UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE : CONNECTING THE DOTS
1.(STA 1.1) Why do scientists call the period before about 3000 BCE prehistory?
a. because humans did not exist before that time
b. because writing did not exist at that time
c. because scholars have learned nothing about that period of time
d. because no important historical events happened before that time
2. (STA 1.2 )Homo sapiens means
a. southern ape.
b. modern man.
c. upright man.
d. wise man.
3.(STA 1.2) Which of the following represents the correct sequence in which early humanlike beings
appeared?
a. Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Australopithecine, Homo habilis
b. Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Australopithecine, Homo sapiens
c. Australopithecine, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens
d. Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Australopithecine
4.(STA 1.2 )Homo sapiens means
a. southern ape.
b. modern man.
c. upright man.
d. wise man.
5. (STA 1.2) Why was the discovery of Ötzi the Iceman significant?
a. because no other Neolithic skeletons had been found
b. because his well-preserved body and belongings provided new information
about Neolithic societies
c. because no other Paleolithic skeletons had been found
d. because his well-preserved body and belongings provided new information
about Paleolithic societies
6. (STA 1.2) Which of the following is a characteristic of civilizations?
a. absence of art
c. pastoralists
b. job specialization
d. trade
7. (STA 1.2) What was an early important development of Homo sapiens?
a. domestication of animals
c. the wheel
b. Farming
d. spoken language
8. (STA 1.2) Agriculture emerged
a. after a warming trend resulted in new plants and animals.
b. as glaciers moved toward the equator bringing water.
c. when religious leaders forced some people to become farmers.
d. in the Paleolithic Era.
9. (STA 1.2) What led to the building of permanent settlements?
a. migration to the Americas
c. the development of agriculture
b. development of simple governments d. the end of bloody warfare
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10. (STA 1.2) Where did the world’s first civilizations arise?
a. in sub-Saharan Africa
c. in sparsely populated areas
b. in North America
d. along fertile river valleys
11. (STA 1.2) What prompted the development of record-keeping systems?
a. the growing power of religion
b. economic transactions
c. the invention of written language
d. the establishment of graveyards in permanent settlements
12. (STA 1.2) What led early civilizations to create calendars?
a. the need to chart nomadic movements
b. determining religious holidays
c. the need to chart electoral cycles as governments developed
d. the need to track yearly flooding and growing seasons
13.(STA 1.3) What was one major reason that Homo erectus migrated out of Africa?
a. competition with Neanderthals for scarce resources
b. widespread warfare
c. curiosity
d. climate change
14. (STA 1.3) What led to the emergence of more defined social ranking?
a. the growth of settled communities
c. the emergence of Neanderthals
b. the adoption of a nomadic lifestyle
d. migration to the Americas
15. (STA 1.3) Which of the following was one way that the lives of people in agricultural
societies changed?
a. People now had to spend all of their time producing food.
b. Gender divisions became more blurred since everyone took part in agriculture.
c. People could now spend time doing activities other than food production.
d. Agricultural societies were more peaceful than nomadic societies had been.
16. (STA 1.3) Which of the following advances in farming was most important in the
development of cities?
a. domestication of cattle
c. irrigation
b. the plow
d. use of metal tools
17. (STA 1.3) Ancient civilizations waged war in order to
a. impose their religion on other cultures.
b. gain control of rich land or natural resources.
c. spread their ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology.
d. protect the herds of pastoralists.
18. (STA 1.3) The shift from hunting and gathering to farming is called the Neolithic
Revolution because it
a. coincided with the development of wooden tools.
b. changed life dramatically.
c. began the process of global warming.
d. began a long period of warfare in the Fertile Crescent.
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19. (STA 1.3) One characteristic of civilization is
a. a university.
b. fertile river valleys.
c. developed cities.
d. industry.
20. (STA 1.3) The earliest record keeping was used to
a. record births and deaths.
c. keep track of economic transactions.
b. record history for future generations. d. express abstract ideas.
21. (STA 1.3) Cultural diffusion may have affected an early civilization
a. by making it more difficult to control trade.
b. by encouraging the preservation of distinct characteristics.
c. when people adopted new customs, skills, and technologies.
d. by lowering the standards for entry into a craft guild.
22. (STA 1.3) How did ice ages affect worldwide migration patterns?
a. As ocean levels rose during the ice ages, societies were isolated on continents.
b. Land bridges connecting continents were exposed, aiding migration.
c. Many roads became impassable, halting migration.
d. Disruption in agriculture forced people in previously settled communities to
become nomadic migrants.
23.(STA 1.4) Why did Louis Leakey name the hominid remains he had found Homo habilis,
or “handy man”?
a. because this hominid learned to control fire
b. because this hominid learned to make and use crude tools
c. because this hominid developed language
d. because this hominid developed the work-for-wages system
24.(STA 1.4) Scholars think early people might have believed in life after death because
a. surviving cave art shows the dead being reborn.
b. they did not bury their dead.
c. surviving carved figurines from the period seem to be of angels.
d. they put food and objects in graves.
25.(STA 1.4) What did walking upright allow hominids to do?
a. study the sky
c. develop written language
b. use tools
d. control fire
26. (STA 1.4) Early humans living during the Stone Age most likely
a. lived in small groups and moved to new areas as food became scarce.
b. settled in permanent villages for common defense.
c. were uninterested in art or music.
d. worshipped one common god.
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UNIT 2 STUDYGUIDE : CIVILIZATIONS
1.(STA 2.1) Study the map titled “Early Human Migration.” From what continent did early humans
migrate?
a. Asia
c. Australia
b. Europe
d. Africa
2.(STA 2.1) According to the map titled “Early Human Migration,” what part of the world did
humans reach last?
a. Africa
c. the Americas
b. Europe
d. Australia
3. (STA 2.1) What was one major reason that Homo erectus migrated out of Africa?
a. competition with Neanderthals for scarce resources
b widespread warfare
c. curiosity
d climate change
4
.
4.(STA 2.1) Study the map titled “Early Human Migration.” From what continent did early
humans migrate?
a. Asia
c. Australia
b. Europe
d. Africa
5.(STA 2.1) According to the map titled “Early Human Migration,” what part of the world did
humans reach last?
a. Africa
c. the Americas
b. Europe
d. Australia
a.
b.
c.
d.
6. (STA 2.1) How did ice ages affect worldwide migration patterns?
As ocean levels rose during the ice ages, societies were isolated on continents.
Land bridges connecting continents were exposed, aiding migration.
Many roads became impassable, halting migration.
Disruption in agriculture forced people in previously settled communities to become
nomadic migrants.
5
7. (STA 2.1) Where did the world’s first civilizations arise?
a. in sub-Saharan Africa
c. in sparsely populated areas
b. in North America
d. along fertile river valleys
8. (STA 2.1) Ancient civilizations waged war in order to
a. impose their religion on other cultures.
b. gain control of rich land or natural resources.
c. spread their ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology.
d. protect the herds of pastoralists.
9.(STA 2.1) What led to the building of permanent settlements?
a. migration to the Americas
c. the development of agriculture
b. development of simple governments
d. the end of bloody warfare
10.(STA 2.1) Mountains, hills, and deserts helped the Chinese to thrive because
a. they provided varied ecosystems for a wide variety of plants and animals.
b. these features protected China from invasion.
c. the dangers located there taught the Chinese how to be great warriors.
d. these features encouraged the Chinese to become expert hunter-gatherers.
Hammurabi’s Code
Hammurabi’s Code listed 282 laws dealing with a variety of subjects. A few examples of
these laws are listed below.
196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out.
197. If he breaks another man’s bone, his bone shall be broken.
198. If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay
one [silver] mina.
199. If he put out the eye of a man’s slave, or break the bones of a man’s slave, he shall
pay one-half of its value.
200. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out.
201. If he knock out the teeth of a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a [silver] mina.
202. If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty
blows with an ox-whip in public.
11.(STA 2.2) Based on this passage from Hammurabi’s Code, in Babylonian society
a. all people were treated equally.
b. no one owned slaves.
c. punishment was based on social status.
d. women had the same rights as men.
12. (STA 2.4) Cultural diffusion may have affected an early civilization
a. by making it more difficult to control trade.
b. by encouraging the preservation of distinct characteristics.
c. when people adopted new customs, skills, and technologies.
d. by lowering the standards for entry into a craft guild.
13. (STA 2.5) Who was the first king of Israel?
a. Saul
c. Solomon
b. David
d. Nebuchadnezzar II
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14.(STA 2.5) Hindus believe that the atman is released from the body at death and later reborn in
another body in a process called
a. devas.
c. moksha.
b. karma.
d. reincarnation.
15.(STA 2.5 ) Which of the following is the most sacred text of Judaism?
a. the Talmud
c. the Hebrew Bible
b. the Torah
d. the Old Testament
16. (STA 2.5) A Jew who eats kosher food is following
a. the Diaspora.
c. Hammurabi’s Code.
b. Mosaic law.
d. the Psalms.
17.(STA 2.5) During the Vedic period members of each varna
a. married into a higher varna.
c. played specific roles in society.
b. followed the Middle Way.
d. changed castes frequently.
“I am the Lord thy God, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
Thou shalt have no other gods before Me. Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, nor any manner
of likeness, of any thing . . .
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain . . .
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; but the
seventh day is a sabbath unto the Lord thy God, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work . . .
Honour thy father and thy mother . . .
Thou shalt not murder.
Thou shalt not commit adultery.
Thou shalt not steal.
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house; thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife . . . nor any thing
that is thy neighbour’s.”
—Exodus 20:2-14, Masoretic Text
From The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, A New Translation with The Aid of Previous Versions
and with Constant Consultation of Jewish Authorities. Copyright 1917, © 1955 by The Jewish Publication Society
of America. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.
18.(STA 2.5) The passage from Exodus 20:2-14 makes up the
a. Torah.
c. Ten Commandments.
b. Diaspora.
d. Talmud.
19. (STA 2.5) The passage from Exodus 20:2-14 orders the Hebrews to
a. be monotheistic.
c. defend against invasion.
b. worship several gods.
d. leave Egypt.
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“The Brahmin was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya [Kshatriya] made. His thighs became the
Vaisya, from his feet the Sudra was produced.”
—Rigveda, 10.90
20.(STA 2.5) Read the passage from the Rigveda. Which of the following would you expect to have
the lowest status in Vedic society?
a. the Brahmin
c. the Vaisya
b. the Rajanya
d. the Sudra
“There are two extremes. . . which he who has given up the world ought to avoid. What are these two
extremes? A life given to pleasures, devoted to pleasures and lusts: this is degrading, sensual, vulgar,
ignoble, and profitless; and a life given to mortifications: this is painful, ignoble, and profitless.”
—The Buddha, Sermon at Benares
21.
(STA 2.5) In the excerpt from the Buddha’s sermon, Buddha taught about
a. the Fourfold Path.
c. Mahabharata.
b. the Middle Way.
d. nirvana.
22.(STA 2.5) The Four Noble Truths teach that
a. everyone suffers from the desire for material things, but overcoming these desires will
bring suffering to an end.
b. special techniques can be used to harness spiritual energy and achieve nirvana in a
single lifetime.
c. harming animals in any way is morally wrong.
d. all people must respect the elder members of their family and care for children with
loving kindness.
23.(STA 2.5) The Buddha taught
a. following your desires leads to enlightenment.
b. suffering is not part of human life.
c. it is best to avoid meditation.
d. those who follow the Eightfold Path can attain nirvana.
24. (STA 2.5) Confucius responded to the chaos in China during the late Zhou period by
a. withdrawing from the world and becoming a monk.
b. teaching that people should love and respect one another through traditional manners
and rituals.
c. teaching about the dynastic cycle to encourage people to rise up against corrupt rulers.
d. encouraging people to retreat from the laws of society.
8
25.(STA 2.6) According to the map titled “Expansion of Islam, 632–760,” Islam had spread to
western Europe by
a. AD 632.
c. AD 661.
b. 705 BC.
d. AD 750.
26.(STA 2.6) According to the map titled “Expansion of Islam, 632–760,” which of the following
was part of Islamic territory by 661?
a. Constantinople
c. Cairo
b. Córdoba
d. Kabul
27.(STA 2.6) According to the map titled “Expansion of Islam, 632–760,” by 661 Islamic lands
encompassed
a. only the area around Media and Mecca.
b. most of Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, and Persia.
c. approximately half the Arabian Peninsula.
d. all of northern Africa, Spain, Persia, and the Arabian Peninsula.
28.(STA 2.7) The diverse customs that gradually blended into a single Persian culture led to
a. peace and many cultural achievements.
b. frequent civil war.
c. the development of a decentralized government.
d. the development of a single, polytheistic religion in the empire.
9
UNIT 3 STUDY GUIDE : MIDDLE AGES
1.(STA 3.1) Based on the map titled “The First Crusades, 1095–1204,” Crusaders from England on
the Third Crusade primarily traveled to the Holy Land by
a. horse.
c. foot.
b. boat.
d. wagon train.
2.(STA 3.1) Based on the map titled “The First Crusades, 1095–1204,” which of the following
describes the route taken by Crusaders on the First Crusade?
a. Crusaders traveled from Paris to Constantinople and then on to either Antioch or
Jerusalem.
b. Crusaders primarily traveled overland first to Constantinople and onward to Edessa or
Jerusalem.
c. Crusaders primarily traveled by boat first to Constantinople and onward to Jerusalem.
d. Crusaders primarily traveled by boat through the Mediterranean Sea to the Holy Land.
3.(STA 3.1) Based on the map titled “The First Crusades, 1095–1204,” where did the Second Crusade
begin and end?
a. It began in England and ended in Constantinople.
b. It began in Central Europe and ended in Constantinople.
c. It began in France and ended in the Holy Land.
d. It began in Venice and ended in the Holy Land.
10
4.(STA 3.1) The pope’s influence in the Middle Ages resulted from
a. the fact that nearly everyone in Europe was Christian.
b. the economic influence of the Papal States.
c. the powerful army he headed under General Charlemagne.
d. his appointment by the Roman Emperor.
5.(STA 3.1) Europe became a feudal society because
a. the rarity of cash required land to be used as a payment for services.
b. Europeans needed to defend themselves against constant raids and invasions.
c. overpopulation required that a more efficient agricultural system be developed.
d. skilled craftspeople had emerged as farming techniques improved.
6.(STA 3.1) The goal of the First Crusade was to
a. convert Muslims to Christianity.
b. take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from the Byzantines.
c. take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from the Muslims.
d. conquer Constantinople.
7.(STA 3.1) Which of the following was an effect of the Crusades?
a. Roman Catholics became more tolerant of Eastern Orthodoxy and Judaism.
b. Knights gained political power.
c. Important trade routes were destroyed.
d. European kings gained more political power.
8. (STA 3.1)What was the end result of the Wars of the Roses?
a. The French drove the English out of their country.
b. The Lancasters won the throne.
c. The plague was spread by soldiers.
d. A Tudor nobleman took the throne, beginning a new era in English history.
“But now that our men had possession of the walls and towers, wonderful sights were to be seen. Some of
our men (and this was more merciful) cut off the heads of their enemies; others shot them with arrows, so
that they fell from the towers; others tortured them longer by casting them into the flames. . . Indeed, it
was a just and splendid judgment of God that this place should be filled with the blood of the unbelievers,
since it had suffered so long from their blasphemies.”
—Raymond d’Aguilers, quoted in The First Crusade, edited by Edward Peters
9.(STA 3.1) The primary source passage written by Raymond d’Aguilers
a. represents the opinion and attitude of a resident of the city of Jerusalem.
b. was written about events of the Third Crusade.
c. does not indicate bias.
d. represents the opinion and attitude of a Crusader.
10.(STA 3.1) The Black Death led to
a. massive witch hunts throughout Europe.
b. the collapse of the medieval manor system.
c. greater religious tolerance in Western Europe.
d. the end of the Hundred Years’ War.
11
“Who does not know that kings and princes derive their origin from men ignorant of God who
raised themselves above their fellows by pride, plunder, treachery, murder--in short, by every
type of crime---at the instigation of the Devil, the prince of this world, men blind with greed
and intolerable in their audacity?. . . Does anyone doubt that the priests of Christ are to be
considered as fathers and masters of kings and princes and of all believers?”
—from a letter to a German bishop
11. (STA 3.2)The passage from a letter to a German bishop represents the views of
a. Gregory VII.
c. Henry IV.
b. Orthodox Christians.
d. lords.
12. (STA 3.2) Christians drove the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula during the
a. First Crusade.
c. Reconquista.
b. sagas.
d. Battle of Hastings.
13. (STA 3.2)The pope excommunicated all Crusaders taking part in the Fourth Crusade
because they
a. massacred entire communities of Jews in Europe.
b. attacked a Christian city to pay their passage to the Holy Land.
c. worshipped idols and prayed to icons.
d. burned the holy city of Jerusalem to the ground.
14. (STA 3.2) What led to the split in the Christian Church in 1054?
a. the defeat of the Papal States by Otto the Great
b. the desire of Henry IV for a divorce from his wife
c. a pacifist group’s opposition to the Crusades
d. the refusal of the patriarch of Constantinople to recognize the pope’s authority
15. (STA 3.2)Which of the following began to extend the power of the monarchy throughout
France?
a. Eleanor of Aquitaine
c. Hugh Capet
b. Otto the Great
d. King Harold
16. (STA 3.2)The church’s influence increased around 1000 because at that time
a. the Moors were finally driven completely off the Iberian Peninsula.
b. the feudal system emerged.
c. there was an upsurge of religious devotion across Europe.
d. Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the pope.
17. (STA 3.2)Which of the following was one effect of the Crusades?
a. Relations between religious groups became more strained.
b. Jews moved to Jerusalem.
c. Trade decreased.
d. The feudal system strengthened.
18. (STA 3.3) Scholars in Aachen performed which of the following important services?
a. They opened finishing schools for young ladies from the upper classes.
b. They made copies of ancient texts for monasteries across Europe.
c. They defended libraries against raids by the Vikings.
d. They taught Charlemagne how to read and write.
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19. (STA 3.3) Both Geoffrey Chaucer and Dante Alighieri wrote in
a. Latin.
c. the vernacular.
b. English.
d. calligraphy.
20. (STA 3.3) Why were many of the written works created during the Early Middle Ages
religious texts?
a. Most people did not enjoy reading epics or romances.
b. Church law required it.
c. Few people outside of the clergy could read and write.
d. Few people were very religious.
21. (STA 3.3) Some Christians may have disagreed with the ideas of Thomas Aquinas
because he
a. was uneducated.
b. wanted to reconcile faith and reason.
c. practiced alchemy despite Church laws forbidding it.
d. did not believe in the existence of God.
22.(STA 3.4) Vikings began raiding northern Europe because
a. they wanted to stop attacks on Scandinavia.
b. they had converted to Christianity and sought Christian relics.
c. they wanted to spread their religion.
d. Viking farmers could not grow enough food.
23.(STA 3.4) Merchants asked the king for special charters for towns because
a. the merchants did not want to pay fees to feudal lords.
b. the Crusades made Europe less safe, so rural people banded together for protection.
c. they wanted to keep women out of guilds.
d. they wanted charters granting religious freedom.
24. (STA 3.4) Which of the following founded new towns during the medieval period?
a. feudal lords
c. farmers
b. bishops
d. merchants
25. (STA 3.4) What was the Hanseatic League?
a. a group of Italian cities and towns that worked together to promote and protect trade
b. speakers of the vernacular
c. a group of northern German cities and towns that worked together to promote and
protect trade
d. a guild of troubadours that allowed women to join
26. (STA 3.4) It was difficult for journeymen to become masters
a. because they often had to return home to run family farms when their fathers died.
b. because adequate training was unavailable.
c. due to some of the guild restrictions.
d. because few could afford to buy from craftspeople.
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UNIT 4 STUDY GUIDE : REFORM
1.(STA 4.1) The Ninety-five Theses were written in Latin because
a. Luther intended them for a mass audience.
b. they were intended for church leaders.
c. Luther could not write in any other language.
d. Latin was the vernacular.
2.(STA 4.1) Johannes Gutenberg’s invention has been described as revolutionary because
a. with easier access to books, more people learned to read and more books were printed.
b. with oil paints, Renaissance artists could paint much more detail than they could with
watercolors.
c. coupled with a large pool of unemployed workers, it led to early industrialization in
parts of Central Europe.
d. until guilds were created, craftspeople were unable to control the goods they produced.
3.(STA 4.1) Which of the following occurred as a result of Martin Luther’s stand against
indulgences?
a. Germany rejected Lutheranism and remained Roman Catholic.
b. Lutheranism spread first to England and Scotland, then to France and Italy.
c. Henry VIII started a new religion in England called Anabaptism.
d. The Protestant Reformation began.
4.(STA 4.1) What did the Edict of Worms decree about Martin Luther?
a. It named him leader of the Catholic Church.
b. It made him an outlaw and condemned his writings.
c. It named him king of Germany.
d. It excommunicated him.
5.(STA 4.1) Ulrich Zwingli founded a church in Switzerland that had which of these at its
base?
a. democracy
c. humanism
b. theocracy
d. secularism
6. (STA 4.1)Which of the following statements best describes the importance of Italian
city-states to the Renaissance?
a. Knowledge of arts increased as nobles and merchants sought to display their new
wealth.
b. The Catholic Church, dominant in the city-states, published the first Bible.
c. Italian shipbuilders brought paintings and sculpture back from China and India.
d. As agricultural centers, city-states produced an abundance of crops, and sold them to
foreign markets.
7. (STA 4.1) To represent three-dimensional objects on flat paper, Renaissance artists
studied
a. astronomy.
b. the work of Lorenzo de Medici.
c. humanism.
d. perspective.
14
8. (STA 4.1)Humanism was inspired by interest in
a. Greek and Roman culture.
b. Catholic doctrines.
c. Buddhist philosophy.
d. scientific writings.
9. (STA 4.1)William Shakespeare’s works are known for
a. teaching ideal behavior.
b. subtle symbolism.
c. a deep understanding of human nature.
d. their complicated language that did not appeal to the uneducated.
10. (STA 4.1)Increasing numbers of people learned to read after the mid-1400s because
a. most people had ample leisure time.
b. most people had ample disposable income.
c. printed materials became more available.
d. illumination made works of literature extremely beautiful.
11. (STA 4.1)How did the work of the Flemish School differ from Italian Renaissance painting?
a. Flemish painters used watercolors, while Italian painters used oils.
b. Flemish painters focused on religious symbolism, while Italian painters focused on
secular themes.
c. Italian painters focused on the details of everyday life, while Flemish painters tackled
grand themes.
d. Flemish painters focused on the details of everyday life, while Italian painters often
showed mythological scenes.
12. (STA 4.1) Which of the following advanced the idea that “the end justifies the means”?
a. Christine de Pisan
c. Niccolò Machiavelli
b. Baldassare Castiglione
d. Donato Bramante
“The pretended power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, without
consent of parliament is illegal. . .”
—The English Bill of Rights
13.(STA 4.2) Which of the following does the passage from The English Bill of
Rights guarantee?
a. Members of parliament will enjoy freedom of speech.
b. The monarch will not have absolute power.
c. Democratic, free elections will be held regularly.
d. The monarch will be abolished.
14.(STA 4.2) Absolute monarchs argued that their power must not be challenged because
a. the pope had crowned them.
b. they were the most intelligent men in their nations.
c. they were democratically elected.
d. they ruled by divine right.
15. (STA 4.2)The Church’s scholastic education gave way to the subjects known as
humanities and inspired the movement known as
a. humanism.
c. the Protestant Reformation.
b. secularism.
d. the vernacular.
15
16. (STA 4.2)Which of the following statements is best supported by the map titled “The Spread of
Protestantism”?
a. Protestantism spread from London to Ireland.
b. Lutheranism spread from Switzerland to France.
c. Norway, Sweden, and Denmark shared the same faith.
d. Calvinism took over England and Scotland.
17. (STA 4.2)According to the map titled, “The Spread of Protestantism” which country was
Anglican?
a. Sweden
c. France
b. England
d. the Holy Roman Empire
18. (STA 4.2)Which of the following statements is best supported by the map titled “The Spread of
Protestantism”?
a. From Geneva, Anglicanism spread to England.
b. Protestantism did not spread into Rome or the Papal States.
c. Norway, Denmark, and Sweden remained Catholic.
d. Scotland, England, and Ireland shared the same faith.
19. (STA 4.2)How did Teresa of Avila impact the Catholic Church?
a. She inspired many would-be Protestants to remain in the Church.
b. She inspired many Catholics to convert to Lutheranism.
c. She successfully fought the Catholic Church’s practice of killing suspected witches.
d. She opened up the priesthood to women for a short time.
16
20. (STA 4.2)The “bonfire of the vanities” was an action that was part of
a. the Reformation.
b. early reform efforts within the Catholic Church.
c. the spread of Lutheranism.
d. the reforms adopted by the Council of Trent.
21. (STA 4.2)One outcome of the Council of Trent was that
a. the distinction between Catholicism and Protestantism blurred.
b. Austria and Poland returned to the Catholic Church.
c. Charles Borromeo helped return most of Germany to the Catholic Church.
d. Lutherans rebelled against Church decrees in Sweden and established a theocracy.
22. (STA 4.2)Desiderius Erasmus’s works were censored in Paris and condemned by the
Church because
a. he had become a Protestant.
b. his works fanned the flames of discontent with the Church.
c. he was convicted of witchcraft.
d. his works advocated a return to the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome.
23. (STA 4.2)The Council of Trent
a. redefined Catholic Church doctrine to state that faith alone was needed to achieve
salvation.
b. began a Holy War in Central Europe.
c. excommunicated Luther and sentenced him to death.
d. addressed corruption, and argued for the role of the Catholic Church in salvation.
24. (STA 4.3) Which cost or benefit on the chart titled “Building Versailles” was Louis
XIV unlikely to have foreseen?
a. Allowed the king to keep his nobles in check
b. Created resentment among people
c. Helped cause revolution years later
d. Was clear symbol of king’s power
17
UNIT 5 STUDY GUIDE : EXPANSION
1.(STA 5.1 & 5.2) Study the map titled “Imperialism in Africa.” Which country was
the first to seize land in Africa?
a. France
c. Portugal
b. Belgium
d. Italy
2.(STA 5.1 & 5.2) Study the map titled “Imperialism in Africa.” By what year had
almost all of Africa been colonized?
a. 1850
c. 1912
b. 1880
d. 1940
3.(STA 5.1) Which of the following was one factor that allowed European nations to
extend their control over Asia and Africa after 1800?
a. military advantages such as superior weapons
b. the rise of great empires in Asia and North Africa
c. the superiority of European trading networks
d. European democratic traditions
4.(STA 5.1) Which of the following advanced the idea that “the end justifies the means”?
a. Christine de Pisan
c. Niccolò Machiavelli
b. Baldassare Castiglione
d. Donato Bramante
18
5.(STA 5.1) The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese explorers was to
a. find a water route around Africa to India.
b. discover new lands.
c. explore the coast of Africa.
d. spread Christianity.
6.(STA 5.1) The ultimate goal of early English, Dutch, and French explorers was to
a. find a passage to Asia.
c. find a short southern route to Africa.
b. colonize North America.
d. find gold and silver in the Americas.
7.(STA 5.1 & 5.2) How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?
a. by emphasizing the importance of converting people to Christianity
b. by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe
c. by fostering a belief in the importance of working as a group
d. by persuading Europeans that the pursuit of wealth was all-important
8. (STA 5.2)
Sailors could calculate their location based on the position of the sun and
stars in relation to the horizon with the
a. compass.
c. caravel.
b. astrolabe.
d. nautical map.
9. (STA 5.2) Which of the following was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
a. The Portuguese Empire was larger than the Spanish Empire.
b. The Spanish Empire was larger than the Portuguese Empire.
c. The British Empire was larger than the Portuguese Empire.
d. Spain took control of Brazil.
10. (STA 5.2) The population of Native Americans in Spanish colonies dropped by more
than
a. 10 percent.
c. 75 percent.
b. 30 percent.
d. 90 percent.
“Our plantations. . . consume more of our home manufactures. . . they produce commodities
indispensably necessary to this part of the world, and not to be produced elsewhere, and, with
industry and conduct, may be made an inexhaustible mine of treasure to their mother kingdom.”
—Charles D’Avenant, “An Essay on the East-India Trade”
11. (STA 5.3) The passage by Charles D’Avenant justifies which of the following?
a. colonization
c. bullionism
b. industrialization
d. Subsidies
12. (STA 5.3) Scholars estimate that how much of all food crops grown around the world
today are of American origin?
a. one-tenth
c. one-third
b. two-thirds
d. one-half
13. (STA 5.3) Some Native Americans helped Cortés because
a. they resented paying tribute to Emperor Atahualpa.
b. they had intermarried with Spanish explorers.
c. the Aztecs were unpopular with those they had conquered.
d. they had been converted to Christianity.
19
14. (STA 5.3) Which of the following was a conquistador?
a. Malinche
c. Henry Hudson
b. Prince Henry
d. Francisco Pizarro
“The stench of the hold. . . was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain
there for any time. . . The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate. . . almost
suffocated us. . . The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole
scene of horror almost inconceivable.”
—Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789
15. (STA 5.3) In the passage by Olaudah Equiano, he describes
a. plantation life.
c. a slave ship.
b. indentured servitude.
d. an encomienda.
16. (STA 5.3) The Spanish used captive Africans as
a. domestic servants.
b. workers on Caribbean sugar plantations.
c. skilled craft workers.
d. ship hands.
17.(STA 5.3 & 5.4) What was an effect of the Columbian Exchange?
a. Native American diseases destroyed European populations.
b. The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies.
c. Llamas began to be used as beasts of burden.
d. Triangular trade became less profitable.
18.(STA 5.3 & 5.4) Which of the following best describes the food exchange between
Europe and the Americas?
a. Europeans brought coffee, corn, and potatoes to the Americas, and took rice, wheat,
and oranges to Europe.
b. Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas, and took corn, potatoes,
and turkeys to Europe.
c. Europeans brought squash, peanuts, and tobacco to the Americas, and took sheep,
turkeys, and pigs to Europe.
d. Europeans brought tomatoes, potatoes, and wheat to the Americas, and took horses,
beans, and rubber to Europe.
19.(STA 5.3 & 5.4) Planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because
a. Aztecs refused to work on plantations.
b. they believed Native Americans were not human.
c. disease had killed millions of Native Americans.
d. African slaves were less expensive than Native American slaves.
20.(STA 5.4)Karl Marx and Frederick Engels argued that capitalism would inevitably lead
to
a. an energy crisis.
c. an extensive welfare state.
b. poverty and a workers’ revolution.
d. enslavement of most of the population.
20
21. (STA 5.4) According to Marx and Engels, establishing a society based on cooperation
and equal distribution of wealth would require
a. an energy crisis.
b. development of a wealthy industrial class.
c. universal public education.
d. a revolution.
22. (STA 5.4) The mercantile system in Britain was replaced by
a. entrepreneurship.
c. department stores.
b. socialism.
d. laissez-faire economics.
23. (STA 5.4) The Spanish colonial economy was based largely on
a. exports of Native American weaving and pottery.
b. tobacco farming.
c. the mining of gold and silver.
d. fur and fish trading.
24. (STA 5.4) The economy of New France was based on
a. fish and fur trading.
c. cotton farming.
b. gold and silver mining.
d. cottage industries.
25. (STA 5.4) During the rise of capitalism, European investors willingly took the risk of
investing in overseas trade because
a. the rising demand for goods drove prices higher.
b. their governments rewarded them with political appointments overseas.
c. they were committed to spreading Christianity around the globe.
d. they objected to new food products being introduced in their home countries.
26. (STA 5.4) An increase in business activity due to colonization caused which of the
following?
a. Banks in Europe closed as more Europeans settled in colonies.
b. Opportunities for investing decreased.
c. A new class of wealthier merchants emerged in Europe.
d. The development of capitalism in Europe was delayed.
27. (STA 5.4) Mercantilists would advocate that a nation do which of the following?
a. Import more goods than it exports.
b. Sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries.
c. Buy more goods than it sells to foreign countries.
d. Remove all barriers to free trade.
28. (STA 5.4) French settlers in Canada were mainly
a. traders.
c. farmers.
b. conquistadors.
d. slaveholders.
21
UNIT 6 STUDY GUIDE : REVOLUTION
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
“The representatives of the French people, . . . believing that the ignorance, neglect, or
contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption
of governments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural,
unalienable, and sacred rights of man. . .
1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. . .
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the. . . rights of man. These
rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression. . .
5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. . .
6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate
personally, or through his representative, in its formation. It must be the same for all. . .
7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to
the forms prescribed by law. . .
9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty. . .
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights
of man. . .
12. A common contribution [tax] is essential. . . This should be equitably distributed among
all the citizens in proportion to their means.”
1. (STA 6.1)
Read the excerpt from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen considered which one
of the following rights one of the most precious?
a. freedom of speech
c. the right to pursue happiness
b. freedom of religion
d. the right to own slaves
2. (STA 6.1)
a. 1
b. 9
Read the excerpt from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen. Which of the following provisions of the Declaration of the Rights of
Man and of the Citizen would have particularly angered the Second Estate?
c. 11
d. 12
3.(STA 6.1) Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were
a. Plato and Aristotle.
c. navigators and explorers.
b. the Church and ancient scholars.
d. Aquinas and his followers.
4.(STA 6.1) What led scientists to study the natural world more closely in the mid-1500s?
a. a series of natural disasters
c. the death of Aristotle
b. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet
d. exploration
5.(STA 6.1) Which of the following proposed the geocentric theory?
a. Aristotle
c. Galileo
b. Copernicus
d. Johannes Kepler
6.(STA 6.1) Which of the following published a book supporting the heliocentric theory?
a. Copernicus
c. Descartes
b. Ptolemy
d. Galen
22
7.(STA 6.1) What new approach allowed scholars to gain new scientific knowledge?
a. financing by the Church
c. universal public education
b. the scientific method
d. the Inquisition
8.(STA 6.1) Humanism was inspired by interest in
a. Greek and Roman culture.
c. Buddhist philosophy.
b. Catholic doctrines.
d. scientific writings.
9. (STA 6.1)Ulrich Zwingli founded a church in Switzerland that had which of these at its
base?
a. democracy
c. humanism
b. theocracy
d. secularism
“The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it. . . no one ought to harm another in his life,
health, liberty, or possessions. . . Every one. . . may not. . . take away, or impair. . . the life, the
liberty, health, limb, or goods of another.”
Two Treatises on Government, 1690
10.(STA 6.2) Who wrote the passage from Two Treatises on Government?
a. Thomas Hobbes
c. Adam Smith
b. John Locke
d. Isaac Newton
11.(STA 6.2) Which of the following writers described life in nature as “solitary, poor,
nasty, brutish, and short”?
a. Thomas Hobbes
c. William and Mary
b. John Locke
d. Samuel Pepys
12.(STA 6.2) Who argued that people had a right to overthrow a government that does not
protect their natural rights?
a. Locke
c. Newton
b. Voltaire
d. Hobbes
13.(STA 6.2) Who wrote “Man is born free but everywhere is in chains”?
a. Locke
c. Rousseau
b. Montesquieu
d. Voltaire
14. (STA 6.2) Why did the French and Indian War lead to increased taxes on Britain’s
American colonies?
a. The colonists now had access to the French gold and silver mines in the Americas.
b. Because removing the French benefited the colonists, Britain decided to make the
colonies pay part of the cost.
c. The British feared that the colonists were planning a revolution and wanted to weaken
them economically.
d. The French won the war and wanted to punish the colonists.
15.(STA 6.2) Which of following was written by Denis Diderot in order to promote
knowledge?
a. the Encyclopedia
c. Leviathan
b. Candide
d. Two Treatises on Government
23
16. (STA 6.2) Using the map titled “Napoleon’s Empire, 1812,” which states were opposed
to Napoleon in 1812?
a. All states were either controlled or allied with Napoleon.
b. Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Confederation of the Rhine, Kingdoms of Denmark and
Norway
c. Africa and the Ottoman Empire
d. Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Kingdom of Sardinia,
Kingdom of Sicily, Montenegro, Russian Empire and Sweden
17.(STA 6.2) How did Hobbes and Rousseau differ?
a. Rousseau believed in the idea of a social contract; Hobbes did not.
b. Rousseau believed an absolute monarchy was essential; Hobbes did not.
c. Rousseau believed people were naturally good; Hobbes did not.
d. Hobbes believed people needed protection from government; Rousseau did not.
18.(STA 6.2) American colonists objected to the Stamp Act because
a. they resented forced conscription in the British military to fight the Seven Years’ War.
b. the Act restricted the colonists’ trade.
c. contrary to British belief, Americans thought stamps were necessary.
d. they objected to taxes levied by the British Parliament without representation.
19. (STA 6.2) Who wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence?
a. John Adams
c. John Locke
b. Thomas Paine
d. Thomas Jefferson
24
20. (STA 6.2) During the Boston Tea Party, the Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston
Harbor to
a. protest the tax on tea.
b. raise money to fight the War for Independence.
c. get back at Boston merchants.
d. protest the Intolerable Acts.
21. (STA 6.2) The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because
a. some people argued the Constitution did not protect the rights of citizens.
b. framers believed the nation needed a stronger system of government.
c. leaders needed some guidance on how to create an effective court system.
d. Americans believed in equality and justice for all.
22. (STA 6.2) What slogan best expresses the outrage of colonial leaders in response to the
Stamp Act?
a. Freedom of conscience for all!
b. No taxation without representation!
c. Governance by the mob must stop!
d. Civil government should defend the rich against the poor!
23. (STA 6.2) Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were
a. Plato and Aristotle.
c. navigators and explorers.
b. the Church and ancient scholars.
d. Aquinas and his followers.
24. (STA 6.2) Why did delegates meet at a Constitutional Convention in 1787?
a. to draft a Bill of Rights
b. to revise the Articles of Confederation
c. to declare war on Britain
d. to choose members of the Supreme Court
25. (STA 6.2) What event caused the Great Fear?
a. the execution of Louis XVI
c. the Tennis Court Oath
b. the fall of the Bastille
d. the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat
26. (STA 6.2) Why did the Legislative Assembly declare war against Austria?
a. The Austrians had attacked towns in southeast France.
b. Austrians had issued a declaration warning against harming the French monarchs.
c. Napoleon Bonaparte was hiding there.
d. The country had offered asylum to King Louis XVI.
27. (STA 6.2) Why did King Louis XVI call a meeting of the Estates General to be held in
spring 1789?
a. to press for reform in the legislative process
b. to begin the process of writing a new constitution for France
c. to get approval for new taxes on the Third Estate
d. to get approval to rescind tax exemptions for the First Estate
25
28. (STA 6.2) Which of the following revolutionary leaders came to oppose the violent
excesses of the Revolution?
a. Jean-Paul Marat
c. George-Jacques Danton
b. Olympe de Gouges
d. Maximilien Robespierre
29. (STA 6.2) Why was the Revolutionary Tribunal created?
a. to eliminate people who threatened the Revolution from within
b. to manage the country’s military defense against foreign forces
c. to write a democratic constitution
d. to write and approve laws
30. (STA 6.2) Which of the following legislative bodies ended the monarchy and
proclaimed France a republic?
a. the National Assembly
c. the National Convention
b. the Legislative Assembly
d. the Directory
31. (STA 6.2) The French people welcomed Napoleon because
a. they hoped he would help the collapsing French economy.
b. he completely disavowed the ideals of the Revolution.
c. he was the grandson of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
d. he promised order after the chaos of the Revolution.
32. (STA 6.2) Why did Napoleon sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States?
a. He needed money to fund the Napoleonic Wars.
b. His failure to take back Saint Domingue led him to abandon his dream of empire in the
Americas.
c. He wanted to keep the territory out of the hands of the British.
d. His expedition east of the Mississippi River had failed miserably to incite rebellion.
33. (STA 6.2) What caused Napoleon to pull his troops from Spain?
a. the guerrilla war raged by Spanish people
b. the British navy’s support of the Spanish revolt
c. the harsh winter of 1808
d. Portugal’s neutrality
34. (STA 6.2) Throughout the Napoleonic Wars, France’s greatest enemy was
a. Austria.
c. the Kingdom of Tuscany.
b. Portugal.
d. Great Britain.
35. (STA 6.2) After Napoleon’s exile, France became a(n)
a. republic.
c. monarchy.
b. democracy.
d. empire.
36. (STA 6.2) Which of the following leaders most helped to defuse the liberal ideals of the
French Revolution?
a. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
c. Frederick William III
b. Prince Klemens von Metternich
d. Lord Castlereagh
37. (STA 6.2) Which of the following did Great Britain receive as a result of their fight
against France?
a. territory in Eastern Europe
c. portions of northern France
b. overseas colonies
d. the Kingdom of Sicily
26
38. (STA 6.2) Which of the following was one cause of the French Revolution?
a. new taxes on the Second Estate
c. strong leadership from Louis XVI
b. the influence of Enlightenment ideas
d. economic prosperity
39. (STA 6.2) The Reign of Terror resulted in
a. increased foreign opposition to the French Revolution.
b. a strengthened National Assembly.
c. peace throughout France.
d. the election of Robespierre to the presidency.
40. (STA 6.2) The Congress of Vienna
a. rewarded Napoleon’s supporters with large tracts of land.
b. made France a colony of Great Britain.
c. outlawed monarchies.
d. strengthened nations surrounding France.
41. (STA 6.2) What did Benjamin Disraeli, Emmeline Pankhurst, and the Chartists have in
common?
a. All worked to limit immigration.
b. All sought to extend the voting rights.
c. All donated large sums of money to orphanages.
d. All opposed child labor.
42. (STA 6.2) Which of the following groups of people in Latin America were most likely to
be revolutionaries?
a. Africans
c. Indians
b. peninsulares
d. creoles
43. (STA 6.2) Which of the following revolutionaries wanted to unite all of South America into the
Federation of the Andes?
a. Simón Bolívar
c. José María Morelos
b. José de San Martín
d. Pedro I
44. (STA 6.2) Which of the following countries achieved independence with the least violence and
bloodshed?
a. Venezuela
c. Mexico
b. Brazil
d. Bolivia
45. (STA 6.2) Both Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos were
a. peninsulares.
c. executed by Spanish authorities.
b. opposed to Iturbide’s proposal.
d. executed by Portuguese authorities.
46. (STA 6.2) Who was the first leader of an independent Brazil?
a. John VI
c. Simón Bolívar
b. Pedro I
d. Antonio Nariño
47. (STA 6.2) The territory gained by the United States in 1848 was a result of the
a. Mexican-American War.
c. Trail of Tears.
b. Louisiana Purchase.
d. Oregon Compromise.
27
48. (STA 6.2) The Mexican-American War was caused by
a. a dispute over the Mexican Cession.
c. American raids into Mexican territory.
b. a dispute over Texas.
d. tension over the Monroe Doctrine.
49. (STA 6.2) Manifest destiny affected Native Americans by
a. forcing them to convert to Christianity.
b. introducing them to manufactured products.
c. separating them into distinct tribes.
d. forcing them westward and into reservations.
50. (STA 6.2) What was the effect of the Reform Act of 1832?
a. It gave industrial cities representation in Parliament for the first time.
b. It gave women the right to vote for members of Parliament.
c. It regulated working conditions and minimum wages in industry.
d. It created the United Kingdom by joining England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
51. (STA 6.2) The Dreyfus affair had a lasting impact because it
a. kept women from voting for another sixty years.
b. led to the Revolution of 1848.
c. barred Jews from holding military commissions for almost a century.
d. inspired the Zionist movement.
52. (STA 6.2) How did Agustín de Iturbide become emperor of Mexico?
a. by bringing together creoles, peninsulares, royalists, and revolutionaries
b. by overthrowing the democratically-elected government in a bloodless coup d’etat
c. by cultivating the favor of the Roman Catholic Church and receiving the title from the
pope
d. by marrying the daughter of the king of Spain
53. (STA 6.2) Brazilian colonists achieved their independence from Portugal when
a. they threatened to fight to the death.
b. they hired José de San Martín to lead their army.
c. they attacked the capital city.
d. Prince Pedro declared Brazil independent.
54. (STA 6.2) Americans went to war with Great Britain in 1812 in part because
a. they wanted independence from Britain.
b. Britain was seizing American sailors.
c. Britain blocked the purchase of the Louisiana Territory.
d. Americans wanted to admit Texas as a state.
55. (STA 6.2) Mercantilists would advocate that a nation do which of the following?
a. Import more goods than it exports.
b. Sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries.
c. Buy more goods than it sells to foreign countries.
d. Remove all barriers to free trade.
56. (STA 6.2) Part of the legacy of the French Revolution is that
a. it has discouraged revolutions worldwide for 200 years.
b. it has inspired people to fight for their rights in other parts of the world.
c. citizens’ rights in Europe were never again restricted.
d. all European monarchies became democracies.
28
57. (STA 6.3) The Kansas-Nebraska Act
a. set off a bitter debate between proslavery and antislavery Americans.
b. created the Confederate States of America.
c. forced Native Americans to move to Indian Territory.
d. finalized the Louisiana Purchase.
“Other nations have tried to check . . . the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to
overspread the continent allotted by Providence [God] for the free development of our
yearly multiplying millions.”
—John O’Sullivan, editorial, 1845
58. (STA 6.3) John O’Sullivan referred to the American belief that
a. Texas was God’s country.
b. Native Americans had no right to any land on the North American continent.
c. slavery was a just and humane institution.
d. Americans had a right to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
59. (STA 6.3) Which of the following was one factor that allowed Britain to industrialize
first?
a. widespread famine
c. government-owned factories
b. British colonies
d. a strong army
60.(STA 6.3) Which of the following natural resources was most important for the early
development of industry in Great Britain?
a. Coal
c. water
b. iron ore
d. timber
61. (STA 6.3) Portugal refused to comply with the Continental System because
a. it did not have enough young men to spare for the draft.
b. it depended on its trade with Great Britain.
c. its people resented having a foreign ruler.
d. it depended on its trade with France.
62.(STA 6.3) Mass production, which created an increase in the quantity of goods
produced, led to
a. more consumer goods available to more people.
b. higher wages and shorter hours.
c. an increase in the cost of factory-made goods.
d. an increase in the number of workers factories needed.
63. (STA 5.4 & 6.3) The mercantile system in Britain was replaced by
a. entrepreneurship.
c. department stores.
b. socialism.
d. laissez-faire economics.
64. (STA 6.3) The Continental System restricted
a. trade with Great Britain.
c. freedom of speech and of the press.
b. trade with French possessions in Asia. d. the rights of women.
65. (STA 6.3) The Reform Act of 1832 was passed to address which of the following issues?
a. widespread alcoholism in Britain
c. women’s lack of suffrage
b. unequal representation in Parliament
d. harmful conditions for child workers
29
U N I T 7 S T U D Y G U I D E : C ON F L I C T & C H A N G E
1. (STA 7.2) Study the map titled “The Unification of Italy, 1858–1870.” According to the
map Garibaldi
a. sailed North to France.
c. lived in Florence.
b. defected to Rome.
d. ended his military campaign in Naples.
2. (STA 7.2) According to the map titled “The Unification of Italy, 1858–1870,” which territories
were given to France in exchange for help in unifying the northern Italian states?
a. Savoy and Nice
c. Venetia and Rome
b. Lombardy and Rome
d. Sardinia and Sicily
3. (STA 7.2) According to the map titled “The Unification of Italy, 1858–1870,” which
area was the last to be annexed by Italy?
a. Sicily
b. the territory surrounding Rome
c. Sardinia
d. the northern states of Savoy, Lombardy, and Venetia
4.(STA 7.2) What goal did Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo di Cavour, and Giuseppe
Garibaldi all have in common?
a. a democratic republic in Italy
b. the unification of Germany
c. the unification of Italy
d. the return of Italy to the glory of the Roman Empire
30
5. (STA 7.2) What did Otto von Bismarck mean by the phrase “blood and iron”?
a. Germany needed railroads to unite the country.
b. Prussia would fight to obtain iron.
c. He would continue to fight until he was named emperor.
d. He would use the Prussian military as a force for German unification.
6. (STA 7.2) According to the map titled “The Unification of Germany, 1865–1871,” states
that joined the German Empire
a. had been part of Denmark.
c. bordered the Russian Empire.
b. were in the South.
d. nearly tripled the size of Germany.
7. (STA 7.2) According to the map titled “The Unification of Germany, 1865–1871,”
before 1866 Prussia
a. was relatively small compared to other German states.
b. was landlocked.
c. was divided into two parts.
d. controlled Belgium and the Netherlands.
8.(STA 7.2) According to the map titled “The Unification of Germany, 1865–1871,” in which
direction did the German armies advance during the Franco-Prussian War?
a. West
c. east
b. north
d. northeast
31
9.(STA 7.3) The revolutionary group later referred to as the Decembrists included many
military officers
a. who overthrew the czar in a military coup.
b. who defected to Germany.
c. who refused to declare allegiance to the new czar.
d. who became pacifists and refused to stay in the army.
10.(STA 7.2 & 7.3) Austria-Hungary opposed the formation of a “greater Serbia” because
a. its leaders strongly supported the principle that all people should choose their own
government.
b. the government’s policy forbade negotiating with terrorists.
c. any Serbian expansion might encourage other ethnic groups to rebel.
d. the Serbs had pledged to join the Triple Entente once they achieved independence.
11. (STA 7.3) Which of the following best describes Germany’s position for much of the
war?
a. All of Germany’s military efforts were focused on Serbia.
b. Germany faced war on two fronts.
c. Germany did not have a military strategy for this war.
d. Germany was a neutral country.
12. (STA 7.3) What was the Zimmermann Note?
a. the German policy of attacking all ships entering or leaving Great Britain
b. Wilson’s speech detailing reasons why the United States should remain neutral
c. a note left behind by a suicide bomber in Serbia
d. a proposal by a German official that Mexico attack the United States in return for
territory
13.(STA 7.3) The partnership formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the late
1800s was called the
a. Triple Entente.
c. Eastern Block.
b. Triple Alliance.
d. Central Powers.
14.(STA 7.3) Which series of events led to World War I?
a. Austria took over Bosnia, Serbia declared war on Austria, and Germany declared war
on Serbia.
b. Germany declared war on Serbia, Russia moved to support Serbia, and Great Britain
declared war on Russia.
c. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia moved to support Serbia, and
Germany declared war on Russia.
d. An Austrian-Hungarian nobleman was assassinated, Germany moved to support
Austria, and Great Britain declared war on Germany.
15.(STA 7.3) France, Russia, and Great Britain made up the
a. Triple Entente.
c. Eastern Block.
b. Triple Alliance.
d. Central Powers.
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16.(STA 7.3) On which two fronts did Germany fight during World War I?
a. Russia to the east and Italy to the south.
b. France to the west and Belgium to the north.
c. Russia to the east and France to the west.
d. Switzerland to the south and Russia to the east.
17.(STA 7.3) Which best describes conditions in Russia on the eve of World War I?
a. Russian nobles wanted to overthrow the czar and claim Russia for themselves.
b. Russia was a troubled country, with a worsening economy and an ineffective ruler.
c. Russia had a strong economy, and a recent revolution had put an effective leadership
into government.
d. The provisional government that was put into place after the revolution resisted
entering the war.
18.(STA 7.3) How did the Zimmermann Note affect American neutrality?
a. It led the United States to attack Mexico.
b. It made American leaders more resolved to safeguard their neutral rights.
c. It led to strong public support for U.S. entry into the war.
d. It led the Allies to beg the United States to support their war effort.
19.(STA 7.5) Russian Marxists wanted to create what form of government in Russia?
a. a Communist dictatorship
c. a capitalist democracy
b. a socialist republic
d. an autocracy
20.(STA 7.5 & 7.6) Bolsheviks planned that which of the following groups would lead a revolution
and rule Russia?
a. Nobles
c. socialists
b. the Whites
d. the military
21. (STA 7.5 & 7.6) The Bolsheviks took over the Russian government after
a. farmers refused to produce crops to sell to the provisional government.
b. the Red Guards attacked the provisional government.
c. the Russian army successfully resisted the Central Powers along the Eastern front.
d. the Black Guard’s military coup.
22. (STA 7.5 & 7.6) Stalin wanted to transform the Soviet Union into
a. an idyllic agrarian society of small farmers.
b. a modern industrialized country.
c. a classless society run by working people.
d. a peaceful, moral society based on service to the greater good.
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23.(STA 7.5 & 7.6) Stalin’s approach to Communist government differed from Karl
Marx’s because
a. Stalin put control of the means of production in the workers’ hands, rather than have
the government control production.
b. Stalin wanted to increase the government’s power rather than reduce it.
c. Stalin allowed market forces to influence production levels, rather than the
government.
d. Stalin wanted to reduce the government’s power rather than increase it.
24.(STA 7.5 & 7.6) Which of the following resulted from the October Revolution in Russia?
a. Russia became a communist country.
b. The Soviet Union was formed.
c. A provisional government was formed.
d. Russia negotiated for peace with the Allies.
25.(STA 7.6) Which of the following occurred under the New Deal?
a. Strict tariffs were put in place to protect American industry.
b. Faith-based groups were encouraged to open soup kitchens.
c. Government welfare and relief programs were greatly expanded.
d. The federal budget was balanced.
26.(STA 7.6) How did President Franklin Delano Roosevelt propose to fight the Great
Depression?
a. with a government program known as the New Deal
b. by increasing production of military weapons and equipment
c. by buying up stocks at pre-October 1929 prices
d. by heavily taxing exported goods
27.(STA 7.6) What event led to a decisive shift away from isolationism in the United States?
a. the Battle of Britain
b. the discovery of Auschwitz
c. the sinking of American ships by German submarines
d. the attack on Pearl Harbor
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UNIT 8 STUDY GUIDE : GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE
1.(STA 8.1) The graph titled “Europe’s Jewish Population” refers to which of the
following?
a. After the war the Jewish population of Europe increased by 3.5 million.
b. Before the war, fewer Jews lived in Europe than after the war.
c. The Jewish population of Europe decreased by 6 million.
d. The Jewish population of the United States decreased.
2.(STA 8.1) Before entering World War II, the United States
a. remained strictly neutral.
b. provided monetary aid to the Axis Powers.
c. provided military aid to Great Britain.
d. attacked German submarines.
3. (STA 8.1) Use the graph titled “Europe’s Jewish Population” to complete the
statement: This graph illustrates the
a. migration of European Jews to Israel after World War II.
b. deportation of thousands of German Jews by Nazi Germany.
c. deaths of 6 million Jews worldwide during World War II.
d. decrease in Europe’s Jewish population between 1933 and the conclusion of the war.
4. (STA 8.1) Hitler’s declaration that “Surrender is forbidden” to his commanders at the
Battle of Stalingrad led to
a. a two-year stalemate.
b. a decisive German victory over the Soviets.
c. the starvation of over a million civilians.
d. the capture of 90,000 Axis survivors and a crushing defeat for Hitler.
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5.(STA 8.1) What was the goal of the Yalta Conference?
a. to agree on a schedule for the invasion of France
b. to reach an agreement on what to do with postwar Europe
c. to compensate victims of the Holocaust
d. to divide Europe into communist and capitalist sections
6.(STA 8.1) The difficulties Allied leaders had in reaching agreement at the Potsdam
Conference were due to
a. growing ill-will between the Soviet Union and other Allies.
b. uncertainties about when the war would end in Europe.
c. the fight of many colonized people for independence.
d. the refusal of the Soviet Union to join the United Nations.
7. (STA 8.1) Which of the following military alliances became known as the Axis Powers?
a. England and France
b. Germany, Italy, and Japan
c. Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the Rhineland
d. Germany and the Soviet Union
8.(STA 8.1) Before World War II, Hitler’s Nazi government
a. sent Einsatzgruppen into the Soviet Union.
b. outlawed emigration.
c. passed restrictive laws severely limiting the rights of Jews.
d. did not limit the rights of any German citizens.
9. (STA 8.3) The United States was alarmed by Soviet control of Eastern Europe at the
end of World War II because
a. the Soviets had installed missiles in many of those countries.
b. officials believed Germany should control the area.
c. officials believed Soviet expansion would not stop at Eastern Europe.
d. U.S. officials had wanted to control the natural resources located there.
10.(STA 8.3) Soviets blocked land, rail, and water routes into West Berlin in 1948 in order
to
a. force the West to leave Berlin.
b. topple Hitler from power.
c. put down a dangerous uprising in East Berlin.
d. keep Nazis from escaping the city.
11.(STA 8.3) One effect of the arms race was
a. increased domestic spending in the United States.
b. an ever-present threat of nuclear war.
c. the division of Europe into four zones of occupation.
d. global climate change.
12. (STA 8.3) With the development of nuclear weapons, the Soviet Union and the United States
based their defense strategies on
a. a build-up of ground troops.
c. the policy of containment.
b. the principle of deterrence.
d. the space race.
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13.(STA 8.3) Nations that refused to take sides in the rivalry between superpowers in the
1950s were called
a. the Warsaw Pact.
c. pacifist nations.
b. totalitarian states.
d. nonaligned nations.
14.(STA 8.3) The Cold War ended when
a. the Berlin Wall fell.
b. Mikhail Gorbachev was deposed by a military coup.
c. the Soviet Union collapsed.
d. Mikhail Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize.
15.(STA 8.3) The end of communism and the introduction of market reforms in Eastern
Europe has led to
a. rising earnings and dropping unemployment rates.
b. a new era of prosperity in the region.
c. rising immigration from Eastern Europe to Western Europe.
d. a shift from heavy to light industry in the region.
16.(STA 8.3) U.S.-led forces attacked Iraq in 2003 after Iraq
a. went to war against Israel.
b. invaded Iran.
c. invaded Kuwait.
d. resisted full cooperation with UN weapons inspectors.
17.(STA 8.3) Which of the following did Winston Churchill use as an image to describe
the division of Europe?
a. a closed door
c. an iron curtain
b. a steel fist
d. the Grand Canyon
18.(STA 8.3) What was the goal of the United States when it went to war in Korea?
a. to end communism in Korea and China
b. to contain Communist expansion
c. to build up the United Nations
d. to eliminate Soviet nuclear missile sites in North Korea
19.(STA 8.4) What helped drive the tremendous growth of the U.S. economy after World
War II?
a. new oil supplies
c. an agricultural revolution
b. consumer spending
d. rising interest rates
20.(STA 8.4) One reason Western Europe made a rapid recovery from World War II was
because
a. the war had caused only minor damage to property.
b. the United States provided massive economic aid.
c. strong Communist movements emerged in those countries.
d. sweeping social programs eliminated poverty.
21.(STA 8.5) The tsunami that devastated large areas of Southeast Asia in 2004 is an
example of
a. globalization.
c. a famine.
b. a natural disaster.
d. an NGO.
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22.(STA 8.6) In 1994, about 1 million people were massacred due to ethnic tension in
a. Rwanda.
c. Germany.
b. Darfur.
d. Iraq.
Primary Source 1
“Perestroika is an urgent necessity. . . This society is ripe for change. It has long been yearning for it.
Any delay in beginning perestroika could [lead] to. . . serious social, economic and political crises.”
—Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, 1987.
From On My Country and the World by Mikhail Gorbachev, translated from Russian by George Shriver. Copyright © 2000 by Columbia
University Press. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.
23.(STA 8.6) Who wrote the passage labeled “Primary Source 1”?
a. Mikhail Gorbachev
c. Joseph Stalin
b. Nikita Khrushchev
d. Richard Nixon
24.(STA 8.6) The author of the passage labeled “Primary Source 1” was calling for
a. economic and political reforms in the Soviet Union.
b. an end to the Vietnam War.
c. an immediate conversion to a market economy.
d. a Communist revolution.
25.(STA 8.7) The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 was based on the belief that
a. Saddam Hussein headed al Qaeda.
b. Osama bin Laden was hiding in the country.
c. the world’s oil supply was in danger.
d. the country possessed chemical and biological weapons.
26.(STA 8.7) During recent years, worldwide terrorist attacks have been
a. less deadly.
c. holding steady.
b. decreasing.
d. increasing.
27.(STA 8.7) Americans who contracted and died from anthrax in 2001 were victims of
a. a biological weapon.
c. friendly fire.
b. a chemical weapon.
d. nuclear weapons.
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MAYDAY!
—Dick Adair/Honolulu Advertiser/Rothco Cartoons
28.(STA 8.6) The cartoon titled “MAYDAY!” suggests that the primary cause of the collapse of the
Soviet Union was
a. a military coup.
c. World War II.
b. economic problems.
d. the counterculture.
29.(STA 8.6) Study the political cartoon titled “MAYDAY!” Which statement best describes the
subject of the cartoon?
a. Cuba requests Soviet help during the Cuban missile crisis.
b. Western Europe is on the brink of chaos after World War II.
c. The United States faces a counterculture movement in the 1960s.
d. Economic problems and reforms weaken the Soviet Union.
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30.(STA 8.7) Study the map titled “Worldwide Terrorism Incidents.” What area of the world
suffered the most casualties from terrorist attacks between 1995 and 2005?
a. the Middle East
c. Africa
b. North America
d. Asia
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