
processes; locate and confiscate caches of weapons; assist NGOs,
UN agencies et al in humanitarian activities; and in some cases,
as MILOBs, serve in Military Observer Groups, commanded
Chief Military Observers. In other circumstances UNMOs
serve in peacekeeping forces.
UN naval observer
UNNO
A naval observer serving under the UN.
UN Operational
Support Manual
OSM
A manual containing logistics procedures for UN field missions.
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UN Preventive
Deployment
UNPREDEP
Independent mission, reporting directly to United Nations
Headquarters in New York with its major tasks of monitoring and
reporting on the situation in specific areas which could undermine
confidence and stability.
UN Protection Force
UNPROFOR
The UN peacekeeping operation in the formerYugoslavia.
UN Rapid
Deployment Brigade
UNRDP
A standing international
all-volunteer light-infantry brigade of up to 5000 men, distinct from
the stand-by forces and made up of individually recruited soldiers.
The UNRDP would be under the direct control of the Security
Council and would be used for preventive deployment or be sent in
advance of, and in preparation for, the deployment of stand-by
units or of an international peacekeeping force.
UN Security Council
UNSC
The UN council for maintaining international peace and security
in accordance with the principles and purposes of the UN.
UN Transition Force
UN Truce
Supervisory
Organization
Universal Time;
Greenwich Mean
Time
Temporarily deployed forces of the UN.
UNTSO
ZULU time;
GMT
UN military observers' mission to monitor ceasefires, supervise
armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating
and to assist other UN peacekeeping operations in a region.
A measure of time based on the Greenwich Meridian, London,
that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal
rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis
of civil timekeeping.
Example: The operation would commence at 0600Z,
ie 0600GMT.
unmanned aerial
vehicle;
drone
urgent mining
urgent priority
UAV
An airborne vehicle used for the purposes of surveillance,
targeting, bomb-damage assessment etc. A UAV is preprogrammed for a mission and can execute it without
further intervention. The UAV is distinct from a remotelypiloted vehicle (RPV) because the latter is controlled and
directed from afar during its mission.
The laying of mines with correct spacing, but not in the
ordered or planned positions.
A category of immediate request, say, by signal message, that is
lower than that of 'emergency priority', but which takes precedence
over a request of 'ordinary priority'.
Example: URGENT PRIORITY: Reinforcements needed. Enemy
units moving up in such force as to threaten a breakthrough.
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utility helicopter
A multi-purpose helicopter that is capable of lifting troops, but
that can be used in other roles such as command and control,
logistics, casualty evacuation, ground support etc.
utility vehicle
Vehicles that can be utilised for carrying cargo, water, fuel, and also
for the purpose of recovery.
validation
1. A process normally associated with the collection of intelligence
that provides official status to an identified requirement.
Validation is the act of confirming that a particular requirement
is appropriate for a given collector and that the requirement
has not been previously satisfied.
2. The process of determining the degree to which a particular
computer model or simulation accurate reflects the real situation
it is designed to represent.
valuable cargo
Cargo that may be of value during a later stage of a war.
The leading contingent of an army, fleet or squadron in the
process of advancing or progressing.
vanguard
Example: The flotilla would form the vanguard of the fleet.
A place, often on high that provides a clear view of an area
or activity.
vantage point
Example: The unit found a good vantage point high in the sierras.
A point for checking vehicles.
vehicle check-point
VCP
Example: As the convoy approached the VCP, the troops in the
leading vehicle prepared for combat.
The clearance between vehicles in a column that is measured from
the rear of one vehicle to the front of another.
vehicle distance
Example: The convoy would mobilize at a vehicle distance
of 10 metres.
1. An arms-control process that includes such tasks as inspection,
detection, identification etc, to ascertain compliance with
agreed arms-control measures.
verification
2. The process of determining the degree to which a particular
computer model or simulation accurately represents the developer's
conceptual description and specifications.
Example: There was a need to verify the specification and
verification was needed prior to commencement of the task.
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An airdrop of supplies or equipment for the purpose of resupplying a unit.
vertical replenishment
Example: Because of the difficulties with the terrain, the only
means of supply would be vertical replensishment.
'very' light
A coloured flare fired from a 'very' pistol that explodes at height.
'very' pistol
A pistol for firing 'very'-light flares.
very seriously ill or
injured
VSII
The casualty status of a person whose illness or injury is classified
by medical authorities to be of such severity that life is
imminently endangered.
Example: Following examination, the 2 were classed as VSII.
VICTOR
The letter V in the phonetic alphabet.
The clarity with which objects can be seen at a distance in the open.
Visibility is influenced by the prevailing weather conditions,
smoke haze etc.
visibility
Example: Once the weather front cleared, there was increased
visibility.
The horizontal distance, in either miles or kilometres, at which a
large dark object can be seen against the horizon in daylight.
visibility range
1. A movable part of a helmet that can be lowered to protect
the face.
visor
2. A curved piece of stiff material worn above the eyes to
provide shade from the sun.
Example: In the strong light, he lowered his visor.
visual meteorological
conditions
VMC
The prevailing weather conditions for flight in which Visual Flight
Rules (VFR) apply for aircraft. VMC are expressed in
terms of visibility, ceiling height, and aircraft clearance
from clouds along a path of flight. Should the meteorological
conditions not meet the requirements for VMC, in inclement
weather, pilots are required to fly on their instruments, ie to
comply with Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).
Example: At the time he was VMC.
vital ground
Ground of such importance that it must be retained or controlled to
ensure the success of a mission.
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A call sign provided primarily for voice communication.
voice call sign
Example: BRAVO 21, this is 'PREDATOR'.
A large number of bullets fired simultaneously. In the case of
larger weapons, the term is 'salvo'.
volley
Example: While coping with volleys of shots from the opposing
forces in the hills, the defenders also faced a barrage of salvos
from the fleet off shore.
vulnerability study
An analysis of the capabilities and limitations of a force in a specific
situation so as to determine any vulnerabilities that an opposing
force might exploit.
vulnerable area
A designated area or installation of great importance that must
be defended by air-defence units.
vulnerable point
A point of vital importance that must be retained or controlled
to ensure the success of a mission.
walking patient
A patient whose injuries/illness is relatively minor, permitting
thus enabling that patient to walk and not require a litter.
war reserve stock(s)
WRS
That portion of total materiel assets designated to satisfy the war
reserve materiel requirement.
war reserves
Stocks of materiel amassed in peacetime to meet the increase in
military requirements in the event of war. War reserves are
intended to provide the interim support essential to sustain
operations until re-supply can be effected.
wardroom
Military quarters for the accommodation, dining and recreation of
naval officers. Air force and army officers are accommodated
in the Officers' Mess.
The act of fighting a war.
warfare
Example: The parties were now engaged in serious warfare.
war-game
A simulation, by whatever means, of a military operation involving
2 or more opposing forces, using those rules, data, and procedures
designed to depict an actual or assumed real life situation.
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A communication and acknowledgment of danger.
warning
Example: The commander had warned personnel that the
operation could result in injury or death if operating procedures
were not carefully followed. They would be foolish not to heed
that warning.
1. A message informing of danger.
warning message
2. Preliminary notice of an action or order to follow.
warning of attack
A warning to national policymakers that an adversary is not
only preparing its armed forces for war, but also intends to launch
an attack in the near future.
warning of war
A warning to national policymakers that a foreign state or alliance
intends war, or is following a course that substantially increases
the risks of war, by preparing accordingly.
warning order
Wng O
A preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow.
weapon exclusion
zone;
exclusion zone
EZ
A zone of defined dimensions where weapons are prohibited.
A combination of one or more weapons with all related equipment,
materials, services, personnel, and means of delivery and
deployment.
weapons system
weapons collection
point
WCP
A place or facility for collecting weapons.
weapons of mass
destruction
WMD
Weapons that are capable of a high order of destruction, more so
that in the case of conventional weapons.
weapons-storage site
WSS
A place or facility for depositing weapons.
weapons-limitation
zone
Western European
Armaments Group
Western European
Union
Restricted weapons zone.
WEAG
Western European Union (WEU) armaments cooperation forum.
WEU
A security and defence alliance involving states throughout Europe.
WHISKEY
The letter W in the phonetic alphabet.
white flag
A flag symbolizing the acceptance of defeat or a lack of intention
to attack.
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'white helmets'
International volunteer rapid-response teams deployed for the
purposes of humanitarian relief. These personnel are so called
because they wear white helmets in the field.
wind velocity
The horizontal direction and speed of air motion.
withdrawal operation
A planned retrograde operation in which a force disengages from
action with an enemy force and retreats from that enemy.
World Geodetic
System 84
WGS 84
DMA's modelling of the Earth from a geometric, geodetic and
gravitational standpoint.
wounded in action
WIA
A battle casualty who has incurred an injury inflicted by an
external agent or cause; ie an injury incurred in action.
X-RAY
The letter X in the phonetic alphabet.
YANKEE
The letter Y in the phonetic alphabet.
A type of high-speed rubber boat.
zodiac
Example: The team quickly boarded the zodiac and departed
the scene.
zone of action
A tactical subdivision of a larger area, the responsibility for which
is assigned to a tactical unit during offensive action.
zone of fire
An area into which a designated ground unit or fire-support ship
delivers, or is prepared to deliver, fire support.
zone of separation
ZOS;
ZS
A buffer zone, possibly under the control of a PKO, located between
the forward lines of the parties in a conflict. It is an area into
which those parties have agreed not to deploy military forces.
1. The letter Z in the phonetic alphabet.
ZULU
2. Zulu time. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Universal time.
A measure of time based on the Greenwich Meridian, London,
that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal
rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis
of civil timekeeping.
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