SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 1
SHUN LEE CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL
FINAL EXAMINATION 2003-2004
Subject
:
Geography (Paper 1)
Level
:
Form 7
Time allowed :
3 hours
1. Answer a total of FIVE questions.
2. In Part I, answer the compulsory question.
In Part II, answer ONE question from each of Section A, B and C,
and ONE other from either Section A or Section C.
3. All questions carry equal marks.
4. A map extract is provided.
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 2
Part I: Answer the COMPULSORY question.
1.
Study the map extract provided, which shows the Tung Chung – Chek Lap Kok area.
(a) (i) Draw a reduced sketch map of the area at half the original scale.
(2 marks)
(ii) On the sketch map, show the drainage pattern of the channel system draining into the sea
at 013678, and mark its watershed.
(3 marks)
(iii) What is the stream order of the drainage pattern in (a)(ii) according to the Shreve’s
ordering system.
(2 marks)
(b) Refer to grid square 0166.
(i)
(ii)
(c) (i)
Why is mangrove found there?
What ecological impact is likely to be caused by reclamation in the area?
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
Find the area of the airport in square kilometers.
(1 mark)
(ii)
Government attempts to turn Lantau Island into a logistics center of Hong Kong as well as
Pearl River Delta. Using map evidence, comment on the role of airport in Chep Lap Kok
in this project.
(4 marks)
(iii) The rural village of Tung Chung is being developed into a new town. What are the likely
changes in the characteristics of its order and functions?
(4 marks)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 3
Part II
Section A
2.
: Answer at least ONE but not more than TWO questions from this section.
Figures 2a and 2b show the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes near the
Figure 2c shows another type of plate boundary.
Figure 2a
Figure 2b
Tonga
Islands.
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 4
Figure 2c
(a) With reference to Figures 2a and 2b, infer the type of plate boundary where Tonga Trench
locates at.
(2 marks)
(b) Describe and account for the distribution of earthquakes shown by reconciling Figures 2a and
2b.
(5 marks)
(c) Iran earthquake, with magnitude of Richter scale 6.3, took place in December 2003 causing the
death toll of about 30000 persons. Account for the serious death toll there.
(4 marks)
(d) In light of the thought of sea floor spreading, justify whether Hess were able to predict the
occurrence of this type of earthquake.
(3 marks)
(e) Contrast the tectonic activities along plate boundary in (a) and the plate boundary shown in
Figure 2c.
(6 marks)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 5
3.
(a) Refer to Figure 3 on P. 15, and describe the changes of the environmental lapse rates (ELR)
below 3000 m.
(3 marks)
(b) An air parcel at sea level with the following properties is forced to rise mechanically to a height
of 2000 m.
Temperature at 0 m
Dew-point
Dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR)
Saturated adiabatic lapse rate (SALR)
=
=
=
=
20°C
5°C
10°C per 1000 m
5°C per 1000 m
(i) Plot a curve on Figure 3 to show the temperature changes of the rising air parcel.
(3 marks)
(ii) Determine the height at which the dew point is reached. Describe and explain the
atmospheric processes that may take place after the dew point is reached. (4 marks)
(c) The government plans to set up an incinerator. Based on the climatological information of
Figure 3, there are different proposals from the climatologists and scientists.
(i) Explain why the government recommends the installation of the chimney of the
incinerator with height above 2000m.
(3 marks)
(ii) What problems are resulted if the government halves the height of the chimney?
Explain.
(4 marks)
(iii)Apart from the atmospheric stability consideration, suggest other factors that may affect
the severity of the problems that you have mentioned in (c)(ii).
(3 marks)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 6
4.
Refer to Figure 4a which shows the summary of the characteristics of representative plant
communities in Hong Kong. Figure 4b shows the sequence of vegetation succession in Hong
Kong.
Location
Altitude
Aspect
GRASSLAND
Tai Mo Shan lower slope
450 m
Sheltered hillside facing NNE
SCRUBLAND
Tai Shui Hang
100 m
Ridge facing northwest
2312 mm
Porphyry
Red yellow podzol
35 cm (grasses)
2257m
Granite
Red yellow podzol
50 cm
WOODLAND
Tai Wan Tau
40 m
Sheltered valley, facing
south-west
2280m
Volcanic
Krasnozem
-
469
322
97
1020
457
290
31.5×103
17.8×103
476
1
8
80
469
130
400
Rainfall (Annual mean)
Parent Rock
Soil Type
Mean height of canopy
Biomass (dry weight in
g/sq m)
Total (taps and roots)
Aerial parts only
Litter (dry weight in
g/sq m)
Estimated age of stand
(years)
Productivity
(g/sq
m/year)
Figure 4a
Bare ground or
abandoned cultivation
Grassland
Semi-deciduous
hardwood forest
Scrubland
Scrub and Pines
Figure 4b: Succession Model in Hong Kong
(Source: L.B. Thrower, 1975, The Vegetation of Change: Its Structure and Change)
(a) According to Figure 4b, what is the climax vegetation in Hong Kong? (1 mark)
(b) Explain why Tai Mo Shan lower slopes cannot reach the climax vegetation with the following
headings:
(i) aspect;
(4 marks)
(ii) altitude
(4 marks)
(c) The amount of rainfall in Tai Mo Shan lower slope is higher than Tai Wan Tau. However, the
vegetation in Tai Mo Shan lower slope is inferior to Tai Wan Tau. Explain.
(3 marks)
(d) Hill fire often affects the countryside of Hong Kong.
(i) Account for the possible impacts of hill fire on the nutrient cycling.
(4 marks)
(ii) Suggest possible afforestation strategies that Hong Kong government can do in order to
minimize the destructive effects on vegetation as a result of hill fire.
(4 marks)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 7
5.
The Kababish are the most numerous of several tribes whose traditional homeland lies on the fringe
of the Libyan Desert in the Sundan Republic, part of the Sahel Zone. Figure 5a shows the location
of Sahel region and the migration routes of the tribes. Table 5b depicts the time series trend of
rainfall of the same area from 1961-1980.
Figure 5a
(a) Calculate the mean annual precipitation of the region in the given time series.
(1 mark)
(b) Use a suitable graphic method, plot a graph to show how precipitation has deviated from the
mean.
(4 marks)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 8
(c)
How would you describe the rainfall pattern in Sudano-Sahel?
(3 marks)
(d)
(3 marks)
(i)
Describe the patterns of migration of the Kababish.
(ii) Suggest reasons why the Kababish are less migratory since the 1970.
(3 marks)
(iii) Suggest the alternative forms of life that the Kababish would undertake in recent year.
Evaluate the ecological impacts of their acts.
(6 marks)
Year
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
Rainfall (mm)
360
339
299
260
252
351
200
204
275
258
Year
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
Table 5b
Rainfall (mm)
182
152
201
119
119
240
210
147
539
159
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 9
Section B : Answer ONE question from this section.
6. Table 6 shows the chemical fertilizer input and rice yield of some Asian countries.
(a) Find the correlation between the use of chemical fertilizer and food production from Table 6,
using the formula:
Correation coefficien t (rs )  1 
6 d 2
n(n 2  1)
(
(5 marks)
(b) Describe the impacts of using more chemical fertilizer on farming landscapes.
(5 marks)
(c) Discuss how can the farmers increase the rice yield other than using more chemical fertilizers.
(5 marks)
(d) Describe the socio-economic factors that hinder the improvement of rice yield in some Asian
countries.
(5 marks)
Table 6
Country
Fertilizer Input
Rice Yield
(metric tons/1000 ha.)
(metric ton/ha.)
Burma
1.3
1.61
Cambodia
0.6
1.22
Ceylon
61.6
2.14
Japan
371.2
5.75
Laos
Nil
0.82
Malaysia
33.0
2.77
Pakistan
10.1
1.68
Philippines
16.3
1.38
South Korea
210.4
3.91
Taiwan
282.7
4.02
Thailand
7.6
1.71
Vietnam
43.2
2.04
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 10
7.
Table 7 shows changes of farming patterns between early 1900s and late 1900s of a certain country.
Table 7
Early 1900s
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Late 1900s
Cultivated land
13 million hectares
12 million hectares
Percentage under crops
45%
55%
Percentage under grass
55%
45%
Number of farms
500,000
250,000
Number of workers
1,000,000
500,000
Farm power
750,000 horses
500,000 tractors
Land for wheat
500,000 hectares
1,500,000 hectares
Wheat yield per hectare
2 tonnes
6 tonnes
Chemical fertilizers used
little
2 million tonnes
Cattle
8 million
13 million
Sheep
24 million
31 million
Pigs
3 million
8 million
Poultry
62 million
135 million
Copy the following table onto your answer book and complete it with the help of Table 7.
(4 marks)
Early 1900s
Late 1900s
Total output of wheat
Average farm size
Labour productivity of wheat
Man-land ratio
Describe the changes of farming methods for crop growing and livestock raising between these
2 periods.
(6 marks)
What will be the possible effects of the changes of farming methods on population
redistribution?
(3 marks)
How may a million hectares of cultivated land have been lost between these 2 periods.
(3 marks)
Briefly describe the causes of changes mentioned in (b) and (d).
(4 marks)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 11
Section C : Answer at least ONE but not more than TWO questions from this section.
8. Figure 8a and 8b show the land use patterns of a city in 1940 and 2000.
Figure 8a
Figure 8b
(a)
(i)
(ii)
List the locational advantages of zone C as the high class housing in Figure 8a. (2 marks)
Account for the change in the distribution of high class housing shown by Figure 8b
(3 marks)
(b) Account for the location of the industrial area in 1940. Support your answer with map evidence.
(4 marks)
(c) The existing industrial area has created many environmental problems. The government
suggests to relocate some factories to X.
(i) What are the locational advantages of the new industrial site.
(4 marks)
(ii) Why are some factory owners not willing to move?
(4 marks)
(d) Part of the new industrial site is to be developed into a cyberport. How does this development
affect the land use of its adjacent areas?
(3 marks)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 12
9.
In 2003, the HKSAR
government proposed to
build a bridge linking
Hong Kong, Macau and
Zhuhai. Figure 9 shows
the location of the
proposed bridge.
Figure 9
(a) Mr Chan set up his air cargo company in To Kwa Wan in 1980. Most of his employees were
recruited from the public housing estates nearby. After the HKSAR government announced the
plan to build the bridge, he decided to move his company to move his company to the new
logistic centre in Chek Lap Kok.
(i)
Describe the locational advantages of Mr Chan’s company in To Kwa Wan in 1980.
(5 marks)
(ii) Explain why Mr Chan decided to move his company to Chek Lap Kok.
(5 marks)
(b) State the environmental impact of the bridge construction at the estuary of the Zhu Jiang.
(4 marks)
(c) Discuss and explain how the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macsu bridge affects
(i)
the distribution of industries, and
(3 marks)
(ii)
the urban network
(3 marks)
in Zhu Jiang Delta.
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 13
10. Table 10a shows the energy and consumption in China from 1980 to 2000. Table 10b shows the
industrial output and the power reserve in the three economic regions in China in 2000.
Table 10 Energy production and consumption in China ( 1980-20000)
Year
Annual energy production by different power resources
Total energy
consumption
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
HEP
Total
1980
442
152
19
24
637
603
1985
623
179
17
37
856
767
1990
771
198
21
50
1,040
987
1995
972
214
25
80
1,291
1,312
2000
733
233
37
87
1,090
1,280
(in million tones of coal equivalent)
Table 10b
Natural resources
Percentage share of the country’s total
The West
The Central
The East
Industrial Output
9.4
19.7
70.9
Water resources
49.8
25.1
25.1
Coal reserves
38.5
56.2
5.3
Oil reserves
15.7
40.5
43.8
(a) With reference to Table 10a, account for the mismatch of energy production and consumption in
China.
(4 marks)
(b) Explain the problems caused by the over-reliance on coal as power resource.
(3 marks)
(c) With reference to Table 10b, explain the problems cause by the mismatch pf energy production
and consumption areas.
(3 marks)
(d) According to the planning of the Chinese government, west-to-east gas transmission project and
transmitting HEP from the west has been launched.
(i)
Discuss the benefits of these projects.
(4 marks)
(ii)
State the difficulties of the implementation of these projects.
(2 marks)
(e) Other than the projects mentioned in (d), suggest other ways of solving the spatial mismatch of the
energy production and consumption centers in China.
(4 marks)
11. Figure 11a shows the distribution of breweries(beer making) in Victoria, Australia. Table 11b
shows the number of breweries in Victoria and its capital city – Melbourne. Table 11c and d show
the transport cost and production cost of this type of industry.
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 14
Figure 11a
Table 11c
Table 11d
Table 11b
Number of Breweries
Melbourne
Other Part of Victoria
1871
27
95
1938
6
8
1970
5
0
(a) Find out the difference of transport cost per unit output between 100 km and 200 km in
(i) 1871, and
(ii) 1970
(2 marks)
(b) (i)
How does the nature of transport cost in 1970 differ from that of Weber’s model? (2 marks)
(ii) Account for the change in transport cost from 1871 to 1970.
(4 marks)
(c) Account for the change in unit production cost from 1871 to 1970.
(5 marks)
(d) With reference to the information given, describe and explain the changing pattern of breweries
between 1871 and 1970.
(7 marks)
END OF PAPER
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 15
If you attempt this question, detach this portion and submit it with your answer book.
Name and Class
Total Mark
For Question 3
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 16
SHUN LEE CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL
FINAL EXAMINATION 2003-2004
Subject : Geography (Paper 1)
Level : Form 7
Marking Scheme
Question 1
(a)
(i) Accuracy
Legend
Scale
(ii) Accuracy of drainage pattern
Watershed
1
0.5
0.5
2
1
(iii) 8th order stream
(b) (i) silt and mud
fresh water meets and mixes with salt water
nutrients from the land
(2)
(3)
(2)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 17
shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate
(2)
(ii) mangrove totally destroyed / removed
many habitats destroyed
biodiversity reduced / plants and animal species affected
(c)
(2)
(i) 12.5 1 sq km
(ii) airport in Lantau Island is an international airport
bringing tourists
and cargo
well-linked by railway
and highway to urban area of Hong Kong
(1)
ferry pier transport cargo and tourists to
different parts of Zhujiang Delta
in future, the bridge connected Zhuhai and Macau is constructed
(4)
(iii)
Before new town
development
of Lower
After new town
development
Higher
Order
settlement
Type of settlement Rural
Urban
Size of settlement Smaller
Smaller
Building density Lower / scattered / rural Higher
/
nucleated
and types
houses, etc.
multi-storey public
and private housing
(with
shopping
facilities)
Accessibility
Lower / less accessible Higher / more accessible
Means
of Secondary road
Main road and railway
transport
Transport density Lower
Higher
No of community Much fewer (e.g. temple) More (e.g. clinic, fire
facilities
station police station,
churches) with more
shopping facilities
4 pts
Question 2.
(a) destructive plate boundary
(4)
(2)
(b) This type of earthquake is located around a destructive plate boundary.
extensive and
deep.
When two plate move together,
the denser plate is suducted.
Earthquakes are resulted along the subduction zone and called
Benioff Zone.
The earthquake zone is
(5)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 18
(c)
-
the time of earthquake is at 4am / in the morning
high population density of the areas involved
no preventive measures adopted
no experience of earthquakes before
poor housing structure
(d) No
Hess only mentioned about the situation of a sea floor spreading (= constructive plate margin)
(4)
Therefore, his knowledge cannot predict the occurrence of earthquake in destructive plate margin.
(3)
(e)
Direction
Land area
Tectonic
features
Convection
current
Destructive plate
boundary
Move together
Destruction
Subduction zone, fold
mountain, volcanic island
arc…
Uprising
Constructive plate
boundary
Move apart
Creation
Mid-oceanic ridge,
submarine volcano…
Sinking
@2
(6)
Question 3.
(a) Below 250 m, temperature increases with height causing a temperature inversion.
From 250 m upwards, temperature generally decreased with increasing altitude at a rate of about
12.4C/1000m.
The ELR below 1750 m is greater than above it, i.e. the temperature decreases more rapidly from
250 m to 1750 m and less rapidly above 1750m.
(3)
(b)
(i)
(3)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 19
(ii) Dew-point is reached at about 150050m
Condensation process takes place with the changing water vapour into water droplets.
The development of rain clouds with a thickness of about 2100 m (100m).
Freezing process occurs with the formation of ice crystals if freezing temperature is reached.
The coalescence of water droplets and ice crystals may induce precipitation.
(4)
(c) (i)
Above 2000 m, ELR > ALR
the air parcel (i.e. pollutant) temperature is greater than the surrounding
environment
the pollutant can disperse freely
above the level of free convection
(3)
(ii)air pollution / smog is resulted
below level of free convection, ELR < ALR
the air parcel (i.e. pollutant) temperature is colder than the surrounding environment
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 20
after the emission of pollutant, the pollutant sinks back to the original position
when the triggering factor is removed
(iii)
(4)
the time of the day
relief
wind velocity
pollution in upward position
Question 4.
(a) semi-deciduous hardwood forest
(b) (i)
(3)
(1)
Aspect
Tai Mo Shan lower slopes face NNE.
The amount of insolation is less
due to the low angle of incidence.
It is more subject to the influence of cold air mass in winter time.
Winter monsoon is usually stronger than summer monsoon.
(4)
(ii) Altitude
Tai Mo Shan lower slope is located at 450 metres which is high comparing with other
places in the table.
The temperature is much lower
as a result of the environmental lapse rate
6.4C decrease per 1000 metres
Higher relief exposes the vegetation to more windy condition.
(4)
(c) It proves the importance of local factors from this data.
The sheltered valley of Tai Wan Tau enables better moisture protection.
The low altitude of woodland means higher temperature as a result of environmental lapse rate.
Krasnozem is fertile soil than red yellow podzol.
(3)
(d) In short term, the nutrient will be released
from the biomass/litter into soil nutrient
Nutrient loss is resulted also
by volatilization
by rain splash action/wind erosion/water erosion
(4)
(e) introduce fast-growing nitrogen fixer
introduce fire resistant plants
fire break can be planted
plastic cover to protect seeds
(4)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 21
Question 5.
(a) 243.3 mm
(1)
(b)
Correct choice of method
x, y axes
Title
Accuracy
1
1
1
1
(4)
(c)
Rainfall in Sudano-Sahel is very erratic
Variability is 30 - 40%.
In 1960 - 66, there was a wet spell.
In 1966 onwards, the area has been hit by a consistent drought.
There were successive years with rain falling below the average.
Since the drought has lasted long, there is argument saying that is an indication of climatic
change.
(3)
(d) (i)
the pastoral nomads follow carefully selected routes
they follow the summer rain and move northwards into the desert
when the rainy season is over, they move back to the more humid south
(3)
(ii) drought since 1970
has forced the tribe to return south earlier each year from the desert
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 22
herders have to stay to the vicinity of the government-built wells
restricted by the borders between newly independent states in Africa
cannot follow the rain freely to search for pasture the way their ancestors did
(3)
(iii) Ways that the nomadic herders response to the drought:
unwilling to reduce their stock
as they reflect the socio-status and wealth
live close to water holes or wells / semi-nomad
turn to sedentary farming
some herdsmen extended their migration route several hundred kilometres south to more
humid area
(2)
Ecological impacts of their acts:
In a wet spell when rain was above average, there was plenty of food supply. This
encouraged herders to keep a larger number of livestock as pastures were abundant.
The size of stock exceeded the carrying capacity of the land
When drought occurred, pastures were getting worse, herders kept even larger number of
livestock to allow for those that died due to drought.
The palatable parts of plants were consumed. Only those thorny shrubs and perennials
were left.
Overgrazing
exploiting vegetation further with over-grazing. Desertification processes advanced southwards.
The large number of livestock consumed all the plant matters and regeneration became impossible.
Trampling of soil by animals around watering place destroyed soil structure and increased soil
erosion.
(4)
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 23
Question 6
(a)
Country
Burma
Cambodia
Ceylon
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
S. Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Marks
Rank
Fertilizer input
10
11
4
1
12
6
8
7
3
2
9
5
Rank
Rice yield
9
11
5
1
12
4
8
10
3
2
7
6
d2
d
_____
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
4
0
9
0
0
2
1
0
0
4
1
d2=20
rs  1 
6  20
 0.93
12(122  12)
5
(b) application of chemical fertilizer encourages more intensive use of land shorter fallowing period/double
cropping/multiple cropping
high-yielding variety may be introduced
there is greater demand for associated inputs such as irrigation water
However, soil structure and texture may be affected for continuous
application of chemical fertilizer
negative ecological impact/ pollution
5
(c) water scheme that removes danger of flood and supplies irrigation water
introduction of high-yielding variety/green revolution
mechanization
use of pesticide and weedicide to control weeds and pests
scientific farming methods and technological aids
loans and financial assistance
(d) farm fragmentation due to traditional inheritance and high population pressure
landlordism and land tenants cause low incentive in improvement
shortage of capital
low education level
conservative farmers are reluctant to innovations
poor communication
poor administration and management
5
Max. 20
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 24
Question 7
(a)
Total output of wheat
Average farm size
Labour productivity of wheat
Man-land ratio
Early 1900s
1,000,000 tonnes
26 hectares
1 tonne
1 : 13
Late 1900s
9,000,000 tonnes
48 hectares
18 tonnes
1:24
4
(b) - more intensive use of land
- mechanization/machines take place of manual and animal power
- consolidation of farmland/ larger scale of operation
- application of chemical fertilizers/energy subsidy
- capital intensive/more cultural inputs
- more market-oriented farming products such as poultry
- lower labour input/labour extensive
6
(c) - mechanization and application of energy subsidies release labour
- excess labour will go to urban area to seek for employment/rural urban migration
- to strong market linkage with the urban promotes interaction and
communication between rural and urban
- some urban residents will migrate to rural for seeking better
living environment
(d) - marginal land became abandoned due to shortage of labour
- land was use to develop public and social facilities due to
social and economic development
e.g. roads
- development of residential area for migrants from urban area
- development of non-rural activities such as recreational area
3
3
(e) - Industrialization and economic development in urban area provide
better employment opportunities and higher living standard
- growth of urban population create greater market for high order
farming products (market gardening products)
- technological improvement in farming techniques
- urban expansion such as urban sprawl and suburbanization
4
Max 20
Question 8
(a) (i) far away from industrial area and is at a upwind position which is free from pollution
waterfront location with natural beach provides good sea view and water sport amenity
adjacent to the CBD but separated by a river
(ii) The high class housing area near the CBD has degenerated into lesser quality housing
Because of urban decay
2
SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 25
Improvement in transport and increase in car ownership facilities the high income families to the
urban fringe
Where better living environment, ample space and scenic view are available.
(b) land transport is easy evidenced by presence of railway
water transport is also convenient as the industrial located along the river
power is available from the thermal power station
It is near the CBD which can provide the necessary services
River provides water for industry processing and waste disposal
Flat land is available along river bank
(c) (i) The new site is located further away from the CBD where land rent/value is lower
More industrial land can be obtained from reclamation of the bay or by converting the
agricultural land
New town development in its north west provides sufficient labour
Road and railway extended to this new industrial area ensure good transport
New planning and infrastructures for the industrial area are possible
high cost and risk of relocation
industrial inertia
loss of linkages and experienced workers
personal and behavioural factors
(d) urban encroachment is speeded up and more farmland will be converted into urban land uses
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(ii)
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more agricultural land will be abandoned for speculation
residential land use and commercial land use will be developed to support the cyberport.
Question 9
(a) (i) the company was adjacent to Kai Tak International airport
there was adequate supply of labour from the public housing estate nearby
close to factories in Kowloon Bay/Ngau Tau Kok and Kwun Tong
low rent in To Kwa Wan
inside the Metro area with good infrastructure
good support and services within the Metro area
good transport network
agglomeration of air cargo company in To Kwa Wan
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(ii) decline of industrial activities within the Metro area
closer to the new international airport
shorter distance which can saves traveling time and cost
newly developed logistic center with better infrastructure and facilities
upon the completion of the bridge, more business opportunities can be found in the western part
of the Zhu Jiang Delta
the bridge also encourage further development in Lantau Island and western part of Hong Kong
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SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 26
(b) construction will bring noise / water / air pollution
the turbidity of water increases
it will affect the habitat / the life of plants and animals
especially the white dolphins
the current and water-flow in Zhu Jiang Delta will be affected
heavy traffic will also bring adverse effect on environment
(c) (i) industries in Zhu Jiang Delta will shift to the western part
such as Zhuhai / Zhongshan / Panyu
for lower rent / labour / and cost of living
improved infrastructure
a more even distribution pattern of industries over Zhu Jiang Dela
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(ii) The population size of Zhuhai / Zhongshan / Panyu will increase
because of inflow of migrant labour from other provinces
more employment opportunities generated by industrial and associated development
development of other rural towns
rise of a megalopolis / city belt in the Zhu Jiang Delta.
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Question 10
(a) energy production cannot catch up with the increase in energy consumption
the rapid increase in energy consumption since 1980 is caused by the open door policy
which leads to economic development, urbanisation and industrialization
rise in living standard causes great energy consumption
development in transportation demands for more fuel
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(b) heavy reliance on coal has caused serious air pollution problem
such as smog and acid rain
combustion of coal also releases large amount of carbon dioxide which accelerate global warming
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(c)
(d)
the East is the most economically developed area in China where most energy resources are
consumed.
However, most energy reserve in China is in the West
Transporting coal and oil long distances increases the price of power
It also adds to the burden on transport network
It also increase the production cost of industrial products and affect their competitive power
(i) more reliable energy supply can be obtain in the East
more environmental-friendly energy resources can be obtained in the East
more stable prices of energy resources
coal and oil can be reserved for raw materials of industries
it can also provide good income for the West
the infrastructure in the West can be improved
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SLCSS/Geog/Exam/Form 7/1//P. 27
(ii) the construction of pipelines and electricity transmission networks are in high cost
(e)
construction of large dams causes great environmental problems
there are interest conflict and competition amongst different provinces
use of alternative energy resources such as nuclear power
move industries to the Central and the West / go West
conserving energy and use energy more efficiently
importing energy resources from overseas
Question 11
(a) (i) $3.85-$3.1=$0.75
(ii) $1.62-$1.50=$0.12
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1(2)
(b) (i) According to Weber, transport cost is direct proportional to distance and weight.
According to the graph, transport cost does not start from zero, there is terminal cost.
transport cost increases in diminishing rate according to distance / taper off rate
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(ii) From 1871 to 1970, unit transport cost decrease
There is greater taper off rate / the difference between short and long distance transport
is greater
It is because the improvement in transport network and transport technology
Use of containers can ensure efficient and safe transport
Large carrying capacity also enjoys greater economies of scale
(c) - unit production cost decreases
- due to improvement in production technology
- greater scale of production becomes more favourable
- diminishing marginal production cost gets greater
- economies of scale becomes more significant
mass production system
(d)
- as production technology improves
- large scale of operation is possible and more economic
- small-scale breweries become less competitive and fade out
- improvement in transportation
- lower transport cost encourage long-distance delivery
- development of metropolitan / urban expansion
- further agglomeration / greater benefit of economies of scale
- population redistribution
- expansion of urban market
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