TABLE OF CONTENTS
CC102 Naval Heritage and Doctrine……………………………………………………………….3
CC103 Administrative/Command and Control………………………………………….10
NMCB 101 Administrative/Command and Control………………………………….21
CC104 General Safety……………………………………………………………………………………………..25
CC105 Basic First Aid and Persona Hygiene……………………………………….44
CC106 HazMat/Haz Waste/Environmental Safety………………………………….60
CC107 Supply Logistics………………………………………………………………………………………..67
NMCB 102 Supply/Logistics………………………………………………………………………………..76
CC108 Comm/Communications Security Material Systems…………….80
NMCB 103 Communications……………………………………………………………………………………..85
CC109 Weapons………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..92
NMCB104 Weapons Fundamentals…………………………………………………………………………102
CC110 General Military Tactics……………………………………………………………………129
CC111 Contingency Operations……………………………………………………………………….153
NMCB106 Contingency Operations………………………………………………………………….157
CC112 CBR………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….165
CC113 Embarkation Fundamentals……………………………………………………………………185
NMCB105 Embarkation Fundamentals………………………………………………………………198
CC114 Civil Engineer Support Equipment (CESE)………………………..200
NMCB107 Civil Engineer Support Equipment (CESE)…………………….203
CC115 Operational Risk Management………………………………………………………….207
This study guide has been developed to aid you in your studies
for the Seabee Combat Warfare SCW) Specialist program, it is not
all-inclusive and some sections may be outdated. It is YOUR
responsibility to prepare for your SCW test and oral board by
studying ALL questions in your PQS books.
2
Unit 102 CC
NAVAL HERITAGE AND DOCTRINE FUNDAMENTALS
References: Naval Doctrine Publication 1, Naval Warfare.
Naval Doctrine Publication 5, Naval Planning.
Naval Construction Force Manual NAVFAC P-315
Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1, NAVEDTRA 12003.
PQS Question 102.1 State the six areas of Naval Doctrine.
Reference: Naval Doctrine Publication 1, Naval Warfare Naval
Warfare
Naval Intelligence
Naval Operations
Naval Logistics
Naval Planning
Naval Command and Control
Naval Warfare
Naval Warfare describes the inherent nature and enduring
principles of naval forces
Naval Intelligence
Naval Intelligence points the way for intelligence support in
meeting the requirements of both regional conflicts and
operations other than war
Naval Operations
Naval Operations develops doctrine to reaffirm the Foundation of
U. S. Navy and Marine Corps Expeditionary maritime traditions
Naval Logistics
Naval Logistics, addresses the full range of logistical
capabilities that are essential in the support of naval forces
Naval Planning
Naval Planning examines force planning and the relationship
between our capabilities and operational planning in the joint
and multinational environment.
COMMAND AND CONTROL
Naval Command and Control, provides the basic concepts to
fulfill the information needs of commanders, forces, and weapon
systems.
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WILCOP acronym
Warfare
Intel
Logistics
Command and Control
Operations
Planning
PQS Question 102.2
Describe the conditions that led to the
formation of the U. S. Navy
Reference:
Naval Doctrine Publication 5, Naval Planning
General George Washington initiated America’s first sea-based
offensive against the British. Washington’s armed vessels
provided significant support to colonial efforts, demonstrating
the value of military operations at sea.
The initial continental fleet was comprised from converted
merchantmen. As Congress continued to commission ships, notable
leaders such as John Paul Jones helped to develop a proud and
capable Navy. Early fleets were manned by Marines as part of
their ships’ crews. In essence, the first Marines were soldiers
detailed for sea service.
Congress continued to provide for Marines as long as there was
one Navy ship still at sea.
Post Revolutionary War:
Both the Continental Navy and Marine Corps were disbanded
1790
A fleet of “ten boats for the collection of revenue” was
authorized and became commonly known as the Revenue Marine.
1794
Congress authorized the Department of War to construct fix
frigates, for the protection of American merchantmen against the
Barbary corsairs.
USS
USS
USS
USS
USS
USS
Constitution
Constellation
Congress
Chesapeake
United States
President
4
1798
Four years later, in response to renewed aggression by France
during its war against Great Britain, Congress finally
established the Department of the Navy, authorized the Marine
Corps, and began the first significant buildup of naval forces
as we know them today.
Three maritime services of today
Navy
Marine Corps
Coast Guard
PQS Question 102.3
State the qualities that characterize the
Navy/Marine corps team as instruments to support national
policies.
Reference:
Naval Doctrine Publication 1, Naval Warfare.
The qualities that characterize most modern naval forces as
political instruments in support of national policies are the
same as those that define the essence of our naval Services
today. These qualities are readiness, flexibility, selfsustainability, and mobility.
These qualities permit naval forces to be expeditionary.
Naval expeditionary forces draw upon their readiness,
flexibility, self-sustainability, and mobility to provide the
National Command.
PQS Question 102.4
Describe the conditions that led to the
creation of the Seabees.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003,Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume I
Prior to 1941, the Civil Engineer Corps used private contractors
to accomplish all overseas construction.
The contractors, in turn, hired steelworkers, electricians,
carpenters, draftsman, and mechanics from private industry.
The Navy realized that, in the event of war, civilian
contractors and construction workers could not be used very well
outside our own country.
As World War II drew near, there was an urgent need for more
overseas bases.
It became clear there was an urgent need for a combat trained
Military Construction Organization.
5
The first construction units were organized early in January
1942.
PQS Question 102.5
Describe the significance of March 5, 1942
as it pertains to the Seabees.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003,Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume I
The name Seabees is derived from the first construction
battalions (CB’s) that were organized early in January 1942.
Officially, permission to use the name “Seabee” was granted on
05 March 1942.
Seabee Combat Warfare Pin: Describe the 5 Components of the SCWS
Pin.
1. Oak Leaves – Represents the Civil Engineering Corps (CEC)
2. Saber – Represents the officers community
3. Anchor – Represents the chiefs community
4. Rifle – 1903 Springfield Rifle (first rifle used by the
Seabees)
5. Bee – Represents the enlisted community
PQS Question 102.6 Describe the significance of the following
personnel: Admiral Ben Moreell
CM3 Marvin Shields
Reference: NAVEDTRA 120003,Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Admiral Ben Moreell: (Father of the Seabees)
Rear Admiral Ben Moreell, Chief of the Bureau of Yards and
Docks, decided to activate, organize and man construction
battalions after the attack of Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941.
He requested specific authority to carry out his decision.
On 5 January 1942 he gained the authority for the Bureau of
Navigation to recruit men for the construction trades for
assignment to a Naval Construction Regiment composed of three
Naval Construction Battalions.
This was the beginning of the renowned Seabees.
CM3 Marvin Shields: Medal of Honor winner
The first Seabee in history to receive the Medal of Honor.
Mortally wounded at Dong Xoai, Vietnam on 10 June 1965, Petty
Officer Shields paid the ultimate price. Shields and his unit,
Seabee Team 1104, were constructing a compound for Detachment
6
A342, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne) when they were
attacked by a Vietcong regiment.
PQS Question 102.7 State the importance of planning to Naval
Operations.
Reference:
Naval Doctrine Publication 5, Naval Planning
Naval planning is fundamental to leadership. Planning provides
the discipline to focus on the objectives, intentions,
capabilities, and resources required to accomplish assigned
missions. Planning also requires commanders to estimate the
capabilities of a potential adversary and to evaluate options.
PQS Question 102.8 State the significant contributions made by
the Seabees during the following periods:
World War II
Korea
Vietnam
Post Vietnam
Reference:
NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual
World War II
325,000 men served in the the Naval Construction Force during
the Second World War.
The Seabees built over 400 advance bases along five figurative
roads to victory.
Constructed fuel tank farms, airfields, supply depots, and other
facilities for supporting actions in the Coral Sea and Solomon
Islands.
In the Pacific the Seabees built 111 major airstrips, 441 piers,
2,558 ammunition magazines, 700 square blocks of warehouses,
hospitals for 70,000 patients, tanks for storing 100,000 gallons
of gasoline and housing for 1,500,000 men.
At Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides, Seabees constructed a
5,000 foot airstrip from virgin jungle in 20 days.
7
KOREA
In Korea the Seabees rose to the challenge of the Cold War. At
the Inchon landing in September, 1950, Seabees positioned
pontoon causeways within hours of the first beach assault and
did it while under continuous enemy fire and in the face of
enormously and strong tides.
The Seabees were 35 days to complete an airstrip in Wonson, they
had the strip ready in 16 days. While building the strip the
Seabees were under constant artillery bombardment from enemy
forces on neighboring islands. “Operation Crippled Chick”
VIETNAM
The first full Seabee battalion arrived in Vietnam on 7 May 1965
to build an expeditionary airfield for the Marines at Chu Lai.
Seabees built schools, hospitals, utilities systems, roads and
other community facilities.
Post Vietnam
The post-Vietnam Seabees were involved in new construction
frontiers: the Indian Ocean, the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands, Europe, on the ocean floor, and in most of the oceans
of the globe.
Post Vietnam (continued)
One of the major peacetime projects undertaken by Seabees after
Vietnam was the development construction, and operation of a
United States naval Communications Station on Diego Garcia.
PQS Question 102.9 Identify and explain the purpose of the
following ratings: BU
CE
CM
EA
EO
SW
UT
Reference:
Manual
Reference:
NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force
Builder (BU) Rating: Perform construction, maintenance, and
repair of wood, concrete, masonry structures, and concrete
pavement.
Construction Electrician (CE) Rating: Install, operate, service,
and overhaul electrical generating and distribution systems
Construction Mechanic (CM) Rating: Perform maintenance, repair,
and overhaul of automotive, material-handling, and construction
equipment
Engineering Aid (EA) Rating: Engineering Aids Perform
construction surveying, drafting, planning, estimating, and
quality control.
Equipment Operator (EO) Rating: Perform operation of automotive
material-handling, weight-handling, and construction equipment.
8
Steelworker (SW) Rating: Steelworkers Perform fabrication,
assembly, erect, position, and join structural materials
Utilitiesman (UT) Rating: Perform maintenance, and repair of
plumbing, heating, steam, compressed air, fuel storage, water
treatment and distribution systems, air conditioning,
refrigeration equipment, sewage collecting and disposal
facilities
Original Rates
(SW)(BU)(EO)
PQS Question 102.10
Corps
State the purpose of the Civil Engineer
Reference: Naval Doctrine Publication 5, Naval Planning
Modern day CEC is responsible for planning construction, and
public works functions at Navy and Marine Corps bases worldwide,
and for leading the NCF
9
Unit 103 CC
ADMINISTRATIVE/COMMAND AND CONTROL
References:
Bluejackets Manual 21st Edition
NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual
OPNAVINST 1306.2, Fleet, Force, and CMC Program.
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1.
EDVR Manual
NAVEDTRA 12801, Radioman Communications.
SECNAVINST 5216.5D
Navpers 15550, Naval Military Personnel Manual.
NAVEDTRA 10047, MILITARY Requirements for Chief Petty Officer.
BUPERSINST 1610.10, Evaluation and Fitness Report.
NAVTRA 12609, Legalman
OPNAVINST 3100.6F, Special Incident Report.
NWP 10-1-10 (A), Operational Reports
NWP 10-1-11, Status of Resources and Training System (SORTS)
NAVFAC P-1107, Seabee Skills Assessment Program
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 2.
PQS Question 103.1 Describe the following as they apply to the
administrative chain of command
a.
Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV)
b.
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
c.
Fleet Commander in Chief (CINC
d.
Naval Construction Division(NCD)
e.
Naval Construction Regiment (NCR)
Reference: Bluejackets Manual 21st Edition
Secretary of the Navy
Civilian in charge of the Department of the Navy Under the
direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. (SECDEF)
Responsible for the policies and control of the Department of the
Navy (DON).
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
Senior military officer of the DON and outranks all other Naval
officers, unless another naval officer is serving as the
chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff(JCS). Principle naval
advisor to the President and SECNAV on the conduct of war.
Fleet Commander in Chief (CINC)
Commanders of operational forces:
CINCPACFLT
CINCLANTFLT
CINCUSNAVEUR
CINCEUR
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Naval Construction Division(1NCD)
Exercise administrative and operational control of assigned NCF
units.
Naval Construction Regiment (NCR)
Exercise administrative and operational control of assigned NMCBs
PQS Question 103.2. Describe the role of the following.
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
Fleet Master Chief
Force Master Chief
Command Master Chief
Reference: Bluejackets Manual 21st Edition
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
Navy’s senior enlisted member, assigned to Chief of Naval
Personnel for three years. Senior enlisted advisor to the Chief
of Naval Operations and the Chief of Naval Personnel
The fleet and Force Master Chief Petty Officers and the Command
Master Chief Petty Officers Function as principal enlisted advisers
to unit commanders and commanding officers.
PQS Question 103.3 Describe Duties and responsibilities of naval
leadership positions
Commanding Officer
Executive Officer
Command Master Chief
S-1 Admin Officer
S-2 Intel Officer
S-3 Operations Officer
S-4 Supply Officer
S-7 Training Officer
Company Commander
Platoon Commander
Right Guide
Squad Leader
Fire Team Leader
Reference: NAVFAC P-315
Commanding Officer The Commanding Officer is directly
responsible for the timely preparedness and successful
completion of all construction projects and disaster recovery
operations assigned to the NCF unit by higher authority.
Executive Officer The Executive Officer is the direct
representative of, and principal assistant to, the Commanding
Officer. He/she executes the policies and instructions of the
Commanding Officer. While in the execution of his/her duties,
the Executive Officer takes precedence over all persons under
the command of the Commanding Officer.
11
Command Master Chief The Command Master Chief not only provides the
Commanding Officer with a senior enlisted assistant but, most
important, provides a direct channel for communications between the
enlisted personnel and the command on problems or questions that
cannot be resolved though normal command channels.
S1 Administrative Officer The Battalion Administrative and Personnel
Officer is the senior assistant to the Executive Officer for
administrative details and personnel administration. It is normally
divided into two sections.
1.Administrative Section
2.Personnel Section
Administrative Section
Reports
Clerical Pool
Directives
Records
Classified Material
Personnel Section
Enlisted Service Records
Check In/Out
Legal
Mail
Officer
Personnel Accounting
S2 Intelligence Officer
Maintain library of contingency plans and maps
Supporting plans for combat support and disaster recovery
Operate the armory
S3 Operations Officer
The Operations Officer is responsible to the Commanding Officer
to manage the construction and disaster preparedness programs.
In keeping with the responsibility, he is granted direct
supervisory authority over the utilization of the battalion’s
construction resources; personnel, equipment and materials.
S4 Supply Officer
The senior officer of the Supply Corps assigned to the battalion is
the S-4 of the executive staff and is head of the battalion Supply
Department. The responsibilities are to procure, receive, store,
issue, ship, transfer and account for supply items, equipage, repair
parts and construction materials.
Operation of the Enlisted Dining Facility and disbursement and
accounting for funds for battalion purchases and military pay
are also functions of the S-4.
S-7 Training officer
The S-7 officer is responsible for scheduling and monitoring
technical and military training in the NMCB.
Schedules classrooms, ranges, and spaces for training
12
Prepares homeport training plan
Company Commander
The Company Commander is responsible for the administration of
the company. The responsibilities include the Following.
Morale and welfare of the men and women assigned to the company.
Training and readiness of the company
Economical use of materials and funds.
Safety
Recreation
Discipline of the men and women within the company
Directives, correspondence and reporting.
Platoon Commander
The platoon commander is generally a Chief Petty Officer.
He/she is responsible for the training, discipline, control, and
tactical deployment of the platoon.
In addition the platoon commander is responsible for the overall
planning, scheduling, safety, quality controls, and project
management of those projects assigned to the platoon by the
Company Commander.
Right Guide
The platoon right guide is generally a first class petty officer
who performs the administrative functions the platoon commander
may direct.
He/she is responsible for the supply and timely re-supply of the
platoon in combat and often performs a similar task on the job site.
Squad Leader
The squad leader is generally a first class petty officer.
He/she carries out the orders of the platoon commander and is
responsible to him/her for the discipline, appearance, training,
control, and conduct of the squad at all times.
In combat, he/she has the important responsibilities of fire
discipline, fire control, and maneuvering the squad.
Fire Team Leader
The fire team leader, generally a second class petty officer,
carries out the orders of the squad leader and is responsible
for the effective employment of the fire team.
His/her primary responsibility is to control the fire team in
combat.
In addition the fire team leader is responsible for the care and
condition of the weapons and equipment of the fire team.
13
PQS Question 103.4 Describe the Missions of the following
commands: Naval Mobile Construction Battalion NMCB)
Construction Battalion Unit (CBU)
Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit (CBMU)
Amphibious Construction Battalion (PHIBCB)
Underwater Construction Team (UCT)
Civic Action Team (CAT)
Naval Construction Force Support Unit (NCFSU)
Naval Construction Brigade (NCB)
Naval Construction Regiment (NCR)
Reference:NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1.
The Naval Mobile Construction Battalions (NMCBs) are primarily
designed for construction and military support operations to build
advance base facilities in support of the armed forces.
The function of an NMCB also includes projects or repair And
operation of facilities and lines of communications during
emergencies or under conditions that demand immediate action.
The Construction Battalion Units mission is to be prepared to
mobilize either as a contingency augment for active NMCBs or as
Fleet Hospital public works support units.
Also included in the mission of the CBU is conducting
individual military and technical skill training essential to
maintain the required readiness posture; and to perform
construction assignments or other such functions as may be
directed to further that intent.
The Construction Battalion Maintenance Units operate, maintain,
and repair public works and utilities at an already established
advance base or at a recently constructed base after the
departure of the NMCB or NMCBs that built it. In addition the
CBMU maintains security against unfriendly acts and is capable
of conducting its own defenses. The unit also provides limited
construction support for the base, for civic action programs,
and for self-help projects. The unit also participates in
disaster recovery operations.
The Amphibious Construction Battalions (PHIBCBs) are commissioned
naval units whose main function is to provide military and amphibious
construction support to the armed forces in military operations.
The Underwater Construction Teams (UCTs) are specially trained
units that construct, maintain, and repair underwater
facilities. Each UCT is capable of performing underwater
construction tasks and surveying the sea bottom to select the
site for an underwater facility.
14
A Civic Action Team is a small, highly mobile, air transportable
construction unit that can be tailored to accomplish a variety
of construction tasks. Teams carry enough food, tool kits, and
automotive and construction equipment to be self-sufficient in
the field while performing their construction tasks.
The Naval Construction Force Support Units (NCFSUs) provide
logistical support for a Naval Construction Regiment and other
supported Naval Construction Force units. NCFSU equipment is
maintained both in the active force and in the Reserve.
Division (1NCD)
Commander, has been established as a representative of the
Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet and the Commander in
Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet, respectively to exercise command and
administrative control over assigned NMCBs.
NAVAL CONSTRUCTION REGIMENTS
Under the direction of the Second Naval Construction
Brigade/Third Naval Construction Brigade, the mission of the
home port Naval Construction Regiment is to ensure maximum
effectiveness of all units while at home port.
The Naval Construction Regiment assists the NMCBs in achieving
the highest possible state of readiness to meet their disaster
recovery, contingency, and wartime missions of military
construction support of the armed forces.
PQS Question103.5 Define Operational and Administrative Control
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1.
Operational Control,OPCON Is defined as the authority to assign
tasks, to designate objectives, and to give any specific
directions necessary to accomplish a mission. If required, a
specific date for mission completion may be specified.
Administrative Control, ADCON Is defined as the coordination of
training, project selection, logistic support, movement of
personnel and equipment, furnishing services, supplies, and
materials for assigned units.
PQS Question 103.6 Describe the purpose of Operation Plan
(OPLAN) Operational orders (OPORDS), and Warning Orders
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1..
15
Operational Plan, (OPLAN) is a detailed statement of a course of
action to be followed to accomplish a future mission
Operational Order, (OPORDS) may be oral, dictated, or in
written form. The most important determining factor of the form
and the method of issuing an OPORD is time available for its
preparation and distribution.
WARNING ORDER
The purpose of a Warning Order is to give advance notice that a
unit is to be moved. If time permits, the order is usually
issued about 90 days in advance of the departure date. This
time period allows subordinate units time to prepare for the
move.
PQS Question 103.7 State the purpose and discuss the contents of
the Enlisted Distribution Verification Report (EDVR).
Reference: 10804 UM-01 Enlisted Distribution and Verification
Report Users Manual
Enlisted Distribution Verification Report (EDVR) is a monthly
statement of a command's enlisted personnel account. The EDVR is
distributed monthly by the Enlisted Personnel Management Center
(EPMAC). This document lists all personnel assigned. Summary by
distribution community of the present and future manning status
of the activity.
Common reference for communicating manning status between an
activity and its Manning Control Authority (MCA).
Statement of account for verification by the Personnel and Pay
Services Unit Identification Permanent historical record of an
activity's enlisted personnel account.
PQS Question 103.8
Naval message
E-mail
Explain the use of the following:
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12801, SECNAVINST 5216.5d
NAVAL MESSAGE
Written documents to pass or receive information to and from
other units which requires an immediate response.
E Mail
Electronic mail (E-Mail) lets individuals and activities
exchange information by computer. You may use it for informal
16
communications in place of telephone calls or to transmit formal
correspondence within DOD.
PQS Question 103.9 Explain what each of the following enlisted
service record pages are and what entries are made on each:
Page 2
Page 4
Page 13
Reference:
NAVPERS15550
PAGE 2
Dependency Application Record of Emergency Data.
The page 2 is a multipurpose form for both officer and enlisted
members.
Part I serves as an application for dependency allowances and
is used to record military spouse data..
Part II provides an immediately accessible, up-to-date record of
emergency data for casualty reporting and notification of the
next of kin
PAGE 4
Enlisted Qualification History. The page 4 consist of
chronological history of your occupational and training related
qualifications and your awards and commendations.
PAGE 13
Administrative remarks. Serves as a chronological record of
significant miscellaneous entries that are not provided for
elsewhere in the service record. Also used to provide more
detailed Information to clarify entries on other pages of the
service record.
PQS Question 103.10 Describe the purpose and general rules
the following: Personnel counseling
Performance counseling
of
Reference: NAVEDTRA 10047, Military Requirements for Chief Petty
Officer
Personnel Counseling: Not every problem requires referral;
often things can be solved by the member’s Chain of Command
But, know when referral is necessary
drugs/alcohol
behavioral disorders
psychological problem
17
Performance Counseling: Required for:
advancement in rate
qualification for retention and reenlistment
selection for responsible assignments
selection for special training
awards
type of discharge received
Individual Rights
submit input
make a statement
PQS Question 103.11 Explain the use of a Report and Disposition
of Offense(s) (NAVPERS Form 1626/7).
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12609, Legalman
Reports offenses, Advises rights to accused, Serves as
preliminary inquiry, Records XOI results Records CO’s mast
results
PQS Question 103.12 Explain the purpose of the following:
Operation Report (OPREP)
Situation Report (SITREP)
Logistical Requirements (LOGREQ)
Status of Requirement and Training Support (SORTS)
Reference: NWP10-1-10(A)
OPREP
Significant event likely to draw national attention.
Will likely have impact on Navy Operations, and/or fatalities in
the line of duty.
SITREP
Used if local interest is expected and minimal impact to Navy
Operations will result from the incident. Event not likely to
draw national attention (auto accident)
LOGREQ
Reports are used by a command to report logistical requirements
to higher headquarters. Format for the report will be issued by
the higher unit in the operation.
SORTS
Status of Requirement and Training Support (SORTS).
18
SORTS is a unit reporting format utilized to summarize a unit’s
training and operational readiness to higher headquarters and
the theater commanders (CINC).
PQS Question 103.13 Explain the difference between a security
clearance and access
Reference: Bluejackets’
Manual 21st Edition.
Clearance--Administrative action that individual can be trusted
with classified material.
Access-- No one has a right to have access to classified
information solely because of rank, position, or security
clearance. Access is base on persons need to know.
PQS Question 103.14
Program (SSAP).
Reference:
Describe the Seabee Skills Assessment
NAVFAC P-1107
Continuous updating of a member’s skills
individual general skills (related to two or more ratings)
individual rating skills
individual special skills
military skills
crew skills (construction skills)
PQS Question 103.15 Describe the command relationship between a
Naval Construction Force unit and a Marine Air/Ground Task Force
(MAGTF) unit.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 2
The MARINE AIR GROUND TASK FORCE (MAGTF) is a combined arms
force of varying size made up of Fleet Marine Force and Naval
Elements, and includes infantry, artillery, armor, engineer,
reconnaissance, aviation and logistics components.
The four elements are as follows:
Command Element (CE).
Ground Combat Element (GCE).
Aviation Combat Element (ACE)
Combat Service Support Element (CSSE).
The seven primary MAGTF Engineer Assets are:
19
Seabees.
Engineer Support Battalion.
Combat Engineer Battalion.
Host nation support.
MWSG / MWSS.
Joint / combined.
Civilian Contractor
PQS Question 103.16 Explain your responsibilities and conduct
required as a combatant under the Laws of Armed Conflict
Reference:NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1.
Combatants carry weapons and participate in military operations
Noncombatants (civilians, medical, chaplains) don’t
Do not attack enemy troops who are wounded, sick, or surrender
Medical care to captured enemy troops
Do not take personal property from captured enemy troops
Captives may perform work, but nothing that assists your war
effort
Use appropriate level of force, avoid protected property
Don’t alter weapons to cause more suffering, don’t use poison
weapons
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UNIT 101 NMCB
Administration/Command and Control
Fundamentals
References:
P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2
COMSECND/THIRDINST 35011, Status of Readiness Training System
PQS Question 101.1 Describe the function of the following
companies within the battalion.
Alfa
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Headquarters
Reference:
P-315 Naval Construction Force Manual
Alfa Company
Is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the
automotive, construction and materials-handling equipment
assigned to the battalion. Prime contractor for horizontal
construction projects.
Bravo Company
Is responsible for water, sanitary sewer, and power distribution
systems, fuel systems, and communications projects. Bravo
company serves as a mini public works department providing for
maintenance and operation of the unit’s camp.
Charlie/Delta Company
Are the NMCB's general construction company.
Responsible for prime contracts and an occasional subcontract;
normally equal in strength and capabilities; they function as
prime contractors for vertical construction.
Headquarters Company
Is the administrative and military organization for all enlisted
personnel assigned to the NMCB's executive and special staffs.
The Headquarters Company provides support to the line companies
in construction and disaster recovery operations.
PQS Question 101.2 Describe the duties and responsibilities of
the following departments/divisions.
Admin/Personnel
Intel (S-2)
Operations (S-3)
Supply (S-4)
Comm/ADP (S-6)
Training (S-7)
Special Staff (X codes)
21
Reference:
P-315 Naval Construction Force Manual
Admin/Personnel (S1)
Senior assistant to the XO.
Prepares admin reports, maintains tickler file on recurring
reports.
Maintain battalion library on directives and pubs.
Draft and produce internal pubs.
Maintain service records
Intel (S2)
Maintain library of contingency plans and maps.
Supporting plans for combat support and disaster recovery
Operate the armory
Operations (S3)
Planning, scheduling, and managing of battalion construction,
combat, and disaster recovery Ops.
Construction quality.
Evaluation of received OPORDS, prepare internal OPORDS for
battalion.
Assigns enlisted personnel to departments, companies, and
detachments
Supply (S4)
Procuring, receiving, storing, issuing, and accounting for all
equipment, repair parts, and construction material
Disburses funds for purchases, pay, and allowances
Operates dining facility, barber shop, central store room,
central tool room
Operates mail system
COMM/ADP (S6)
The S6 is responsible for tactical communications training,
equipment, and procedures.
Responsible for installation, training, and maintenance of all
ADP equipment
Training (S7)
Scheduling and monitoring technical and military training
Schedules classrooms, ranges, and spaces for training
Prepares homeport training plan
Special Staff Codes (X)
Chaplain (X1): An Officer of the Chaplain Corps, responsible for
the performance of all duties relating to religious activities.
22
Dental Officer (X2): An Officer of the Dental Corps is assigned
to the Battalion as a member of the staff and head of the
Battalion Dental department.
Legal Officer (X3): Interpretation and application of the
Uniform Code of Military Justice
Medical Officer (X4): The Battalion Medical Officer is
responsible for maintaining the health of the personnel of the
command.
Disaster Preparedness Officer: To be informed of the most
current disaster control and recovery techniques
Embarkation Officer: Orderly and efficient embarkation of the
entire NMCB or any portion thereof.
Ordnance Officer: Responsible for maintenance, issue, and
control of weapons, ammunition and infantry equipment.
Public Affairs Officer: Handles any major news items, request
photographs as required and keep scrapbook on battalion
activities.
Security Officer: Determines the adequacy of physical security
in the command.
Special Services Officer: Administers the Battalion’s Special
Service Program(MWR)
Marine Advisor: Provides ADVICE in the areas of military
training, small arms and defensive tactics.
Chief Master-at-arms: Assists the Executive Officer in
maintaining good order and discipline.
Career Counselor: Readiness of the Navy depends upon the
retention of well trained and highly qualified personnel who
will reenlist for career service:
PQS Question 101.3
Company Chief.
Reference:
State the duties and responsibilities of the
P-315 Naval Construction Force Manual
23
Company Chief
The Company Chief is normally the senior enlisted person in the
company. As an assistant to the Company Commander his/her duties
and responsibilities include.
Enforcing the policies of the Company Commander
Supervision and administration of the company
Inspect company berthing and work spaces
Provide guidance and counsel to company personnel
PQS Question 101.4 State the purpose of and describe the
following.
Combat Operation Center (COC)
Alternate Combat Operation Center (ACOC)
Field Exercise (FEX)
Air Detachment (AIRDET)
Reference: P-315 Naval Construction Force Manual
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2
COMSECND/THIRDINST 35011, Status of Readiness Training System
Combat Operation Center
The COC is used to maintain command and control of battalion in
tactical environment. Manned by watch standers at CBR,
Operations, and Fire Support Coordinator board, plus
communicators and watch officer
Alternate COC
Alternate COC--requires same information and set-up as COC;
assumes control of battalion if COC is destroyed
Field Exercise (FEX)
Real time tactical scenario which exercises battalion’s embark,
tactical, and command and control functions
Air Detachment
NMCB Rapid Response Force
89 personnel (125 Heavy)
35-45 pieces of CESE
Usually task organized
Ready to fly in 48 hours from receipt of a warning order. Can
accomplish all missions of a battalion, but on a smaller scale
24
UNIT 104 CC
SAFETY
OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH)
Program Manual
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy Construction
Safety Manual
Industrial/Construction Standards 29 CFR 1910/1926
NAVEDTRA 10636-J, Construction Electrician 3 & 2
The Bluejackets’ Manual 21st Edition
NAVEDTRA 12971, Naval Safety Supervisor
PQS Question 104.1 Explain the responsibilities of the following
personnel as applied to safety:
a.
c.
e.
g.
Commanding Officer
Safety Officer
Supervisor
Safety Petty Officer
b.
d.
f.
h.
Executive Officer
Department Head/Company
Crew leader
All hands
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy
Construction Safety Manual
Commanding Officer
Responsible for the safety and health of all military and
civilian personnel, the safe use and condition of equipment, and
the protection of all government property.
Ensures compliance with established procedures and work
practices.
Ensures OSH councils and committees are formed at appropriate
command levels.
Ensures compliance with current instructions and regulations.
Ensures all work places receive a safety inspection at least
annually.
Establishes a Hazard Abatement Program.
Establishes NAVOSH education and training programs.
Coordinates occupational health support with the cognizant Naval
Hospital or Regional Medical Center.
Reviews and signs the Annual Safety Report.
Executive Officer
Chairman of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Counsel,
assumes the duties of C.O. in his/her absence.
Assumes the Commanding Officer’s responsibilities in his
absence.
Acts as Chairman for the OSH Policy Committee Meeting.
25
Enforces the Commanding Officer’s safety policies and
procedures.
Safety Officer
Advises the Commanding Officer on matters pertaining to safety,
manages the command safety program, investigates mishaps,
monitors projects, shops, and special evolutions for compliance
with safety standards.
Organizationally on the immediate staff of the Commanding
Officer. A full time assignment.
Maintains complete and accurate records on the accident, injury,
occupational illness rate of unit and submits annual mishap
summaries to Brigade.
Develops accident prevention and loss control measures and
programs.
Conducts safety and accident investigations, analyzes reports of
occupational injuries and or property damage to identify factors
or trends.
As required, prepares specific safety rules and regulations for
approval by the CO.
Instruction verification.
Reviews and approves all project general and specific safety
plans.
Organizes and conducts safety inspections and surveys to
identify violations, hazards, and deficiencies in operations,
facilities, and equipment.
Records safety and health violations through an aggressive
Hazard Abatement Program.
Coordinates actions and follows up on corrective measures taken.
Maintains liaison with planning and design officials.
Assists supervisors in developing and conducting safety
training. Provides consultation services, advice, and guidance.
Technical authority in the procurement of PPE.
Conducts hazard analysis of project/shop operations and develops
safe working standards and conditions.
Consults and maintains liaison with key personnel during various
planning evaluations.
Submits minutes of OSH Policy and Safety Supervisor committee
meetings to the Commanding Officer for review.
TRAINS, EDUCATES, TRACKS, INSPECTS, FOLLOWS UP.
Safety Chain of Command
Department Heads/Company Commanders: responsible for safety
within their areas of responsibility, enforce safety standards.
Are assigned as members of the OSH Counsel.
26
Department Head/ Company Commander Responsibilities
Ensures all safety regulations are complied with.
Promotes and strengthens the safety program through all levels
of supervision by establishing internal training procedures.
Plans all work with regards to safety and the safety related
equipment or materials needed.
Supervises and monitors staff to ensure full compliance with all
safety rules and regulations.
Picks the right person for the job at hand and ensures they are
trained.
Reviews work procedures and takes positive action to correct all
hazards.
Ensures proper tracking of all training and the complete and
thorough investigation of all mishaps with timely submissions.
Supervisors
Responsible for the safety of their personnel, develop safety
plans, enforce safety standards, ensure adequate PPE is
available.
Be familiar with safety rules and regulations for jobs and
facilities in your area.
Enforces safety rules and immediately corrects any unsafe act or
noted deficiency.
Inspects jobs and work areas for hazards and unsafe work habits.
Educates and trains personnel, sets the example.
Reports all mishaps in a timely manner.
Investigates all mishaps, determines the basic causes, and takes
corrective actions to prevent repetitive mishaps.
Insures PPE is available and properly being worn and at all
work sites.
Knows personnel limitations, assigns the right person to the
task at hand.
Posts appropriate signs and warnings.
Safety Chain of Command
Supervisors: Monitor safety within their
Company/Department/Detail.
Initiate preliminary mishap
investigation within their area of responsibility.
Principle advisor to Company Commander/Department Head/DET OIC.
Normally an E-6 or above, must have attended the Safety Managers
Course.
Crew leaders and other supervisor are the key people in a
successful and aggressive safety program. Responsibilities
include but are not limited to:
Being familiar with safety rules and regulations
Enforcing safety rules and correcting unsafe acts.
27
Educating and training personnel
Reporting all mishaps and near misses
Ensuring the correct personal protective equipment
All Hands: Responsible for their own safety and the safety of
their “Shipmates”. Everyone should be aware of the hazards to
which they are exposed and precautionary measures to prevent
personal injury or property damage.
All Hands
Reports to work well rested and emotionally prepared for the
task at hand.
Understands and follows safety and health precautions pertinent
to work areas.
Reports to immediate supervisor any unsafe conditions or acts.
Cautions those who may be endangered by suspected, known,
unusual or developing hazards.
Reports any mishaps to your immediate supervisor.
Uses all PPE required to complete the task.
PQS Question 104.2 Explain the functions of the Safety Policy
Committee and the Safety Supervisors Committee
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
OSH Policy Committee
Safety Supervisor Committee
OSH Policy Committee
Chaired by the Executive Officer.
Meets second Monday of every month while on deployment, and
quarterly while in Homeport.
Utilized to discuss or investigate safety problems, monitor
health programs, develop recommendations for approval by the CO.
Tracks mishap trends and looks ahead for possible areas of
concern.
Reviews the minutes of the Safety Supervisors committee meeting
and directs appropriate action to ensure compliance with all
instructions.
Keeps the Commanding Officer informed of problems and corrective
actions taken.
Safety Policy Committee
Safety Policy Committee (OSH Counsel) consists of XO (Chairman),
Safety Officer, S-1, S-3, S-4, S-7, Medical Officer, All Company
Commanders and DET OIC’s. They meet once a month on deployment
28
and at least quarterly in homeport. They review minutes of the
OSH Committee, mishaps and mishap trends and recommend changes
to safety policies to the C.O.
Safety Supervisors Committee
Safety Officer chairs the committee, members are appointed in
writing by the Commanding Officer.
Held the first Monday of each month.
Each member is responsible for performing the following
functions:
Attends each month and more often if deemed necessary.
Participates in the exchange of information and follow on action
requests.
Proposes safety policy or procedure recommendations to the OSH
Policy Committee.
Advises the Safety Office staff of the command safety policy’s
effectiveness and influence on the command climate.
Coordinates and reviews stand-up safety lectures and other job
site procedures.
Safety Supervisors Committee (OSH Committee): Consists of
Safety Officer (Chairman), Safety Assistant, All
Company/Department/DET Safety Representatives, License Examiner
and HAZMAT Coordinator. Committee meets monthly.
The committee reviews mishap trends, and makes recommendations
to the Counsel for policy changes.
PQS Question 104. 3 Explain the purpose of a mishap
investigation and who’ s responsible for conducting
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12971, Naval Safety Supervisor
Mishap Investigations
The U.S. Navy documents the loss of millions of dollars each
year on accidental damage, fatalities, injuries, and
occupational illness. Mishaps lower operational readiness and
waste tax dollars.
It is the Commanding Officer’s/Officer in Charge’s
responsibility to conduct mishap investigations and report all
reportable injuries, fatalities, and occupational illnesses
occurring within their command or involving personnel attached
to their command.
When mishaps occur in remote areas, the activity nearest the
scene will initiate the notification process, notify the parent
command and investigate the mishap if not relieved by the parent
command.
Mishap Definitions
29
Mishap: Any unplanned or unexpected event causing personnel
injury, occupational illness, death, material loss or damage, or
an explosion of any kind whether damage occurs or not.
Near Mishap: When injury or damages were avoided merely by
chance or circumstance.
Hazardous Condition: A condition which if allowed to go
unchecked or uncorrected, has the potential to cause a mishap.
Mishap Categories
Personnel/ Injury/ Death(PID)/Occupational Illness.
Fatality.
Lost workday Case: Lost time case which prevents a military
person from performing regularly established duty for a period
of 24 hours or more, subsequent to 2400 on the day of the injury
or onset of illness.
Man overboard: all cases.
Electric Shock: All cases afloat, any case ashore resulting in
medical treatment or attention and any case ashore resulting
from equipment design deficiency.
Chemical/ Toxic Exposure/ Oxygen Deficiency: All cases requiring
medical exam or attention.
Fatalities and lost workday injuries resulting from explosives,
private motor vehicle accidents, or diving.
Mishaps causing repair or replacement cost of $10,000.00 or more
to equipment. Some special cases require reporting no matter
the cost involved.
Fire: except small trash or similar fires with no personnel or
material damage.
Flooding: all cases on afloat commands.
Grounding: all cases on afloat commands.
Explosion: involving non-nuclear explosives, explosive ordnance,
chemical agents.
Motor Vehicle (MV): Falls into two categories (GovernmentGMV/Privately owned-PMV).
GMV: Reportable with at least $1,000.00 property damage, a
fatality or lost time injury, or fatality or injury requiring
treatment greater then first aid to any non-DOD personnel.
PMV: Traffic mishap, regardless of identity, which does not
involve a GMV, but results in a fatality or lost time injury to
military personnel.
Mishap Injury Categories
Diving: Involves fatality, lost time or illness due to
decompression.
30
Fatal Injury or Occupational Illness: Results in death from a
mishap or complications arising from illness due to occupational
exposure.
Permanent Total Disability: Non-fatal injury or illness that in
the opinion of competent medical authority, permanently
incapacitates a person so no gainful employment can be gained.
Permanent Partial Disability: Non-fatal injury or illness, in
the opinion of a competent medical authority, resulting in the
loss or permanent impairment of any part of the body.
Lost Time Case: Non-fatal traumatic injury that causes any loss
of time from work beyond the day or shift it occurred, or a nonfatal, non-traumatic illness/disease that causes disability at
any time.
No Lost Time Case: Non-fatal traumatic injury or occupational
illness/disease that does not meet the definition of a lost time
case.
First Aid Case: Specific type of no lost time case. One or
more visits to a medical facility for examination or treatment
during on-duty hours, where no medical expense is incurred.
PQS Question 104.4 Explain the different types of eye
protection and when are they required.
Reference:OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
Sight Conservation Program
All Navy activities that expose personnel to eye hazards shall
have a sight conservation program with the following as a
minimum:
Identification and evaluation of eye hazard.
Prescription protective eye wear program.
Procurement and maintenance of safety glasses.
Training for employees.
Effective program enforcement.
Types of eye protection:
Goggles.
Safety glasses.
Face shields.
Permanents walls.
Temporary/ movable shields.
Signs must be posted in all eye hazard areas.
Different Types of Eye Protection and Uses.
Safety goggles:
Protect from flying particles and dust.
31
Chemical goggles:
solvents, etc.)
Safety glasses:
Protect from splashing liquids, (acids,
Protect from flying particles (Impact, debris)
Welding glasses/goggles:
(arc flash).
Protect from Ultraviolet radiation
Over spectacle glasses(plano’s): Protect from flying particles
and impact worn over prescription glasses.
Safety eye wear should be worn in any of the above situations.
PQS Question 104.5
Explain the Hearing Conservation Program
and when personnel are required to be enrolled.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
Hearing Conservation Program
Intended to prevent hearing loss related to exposure to high
noise levels.
Noises greater than 84 dba and peak noises greater than 140 dba
require hearing protection. (ear plugs or ear muffs)
Noises greater than 104 dba require double hearing protection.
(ear plugs and muffs)
Personnel are enrolled in the Hearing Conservation Program when
they are exposed to noises greater than 84 dba for an 8 hour
time weighted average based on a 40 hour work week.
Personnel enrolled in the program must have a baseline hearing
test (audiogram) and annual testing while in the program.
When a person is removed from the program they must be tested
for documentation of hearing capability.
Goal is to prevent occupational hearing loss and ensure auditory
fitness for duty in the military and civilian workforce.
Meeting the goal.
Noise Measure and Analysis.
Survey work environments.
Engineering Control .
Reduction of noise at the source.
Hearing Protective devices.
Single hearing protection is required when exposed to 84 dB or
one time decibel peaks of 140 dB or greater.
32
Double hearing protection is required when exposed to steady
decibel levels exceeding 104 dB.
Audiometer.
Baseline completed at MEPS.
Yearly testing on personnel exposed to 84 dB daily.
Five years for personnel not exposed to 84 dB daily.
Education.
Every one will receive yearly training.
PQS Question 104.6
Explain the different types of hearing
protection and when are they required.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
Insert type: Ear plugs
Circumaural type: Ear muffs
Required for continuous noise levels greater than 84 dba and
peak noise levels greater than 140 dba
Combination: Ear plugs and ear muffs
Required for continuous noise levels greater than 104 dba
PQS Question 104.7
Explain the maintenance and use of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) and why it is necessary.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be maintained in a
condition that allows proper use of the equipment.
Scratched lenses, dirty, missing components, etc. can lessen the
effectiveness of the equipment and deter usage.
When PPE is not used properly people may be injured or property
damaged.
Head Protection.
Protection from impact of falling and flying objects.
Foot Protection.
Protection of foot and toe from falling objects such as
construction material handling.
Eye Protection.
Protection from flying particles or chips, and splashes from
liquids.
Hand Protection.
To protect fingers and hand from sharp objects.
Shock absorbing gloves for jack hammers.
Electrical Protection.
33
Rubber protective equipment for rated for certain voltages for
electrical workers.
Long sleeves.
To protect arms from flying debris or sparks.
Life lines.
Protection from falling heights greater than 6 feet.
Aprons.
Protection from splashes or sparks at mid section.
Respiratory Protection.
Protection from particles, fumes, mists, dusts and vapors.
PQS Question 104.8
State the purpose of temporary electrical
power sources and explain source inspection and certification
requirements.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy
Construction Safety Manual
Types of temporary electrical power:
Generators, 5kw has to be grounded unless stated as double
insulated otherwise on the generator.
Resistance level must be below 25 ohms to ground for normal setup, 15ohms in hazardous atmospheres and 5 ohms in explosive
atmospheres.
Existing power, checked for proper grounding.
Existing power pole, run through a spider box to reduce current.
Must also be grounded.
All temporary electrical power sources shall only be permitted
during emergencies, periods of construction, remodeling, repair
to or demolition of structures or similar activities.
All temporary sources shall be inspected, certified safe and
tagged with the inspectors name, company, and date prior to the
first use.
All sources shall be re-inspected every 14 days after initial
inspection and certified safe for continued use on the attached
tag.
The inspection of temporary power sources shall also be kept in
a log. This log will contain the same information as the tag,
plus it will also contain the exact location of the tag(s).
The primary purpose of the inspection is to ensure that proper
grounding is established and that this source can be utilized
without endangering the worker.
Temporary electric power is defined as any electric power source
used for construction, renovation, contingency, or emergency
operations. (any electric power source we use with hand tools
and equipment is considered “temporary power”.)
34
All temporary electric power sources must be inspected and
certified safe, inspections are to be conducted initially and
updated bimonthly.
Temporary electric power inspections.
Temporary power sources are inspected to insure:
proper voltage
proper polarity
adequate ground
All generators must be grounded to earth with a
minimum of 25 ohms resistance or comply with the
National Electric Code when 25 ohms or less can
not be achieved.
PQS Question 104.9 Explain when Ground Fault Circuit
Interruption (GFCI) protection is required.
Reference: Industrial/Construction Standards 29 CFR 1910/1926
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI’s) are required to be
used with all electric hand tools (drills, saws, concrete
vibrators, etc.).
GFCI’s detect a change in the flow of electricity and interrupt
the circuit before any harm can be done to personnel.
GFCI’s
must trip at less than .5 milliamps.
GFCI’s must be tested monthly to ensure proper function.
All 120 volt, single phase 15 and 20 ampere receptacle outlets
on construction sites or shops shall have an approved class A,
group I, GFCI unit with a trip level between 3 and 5 milliamps.
Receptacles on two wire, single phase portable or vehicle
mounted generators, rated not more than 5KW, where the circuit
conductors of the generator are insulated from the generator
frame and all other grounding surfaces do not require GFCI
protection.
The CTR electrician shall ensure that all GFCI’s function
correctly, are in good repair and maintains a GFCI inspection
log.
No repairs to GFCI are authorized.
GFCI’s that are damaged or fail to function correctly will be
returned the manufacturer for repair and/or replacement.
PQS Question 104.10
Explain the electrical and power equipment
inspection requirements.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy
Construction Safety Manual
35
All tools (electrical, power, hand, etc.) will be inspected
daily by the operator prior to use. This includes PPE, extension
cords, air hoses, hydraulic components etc..
Any tool or equipment found defective or damaged must be removed
from service until repaired or replaced.
Powder actuated tools must be inspected monthly by a qualified
technician with inspection documented and records maintained.
The following tests shall be performed on cord sets, receptacles
not part of the permanent wiring of a building or structure, and
cord and plug connected equipment required to be grounded:
All equipment grounding conductors shall be tested for
continuity and shall be electrically continuous.
Each receptacle and attachment cap or plug shall be tested for
correct attachment of the equipment grounding conductor. The
equipment grounding conductors shall be connected to its proper
terminal.
Required times of inspection:
Before the first use.
Before equipment is returned to service after any repair.
Before equipment is used after any incident which can be
reasonably suspected to have caused damage.
At intervals not to exceed one month.
Equipment which has not met the requirements of this paragraph
shall not be issued for use and stored in CTR .
PQS Question 104.11 Explain when lockout/tag-out procedures for
electrical and energy sources are required.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy
Construction Safety Manual
All potential energy sources must be secured prior to working on
equipment and machinery.
Locks and tags are installed to prevent accidental
the equipment or energizing the power source while
performed.
Damaged or unsafe equipment or machinery should be
tagged out of service to prevent use until repairs
36
activation of
work is being
locked or
are made.
Only qualified personnel are authorized to perform
lockout/tagout. The lockout/tagout log is maintained in the
Safety Office.
Required when you will be working on any items that will store
energy as:
Electrical equipment.
Hydraulic.
Steam.
PQS Question 104.12 Define confined space and describe the
hazards associated with it.
Reference:
Industrial/Construction Standards 29 CFR 1910/1926
Confined spaces are spaces with:
limited access or egress (not equipped with regular doors or
intended for frequent entry)
poor to no ventilation
potential to contain harmful gasses or vapors.
Low or high oxygen concentration <19.5% or
> 23.5%
Hazards associated with confined spaces:
Suffocation
Poisoning
Explosion
Electrocution
Entrapment
Typical injuries (cuts, abrasions, falling, slipping, etc.)
Hazards.
Oxygen Deficiency below 19.5 %.
Toxic gases or materials.
Flammable gases or materials.
Confined Space Program Manager.
Only person who can certify a confined space entrance.
Lists PPE required to enter a confined space.
Lists the types of hazards.
Constantly monitors work space during job.
Only Gas Free Engineers are authorized to certify a confined
space for entry.
Once all personnel exit the space for any duration, the space
must be re-certified.
All confined spaces with potential hazards require a permit for
entry.
37
PQS Question 104. 13 Explain who is authorized to certify a
confined space as safe for entry/work
Reference:
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INSTRUCTION 5100.1, Navy Construction
Safety Manual
To render these spaces safe for entry by personnel to perform
work, a certified gas-free engineer must conduct an inspection
to ensure safe working conditions.
A qualified gas-free engineer is the only individual authorized
to permit entry by personnel.
PQS Question 104.14 Describe the three basic types of
respirators and explain their use, care, and selection
Reference:
OPNAVINST 5100.23D,
Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program
Inline Respirator.
Used in oxygen deficient spaces or where hazardous gases are
present.
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Used in oxygen deficient spaces or where hazardous gases are
present. Usually when the workers will be on the move.
Air Purifying Respirator.
Used to clean the air you are breathing only. Cannot filter out
hazardous gases or provide oxygen to breath.
Care.
Cleaning.
Wipe after each use with alcohol swab.
Wash monthly with warm soapy water.
Maintenance.
Fixed by the RPPM only.
Storage.
Stored in dry, clean, labeled and air tight bag.
Stored laying flat.
Replacement Criteria.
Replace Filter after 8 hours of use.
Selection.
Type of hazards you will be exposed to.
Permissible Exposure Limit as set by OSHA.
Threshold Limit Value as set by the American Council of
Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
MSDS sheet requirements.
38
NIOSH Chemical Guide handbook.
Industrial Hygienist department recommendation.
Air purifying:
oxygen)
Purifies the air by filtration (does not provide
Supplied air: Uses a respirator face piece in conjunction with
a remote air source, air hose restricts movement, unlimited time
limit
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) completely self
contained allows freedom of movement in harmful environments,
has time limitation.
Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD)
Use of respirators:
Respirators are used in atmospheres containing harmful fumes,
vapors, and gasses. Additionally, may be used in atmospheres
without sufficient oxygen (supplied air and SCBA)
Respirators must be applicable to the environment in which they
are to be used.
Care of respirators:
Respirators shall be inspected prior to each use.
Respirators shall be cleaned after each use with warm soapy
water.
Cartridges/filters shall be changed when they are no longer
effective.
Respirators shall be sanitized weekly with a bleach water
solution.
Disposable respirators shall be damaged to prevent further use
prior to disposal.
PQS Question 104.15 Describe the importance of the Industrial
Hygiene and Work Place Monitoring program.
Reference:
OPNAVINST
5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program
Industrial Hygiene (IH) personnel recognize, evaluate and make
recommendations to control potential workplace hazards.
Assess potential health risks faced by Navy personnel.
Establish and document historical records of exposure levels for
Navy personnel.
Ensure and demonstrate compliance with NAVOSH exposure criteria.
IH performs work place monitoring. They provide:
39
Descriptions of the operations, tasks and work practices which
take place in each workplace.
Lists of hazardous materials used in each work place.
Lists of the physical hazards, noise hazards, and sources of
non-ionizing radiation.
Existing administrative controls, environmental controls and/or
PPE required in each shop.
Conducted annually or when a change occurs.
Workplaces are monitored by the Industrial Hygienist to
determine levels of exposure to hazards.
Workplaces should be re-evaluated annually to determine any
changes in hazard potential.
Workplaces should be monitored when new equipment or processes
are introduced.
PQS Question 104.16 Describe the basic reporting procedures
required when an unsafe/unhealthful working condition report is
submitted.
Reference:
OPNAVINST
5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program
Report to Chain of Command.
If Chain of Command does not resolve the problem report to the
Safety Office.
If you desire not to verbally report to the Safety Office, you
may submit a “Report of Unsafe/Unhealthful Working Conditions”
OPNAV 5100/11.
Once the Safety Office receives the report they have up to 72
hours to investigate the situation.
Alleged imminent danger situations will be investigated within
24 hours.
The Safety Officer will reply in writing to the person
submitting the report within 10 working days.
Normally conducted by the Safety Officer.
Detecting unsafe or unhealthful working conditions at the
earliest possible time, then making prompt corrections of these
40
hazards at the lowest possible level are essential to properly
resolving unsafe or unhealthful conditions.
Investigation time limits.
24 Hours on IDLH, immediately dangerous to life and health.
3 days for serious situations.
Health Hazard are referred to Medical.
Response.
10 working days to originator in writing.
List what is being done.
Who to appeal to findings to.
Appeals.
Copy of 5100/11.
Written response.
Letter stating why you are not happy with response.
PQS Question 104.17
Explain the purpose of good housekeeping.
Reference:
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 5100.1, Navy Construction Safety
Manual
Good Housekeeping is necessary to prevent mishaps from tripping,
fire, falling, imperilment, etc.
Safety compliance is about attitudes, if the work center is
sloppy the attitude reflected is sloppy work and carelessness is
acceptable.
Prevents health problems.
Keeps rodents and bugs down.
Prevents tripping hazards.
Removes puncture hazards.
Eliminates flying debris or missile hazards.
Discourages pilferage of project materials and tools.
PQS Question 104.18 Explain the importance of properly
grounding portable electrical distribution systems.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 10636-J
Construction Electrician 3 & 2
Electrical distribution systems require grounding to provide
over current protection to the equipment, should the equipment
be struck by lightning the grounding method provides a path to
ground for the energy instead of through the distribution
system.
41
All electrical distribution grounding system grounds must read
less than 25 ohms to ground resistance or be in accordance with
the National Electric Code.
Protects human life by providing the least path of resistance
to ground for electrical current.
Protects equipment from damage due to prolonged overcurrent
conditions.
Protects the electrical distribution systems from sustaining
severe damage.
PQS Question 104.19 Explain the four general classes of fires
and what type of extinguishers are used on each.
Reference:The Bluejackets Manual 21st Edition
Class A:
etc.
Combustible materials such as wood, Paper, clothing,
Class B:
Petroleum products, Oil, Gas, Plastic, etc.
Class C:
Electrical
Class D:
Metals (magnesium, phosphorous)
extinguishers
Class A: Water, dry chemical
Class B:
Dry chemical, CO2, Foam
Class C:
Dry chemical, CO2, Halon
Class D: No known extinguishing method, clear the area and let
burn out.
Class A
Fires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth,
paper, rubber and many plastics.
Use water , antifreeze, soda-acid, foam, aqueous film forming
foam(AFFF), loaded stream, multipurpose dry chemical and Halon
type fire extinguishers.
Class B
Fires in flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil base
paints, lacquers and flammable gases.
42
Use Halon, CO2, dry chemical, foam and aqueous film forming foam
type fire extinguishers.
Class C.
Fires which involve energized electrical equipment where the
electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of
importance.
Use Halon, CO2 and dry chemical type fire extinguishers.
Class D.
Fires in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium,
zirconium, sodium, lithium and potassium.
Use the fire extinguisher approved for each specific
combustible-metal hazard.
PQS Question 104.20 Explain the purpose of safety stand-downs.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA
12971, Naval Safety Supervisor
Safety Stand-downs are to provide specific safety information
and training for specific hazards, evolutions, and activities.
Safety Stand-downs are usually before known potentially
dangerous times such as holiday seasons, prior to exercises,
etc.
Additionally, Safety Stand-downs are scheduled after
catastrophic mishaps to prevent similar mishaps.
Provides a forum to release specific safety information or
guidance to a large audience.
Used to focus personnel on specific hazards of their jobs and
work stations.
Re-enforces safety as the number one priority required in the
performance of their jobs.
Provides time for personnel to reflect on past and current work
safety practices and standards.
43
Unit 105 CC
Basic first aid and personal hygiene
fundamentals
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook
PQS Question 105.1 State the sequence to examine an injured
person
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Check for breathing: lack of oxygen intake can lead to brain
damage or death in a very few minutes
Check for bleeding: life cannot continue without an adequate
volume of blood to carry oxygen to tissues
Check for shock: unless shock is prevented or treated, death may
result even though the injury would not otherwise be fatal
Examination warnings
If there are any signs of chemical or biological agent
poisoning, you should immediately mask the casualty. If it is
nerve agent poisoning, administer the antidote, using the
casualty’s injector/ampoules
In a chemically contaminated area, do not expose the wounds
Leg fractures must be splinted before elevating the legs as a
treatment for shock
PQS Question 105.2 State the reason for not moving an injured
person unless absolutely necessary
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
As a general rule, make your preliminary examination in the
position and place you find the victim. Moving the victim before
this check could gravely endanger life, especially if there are
fractures, skull or spine injuries.
If the situation is such that you or the victim is in danger,
you must weigh this threat against the potential damage caused
by premature transportation. If you decide to move the victim,
do it quickly and gently to a safe location where proper first
aid can be administered
44
PQS Question 105.3 Describe the signs, symptoms, and treatment
of shock
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Shock is a condition in which the circulation of the blood is
seriously disturbed. This can cause lack of oxygen to body
systems.
Shock creates a vicious cycle; the worse it is, the worse it
will become. A person going into shock may display quite a few
signs and symptoms
Signs/symptoms
The signs of shock do not always appear at the onset of the
injury. The following is a list of some of those signs:
Sweaty but cool skin (clammy skin)
Paleness of skin Restlessness or nervousness
Thirst
Pulse is weak and rapid
Enlarged pupils
Breathing is shallow and irregular
Blotchy or bluish skin, especially around the mouth
Nausea and/or vomiting
Treatment
Keep the victim calm
Try to prevent the victim from seeing the injury
If victim is conscience and not internal injuries are evident,
you should give the victim small amounts of warm water
If it is possible, place the injured person on the back on a
bed, cot, or stretcher, and raise the lower end of the support
about 12 inches so that the victim's feet will be higher than
the head
PQS Question 105.4 Explain why you should not give an
Unconscious person anything by mouth
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Giving an unconscious person any food or drink by mouth can
cause vomiting.
If the victim vomits, the vomited material may enter the lungs.
Victim could choke to death
PQS Question 105.5 Describe the three types of bleeding
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10023, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
45
Capillary bleeding. Bleeding is slow, the blood "oozes" from the
(wound) cut
Venous bleeding. The blood is dark red or maroon, and flows in a
steady stream
Arterial bleeding. The blood bright red and “spurts” from the
wound. Arterial bleeding is life threatening and difficult to
control
PQS Question 105.6 Explain the four methods for controlling
bleeding.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Direct pressure:
First method to use when controlling bleeding. In almost every
case bleeding can be stopped by direct pressure on the wound
Use a sterile dressing when available and tie a knot directly
over the wound. Do not tie the knot too tight and cut off
circulation
Elevation:
Raising an injured limb above the level of the heart helps to
control the bleeding. Elevation should be used together with
direct pressure
Caution! Do not elevate a limb when you suspect a fracture
Indirect pressure:
In instances of severe bleeding where direct pressure and
elevation are not controlling the bleeding, indirect pressure
may be used.
Bleeding from a cut artery, or vein can often be controlled by
applying pressure to the appropriate pressure point.
The object of the pressure is to compress the artery against the
bone, thus shutting off the flow of blood from the heart to the
wound
Tourniquet
Should only be used as a last resort for severe, life
threatening bleeding that cannot be controlled by any other
method.
When using this method, be thoroughly familiar with the dangers
and limitations of it’s use.
PQS Question 105.7 Describe the major pressure points of the
body.
46
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Pressure points: Is a point where a main artery lies near the
skin surface and over a bone or firm tissue.
The objective of applying pressure is to compress the artery
against the bone, thus shutting off the flow of blood from the
heart to a wound.
There are 11 principal pressure points on each side of the body.
Facial artery
Apply pressure on this point when bleeding is on the face below
the level of the eyes
Subclavian artery
Used for bleeding in the shoulder or in the upper part of the
arm.
Apply pressure with the fingers behind the clavicle
Brachial artery
Used to control bleeding between the middle of the upper arm and
the elbow
Radial and ulnar arteries
Used to control bleeding from the hand.
If possible hold the arm up in the air
Iliac artery
Used to control bleeding from the thigh.
Pressure with your fingers should be sufficient to stop the
bleeding
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Used to control bleeding from the foot.
As with the hand, elevation is helpful in controlling the
bleeding
Superficial temporal
Used to control bleeding from the region of the temple or scalp
Femoral artery
Controls bleeding in the upper thigh.
A great deal of pressure must be exerted to compress the artery
against the bone
Popliteal artery
Controls bleeding between the knee and the foot
47
PQS Question 105.8 Describe the first aid treatment for a
sucking chest wound
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
Requires immediate first aid treatment
A penetrating injury to the chest that produces a hole in the
chest cavity, causing the lung to collapse, which prevents
normal breathing functions
It is imperative the wound be sealed with an airtight dressing
to prevent air from entering the chest cavity through the wound.
Any material that will form an airtight barrier, can be used if
they are large enough to cover the wound
If the victim’s condition suddenly deteriorates when you apply
the seal, IMMEDIATELY remove it
After the wound is sealed and dressed, the victim should be
placed on the wounded side unless there are back injuries
Watch the victim closely for shock and treat accordingly
Do not give victim anything to drink. Transport to treatment
facility IMMEDIATELY.
PQS Question 105.9 Describe the first aid treatment for a person
with a suspected spinal injury
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Spinal injuries
Do not move the victim unless it is absolutely essential
Do not bend or twist the victim’s body, do not move the head
forward, backward, or sideways and do not under any
circumstances allow the victim to sit up
First aid procedures
Minimize shock
Prevent further injury to the spinal cord
Keep the victim comfortably warm
PQS Question 105.10 Describe the three degrees of burns.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Most commonly result from exposure to fire, chemicals, or
electricity.
The severity of burns depends on the depth, size, and location
Burns are most serious when they are located on the face, neck,
hands, and feet
First Degree Burns
48
Characterized by redness, mild swelling, and pain
Usually the result of spending too much time in the sun, short
contact with chemicals, or minor scalding with hot water or
steam
Second Degree Burns
Are much deeper than first-degree burns
Appearance: very red with blisters
Usually results from deep sunburns or flash burns from gasoline
fires
Most painful type of burns because the nerve endings are still
intact even though the skin is severely damaged
Third Degree Burns
The most serious burn because the burn is so deep, it requires a
long time to heal and scars will form over the burn area
Skin may look white or charred black
Extends through all layers of the skin and into the flesh below
the skin
PQS Question 105.11
Describe the first aid treatment for the
following types of burns:
White phosphorous burn
Chemical burn
Flash burn to eyes
Chemical burn to eyes
Reference: NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 &2, NAVEDTRA
12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
White Phosphorous Burns
A special category of burn is that caused by contact with white
phosphorus
First aid for this type of burn is complicated by the fact that
white phosphorus particles ignite upon contact with air
Treatment:
Partially embedded particles must be continuously flushed with
water while the first aid provider removes them with whatever
tools are available
Deeply embedded particles that cannot be removed must be covered
with a saline soaked dressing
Chemical Burns
Treatment:
Flush the area immediately with a lot of cool running water for
5 to 10 minutes to wash away any chemicals.
Remove clothing and jewelry from the victim on which chemicals
have spilled
Flush again with water and gently pat it dry with sterile gauze.
Do not rub the area.
Transport the victim to a medical facility
49
Warning!
Do not attempt to neutralize any chemical unless it is known
exactly what it is and what substance will effectively
neutralize it
Alkali burns caused by dry lime:
Mixing water and lime creates a very corrosive substance. Dry
lime should be removed by brushing the material from the skin
and clothing unless massive amounts of water are available for
rapid and complete flushing
Acid burns caused by carbolic acid
Wash the affected area with alcohol because carbolic acid is not
water soluble. Then wash the area with large quantities of
water
If alcohol is not available, flushing with water is better than
no treatment at all
Chemical burns to eyes
The one and only emergency treatment for a chemical burn to the
eyes is to flush the eye(s) immediately with large amounts of
water or sterile saline solution
Acid burns to the eyes should be irrigated for at least 5 to 10
minutes with at least 200 milliliters of water
Chemical burns to the eyes.
Alkali burns should be irrigated for at least 20 minutes
Do not allow water to fall directly on the eye. Hold the
victim’s head in a position that allows water to flow from
inside the corner of the eye toward the outside
Chemical burns to the eyes
Caution!
Never use any chemical antidotes such as baking soda or alcohol
when treating burns of the eye
Do not try to neutralize chemical agents
Flash burn to eyes
Burns caused by a nuclear explosion are divided into two
classes: direct and indirect burns
Direct burns, usually called flash burns, are the result of
thermal, infrared radiation emitted by a nuclear explosion
Indirect burns are the result of fires caused by the explosion
Flash burn to eyes
Symptoms:
Blindness may persist for 20 to 30 minutes
Eyes are irritated, like having sand in the eyes
Treatment:
Apply cold compresses to the affected area. Transport victim to
the nearest medical treatment facility
PQS Question 105.12 Describe the symptoms and treatment of the
following:
Heat exhaustion
50
Heat stroke
Heat cramps
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Heat Exhaustion
The most common heat related condition resulting from prolonged
exposure to hot conditions
Heat exhaustion involves a serious disturbance of blood flow to
the brain, heart, and lungs
Symptoms:
Victim may appear ashen gray; skin will be cold, moist, clammy,
normal or subnormal temperature
Pupils may be enlarged
Victim may experience symptoms such as weakness, fatigue,
headache, loss of appetite, and nausea.
Loosen clothing and apply cool wet cloths to the head, armpits,
groin, and ankles.
Do not chill the victim
If the victim is conscious, a solution of one-teaspoon of salt
dissolved in a quart of cool water should be given.
Transport the victim to a medical facility as soon as possible.
Treatment
Care for the victim as if in shock.
Move the victim to an air conditioned space if possible.
Heat Stroke
Sunstroke is more accurately called heat stroke since it is not
necessary to be exposed to the sun for this condition to
develop.
Heat stroke is less common but far more serious than heat
exhaustion.
The most important factor of heat stroke is the extremely high
body temperature, 105 F or higher, that accompanies it 20%
mortality rate
Symptoms
Headache, nausea, dizziness, or weakness
Breathing may be deep and rapid and change to shallow and almost
absent
Flushed, very dry and hot skin, constricted pupils and a fast,
strong pulse
Treatment
Heat stroke is a true life or death emergency
The longer the victim remains overheated, the more likely the
victim is to suffer irreversible body and brain damage or death
The main objective is to get the body temperature down as
quickly as possible
51
Get victim to a medical treatment facility as soon as possible
Cooling measures must be continued during transport
Heat Cramps
Heat cramps usually affect people who work in hot environments
or who engage in strenuous exercise without acclimating
themselves to the conditions
May result from drinking ice water or other cold drinks too
quickly or in too large a quantity after exercise
Symptoms
Excessive sweating which can result in painful cramps in the
muscles of the abdomen, legs, and arms
Muscle spasms caused by heat cramps usually last only a few
minutes
Treatment
Move to a cool place
Give plenty of water to drink
Gently massage muscles to relieve the spasms
If symptoms do not improve treat for heat exhaustion and
transport to a medical facility
PQS Question 105.13 Explain how heat casualties in the field may
be prevented
Reference: NAVEDTRA 10699-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
Heat casualty prevention
Command responsibility
Prevention centers on water and salt replacement
Do not consume alcoholic beverages
PQS Question 105.14 Describe frostbite and immersion foot
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Frostbite
Frostbite occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deeper
tissues after sustained exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees
F or lower
Depending upon the temperature, altitude, and wind speed, the
exposure time necessary to produce frostbite varies from a few
minutes to several hours.
The areas most commonly affected are the face and extremities
Symptoms are progressive.
Affected skin reddens and there is an uncomfortable coldness
Area becomes numb due to reduced circulation
52
As ice crystals form, the frozen extremity appears white,
yellow-white, or blotchy blue and white
The surface of the skin feels hard, but the underlying tissue is
soft
Warning!
Never rub a frostbitten area!
Never heat a frostbitten area with open fire
Superficial frostbite
The skin and region just below the skin are affected
Surface feels hard, but the underlying tissue is soft, allowing
it to move over body ridges
Treatment
Thaw with body heat or warm water
Hands: Place hands under the armpit, against the abdomen, or
between the thighs.
Feet: Feet can be warmed by using the armpit or abdomen of a
buddy.
Other areas. Warm with warm water immersion, skin to skin
contact, or warm-water bottles.
Deep frostbite
Freezing reaches into the deep tissue layers, the skin does not
move over the bony ridges and feels hard and solid
Protect from further injury
Thaw the area rapidly by immersion in warm water
Immersion foot, which may also occur in the hands, is a cold
injury resulting from prolonged exposure to wet, cold
temperatures just above freezing
It is often associated with limited motion of the extremities
and water-soaked clothing
The temperature does not need to be below 32 degrees F to cause
injury
Symptoms
Early stages, the feet and toes turn pale and feel cold, numb,
and stiff
Walking becomes difficult
The feet will swell and become painful
If not treated the flesh dies and amputation of the extremity
may be necessary
Treatment:
Do not rub or massage the injured part
Remove wet clothing
Do not rupture blisters or apply salves or ointments
53
Clean with soap and water, dry thoroughly, elevate and keep
extremity exposed to dry air
Evacuate by litter
PQS Question 105.15 Describe signs and symptoms when general
loss of body heat occurs to a person exposed to extreme cold
(hypothermia)
Reference:
12003, Seabee Combat handbook, Volume 1
Hypothermia is cooling of the entire body. It can be caused by
continued exposure to low or rapidly dropping temperatures, cold
moisture, snow, and/or ice
Symptoms
Several stages of progressive shivering
Feelings of sluggishness, drowsiness and confusion
Victim may become unconscious
Victim may go into shock
The lower extremities may freeze
Treatment
Victim must be warmed quickly
Move victim to warmth
In the field
Place nude victim in a sleeping bag with two volunteers stripped
to their underwear to provide body-to-body heat transfer
This WILL SAVE LIVES in the field
Hypothermia is a medical emergency!
The victim needs heat!
PQS Question 105.16 Explain how cold injuries can be prevented.
Reference:NAVEDTRA, 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
Cold weather injuries can be prevented by becoming accustomed to
a cold climate, by wearing warm layered clothing, and by
maintaining good discipline and training.
Wearing dry gloves, stocking cap, well insulated boots, and
keeping the body well hydrated will help the body maintain its
normal temperature
PQS Question 105.17 Describe the symptoms and first aid
treatment for a joint dislocation
54
Reference:NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
Description
bone that has been forcibly displaced from its joint is
dislocated
Dislocations are usually caused by falls or blows but are
occasionally caused by muscle exertion. The joints that are
most frequently dislocated are the shoulder, hip, finger, and
jaw
Symptoms
Rapid swelling and discoloration
Loss of ability to use the joint
Severe pain and muscle spasms
Possible numbness
Possible loss of pulse below the joint
Shock
Treatment
Loosen the clothing around the injured part
Place the victim in the most comfortable position possible
Support the injured part by means of a sling, pillow, bandages,
splints, or any other device that will make the victim
comfortable
Treat the victim for shock
Get medical help as soon as possible
PQS Question 105.18 Explain when and why a cold pack or heat pad
would be used on a sprain
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
Treat all sprains as fractures until ruled out by x-rays
Apply cold packs for the first 24 to 48 hours to reduce swelling
and to control internal hemorrhage
Apply a snug, smooth, figure eight bandage to control swelling
and to provide immobilization
After the swelling stops moist heat can be applied for short
periods (15 to 30 minutes) to promote healing and reduce
swelling
PQS Question 105.19 Describe the procedure for removing ticks
Reference: NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
The best method for removing ticks is to coat them with
petroleum jelly, baking powder paste, or clear nail polish.
55
The tick should be pulled off with a pair of tweezers or one’s
fingers.
Care should be taken not to crush the tick or break off the head
or embedded mouth parts while still in the skin.
PQS Question 105.20 Describe the first aid treatment for snake
bites.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
The most important first aid treatment for venomous snakebites
is reducing the circulation of blood through the bite area.
This will delay absorption of the venom, prevent aggravation of
the local wound, and maintain the victim’s vital signs.
Wrap a constricting band 2 to 3 inches above the fang marks, or
above the nearest joint, but away from the swelling.
A second constricting band should be placed 2 to 3 inches below
the wound.
Feel the victim’s pulse below the constricting bands to keep
ahead of the swelling
If the victim can not reach a medical facility within 30
minutes, and if there are definite signs of poisoning, use a
sterile knife blade to make an incision about 1/2 inch long and
1/4 inch deep lengthwise over each fang mark.
Apply suction cups to help remove injected venom.
Suction by mouth is recommended only as a last resort.
The human mouth contains so many bacteria that the bite could
become infected.
Incision and suction more than 30 minutes after the bite is not
recommended.
Treat for shock
Use a splint to immobilize the victim’s affected extremity,
keeping the involved area at or below the level of the heart
Cover the wound to prevent further contamination.
Telephone the nearest medical facility so proper anti-venom can
be made available.
Transport the victim (and the dead snake) to a medical facility
as soon as possible
PQS Question 105.21 Explain the first aid treatment for
fractures
56
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
If there is any possibility that a fracture has been sustained,
treat the injury as a fracture until an x-ray can be made
Rough handling of the victim may convert a closed fracture into
an open fracture, increase the severity of shock, or cause
extensive damage to the blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and
other tissues around the broken bone
Do not move the victim until the injured part has been splinted
Treat for shock
When a long bone in the arm or leg is fractured, the limb should
be carefully straightened so that splints can be applied unless
it appears that further damage will be caused.
Never apply force or traction
Apply splints. If the victim is to be transported a short
distance, or treatment by a medical officer will not be delayed,
it is best to leave the clothing on and place emergency
splinting over it
If the fracture is an open fracture you must take care of the
wound before you can deal with the fracture
PQS Question 105.22 Describe how to reinforce a battle dressing
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10669-C, Hospital Corpsman 3 & 2
Battle dressings may be reinforced by applying additional
sterile dressings over the battle dressing and covering the
entire dressing with an elastic bandage
PQS Question 105.23 Explain the following methods for carrying a
casualty
Fireman’s carry
One and two man supporting carry
One and two man arms carry
One and two man saddle back carry
Pack-strap carry
Back lift and carry
Pistol-belt carry
Neck drag
Four-hand (packsaddle) carry
Four-hand arms carry
57
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
A casualty may be transported by using one-man or two-man
carries
The two-man carries should be used whenever possible, as they
provide more comfort to the casualty, are less likely to
aggravate the injury, and are less tiring to the carriers
The particular carry selected should be the one less likely to
aggravate the casualty’s injury
PQS Question 105.24 Explain the importance of personal hygiene
and cite examples
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Because of close living accommodations in the field, personal
hygiene is extremely important
Disease and sickness can spread rapidly and affect an entire
battalion in a short period
Good practices
Daily bath or shower prevents body odor and is absolutely
necessary for maintaining cleanliness and preventing common skin
diseases
Using medicated powders and deodorants helps keep the skin dry
Socks and underwear should be changed daily
The importance of washing your hands at appropriate times can
not be overemphasized
PQS Question 105.25 Describe the three methods of water
purification in the field
Boiling
Iodine tablets
Calcium hypochlorite ampoules
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Boiling is used when disinfecting compounds are not available.
To purify a canteen of water by boiling, follow the steps listed
below:
Boil the water at a rolling boil for at least 15-20 seconds
Let the water cool before drinking it. Once the water has
cooled, it must be consumed
Iodine tablets
Check tablets for physical change. If the tablets are stuck
together, crumbled, or have a color other than steel gray, do
not use them.
58
Fill canteen with the cleanest, clearest water available
Add one iodine per 1 quart canteen of clear water, 2 tablets if
the water is cloudy
Place cap loosely and wait 5 minutes
Shake canteen, allowing leakage to rinse the threads around the
neck of the canteen
Tighten the cap and wait an additional 20 minutes before using
the water for any purpose
Calcium hypochlorite ampoules
Fill the canteen with the clearest, cleanest water available,
leaving an air space of at least 1 inch below the neck of the
canteen
Add one ampoule of calcium hypochlorite to a canteen cup half
full of water; stir with a clean stick until the powder has
dissolved
Fill the canteen cap half full of the solution in the cup, and
add it to the water in the canteen, place the cap on the
canteen and shake it thoroughly
Loosen the cap slightly; invert the canteen to allow the treated
water to leak onto the threads around the canteen neck
Tighten the cap and wait at least 30 minutes before using the
water
59
WASTE
Unit 106 CC
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS/HAZARDOUS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
References:
OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and Health Program
Manual
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 29
NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 & C
Hazardous Inventory Control System
PQS Question 106.1 State the purpose and information contained
on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health Program Manual
Document generated by manufacturer of the material
Communicates to the users the chemical, physical, and hazardous
properties of that material.
In compliance with OSHA hazard communication, standard key
information contained includes the following
Name, address, and emergency contact for the manufacturer
Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Fire and Explosive Hazard Data
Reactivity Data
Health Hazard Data
Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Control Measures
PQS Question 106.2 What are the six hazard categories of
hazardous material (HAZMAT)?
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health Program Manual
Category
A
Hazard Level
High
Industrial Operations
Heavy Equipment Operations and Maintenance
Toxic/Hazardous Materials Handling
Construction
Other: Exposures to heat, cold, diving salvage, heights or
other high risk work.
60
Category
B
Hazard Level
Moderate
Supply/Transportation
Medical
Mechanics
RDT&E: Engineers, test mechanics and laboratory personnel
involved in the research, development, evaluation and test of
systems.
Category
C
D
E
F
Hazard Level
Low
Work Center Description
Administrative, Clerical
Classroom
Shipboard Personnel
Operating Forces
Students
Job Hazard Categories D, E, and F can be Hazard Level High,
Moderate, or Low depending upon the specific duties assigned to
the individual.
PQS Question106.3 Explain storage procedures for incompatible
material.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health Program Manual
According to the type of HAZMAT, certain storage procedures must
be applied.
For example, do not mix flammables and toxic materials, or
flammables and corrosives, together.
The safest practice is to draw only the amount of material that
can be used that day.
Storing hazardous materials on the job site requires the
use of approved containers.
Containers must be placed a minimum of 50 feet away from any
ignition device or source.
Plan for the delivery of proper storage equipment before
hazardous materials are delivered to job site.
PQS Question 106.4 Explain the general procedures to be followed
when a Hazardous material/Hazardous Waste spill is discovered.
Reference:
OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health Program Manual
The unit must respond immediately
61
Must have an approved response team, equipment, and disposal
plan.
Reports must be made and tests conducted to ensure no
contamination remains.
Disposal of contaminated soils, etc. must follow strict
guidelines.
PQS Question 106.5 State the personal protection equipment
required when handling Hazardous Material or Hazardous Waste.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health Program Manual
Ensure all personnel understand the following:
What hazard materials are present
What PPE is required for protection from each specific danger
Example: Face shield, goggles, gloves, apron, boots.
PQS Question 106.6
following.
a.
Trash
c.
Plastic
e.
Oily waste
g.
Metal
Describe the disposal limitations of the
b. Garbage
d. Sewage
f. Paint/mineral spirits
h.
Wood
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health Program Manual
Trash--rubbish and debris and other debris which can normally be
disposed of in a normal landfill
Garbage--food waste which can be disposed of in a normal
landfill
Plastic --recycled through DRMO at most military bases
Sewage--Only properly disposed of through a sewage treatment
plant.
Oily waste--recycled through DRMO
Paint / mineral spirits--disposed of through DRMO as hazardous
waste
Metal--turned in to DRMO for recycling
Wood--landfill or DRMO for recycling
PQS Question 106. Describe required training for all hands with
respect to the Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste program.
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health Program Manual
62
Management Personnel
Receive sufficient training to ensure that an aggressive and
continuing OSH program is implemented throughout the activity.
Supervisory Personnel
Receive training that enables them to recognize unsafe and
unhealthful working conditions and practices in the workplace.
Training shall also include the development of skills necessary
to manage the activities OSH program at the work unit level.
Non-supervisory Personnel
Training shall include specialized job-safety and health
training appropriate to the work performed .
PQS Question 106.8
Describe the purpose of secondary labeling
of hazardous material when removed from the original container
Reference: OPNAVINST 5100.23D, Navy Occupational Safety and
Health Program Manual
To inform the user by means of words, pictures, symbols, or
combination thereof of the specific physical and health
hazard(s), including target organ effects, of the chemical(s) in
the container(s).
PQS Question 106.9 Define the following terms:
a. HAZMINCIN
b. CHRIMP
c. HICS
d. AUL
Reference:
Hazardous Inventory Control System
HAZMINCEN:
Central Hazardous Materials Center for an installation.
Responsible for procurement and inventory management activities.
CHRIMP:
Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization Inventory
Management Program
Purpose:
Reduce Costs
Protect navy and other personnel from unnecessary exposure to
Hazardous Waste and Material
Minimizes the Navy’s long-term risk for liability associated
with HW disposal.
Comply with all Federal, state, and local environmental
statutes, laws, and regulations.
HICS:
Hazardous Inventory Control System
63
Prepares reports for administration purposes of the HAZMAT
inventory. A combined program with CHRIMP
Both CHRIMP AND HICS are being replaced with Hazardous Substance
Management System (HSMS). This program provides the same
functions.
AUL
Authorized User List
Addresses both types and quantities of HM authorized for use by
individual activities.
PQS Question 106.10 Describe the aspects of portable containment
of oil spills on water.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1&C
An oil slick on the surface of the water blocks the flow of
oxygen from the atmosphere into the water.
Booming of spills has proved to be effective in containing
spills of liquids on relatively calm and current-free waters.
Following confinement of oil spills on water, various methods of
removing the confined liquid have been used.
Absorbents, such as straw, plastics, sawdust, and peat moss are
spread on the surface of the spill and then collected and burned
on shore.
Skimming devices operate on a different principle and must
include pumps and separators.
Skimmers scoop up the oil and water and send them through an oil
separator and rollers to which only the oil adheres.
The oil is then removed by scraping and compression.
PQS Question 106.11 Describe the following:
Oil Spills
Grubbing operations
Asbestos
Polychlorinated biphenyl's (PCB)
Hazardous warning labels
Reference: Code of Federal Regulations, Part 29
Clearing Spills
Completely remove all contaminated soil from the site to a
facility or landfill that is designed to receive such material.
64
Must be done carefully so that the underlying and adjacent soil
is not contaminated by the removal process.
Grubbing Operations
Large scale clearing in initial stages of a project can produce
damaging side effects:
Increased soil erosion
Reduction of atmospheric oxygen
Destruction of wildlife habitat
Preventive measures
Save as much vegetation as possible
Construct shallow trench around project
Burn only when necessary and after obtaining a burn permit.
Do not use petroleum-based fuels to start fires.
Asbestos
Fibrous material used extensively from the 1930’s to the 1960’s
Covered by OPNAVINST 5100.23
As a rule, NCF DOES NOT do asbestos work
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Group of toxic chemicals used extensively as insulators and
coolers in electrical equipment, especially transformers
Causes irritation to eyes, skin, and lungs, also suspected of
causing cancer Accumulate in the environment and are absorbed
into human fat tissues.
Actions
Secure the site
Notify the activity environmental coordinator and the EPA branch
or division
The Department of Transportation(DOT) labeling system.
A diamond shaped symbol with 4 segments.
The three upper parts reflect hazards relative to health, fire,
and reactivity.
The lower part reflects the specific hazard peculiar to the
material.
The four hazards the labels are designed to illustrate are:
Health Hazard – The ability of the material to either directly
or indirectly cause temporary or permanent injury or
incapacitation
Fire Hazard – The ability of the material to burn when exposed
to heat source.
65
Reactivity Hazard – The ability of the material to release
energy when in contact with water.
Specific Hazard – This term relates to a special hazard
concerning the particular product or chemical which was not
covered by other labeled hazard items.
The degree of hazard is expressed by a numerical code:
4
3
2
1
0
=
=
=
=
=
extremely dangerous
dangerous hazard
moderate hazard
slight hazard
no hazard
66
Unit 107 CC
Supply/Logistics Fundamentals
References
NAVEDTRA 10269-K1, Storekeeper 3 &2
NAVEDTRA 12652, Storekeeper 1 & C
NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 & C
NAVSUP P 485, Afloat Supply Procedures Manual
COMNAVSURFLANT/CMNAVSURPACINST 4400.1H, Surface Force Supply
Procedures
Seabee Crewleader’s Handbook
OPNAVINST 5100.19C, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH)
Program Manual for Forces Afloat.
NAVSUP P486, Food Service Management-General Messes
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3 NCF Supply Manual
PQS Question 107.1 Explain the importance of the Coordinated
Shipboard/Shore based Allowance List (COSAL) in relation to the
commands mission and sustainability.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10269-K1, Storekeeper 3&2
Coordinated Shipboard/Shore-based Allowance List (COSAL)
The COSAL is a supply document that lists the items required to
achieve maximum, self-supporting capabilities for an extended
period of time.
PQS Question 107.2 Describe the following processes in reference
to the COSAL.
A.
B.
Validating
Updating
Reference: NAVEDTRA 10269-K1, Storekeeper 3&2
Validating and Updating
Completed annually and during every turnover.
Information on the equipment identification plate is checked
against the COSAL.
Discrepancies are noted on an OPNAV 4790/CK form and submitted
to CESO.
COSAL is changed to reflect correct equipment and the APL and
Automotive Repair Parts (ARP) stock is updated as appropriate.
67
PQS Question 107.3 Explain how frequently ordered parts effect
demand processing.
Reference: NAVSUP P 485. Afloat Supply Procedures Manual
Every time a part is ordered, SNAP II records the date and
quantity.
SNAP II periodically reviews the frequency parts are ordered.
If a part is stocked, but is never requested, it will eventually
stop being stocked.
If a part gets requested very frequently, the quantity kept in
stock will eventually be increased.
PQS Question 107.4 Describe the purpose of the Material
Obligation Validation program.
Reference: COMNAVSURFLANT/COMNAVSURFPACINST 4400.1H, Surface
Force Supply
MOV Program ensures that:
The requirements for the material still exist and the quantity
requested is still required
Checks that priorities assigned in the requisition are still
valid
Cancels material no longer needed.
FEX material that was not received in time and is no longer
needed.
Corrects files.
Open purchase was made, but receipt was never turned in, so
requisition is still open. Internal MOV requires end users to
provide copies of receipt to clear the outstanding requisition
on file
Frequency
External MOV
Higher unit (Inventory Control Point) initiates the MOV.
Quarterly.
Internal MOV
Supply Officer initiates an MOV for each department.
Monthly.
PQS Question 107.5 Explain the difference between the two
components of the Operating Target (OPTAR)
Reference: COMNAVSURFLANT/COMNAVSURFPACINST 4400.1H, Surface
Force Supply
An OPTAR has two components
68
Requisition/OPTAR Log (NAVCOMPT 2155)
Similar to a checkbook, every grant and requisition is recorded
here.
A separate log is maintained for each OPTAR, i.e. 02 funds are
kept separate from 03 funds.
Travel Log
Tracks deployment per diem and TAD travel
PQS
A.
B.
C.
Question 107.6 Define the following.
Departmental Budget
Hazardous Material Reutilization
Defense Reutilization Marketing Office
Reference: COMNAVSURFLANT/COMNAVSURFPACINST 4400.1H, Surface
Force Supply
Departmental Budgets
All OM&N money is allocated in categorized funds (02, 03, etc.),
which are centrally controlled by supply.
The unit supply officer can choose to divide these funds into
departmental budgets.
i.e. $40,000 budgeted to A Co for all parts, maintenance, and
consumables.
Separate funds cannot be mixed.
Administrative money can’t be used to buy parts
Hazardous Material Reutilization
The HAZMAT Reutilization Program allows unused HAZMAT to be
stored and reissued for future use.
All HAZMAT within a unit is controlled by one central HAZMAT
Coordinator.
When HAZMAT is received, the coordinator inventories it with a
bar code, and then issues it to the requestor.
If there is any HAZMAT remaining after the requester is through,
it is turned back into the coordinator for possible reissue.
When a new request is generated for that same HAZMAT (i.e. floor
wax, paint, oil, etc.), the unused portion the coordinator is
storing is re-issued.
Defense Reutilization Marketing Office
Materials in one of the following three categories may be turned
into DRMO:
Items that need inventory manager disposal authority.
Items that do not need inventory manager disposal authority.
69
Scrap or waste.
All items turned in must have a completed DD Form 1348-1 with S4’s signature.
Excess material that has been turned into DRMO may be drawn out
by any Navy unit which has an allowance or mission requirement
for the material.
Requires screening and authorization by the supply officer.
PQS Question 107.7 State how credit is distributed for
erroneously ordered parts when they are turned back in to
supply.
Reference: COMNAVSURFLANT/COMNAVSURFPACINST 4400.1H, Surface
Force Supply
Navy Stock System Purchases:
When materials are ordered wrong or the received material is the
wrong part, then the parts may be returned to supply.
The refund money goes to the TYCOM (NCB).
The only way the unit (NMCB) may get the money back is by
requesting additional funds from the TYCOM (NCB) at the end of
the fiscal quarter/year, using the return as justification.
PQS Question 107.8 Define the Uniform Material Movement and
Issue Priority System (UMMIPS) and the role it plays with the
Priority Designator (PD).
Reference: COMNAVSURFLANT/COMNAVSURFPACINST 4400.1H, Surface
Force Supply
UMMIPS determines the order in which requisitions are filled
Fleet-wide.
Considers the limits of logistical resources such as
transportation, warehousing, requisition processing, and
material assets.
Urgency is determined by a priority designator (PD) ranging from
01 (highest) to 15 (lowest).
PD is based on unit’s mission, urgency of need, etc.
PQS Question 107.9 Define and describe the Basic Daily Food
Allowance (BDFA) and state how it effects each crewmember
Reference: NAVSUP P 486, Food Service Management-General Messes
Basic Daily Food Allowance
70
Defines the quantity of food one person needs per day.
Typically expressed in terms of nutritional content and monetary
value.
PQS Question 107.10 Define the following
Minor and Plant Property
Controlled Equipage
Personnel Support Equipment
Project Bill of Material
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3 NCF Supply Manual
Minor Property
All Navy-owned property bought for immediate use on shore
establishments that
Costs between $300-$5000 or
Costs more than $5000 but has a useful life expectancy less than
2 years.
Also, regardless of cost, all classified, sensitive, or highlypilfer able equipment is considered Minor Property.
Plant Property
Includes property used for the purpose of cutting, abrading,
grinding, shaping, forming, joining, testing, heating, treating,
or otherwise altering the physical, electrical, or chemical
properties of materials components or end items.
Navy-owned property that costs $5000 or more.
Two categories:
Class 3- useful life expectancy of two or more years
Class 4- industrial plant equipment.
Controlled Equipage
Equipment requiring special management control. Two general
categories:
Material which is essential for the protection of life - life
preservers, gas masks, firearms, etc.
Items of high cost that are easily converted to personal use computers, fax machines, cameras, etc.
Inventoried annually and at every turnover.
Requires a custodial signature.
Personnel Support Equipment
Frequently referred to as habitability items.
Furniture found in quarters.
Beds, mattresses, wardrobes, desks, chairs, tables, lamps, book
cases, compact refrigerators, rugs, drapes, etc.
Project Bill of Material (BM)
71
A listing of materials, special tools or equipment, and other
services required for a specific construction project.
Must have a completed BM before work on a project can begin.
Each item on a BM must have:
Description of the material, equipment, or service.
Stock number or commercial supply source.
Line item number.
Requisition number.
Unit of issue.
Required delivery date.
PQS Question 107.11 Explain the purpose of the Allowance Change
Request (ACR).
Reference. COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3, NCF Supply
Manual
An ACR (NAVSUP 1220-2) is used to change the quantity on an
allowance list.
Typical reasons for an ACR include:
Material failure rates other than expected.
New operating areas or conditions.
Mission assignments require additional support.
Technical improvements in equipment, systems or repair parts
that can provide additional capabilities.
An ACR is submitted through TYCOM (NCB) to Navy Inventory
Control Point (NAVICP).
An ACR regarding CESE must go through TYCOM (NCB) to CESO.
Before submitting an ACR, ensure that a similar request has not
been previously denied.
PQS Question 107.12. State the purpose of the following forms.
NAVSUP 1250-1/1250-2
DD1348
NAVSUP 1149
DD 200
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3 NCF Supply Manual
NAVSUP 1250-1: Requisition/consumption reporting document used
by submarine force and non-automated units.
NAVSUP 1250-2: Requisition/consumption reporting document for
procuring non-NSN material.
DD 1348: Requisition form that can serve as a requisition
follow-up, modifier, or cancellation request.
NAVSUP 1149: Requisition invoice/ shipping document used for
open purchase items or services.
Example: Prior to a battalion movement, an 1149 is used to
request a cruise box shipment.
72
DD 200: Survey form as well as a report for lost, stolen, or
damaged items.
PQS Question 107.13 Define the following acronyms and state the
responsibilities for the functional outlets.
ARP
CTR
CSR
MLO
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3 NCF Supply Manual
Automotive Repair Parts (ARP)
Receives, stores and issues repair parts for CESE and material
handling equipment.
Validates and updates CESE COSAL.
Typically located in Alpha Company spaces.
Financial records, reports, and requisition files are normally
maintained in Supply.
Central Tool Room (CTR)
Manages all hand tools, power tools, tradesman’s tool kits, and
other special tools.
Assets are kept under strict security because items are highly
pilfer able and can be easily converted to personal use.
Inventory management measures include maintenance of separate
records for individual items, scheduled physical inventories,
and scheduled preventive maintenance.
Central Storeroom (CSR)
Central shipping and receiving outlet in the battalion.
Receives all shipments that are not project related (ARP,
consumables, etc.).
Manages and issues administrative and consumable items in the
TOA.
Typically located in Supply spaces.
Material Liaison Office (MLO)
Manages all project funds and materials in accordance with
NAVSUP P-48.
Receives, issues, and inventories project materials.
Maintains records and accounting.
Submits reports of expenditures for project materials at the
main body site.
Details manage their own materials.
Supply Officer is overall responsible for project materials at
all sites, including main body.
PQS Question 107.14 Define the following abbreviations and
acronyms.
73
NSN
APL
NC
SIM
COG
AEL
NIS
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3 NCF Supply Manual
National Stock Number (NSN)
A 13 digit stock number used to identify an item of material in
the Federal Supply System.
Assigned by the Defense Logistics Service Center, Battle Creek,
Michigan.
Cognizance Symbol (COG)
Two position alpha-numeric code.
Identifies the Navy inventory manager, or cognizant authority,
of the specific category of material that item falls under.
Example: The COG for all CESE is 2C.
All CESE falls into the same category of material, which means
all CESE has the same cognizant inventory manager.
Allowance Parts List (APL)
Lists all the repair parts installed in the equipment or
component to which it applies.
Also lists the equipment or component’s operating parameters and
capabilities.
Each piece of equipment or component has a separate APL.
APLs are filed in Part II of the COSAL.
Allowance Equipage List (AEL)
Lists all the equipment a specific unit or platform is supposed
to have.
Examples:
Camp Maintenance Builder Shop would have an AEL.
Possible entry on a ship AEL would be life rings.
Not Carried (NC)
Material the supply department does not stock.
Not in Stock (NIS)
Material the supply department carries, but is out of when
requested.
Selected Item Management (SIM)
Inventory control.
If a part is requested two or more times in a six month period,
it is identified for SIM.
All SIM items are inventoried quarterly.
Non-SIM items are inventoried semi-annually.
74
Inventory control.
If a part is requested two or more times in a six month period,
it is identified for SIM.
All SIM items are inventoried quarterly.
Non-SIM items are inventoried semi-annually.
Report of Deficiency (ROD) - SF 364
Used to record shipping or packaging discrepancies.
Material shipped to a wrong activity.
Erroneous material or unacceptable substitutes.
Items not received or are received in damaged condition (at
least $100 per line item).
Wrong quantity shipped (at least $100 per line item).
Technical data markings are missing or incomplete.
Quality Deficiency Report (QDR) - SF 368
Documents deficiencies with the quality of the product due to
design flaws. Two categories:
Category I: Quality deficiency which will cause death or serious
injury or illness; would cause loss or major damage to weapon
system; directly restricts combat readiness of a unit; or causes
production line stoppage.
Category II: All other quality deficiencies.
75
UNIT 102 NMCB
SUPPLY/LOGISTICS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
Seabee Logistics Training Guide Series,
#1
Seabee Logistics Training Guide Series,
#3
COMSECONDNCB/THIRDNCBINST 4400.3 Seabee
NAVSUP P-485, Afloat Supply, Vol. 1
NAVSUPINST 4200.85C, IMPAC Card
Seabee Logistics Training Guide Series,
#2
Logistics Support Module
Logistics Support Module
Supply Manual
Logistics Support Module
PQS Question 102.1 State the purpose of the Naval Mobile
Construction Battalion (NMCB) Table of Allowance as it relates
to the following.
P-25A(TA-41)
P25C(TA-31)
P25D(TA-22)
Reference: Seabee Logistics Training Guide Series, Logistics
Support Module #1
The NMCB TOA is listed as the P25 and is broken down into three
sub-TOAs to assist in quick deployment.
Air Det (A/D): P25A or TA-41
Air Echelon (A/E): P25C or TA-31
Sea Echelon (S/E): P25D or TA-22
PQS Question 102.2 Describe the purpose of the Micro SNAP II
Program
Reference:
NAVSUP P-485, Afloat Supply, Vol. 1
Micro Snap II is an NCF version of the SNAP II program used
Fleet-wide. It is a supply computer program that:
Manages money.
Produces financial reports.
Processes orders.
Automatically processes NSN orders (1250-1).
Assigns requisition numbers for open purchases (1250-2).
PQS Question 102.3 State the purpose of the Non-Operational
Ready-Supply/Anticipated Non-Operational Ready-Supply
(NORS/ANORS) Program.
76
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/THIRDNCBINST 4400.3 Seabee Supply Manual
When a piece of CESE is deadline or anticipated to be, it is
designated as NORS or ANORS.
NORS: Not Operationally Ready- Supply
ANORS: Anticipated Not Operationally Ready- Supply
NORS- CUCV brakes are out and there are not replacement parts in
stock.
ANORS- Tire is extremely worn but still safe and there are not
replacement tires in stock.
When a part is designated NORS:
Requisition processing is given top priority (A).
Delivery date is expedited (potentially overnight rush).
When a part is designated ANORS:
Requisition processing is given high priority (B)
Required delivery date assigned is before the date deadline is
anticipated.
PQS Question 102.4 State the purpose of the Camp Maintenance
Store Room (CMSR).
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/THIRDNCBINST 4400.3 Seabee Supply Manual
CMSR houses repair parts for in-camp preventive maintenance.
Controlled by either S-4 or Camp Maintenance, depending on the
battalion’s preference.
PQS Question 102.5
Explain the uses of the International
Merchant Purchase Authorization Card (IMPAC) (VISA)
Reference: NAVSUP 4200.85C, IMPAC Card
International Merchant Purchase Authorization Card
Government credit card.
Used for local purchase when a requisition cannot be filled
through the Navy Stock System and the item cost is less than
$2500.
Only trained cardholders are authorized to make purchases.
Purchase examples:
Consumables- paper, pencils.
77
Services- commercial printing, repair contracts.
Construction materials- plywood, nails.
PQS Question 102.6 Discuss how the OPTAR/Budget impacts your
NMCB unit.
Reference: NAVSUP P-485, Afloat Supply, Vol. 1
OPTAR funds are used for operation and maintenance- Navy (OM&N)
needs ONLY.
Cannot buy project materials with this money
NMCB OPTARs are divided into five categories:
0102030408-
Consumables and Services
Maintenance Repair Parts (CESE)
Camp Maintenance
Deployment Per Diem
Det swings, training, emergency leave
Funds cannot be transferred between these different “pots” of
money.
PQS Question 102.7 Describe the difference between organic and
augment tools, equipment, and repair parts.
Reference: Seabee Logistics Training Guide Series, Logistics
Support Module #2
Organic Tools
Tools that are included in a basic allowance of tools.
This basic allowance of tools enables an activity to carry out
operational requirements.
Allowance items are selected to provide support in a contingency
situation.
Organic allowances are not designed to meet every need.
Augment Tools
Tools NOT in TOA may be requested when an assigned project
requires more or specific tools to accomplish task.
PQS Question 102.8
State where to find the Master Packing Plan
(MPP) and TOA As-Packed (TAP) report in a containerized TOA.
Reference: Seabee Logistics Training Guide Series, Logistics
Support Module #3
78
Master Packing Plan (MPP)
In order to mount-out the TOA for contingency response, it is
pre-packed and containerized.
The MPP assigns each item in the TOA to a specific container and
a specific location inside of that container.
The MPP is kept by the TOA Custodian (typically an SK) in
Supply.
TOA As-Packed (TAP)
When a container is packed, an inventory, called the TAP, is
completed.
The TAP is placed in a sealed, waterproof envelope and attached
to the inside of the container door.
The container is then sealed.
The TAP reports inside of the containers should match the MPP
retained by the TOA custodian
A/D
A/E
S/E
People
89
659
25
CESE
34
103
105
Sh. Tons
Air Cargo
Cost
250-300
1250
0
$2.86 mil
$17.9 mil
$9.5 mil
Time to
Deploy
48 hours
14 days
30 days
79
UNIT 108 CC
COMMUNICATIONS
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12801, Radioman Communications.
OPNAVINST 5510.1H, DON Information and Personnel Security
Program Regulation.
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
PQS Question 108.1 Describe Communications Security (COMSEC) and
the role of the Communications Security Material System(CMS)
custodian.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12801, Radioman Communications
Communications security:
COMSEC or CMS is a mission that provides security to naval
communications and communication material.
CMS is an acronym for the system that provides measures to deny
unauthorized persons information of value which may be gained by
the possession or study of naval telecommunications.
Custodian duties / responsibilities
The mission of the CMS is to ensure the proper distribution,
handling, control, and security of COMSEC material in use
throughout the Navy.
PQS Question 108.2 Define the term Two-Person Integrity (TPI)
Reference: OPNAVINST 5510.1H, DON Information and Personnel
Security Program Regulation
Two person integrity (TPI):
Personnel are not permitted to work alone in areas where top
secret information or information controlled under special
access program procedures is used or stored and is accessible to
those employees
PQS Question 108.3 Define the following terms.
Encryption
Authentication
Access
Classification
Compromise
Need to Know
Clearance
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12801, Radioman Communications,
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
80
Encryption - Encryption is the process of converting
intelligible information into an unintelligible form for
transmission
Authentication is a security measure Designed to protect a
communication system against fraudulent transmissions
Access: Having a “security clearance” means that You are
eligible for access to information up to the level shown
Classification: Information is classed when it requires
Protection in the interest of National security.
Compromise: Any breach or possible breach of Security or
classified material is known as a compromise and must be dealt
with immediately.
Need to know: Having access means that you are eligible for
accessing material that you need to perform your duties.
Security Clearance: Before a person is allowed access to
classified information, he or she must have a security clearance
PQS Question 108.4 State the proper use of the phonetic
alphabet, numerals, and prowords.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003,
Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Verbal procedures: During combat activities, thunderstorms, or
other high-background noise levels, voice communications may
require spelling certain words phonetically.
Phonetic alphabet: Phonetic spelling provides clarity and
emphasis to ensure the information is received correctly.
Numbers are transmitted digit by digit except that exact
multiples of hundreds and thousands may be spoken as such;
Pro-words: Difficult words or groups within the text of the
message may be spelled out using the phonetic alphabet and
should be started with the proword “I Spell phonetically”
“Figures to follow”
Precedence Prowords:
Flash
(Z) As fast as humanly possible
Immediate (O) 30-60 min
Priority (P) 1-3 Hrs
Routine
(R) 3-6 Hrs or next business day
Read Back: Means to transmit the entire transmission back
exactly as you received it.
Say Again: All of your last transmission.
Roger: Means I have received your last transmission
satisfactorily.
81
Over: This is the end of my transmission to you and a response
is necessary.
Figures: Numerals or numbers to follow.
I say again: I am repeating transmission or portion indicated.
PQS Question 108.5 Define the following terms
Minimize
EEFI
Bead-window
Gingerbread
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12801, Radioman Communications, NAVEDTRA
10105, Operations Specialists 3
Minimize: A condition wherein normal message and telephone
traffic is drastically reduced in order that messages connected
with an actual emergency shall not be delayed.
EEFI: ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF FRIENDLY INFORMATION
A code that allows us to notify one another of a security breach
that has occurred over a circuit.
BEADWINDOW: Term used to identify an EEFI violation.
Example
“Beadwindow Three” indicates to the transmitting station that
the radio operator has violated security. BEADWINDOW procedures
are incorporated into the OPORD.
GINGERBREAD: Warning sent over the net to alert operators that
hostile forces are attempting to intrude on the net by Imitative
Communications Deceptions (ICD)
PQS Question 108.6 Define the following with respect to
frequency and range.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12801, Radioman Communications,
HF: High Frequency
2- 30 Mhz
VHF:
Very High Frequency
30 - 300 Mhz
UHF:
Ultra High Frequency
300 Mhz - 3 Ghz
PQS Question 108.7 Define the following classification
Unclassified
Confidential
Secret
Top Secret
Reference: OPNAVINST 5510.1H, DON Information and Personnel
Security Program regulation
Security classifications:
82
Designations are keyed to the anticipated degree of damage to
national security that could result from unauthorized
disclosure/compromise.
Confidential: Identifiable damage
Secret: Serious damage
Top secret: Exceptionally grave damage
PQS Question 108.8 Define the term “emergency destruction” as it
applies to:
Communication equipment/Controlled Cryptographic Item
CMS
Reference: OPNAVINST 5510.1H, DON Information and Personnel
Security Program regulation
Emergency destruction
In accordance with OPNAVINST 5510.1 is ordered by the commanding
officer and requires the destruction of all classified documents
and equipment to prevent their falling into enemy hands..
PQS Question 108.9 Explain the purpose of combat hand and arm
signals in the field.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Combat hand and arm signals:
The purpose of hand and arm signals is to communicate commands
or information in the field when voice or radio communication is
difficult, impossible, or when radio silence must be maintained.
PQS Question 108.10 Define the three methods of communications
in the defense area and which is most dependable
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Wire (telephone) and messengers are normally the Primary means
of communications in defense.
These two methods are more secure than radio and provide a better
method of secure communications.
Two or more wire lines should be installed over different routes
to connect two units.
This allows communications to be quickly reestablished if one
line becomes inoperative or is discovered by the enemy.
Visual and sound signals may be used to supplement wire
communications, but only when they do not compromise security.
83
PQS Question 108.11 Describe the factors that affect the
capabilities of radio communications.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Radio communications capability factors
Field radios are for line-of-sight communications, any
obstruction between the transmitting station and the receiving
station may disrupt or block communications.
Factors such as valleys, densely wooded areas, towers, low lying
areas, and sources of electrical interference are common
obstructions that have an adverse effect on radio communications
PQS Question 108.12 Explain the purpose and use of the STE
telephone.
Reference: STE User’s Handbook
Purpose: To allow secure voice communication when Required.
Use: Use as authorized as per unit SOP and equipment
requirements.
84
UNIT 103 NMCB
COMMUNICATIONS/COMMUNICATIONS
SECURITY MATERIAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
References:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat handbook, Vol. 1
TM-11-5820-890-10-8, SINGARS Ground Combat Net Radio, ICOM
TM-11-5895-1079-14-1.
TM-11-5810-292-13&P, Technical Manual KYK-13, KOI-18
TM-10247A-13, Limited Maintenance Manual TSEC K99A
KL-43 (Series), Operational Manual
Motorola 68P81044C05-A
Motorola 68P7991D12-D
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat handbook, Vol. 2
PQS Question 103.1 State the general characteristics, operator
maintenance and antenna systems for the following.
AN/PRC-119E
XTS-5000
AN/GRA-39
AN/PRC-117
AN/PRC-150
AN/VRC-92A
AN/VRC-90A
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat handbook, Vol. 1, TM11-5820-890-10-8 SINGARS Ground Combat Net Radio, ICOM,
Motorola 68P81044C05-A
Motorola 68P7991D12-D
Operator Maintenance
Antennas
Make sure antennas are clean
Check antenna elements for damage
Make sure the (ground strap) is securely installed to the
vehicle and antenna base.
Cables and cable connectors
Check cables for cuts, cracks, and breaks
Make sure cable connectors are secure
Make sure cable connectors are securely attached to cables
Controls and switches
Make sure each control moves smoothly while you operate your
radio
Make sure all knobs are secure on their shafts
If a switch has detents, make sure each position has a solid
feel to it.
Mounting and assembly hardware
Check for loose nuts, bolts, and screws
Check for corrosion, rust, and deterioration of all metal parts.
Cleaning:
Keep radio as clean as possible
85
Preparation for Movement
Manpack Radio: If you won’t be using your radio, remove and
stow the antenna and handset.
Vehicular Radio. Make sure the antenna is properly tied down
for movement.
AN/PRC 119E
General Characteristics
VHF SINCGARS Radio/RT 1523
30 to 87.975 MHz freq.
2320 freq.'s
Sends and receives secure voice
6 Frequency hopping channels/ 100 freqs per second
8 Single Channels (SC) for plain text
Transmits 200 meters to 10 Kilometers or more
Batteries last 4 (BB390) to 30 (BA5590) hrs depending on type &
use.
Ranges:
Lo power- 200-400m
Med power-400m-5km
Hi power-5-10km
PA 10-40km
Antenna Systems
3ft Tape
10ft whip
OE-254
AN/PRC 150
General Characteristics
HF Radio
3 to 30 HF MHz
1.6-59.999 MHz total range
3 Modes of OP Fixed, Freq Hopping,& ALE (Automatic Link
Establishment)
Transmits 0 to 1,000+ miles
Imbedded Crypto
200 Preset channels
75 Programable
Antenna Systems
Whip Antenna-10ft
NVIS Antenna- AS 2259
Dipole Antenna TR-72-(BIO-directional)
86
AN/PRC 117
SATCOM and SINCGARS
VHF UHF capable
Freq Range
5mhz-5000mhz
DAMA Capable
AN/VRC 90A
Antenna Systems
10ft- AS 3900(1 RT 1523, 1 Power AMP 150W Power output 10-40 KM
Range with PA selected)
OE-254
AN/GRA-39
Provides capability to remote operator up to 2 miles from the
radio set (antenna farm)
Power source- 12 d-cell batteries.
Remote unit (locate in COC/CP)
Local unit (locate in ant farm)
AN/VRC 92A
General Characteristics
Base Station
Two RT/1523 radios
50 watt output
Two power amps
Longer VHF ranges of 10 km to 40km
Requires power supply for stationary operations
Capable of retrans use
Antenna Systems
OE-254
AS- 3900
XTS 5000 handheld
General Characteristics
Handheld secure radio
VHF radio with 2.5 - 6 watts
Need radio interface box to fill
VHF - 138 to 174 MHz
Range - 1 to 3 miles
Operator Maintenance
Clean and corrosion free
Ensure all knobs and switches function correctly
Check antenna for cracks and splits
87
Ensure battery charger contacts are not broken
PQS Question 103.2 State the general characteristics and
operator maintenance of the following interconnecting wire
communication assets.
SB-22
TA-312
TA-1
TA-838
SB-3614
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
SB-22
General Characteristics
12 line switchboard
Operator uses headset
Hand ringing generator
Can interconnect calls
29 line packs when stacked (2)
Uses 4 “D” cell batteries when used with operator pack
Audio/visual call indicator
Consist of four basic parts.
1.The Operators Pack
2.The Line and Trunk Pack
3.The Accessory Kits
4.The Handset-Headset
SB-3614
30 line switchboard
Tactical, ruggedized
Switchboard operator can monitor, answer, initiate, extend,
preempt and release calls
Conference call capability
Can be used to connect to DSN or commercial lines
TA-312
General Characteristics
2 wire tactical phone
Talks up to 14 miles wet(1 or more splices), up to 22 miles
dry(no cuts)
Operates on 2 “D” cells
Press to talk handset
Hand crank to call distant stations
Talk 4 miles in ear piece with dead batteries
88
TA-838
Operates on 4 C cell batteries
Full duplex handset, no push-to-talk
Use keypad to dial other stations, when hooked up through SB3614, pick up handset to ring other station when point-to-point
Can be connected, through and SB-3614, to DSN
Uses WD-1 wire, 2- or 4-wire connection
TA-1
General Characteristics
Hand held Comm device
Uses WD-1 wire
Talks 4wet-7dry miles
Squeeze signal generator
Press to talk button
Light weight and easy to store
Normally configured in gun loop
Operator Maintenance FITCAL
Remove dirt and moisture from housing, handset, cord, or
connector. Inspect painted surfaces for bare spots, rust or
corrosion. Inspect surfaces for cuts or cracks.
Inspect handset cord for breaks, cuts or deterioration. Inspect
for inoperative binding posts, broken connector, or hand set
connection.
PQS Question 103.3 Describe the general characteristics and
operator maintenance for AN/PSN-11 Global Positioning System
(GPS)
Reference: TM-11-5825-291-13, Satellite Signals navigational Set
AN/PSN-11
General Characteristics
PLGR - “Plugger” GPS Receives encrypted code
Anti-jam capability
PQS Question 103.4 Describe the use and operation of a tactical
facsimile.
This is no longer in TOA or TAUGHT
PQS Question 103.5 State the use of the following Communications
Security Material System (CMS) Equipment
AN/CYZ-10
89
Reference: TM-11-5820-890-10-8, SINGARS Ground Combat Net Radio,
ICOM,
AN/CYZ-10
Encryption equipment
Receives, Stores,& Transfers
Electronic keyes, FH data and CEOI
Stores up to 1000 crypto fills
Loaded from EKMS or another CYZ-10
Loads the Frequency Hopping Program
PQS Question 103.6 Describe the tactical employment and purpose
of Naval Mobile Construction Battalion communication systems.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat handbook, Vol. 2
Purpose: PRI serves the command
SEC Transfer Info between individuals.
Tactical Employment Loops:
Rifleman-Fireteam Leader-SQD Leader- PLT Leader- Company CPCOC- Regiment/ MAGTAFPurpose: Strong coordination between rifleman up to MAGTAF and
beyond can ensure a victorious outcome for any combat mission
assigned to a Seabee organization.
PQS Question 103.7 Describe the procedure for installing CMS
information into the AN/PRC-119E
90
UNIT 109 COMMON CORE
WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunners Mate
FMFM 0-8, Basic Marksmanship
TM-1005A10/1, Operators Manual Pistol, Semi-Automatic 9mm M9
PQS Question 109.1 Explain when the safety is moved to the fire
position.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1
The safety of any weapon is to remain ON SAFE until you are
actually aiming at a target and ready to fire.
Only then will the safety of any weapon by moved to the fire
position.
PQS Question 109.2 Define the four weapon conditions.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1
Condition One: Magazine is inserted, a round must be in position
to fire (chambered), the safety is on.
Condition Two: Magazine is inserted, a round must be in position
to fire (chambered), the weapons action is closed, the hammer
must be forward. This condition applies to weapons with
external hammers except the M9 Service Pistol.
Condition Three: Magazine is inserted, chamber is empty, the
action is closed and the safety is on.
Condition Four: All ammo is removed, the chamber is empty, the
action is closed and the safety is on.
PQS Question 109.3 Describe the precautions required when
receiving a weapon.
References: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1
Ensure the weapon is safe by clearing it. This will depend on
the type of weapon.
In general, make sure the weapon is on safe.
The chamber is empty and no magazine is inserted.
The weapon is pointed in a safe direction.
91
PQS Question 109.4 Describe the following terms, hazards, and
immediate actions associated with each: a) Malfunction, b)
Misfire, c) Cook off, d) Stoppage
References: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook Vol 1
Malfunction - The failure of a weapon to function
satisfactorily, usually because of excess friction caused by
dirt, improper lubrication or carbon buildup.
Immediate action – You must stop and clean the weapon to correct
this problem.
Misfire - A complete failure to fire, NOT a delay in firing that
may be caused by a faulty firing mechanism or a faulty element
in the propelling charge explosive train.
Immediate action – The following steps are to be followed:
-Strike the forward assist to be sure the extractor has engaged
a round.
-Tap upward on the magazine to ensure it is fully seated.
-Pull the charging handle to the rear.
-If round is not ejected, check for a round in the chamber, if
it is clear, release the handle, strike forward assist and
attempt to fire.
-If a round is stuck in the chamber it must be removed before
attempting to reload/re-chamber.
Cook Off – The functioning of any or all the explosive
components of a cartridge chambered in a hot weapon due to the
heat from continual firing of that weapon.
Immediate action – When this occurs:
-Attempt to remove the cartridge before ten seconds elapse.
-If a cartridge is chambered in a hot weapon and can neither be
fired or removed, keep the weapon pointed in a safe direction.
-Allow for a minimum of 15 minutes to elapse before taking any
further action.
Stoppage – Any interruption of the cycle of functioning caused
by faulty action of the weapon or ammunition.
Immediate action – Without analyzing the cause the following
steps are to be followed:
-Strike the forward assist to be sure the extractor has engaged
a round.
-Tap upward on the magazine to ensure it is fully seated.
-Pull the charging handle to the rear.
-If round is ejected, release the handle, strike forward assist
and attempt to fire.
92
-If round is not ejected, check for a round in the chamber, if
it is clear, release handle, strike forward assist and attempt
to fire.
-If a round is stuck in the chamber it must be removed before
attempting to reload/re-chamber.
PQS Question 109.5 State the eight steps of operation in a
firing cycle.
References: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Every weapon has a cycle of operation.
This cycle is a group of actions that takes place upon firing of
one round and that must occur before firing of the next round.
There are eight steps in the cycle.
FEEDING – The feeding action places a round in the received just
to the rear of the chamber.
CHAMBERING – Takes place as the moving bolt strips the round and
forces it into the chamber.
LOCKING – Holds the bolt in the forward position for a short
period of time to prevent the loss of gas pressure.
FIRING – The firing pin actually strikes the primer of the
cartridge.
UNLOCKING – After the round is fired, the bolt unlocks and moves
rearward.
EXTRACTING – The process of pulling the empty case back out of
the chamber. As the bolt moves rearward extraction occurs.
EJECTING – As the casing is extracted, ejection occurs as it is
thrown out of weapon.
COCKING – The retraction of the firing mechanism against spring
pressure so that there will be sufficient energy to fire the
next cartridge.
PQS Question 109.6 Explain the differences between semiautomatic
and automatic operation.
References: NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
A semiautomatic weapon unlocks, extracts, ejects, cocks and
reloads automatically. However, the trigger must be pulled each
time to fire a round.
A automatic weapon unlocks, extracts, ejects, cocks and reloads
automatically. An automatic weapon will fire as long as the
trigger is pulled and rounds are available to fire.
93
PQS Question 109.7 Define the following terms: a) Trajectory, b)
Breech, c) Bore, d) Chamber, e) Muzzle, f) Muzzle velocity, g)
Max range, h) Max effective range
References: NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
TRAJECTORY – The flight path the bullet takes from the weapon to
the target.
BREECH – The rear end of the barrel.
BORE – The actual hole in the barrel. It can be rifled or not.
CHAMBER – The enlarged part of the bore at the breech that holds
the cartridge.
MUZZLE –The front or forward end of the barrel.
MUZZLE VELOCITY – The speed at which a bullet travels when it
leaves the muzzle of the barrel.
MAXIMUM RANGE – The greatest distance a round will travel.
MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE RANGE – The greatest distance at which a
weapon may be expected to fire accurately to inflict damage or
casualties.
PQS Question 109.8 Describe small arms ammunition by using color
codes: a) Orange or red, b) Violet, c) Black, d) Aluminum, e)
Green
References: NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.,
FMFM 0-8, Basic Marksmanship
Orange or Red: Tracer rounds
Violet: Blank rounds
Black: Armor piercing
Aluminum: Armor piercing, incendiary
Green or Brass: Standard Ball ammunition
PQS Question 109.9 State the weapons covered in the Seabee
Combat Handbook
References: NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
94
M9
9mm Service Pistol
Semi-automatic, magazine-fed, recoil operated, double action or
single action firing pistol.
Current issue sidearm.
Capabilities/Characteristics:
Length: 8.54 in
Weight: 2.12 lbs
Weight full loaded (15 round magazine): 2.54 lbs
Magazine capacity: 15 rounds
Muzzle velocity: 1230/fps
Max effective range: 50 m
Ammunition: 9mm Ball
Safety Features:
The M9 pistol has only one safety. However, it has three safety
features:
Ambidextrous safety: Allows for safe operation of the pistol by
right and left handed users. Lowers the hammer safely without
causing an accidental discharge
Firing pin block: Prevents any motion of the firing pin and is
only overcome by pulling the trigger.
Half cock notch: Prevents accidental discharge. If the cocked
hammer should fall forward due to a mechanical failure, this
would catch on the sear before the hammer would strike the
firing pin.
95
M16A2E3
5.56mm Rifle
Lightweight, gas operated, air cooled, magazine fed, shoulder
fired, semi-automatic or fully automatic rifle.
Modes of fire:
Semi-automatic fire mode: When a singe shot is fired. The
trigger must be pulled each shot.
Automatic fire mode: Rifle will continue to fire as long as the
trigger is held back.
Selector lever:
Safe position: Rifle will not fire.
Semi position: The trigger must be pulled each shot.
Auto position: Rifle will continue to fie as long as the trigger
is held back.
Capabilities/Characteristics:
Length w/flash suppressor – 39 in
Length of barrel w/flash suppressor – 21 in
Weight – 7.8 lbs
Weight full loaded (30 round magazine) – 8.79 lbs
Magazine capacity – 20/30 rounds
Muzzle velocity – 3100 fps
Max range – 3534 m
Max effective range – Point target 550 m
Max effective range - Area target 800 m
Rates of fire:
Sustained: 12 – 15 rounds per minute
Rapid: 150 to 200 rounds per minute
Cyclic: 700 to 800 rounds per minute
Ammunition:
5.56mm Ball: Standard round
5.56mm Tracer: Used to mark targets or cause incendiary effects
5.56mm Blank: Training round
5.56 Dummy: Totally inert training
96
M203 40mm
Grenade Launcher
Lightweight, single shot, breech loaded, pump action, shoulder
fired weapon.
Attaches to M16 rifle.
Capabilities/Characteristics:
Length of launcher: 15 5/16 in
Total weight unloaded: 3 lbs
Total weight loaded: 3.5 lbs
Total weight with M16: 11 lbs
Max range: 400m
Max effective range (area target): 350m
Max effective range (point target): 150m
PQS Question 109.11 Describe the six types of grenades
References: NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
M67 Fragmentation grenade: Grenades designed to inflict
personnel casualties and damage to light equipment by projecting
high velocity fragments from the detonated grenade case. The
effective casualty-producing radius is about 50 feet (15
meters).
MK1 Illuminating grenade: Used to illuminate terrain in night
time operations. Once pin is pulled, grenade must be thrown.
The MK1 is the only illuminating grenade currently available.
It provided about 55,000 candlepower for a period of 25 seconds.
97
ABC-M25A2 CS Riot Grenade: Used for incendiary, screening,
signaling, training and riot control purposes. Grenades that
are chemical filled munitions designed to be thrown by the
individual or projected from the service rifle using a special
adapter. ABC-M25A2, riot control hand grenade is the most
commonly used. Filled with a type of tear gas chemical that
causes irritation and watering eyes.
AN-M14 Incendiary grenade: AN-M14 incendiary thermite is used
to ignite combustible materials and to destroy all types of
equipment. It is cylindrical in shape and weighs 32 oz,
contains filler of 26.5 oz of thermite mixture. Uses an
igniting delay fuse that sets fire to the thermite, which burns
at a temperature of about 4,300 degrees.
M15WP, M34WP, and M8 Smoke grenades: Cylindrical in shape and
weigh about 27 oz, can be thrown about 40 yards with an
effective casualty radius of nearly 30 yards.
M57 Practice and training grenade: Used to train personnel in
the care, handling, and use of grenades prior to using actual
service grenades.
PQS Question 109.12 Explain hand grenade safety procedures
References:
NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Hand grenade safety precautions must be observed by everyone who
handles and/or throws any and all types, and by other persons
who may be within the grenade’s danger area. Anyone within the
danger area of a casualty-producing grenade about 55 yards or 50
meters) must wear a steel helmet. When the safety pin is
pulled, the safety lever or arming device should be held down
firmly until it is thrown.
All personnel handling casualty producing grenades must wear
proper protection.
Never attempt to defuse hand grenades.
Do not remove the safety pin until ready to throw.
Do not attach grenades to clothing or equipment.
PQS Question 109.13 Describe the placement, aiming safety
requirements, coverage, and methods of firing the claymore mine.
References: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
98
M18A1
Claymore Mine
Placement:
This mine should be positioned so as to afford all friendly
personnel, within 110 yards (100 meters) to the rear and sides
of the mine, the opportunity to take adequate cover.
Arming:
After the M18A1 mine is positioned and properly aimed, it is
armed by first opening the blasting cap assembly and unrolling
the wire from either the firing position or the mine.
The wire is secure by wrapping a few turns of wire around a leg
of the mine and burying it, if possible.
Safety requirements:
Before attaching the firing device directly, the circuit should
be checked for continuity with the test set provided to ensure
that the mine will function at the desired time.
The firing device has a safety bail with two positions.
In the upper (safe) position, it acts as a block between the
firing handle and the generator.
In the lower (fire) position, it allows the generator to be
activated.
The instructions provided with the M7 bandoleer should be
carefully followed by anyone using these mines.
Range/Coverage:
When detonated, the M18A1 mine will project steel spheres over a
60 degree fan-shaped pattern approximately 6 feet high and 164
feet wide to an optimum effective range of 55 yards (50 meters).
99
The steel fragments are moderately effective up to a range of
approximately 110 yards (100 meters) and can travel up to 275
yards (250 meters).
Methods of firing:
M18A1 mine can be in either an uncontrolled or controlled role.
An uncontrolled mine is essentially a booby-trap.
This use by Seabees is not authorized. In a controlled role,
the operator detonates the mine as the enemy approaches within
the killing zone. By using either an electrical or a nonelectrical firing system, the operator can control detonation.
In almost all cases, mines employed by Seabees will be fired
electrically with the M57 firing device.
PQS Question 109.14 Describe loading and unloading procedures
for the following weapons:
-9mm Pistol
-M16 Rifle
-M203 Grenade launcher
References:
NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
-Keep safety in “SAFE” position until ready to fire.
-Keep muzzle down range and clear of all troops.
-Before loading, make sure bore, chamber, and ammunition are
clean and dry.
-Hold the pistol at the raised pistol position, or place
the rifle butt against the thigh.
-Then, remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch or
release button.
-To make absolutely certain the chamber is empty, pull back the
slide or bolt and inspect the chamber and receiver visually.
-If it is dark, feel to check. Opening the slide or bolt will
eject any round that may have been in the chamber.
-Again, this should be done only after the magazine is removed
and the muzzle is pointing upward.
M203 loading:
-Press barrel latch and slide the barrel forward until the
barrel stop is engaged.
-Insert casing into chamber.
-Slide barrel assembly sharp rearward until barrel locks.
Move safety rearward.
M203 unloading:
-Press barrel latch and move barrel forward.
-Expended casing is automatically extracted and ejected.
100
NMCB 104
WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade Machine Gun, Mod.3
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2
NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual
FM 23-99, Mortars
NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunners Mate
FM 23-0, M16A1 and M16A2 Rifle Marksmanship
TM-5855-214-10, Night Vision Sight, Crew Served Weapons
TM-11-5855-213-23&P, Night Vision Sight, Individual Weapon
TM-SW215-AK-MNO-010, Night Vision Sight, Individual Goggles
NAVSEA OP 4067, Operators Manual for AN/VPS-11, Pocket Scope Night
Vision Device
PQS Question 104.1 Describe the 7.62mm M240B machine gun.
M240B
7.62mm Machine Gun
Air-cooled, Belt-fed, Gas-operated, Automatic weapon with
Fixed headspace, Fires from open bolt Position and is Crew
served.
PQS Question 104.2 Describe loading/unloading procedures for
the M240B Machine Gun
Loading
1.Point weapon down range
2.Place safety in the “F” (fire) position
3.Use cocking handle to pull the bolt to the rear
4.When the sear holds bolt rearward, return cocking handle
forward and place the safety in the “S” (safe) position
101
5.Raise the cover and ensure the feed tray, receiver and chamber
are clear
6.Place the first round in the feed tray groove and close the
cover, making sure the round stays in the groove
7.Move safety to “F”
8.The weapon is now ready to fire
Un-Loading
1.Point weapon down range
2.Move safety to “F” (fire) position
3.Pull charging handle rearward to lock the bolt to the rear,
then return the charging handle forward
4.Place the safety in the “S” (safe) position
5.Raise the cover and remove the belt and rounds from the tray.
6.Ensure that chamber and face of bolt are clear
7.Lower feed tray and close cover
CAUTION- DO NOT ALLOW BOLT TO SLAM FORWARD ON EMPTY CHAMBER
PQS Question 104.3 State the following Capabilities/
characteristics of the M240B Machine Gun.
Length:
49 Inches
Weight
27.6 lbs
Maximum Range: 3725 meters
Maximum Effective Range: 1800 meters(area) 800 meters (point)
Safeties
Safety lever on left side of trigger housing
The bolt cannot be pulled rearward or released to go forward
while on safe.
Ammunition Types
7.62 Ball
7.62 Armor piercing
7.62 Tracer
7.62 Blank
7.62 Dummy
Rates of Fire
Sustained - 100 rnds/minute
Rapid 200 rnds/minute
Cyclic 650-950 rnds/minute
TYPES OF FIRE
Grazing Fire - Not less than 1m above and no higher than 68
inches above the ground. Can exist for 700m over level or
evenly sloping ground.
102
Plunging Fire that strikes the ground from above at a
considerable level. Beaten zone is considered the danger space.
Overhead Fire delivered over the heads of troops.
plunging fire.
Usually
MOUNTING PODS
Integral Bipod
Part of the barrel group
Provides effective firing platform
M122A1 Tripod w/flex mount
Stable and durable mount
Provides for greater accuracy
Includes a traversing and elevating mechanism and the pintle and
platform group
PQS Question 104.4 Name the three types of emplacements that
might be employed in a defensive position.
Hasty/ Skirmishers
Improved 1 man
Improved 2 man
There are also five machine gun emplacements that might be used
in conjunction with the crew served weapon systems.
Reference: M240B training manual
Unofficial acronym
S Skirmishers
L “L” shaped
U “U” shaped
T “T” shaped
T
Two hole
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
2
Employed as a squad (sqdldr & 2-4 person gun tms)
Support the rifleman in offense & defense
Provide heavy volumes of controlled, accurate and continuous
fire.
Engage predetermined targets in all visibility conditions.
Provide long range, close defensive and final protective fires
Basis for FPF’s in the defensive fire plan
Cover likely avenues of approach
103
Provide grazing fire
Assigned to each gun
Normally does not exceed 800 mils right to left (45 degrees)
Adjacent Machine gun squad sectors should overlap.
Initial Fire Command - The units leaders means of controlling
the fires of his unit. A way of telling you what weapon, where,
at what, how far, when to commence firing.
Remembered by the acronym ADDRAC
ALERT - The first element, alerts you that a command is coming.
DIRECTION - Directs your attention in a direction or to the
target. Can be skipped if the target is singular and obvious.
DESCRIPTION - A description of the target or targets in short
accurate words. Can combine a reference point in this element
as well.
RANGE - The estimated range of the target to be engaged.
ASSIGNMENT/METHOD - Only used if the need to assign different
sectors of fire exists or to indicate a method of engagement.
CONTROL/COMMAND - Used to tell you when to start placing fire on
the target.
1.Final Protective Fire (FPF) - Defensive fire designed to break
up the enemy’s assault under any condition of visibility.
A prearranged barrier of fire laid down just in front of the
defense.
Also planned to destroy or limit enemy penetrations into the
defense.
Fired on verbal command or predetermined signal
2.Final Protective Lines (FPL) Predetermined line of fire to obtain the maximum grazing fire
from the weapon.
Used in terrain that has short ridges, draws and irregular
slopes.
Characterized by:
Flanking Fire:
Interlocking:
Provides effective frontal coverage
Reduces number of gaps & provides mutual support
104
Grazing: Bullet does not rise above avg ht of person.
even slope 700m max.
Flat or
3.Principle Direction of Fire (PDF) Used when terrain does not allow for effective FPL.
Used to cover dangerous avenues of approach.
May fall within the sector of fire or compromise either
boundary.
PQS Question 104.5 Name the members of a gun team and state what
they are responsible for carrying into a combat situation.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Team Leader - Usually A PO2, responsible for effective
employment of the gun.
Responsible for changing the barrels during firing.
Carries spare barrel kit, M122 tripod, one bandoleer of ammo and
armed with a 9mm pistol.
Gunner - Usually a PO3. Actually fires and maintains the gun.
Carries the gun, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm
pistol.
Ammo 1 - Usually a CN, acts as the supply person for the team.
Carries one box of ammo, spare barrel case with T&E. Armed with
an M16.
Ammo 2 - Usually a CA. Carries two boxes of ammo. Armed with an
M16.
PQS Question 104.6 Describe how tracer rounds are used.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Observation of fire
Signaling
1.
Incendiary effects
Training.
PQS Question 104.7 Describe the 40mm Machine Gun
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
105
1.
MK19,
40mm Machine Gun
Air-cooled, Belt-fed, blow-back operated, Automatic weapon
Fires from open bolt position and is Crew served.
PQS Question 104.8 Describe loading/unloading procedures for the
40mm Machine Gun
Reference: FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade machine Gun, Mod. 3
Loading
Keep the weapon down range
Make sure the bolt is forward. If not take the weapon off safe
and ease the charging handles forward.
Open the cover
Insert the first round through the feed throat
Insert the first round through the feed throat
Place the first round into the feeder. Female link first.
Push the round across the first pawl
Move the slide assembly to the left
Close the cover
Unlock and grasp the charging handles and charge weapon
Un-Loading
Place weapon on safe
Open cover
Remove remaining rounds and inspect chamber
Once clear, close cover
Place weapon on fire and use charging handles to “ride” bolt
forward or press trigger sending the bolt forward.
PQS Question 104.9 State the following
capabilities/characteristics of the 40mm Machine Gun.
106
Reference: FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade machine Gun, Mod. 3
and NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2.
Length:
Weight:
Range -
43.1 inches
75.6 lbs
maximum effective point 1500m
Maximum effective area 2212m
M383 HE Round - 18 to 36 meters
M918 TP Round - 18 to 30 meters
Muzzle Velocity:
790 fps
Rate of Fire:
325 to 375 rds/min
Safety: Thumb switch with “Safe” and “Fire” positions
M383 HE - High explosive, designed to inflict personnel
casualties. Arming distance of 18 to 36m. 15m casualty radius
M430 HEDP -High explosive, dual purpose
M385E4/M385A1 - Training Practice with propellant.
2200m
M918 TP - Target round with a flash signature.
Max range
Max range 2200m
M922 Dummy - Inert
PQS Question 104.10 Describe the operation of the .50 caliber M2
Machine Gun
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
The .50-caliber machine gun is a belt-fed, crew-served, recoiloperated, air-cooled weapon.
It can be set for automatic and semiautomatic fire.
The weapon does not have any safeties.
PQS Question 104.11 Describe loading/unloading procedures for
the M2 Machine Gun
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Loading
Automatic mode
Make sure gun is clear
107
1.
Close the bolt
Close feed cover
Lock down the bolt latch release
Insert the ammo
Cock the gun (the gun is now “half-cocked”)
Re-cock the gun (now it is “fully-cocked”)
Single shot mode
Make sure gun is clear
Close the bolt
Close feed cover
Rotate bolt latch release lock in the up position to the right
Insert the ammo
Cock the gun (the gun is now “half-cocked”)
Re-cock the gun (now it is “fully-cocked”)
To fire another round you must push the bolt release allowing
the bolt to go home.
Un-Loading
Place the gun in single shot mode
Pull slide handle to the rear and lock bolt rearward
Open the feed cover
Clear all remaining links or rounds
Inspect chamber insuring it is clear
Press the bolt latch release and ride the bolt forward
Close the feed cover and pull the bolt to the rear
PQS Question 104.12 State the following
capabilities/characteristics of the M2 Machine Gun
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.1
108
M2HB,
.50 Cal Machine Gun
Length:
65 inches
Weight:
Total Weight 128 lbs
Barrel - 24 lbs
Receiver group - 60 lbs
M3 Tripod - 44 lbs
Maximum Range:
Maximum Effective Range:
Muzzle Velocity:
6800 meters(M2 Ball)
1830 meters
3050 fps
(2080 mph)
Direction of Feed: Load so double end loop on ammo belt clicks
into the feedway
Rates of Fire
Sustained - 40 rnds or less/minute
Rapid 40 rnds or more/minute
Cyclic 450-550 rnds/minute
Types of Fire
Automatic: Short burst are recommended over sustained firings.
Semiautomatic:
Single Shot Fire
PQS Question 104.13 Describe setting headspace and timing on the
.50 caliber machine gun
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
109
1.
Headspace - Distance between the bolt face and the base of a
seated cartridge (rnd).
Correct when: Recoiling groups are fully forward
No independent rearward movement between the bolt, barrel and
barrel extension
Must be checked and set before gun is fired,
When barrel is replaced and When correct setting is in doubt
Headspace Gauge
Tool used to check and set headspace
Has “GO-NO GO” reading
Headspace Adjustment
Insert the “GO” side of the gauge between the bolt and rear of
the barrel (T-slot)
The gauge should enter freely up to the center ring
Remove the gauge and place the “NO-GO” side in the T-slot
If the “NO-GO” side does not enter, the headspace is set
correctly
Headspace Too Tight
The “GO” side of the gauge cannot enter freely
Pull back on the charging handle
While holding it back, unscrew the barrel one notch (click)
Ease the bolt forward
Recheck the headspace with the gauge
Headspace Too Loose
If it is too loose the “NO-GO” side of the gauge will enter
freely
To adjust it follow the same procedures as if it were to tight,
but tighten the barrel
Timing - Ensures that firing takes place when the recoiling
parts are between .020 and .116 inch out of the battery (fully
forward).
Correct when: recoiling parts are locked together
Firing takes place just before the recoiling parts are in the
battery
The gun fires on the “FIRE” gauge And WILL NOT on the “NO-FIRE”
gauge
Timing Adjustment
Checked with the “FIRE” (.020 in) and “NO-FIRE” (.116 in) gauges
110
Must be checked and/or set each time headspace is adjusted and
whenever timing is questionable
Timing Adjustment Steps
Check headspace first
Ensure gun is cocked and bolt forward
Raise the extractor
Retract the bolt far enough to insert the “FIRE” gauge
Place it between the extension and the trunnion block
Allow the barrel extension to close on the gauge
Depress the trigger, the firing pin should release
Retract the bolt far enough to remove the “FIRE” gauge, cocking
the gun and allow the bolt to go forward
Retract the bolt far enough to insert the “NO-FIRE” gauge, place
it in the same position
Depress the trigger, the firing pin should not release
Timing Late
The firing pin will not release when the “FIRE” gauge in place.
If this happens perform the following:
Remove “FIRE” gauge
Remove backplate assembly
Locate and turn the trigger bar adjusting nut one notch to the
right
Reinstall the backplate assembly
Reinsert the “FIRE” gauge and test again
Timing Early
The firing pin will release when the “NO-FIRE” gauge in place.
If this happens perform the following:
Perform the same steps as if it were late except turn the
trigger bar adjusting nut on notch to the left
PQS Question 104.18 Describe the role and mission of the
following:
Forward Observer (FO)
Fire Direction Center (FDC)
Fire Support Coordinator (FSC)
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Forward Observer
The “eyes” of the indirect fire team
Primary mission is locating suitable targets and calling for and
adjusting fire on these targets.
Additional mission of collecting intelligence.
111
Fire Direction Center
Provides the CO with a way to control and quickly mass fires
Located in the HQ’s section of the mortar platoon
Processes the calls for fire by plotting them on the firing
chart
From this chart, firing data is prepared and announced to the
gun crews
Fire Support
Approves all
De-conflicts
Ensures data
Coordinator
calls for fire that are requested.
different fire missions in TOAR
for fire missions is accurate
PQS Question 104.19 Describe the 40mm grenade launcher.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Description
Light weight Single shot Breech loaded Pump action
Shoulder fired weapon Attaches to the M16 rifle
PQS Question 104.20 Describe how the 40mm grenade launcher is
held when fired.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Standing - Used with targets less than 100m. Face target then
half right, Right hand pistol grip, left on magazine.
Kneeling - Good for level ground or ground that slopes upward
towards target. Place body perpendicular to target. Same
firing position as standing.
Prone - Same as with rifle. When firing long range place butt
of weapon on the deck Holding the 40mm grenade launcher.
PQS Question 104.21 Describe loading and unloading procedures
for the 40mm grenade launcher.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Loading and Unloading
Ensure the weapon is on safe
Press the barrel latch and slide barrel forward
Insert round into the chamber
Slide the barrel closed
Weapon is now loaded
Open barrel to eject round to unload
112
1.
PQS Question 104.22 State the following
capabilities/characteristics of the 40mm Grenade Launcher
Weight
Ammunition type
Maximum Effective Range Range(area target)
Maximum Effective Range Range(point target)
Maximum Range
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Weight
1.
Total weight unloaded - 3 lbs
Total weight loaded - 3.5 lbs
Total weight with M16 - 11 lbs
Ammunition Types
HE round - High explosive, designed to inflict personnel
casualties. 5m casualty radius. Danger radius of 30m. Arms
within 14m to 27m.
HE air burst - Lands on the deck and bounces up 2m to explode.
5m casualty radius. Arms within 14m to 27m.
HEDP - High explosive, can penetrate 2 inches of steel.
casualty radius.
TP - Training round with a flash signature.
20m
5m
Danger radius of
Maximum effective range(area target) - 350m
Maximum effective range(point target)- 150m
Max range 400m
PQS Question 104.23
shotgun.
Reference:
Describe the operation of the 12- gauge
NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunner’s Mate
Manually operated
Single shot
Magazine feed (tubular)
Pump action
Shoulder fired weapon
PQS Question 104.24 Describe loading and unloading procedures
for the 12-gauge shotgun.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunner’s Mate
113
Loading
Single Load
Ensure the weapon is on safe
Press the action lock lever and slide barrel (fore-end) rearward
Insert round into the barrel chamber
Slide the barrel closed
Weapon is now loaded
Magazine Load
Ensure the weapon is on safe
Slide barrel (fore-end) forward
Insert round into the magazine
Loading
Weapon is now loaded without round in chamber
Open and close barrel to chamber a round
Unloading
Open barrel to eject round to unload
PQS Question 104.25 State the following
capabilities/characteristics of the 12 gauge shotgun.
Length
Safeties
Ammunition type
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunner’s Mate
M500 Shotgun
Length: 39 inches
Safeties: Safety switch on top
Ammunition type: 12 ga, 2 - 2 3/4 in 00 buck, military round
PQS Question 104.26 Describe the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Lightweight
Gas operated
Air cooled
Magazine fed
Shoulder fired
Semi-automatic or fully automatic
PQS Question 104.27 Describe how the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle is held
when firing.
114
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Shoulder fired.
1.
Semi-automatic or fully automatic
PQS Question 104.28 Describe loading and unloading procedures
for the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Loading
Ensure the rifle is on safe
With the bolt locked to the rear, insert a magazine.
Release the bolt catch and allow the bolt to go forward.
chambers a round from the magazine.
The rifle is now loaded and in condition one
1.
This
UnLoading
Ensure the rifle is on safe
After the last shot the bolt should lock to the rear. If so,
just remove the magazine and inspect the chamber.
If The bolt does not lock to the rear, pull the charging handle
rearward and lock the bolt rearward using the bolt catch.
Repeat the second step to complete the unloading process.
PQS Question 104.29 State the following capabilities/
characteristics of the M16A2 rifle:
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Fm 23-9, M16 Rifle Marksmanship
1 and
Length: 39in with flash suppressor
Weight: 7.8 lbs
Maximum Range:
3534 meters
Maximum Effective Range:
Point Target
550 meters
Area Target
800 meters
Muzzle Velocity: 3100 fps
Safeties: The rifle will not fire when placed in “safe” mode.
Magazine capacity: 20 - 30 rounds
Types of ammunition:
5.56mm Ball - Standard round
5.56mm Tracer - Used to mark targets or cause incendiary effects
5.56mm Blank - Training round
5.56mm Dummy - Totally inert for training
115
Rates of Fire:
Semi-Automatic: 45 rounds per minute
Automatic:
90 rounds per minute
Sustained: 12 to 15 rounds per minute
Modes of Fire
Semiautomatic Fire mode - The trigger must be pulled each shot.
Automatic Fire mode - Rifle will continue to fire as long as the
trigger is held back.
PQS Question 104.30 State the six types of grenades.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Six types of grenades
Fragmentation
Chemical
Smoke
1.
Illumination
Incendiary
Practice
M67 Fragmentation grenade
Used to produce casualties by high velocity projection of
fragments
Effective casualty producing
radius is 15 meters
Illuminating Grenades
MK1 Illumination grenade
Used to illuminate terrain in night time operations
Once pin is pulled, GRENADE MUST BE THROWN!
Chemical Grenades
M25A2 CS Riot grenade
Used for incendiary, screening, signaling, training and riot
control purposes
Incendiary Grenades
AN-M14 Incendiary grenade
Used to ignite combustible material and destroy all types of
equipment
Smoke Grenades
M15 WP Grenade
M34 WP Grenade
M8 Smoke Grenade
Used to screen movement, mark targets and signal
116
Practice
Training Grenades
M57 grenade
Used to train personnel in the care, handling, and use of
grenades prior to using actual service grenades.
PQS Question 104.31 State hand grenade safety procedures.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
All personnel handling, casualty producing, grenades must wear
proper protection
Never attempt to de-fuse hand grenades
Do not remove the safety pin until ready to throw
Do not attach grenades to clothing or equipment.
Riot control grenades should not be thrown within
5 meters of personnel
Smoke grenades should not be used in closed areas
Wait 5 min before approaching a dud
Wait 30 min before approaching a chemical dud
PQS Question 104.32 Describe the uses of fragmentation and
chemical hand grenades.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Fragmentation Grenade
Used to produce casualties by high velocity projection of
fragments
Chemical Grenade
Used for incendiary, screening, signaling, training and riot
control purposes
PQS Question 104.33 State when, if ever, the safety pin of the
MK 1 illuminating grenade can be replaced.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Once pin is pulled, GRENADE MUST BE THROWN!
NEVER REPLACE THE SAFETY PIN
PQS Question 104.34 Describe the M18A1 Claymore mine.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.
117
A directional, fixed-fragmentation mine that is designed
primarily for use against massed infantry attacks.
It is equipped with a fixed plastic, slit type sight, adjustable
legs and two detonator wells.
PQS Question 104.35 Describe the placement, arming and safety
requirements of the Claymore mine
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.
Placement
Should be sighted on a point 8 ft high at a distance of 50
meters.
Arming
Pull tape tab from blasting cap.
Lay wire between mine and firing position, wrap wire around leg
of mine and bury if possible.
Arming
Insert cap into either detonating well and lock with shipping
plug-priming adapter.
Recheck aiming of mine.
The safety bail on the firing device has two positions. When up
it is in the “safe” position. Down is the “fire” position.
PQS Question 104.36 Describe the coverage and methods of fire
for the Claymore mine.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Effective coverage - Placement no closer than 5 m and no farther
apart than 45 m.
A preferred lateral and rearward separation distance is
approximately 25 meters.
The first 50 m at a 60 deg angle is considered the kill zone
100 m is moderately effective
250 m in dangerous
100m behind the mine is the danger area
PQS Question 104.37 Describe the 84mm M136 (AT-4).
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Lightweight
118
1.
Self contained anti-armor weapon
Free flight fin stabilized cartridge packed in an expendable
launcher
One piece
Right shoulder fired only
Man-portable
PQS Question 104.38 Describe how to hold the AT4 when firing.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Standing - Used when firing on moving or stationary targets from
behind a protective barrier such as a wall or barricade. Most
unstable and exposed position.
Kneeling - Used for firing on moving or stationary targets.
Maximum use of support is essential for stability
Sitting - Used for firing on stationary targets.
than kneeling position.
More suitable
Prone - The least stable position. Affords the most protection.
The danger area extends for 60m with a 90 degree angle behind
the weapon.
The weapon must not have any obstructions closer than 5 m to the
rear of the weapon.
PQS Question 104.39 State the following capabilities
/characteristics of the AT4
Length
Weight
Maximum Range
Maximum Effective Range
Muzzle velocity
Controls
Ammunition
Misfire procedures
Minimum arming range
Safeties
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
Length:
40 inches
Weight: Fully loaded 14.8 lbs
Maximum Range: 2100 meters
Maximum Effective Range: 300 meters
119
1
Muzzle Velocity: 950 fps
Ammunition: Tactical cartridge, 18 inches long, high explosive,
anti-tank (HEAT)
Controls
Transport Safety Pin. Blocks the movement of the firing pin and
prevents it from striking the cartridge percussion cap.
Cocking Lever: When the cocking lever is in the SAGE position,
there is no contact between the firing rod and the trigger.
Forward Safety. Prevents the firing rod from striking the
firing pin.
Misfire Procedures
Causes - A complete failure to fire caused by a faulty firing
mechanism or faulty element in the propellant charge.
Action:
Shout “misfire”
Maintain sight picture
Release safety catch
Re-cock the weapon
Check back blast area and attempt to fire
Repeat if necessary
If still fails, release safety catch and return cocking lever to
the safe position.
Reinsert the transport safety pin, lay weapon on ground and
notify chain of command.
Minimum arming range: 10 meters
Safety Precautions
Take care in selecting positions for firing. Avoid areas that
could cause you to fire through a screen of brush or trees.
Impact with a twig or branch may deflect the rocket or cause it
to detonate.
You must try to obtain concealment, but not at the risk of
safety.
To prevent the rocket from striking the foreground and causing
serious injury to personnel, maintain the launcher in the firing
position until the rocket has left the launcher.
Avoid the blast of flame and ejected residue to the rear of the
launcher.
Remove flammable material , such as dry vegetation, from the
back blast area.
Keep personnel and ammunition clear of the rear danger area
unless adequate shelter protection is provided.
120
Sand or loose dirt in the back blast area can also reveal your
position to the enemy.
Do not fire rockets at temperatures below -40 F or above 140 F.
Never fire a damaged weapon.
PQS Question 104.40 Describe the use and purpose of the range
card as it relates to each weapon system.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
2
Cards are the basis for the fire plan at the company level.
Each crew served weapon will have one.
All supporting fires, security sectors and defensive
coordination are planned using the machine gun’s fire as the
base from which to build.
Two cards are prepared, one for the gun and the other goes to
higher HQ.
Cards should be passed on to relieving units.
Patrols can use your card to locate FPL’s and identify dead
space.
Cards must be neat and prepared using a universal format.
Gun Identification Block - Identifies what gun the card belongs
to and the date it was drawn.
Weapon Symbol - Single dot for the gun and a solid arrow
extending out along the FPL or PDF.
Magnetic Orientation Line and Location Grid Coordinates - A
means for others to positively locate your gun position. The
line is drawn from a prominent terrain feature that is located
behind friendly lines. The grid coordinates are recorded next
to the dot in the machine gun symbol.
Sector Limits - Drawn as broken lines ending in arrow heads.
using an FPL only one sector limit will be drawn because one
will be the same as the FPL.
If
Grazing Fires - If an FPL is used, a heavy shaded area is drawn
along the inside of the FPL. This will indicate the limits of
grazing fire obtainable. Any dead space is shown by breaks in
the shading. Record the near and far limits of the dead space
in meters or record the range next to the ends of the shaded
areas.
121
Terrain Features - Draw only those terrain features that
significantly add to the clarity of the range card. If the
feature is drawn, draw it to the correct perspective.
Location of Friendly Troops or Equipment - Draw any friendly
positions or equipment that is either in or near the sector
limits of the machine gun.
Targets - Draw targets to perspective and label them with a
number.
The number one target will be either the FPL or the left sector
limit.
If the FPL is on the right sector limit, number all other
targets sequentially from right to left.
All other times number from left to right.
One method is to record data directly on the sketch along the
leading line to the target.
The other method is to use the data block of the card.
PQS Question 104.41 Describe the effectiveness and employment of
early warning devices and pyrotechnics
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol.
1.
Trip Flares
Booby Traps
Explosive Devices
Non-explosive Devices
Trip Flares
Used primarily to illuminate and to give warning of attacking or
infiltrating enemy troops.
Place along a likely avenue of approach and activated by the
enemy.
Normally not used in any other operation other than defensive.
Booby Traps
Can be explosive or non-explosive. Used primarily to
incapacitate, wound or kill and unsuspecting person when they
disturb a apparently harmless object.
There are improvised and manufactured
Improvised - Constructed from standard firing devices,
explosives, weapons, missiles or other materials used for other
purposes.
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Manufactured - Standard devices made at a factory. Made to look
like useful objects.(books, pipes or bottled drinks)
Explosive Devices
Booby traps laid along paths and trails to delay and frustrate
patrols and foot troops.
Most are improvised with either pressure release, pull or pull
release devices.
Grenade Trap - Setup with wire to pull pin when tripped over.
Grenade in can - Grenade in can with pin removed.
pulls grenade from can.
Mud Ball Mine - Grenade packed in mud.
grenade explodes.
Trip wire
Mud dries and cracks
Non-Explosive Devices
All are improvised with locally available material.
pressure release, pull or pull release devices.
Either
Punji Stakes - Bamboo spikes placed in the ground protruding
just enough to produce injury.
Foot Traps - Small pits combined with spike boards placed along
paths or trails.
Deadfalls - Various devices are suspended above jungle paths and
trails. Designed to fall or swing in an arc and strike victims
as they pass below.
PQS Question 104.42 Describe the tactical employment and purpose
of naval Mobile Construction Battalion weapon systems.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2.
Automatic Rifleman - M16 rifle, backbone of the defense of the
squad. Positioned first by the squad leader. The remainder of
the fire team is positioned around the automatic rifles.
Rifleman - M16 rifle, positioned so they can cover the entire
fire team sector. The position must provide support and
protection for the Automatic rifleman.
Grenadier - M203 grenade launcher, positioned to cover the dead
space in the defense.
123
M240B - Support the rifleman in the offense and defense.
Provide heavy volumes of controlled fires. Provide FPF’s.
Cover likely avenues of approach. Provide grazing fire.
M2 .50 Cal Machine Gun - Provide protection for motorized
movement. Destroy lightly armored vehicles. Defend against
low-flying hostile aircraft.
MK19 40mm Grenade Launcher - Used to provide direct and indirect
firing. Role is similar to the M60E3 and M2.
AT-4 - Used against armored personnel carriers. Can be used to
disable a battle tank (mobility kill) if struck properly
PQS Question 104.43 Describe the various rates of fire.
Rapid
Sustained
Cyclic
Reference:
FM 23-9 M16 Marksmanship.
Rapid - 150 to 200 rounds per minute
Sustained - 12 to 15 rounds per minute
Cyclic - 700 to 800 rounds per minute
PQS Question 104.44 Describe the various methods of fire.
Grazing
Plunging
Overhead
Fixed
Traversing
Searching
Combined searching and traversing
Swinging traverse
Free
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
Grazing - Not less than 1m above and no higher than 68 inches
above the ground. Can exist for 700m over level or evenly
sloping ground.
Plunging - Fire that strikes the ground from above at a
considerable level. Beaten zone is considered the danger space.
Overhead - Fire delivered over the heads of troops.
plunging fire Overhead
Usually
Fixed fire - for targets requiring only one aiming point.
Continuous as long as target remains in the zone of fire.
Searching fire - Distributed in depth by changing the elevation
of the gun. Used against deep targets, firing a burst each time
elevation changes.
124
Traversing fire - Distributed in width by changing the
horizontal direction of the gun. Firing a burst each time the
gun changes direction.
Combined Traversing & Searching - Distributed in width & depth
by changing the elevation and horizontal direction of the gun.
Swinging Traverse fire - Delivered against targets to wide to
cover the traversing hand wheel. Also used on targets moving so
rapidly across the gunner’s front they cannot maintain effective
fire using the traversing hand wheel. Cannot be fired from
bipod or vehicles.
Free gunfire - Delivered from the tripod mount against targets
requiring rapid and major changes in direction and elevation.
Can also be used from a vehicle mount when the target cannot be
covered adequately by aiming points. Cannot be fired from bipod
mount.
PQS Question 104.45 Describe the use and purpose of the
following Night Observation Devices.
AN/PVS-4 (individual)
AN/PVS-5 (crew serve)
AN/PVS-7C (night goggles)
AN/PVS-11 (pocket scope)
Reference: TM-5855-214-10, Night Vision Sight, Crew Served
Weapon
TM-11-5855-213-23&P, Night Vision Sight, Individual Weapon
TM-SW215-AK-MNO-010, Night Vision Sight, Individual Goggles
NAVSEA OP 4067, Operators Manual for AN/VPS-11, Pocket Scope
Night Vision Device
AN/PVS-4 - Individual use. Portable, battery operated, electro
- optical instrument used for observation and aimed fire of
weapons at night.
Magnification - 3.6x
Range - 400-600m (man size tgt)
AN/PVS-5 - Crew served and M16 use. Portable, battery operated,
electro - optical instrument used for observation and aimed fire
of weapons at night.
Magnification - 5.6x
Range - 1000-1200m (vehicle size tgt)
AN/PVS-7C - Hand held or head mounted night vision system that
enables walking, driving, weapon firing, short range
125
surveillance, map reading and vehicle maintenance in both
moonlight and starlight.
Range - min 9.8”
Night Vision TOA
AD
10
AE
27
CSW NIGHT VISION SIGHT
4
8
INDIVIDUAL WEAP SIGHT
4
9
NIGHT VISION POCKETSCOPE
2
8
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
126
UNIT 110 COMMON CORE
GENERAL MILITARY TACTICS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 2
Bluejacket’s Manual 21st Edition
PQS Question 110.1 State the standard issue of 782 gear.
References:
NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Fighting Load Carrying Equipment – items used to make carrying a
full load more comfortable.
-Pistol belt
-Suspenders
-Field pack
-Two ammo pouches
-Canteen cover
-Entrenching tool (E-Tool) cover
-Bayonet or K-Bar scabbard
-First aid kit
Bivouac Equipment – minimum necessities for field living
-Canteen and cup
-First aid packet
-E-Tool
-Bayonet or K-Bar
-Mess kit
-Poncho & liner
-Shelter half
Protective Equipment – provides personal protection from injury.
-Hat and mosquito net
-Helmet and liner
-Camouflage cover
Special Issue Equipment – “extra” comforts, items that are not
essential for a combat load, extra protection or comfort.
-Flak jacket
-Sleeping bag
-Sleeping mat
-Cot w/insect bar frame
-Insect bar
PQS Question 110.2 Describe the elements of the following dug-in
emplacements.
127
-Hasty/Skirmisher’s position
-Improved one man fighting position
-Improved two man fighting position
References:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Skirmisher’s (Hasty position or Skirmisher's trench):
-Shallow pit that provides limited protection while firing from
the prone position.
-Made quickly by scarping soil to build a shallow ridge, or
parapet, between the rifleman and the enemy.
-Trench is body-length.
Improved one-person fighting position:
-Made as small as possible to present smallest target to enemy.
-Constructed with a water sump, firing step, grenade sump and
parapet.
-Built as wide as the occupant’s shoulders, and as tall as the
occupant standing on the firing step.
-Provides protection from tanks passing over.
Two-person fighting position:
-Essential two, one-person positions.
-Close proximity to buddy provides security.
-Allows one to rest while the other sleeps.
-Since the position is longer than a one-person position, it
provides less protection from tanks, bombing, strafing and
shelling.
PQS Question 110.3 Explain the general rules of camouflage and
how they apply to:
-Fighting position
-Personal equipment
-Individual
-Vehicles
-Buildings
-Supply points
-Water points
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
General rules:
-Take advantage of all available natural concealment.
-Camouflage by altering the form, shadow, texture, and color of
objects.
-Camouflage against both ground and air observation.
-Camouflage is constant and continuous.
Fighting positions:
128
-Before beginning construction, note the terrain and vegetation.
The goal is to camouflage the position to this same appearance.
-Obtain material from a wide area.
-Do not use more material than needed.
-Cover excavated soil with vegetation or dump it in streams,
ravines or under bushes.
-Inspect the position from the enemy’s viewpoint.
-Vary your route to avoid making paths to the position.
Personal Equipment:
-Field uniforms and equipment are colored to blend with terrain.
Faded or shiny items need to be surveyed or darkened with paint.
-When no paint is available, use mud, charcoal, or crushed
grass.
-Alter the outline of your helmet with a cloth cover or foliage.
Individuals:
-All exposed skin, even dark skin, reflects light.
-Apply face paint sticks whenever possible, using the following
combinations.
-Loam and light green for light skinned personnel in other
than snow regions.
-Sand and dark green for dark skinned personnel in other
than snow regions.
-Loam and white for all personnel in snow regions.
Individuals applying paint:
-Paint shiny areas (forehead, cheeks, nose, chin, hands, wrists,
neck) with the darker color.
-Paint shadow areas (around eyes, under nose and chin) with the
lighter color.
-Use a buddy system to check application.
-When paint is not available, use burnt cork, charcoal or
lampblack.
Vehicles:
-If possible, park under natural cover.
-Park so the vehicle shape will disappear into natural
surroundings.
-When cut foliage is used:
-Ensure it is placed as it grows. The underside of
leaves is lighter than the top.
-Replace as soon as it begins to wither.
-Drape nets/camouflage nets
-Easily assembled and provide adequate concealment
against direct observation.
-Can be detected by photographic observation because
129
the artificial camouflage does not blend in with the
background completely.
Buildings:
-Incorporate camouflage into the design of new buildings.
-Select a site that naturally camouflages the structure.
-Build into ground to reduce the height and shadow.
-Place trees between buildings.
-Vary rooflines with wooden framework, then cover with burlap or
fine-mesh netting.
-Erect superstructures over new building to make it resemble
surrounding native buildings.
For existing structures:
-Cover with screens of garnished netting.
-Paint disruptive patterns over netting, roof and gable-end
walls.
-When the slop of a roof is greater than 30 degrees, netting
must cover the whole building.
-Paint roofs to match surrounding terrain.
Supply points:
-Pick spots with good natural overhead cover. Minimize changes
to the appearance of the terrain.
-Avoid large concentrations of materials that can be taken out
with one attack.
-Unload and disperse supplies as quickly as possible.
Supply point access roads:
-Access roads and tracks running in and out of the point can be
concealed by slinging netting between trees.
-Control traffic to avoid large convoys.
-Control debris, such as empty boxes, so it does not accumulate.
Water points:
-Must camouflage storage tanks, pumps, purification equipment
and personnel.
-Place burlap covers or foliage over shiny surfaces.
-Conceal open areas where vehicles or personnel will have to
transverse to get to a water point.
-Institute a water supply schedule to avoid a concentration of
waiting.
PQS Question 110.4 Explain cover and concealment.
References: NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.,
NAVEDTRA 12004 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 2.
130
Cover:
-Protection from enemy fire.
-A hill is natural cover.
-A parapet is artificial cover.
Concealment:
-Protection from observation.
-Bushes, grass and shadows are natural concealment.
-Burlap, tents, or nets are artificial concealment.
PQS Question 110.5 State what action should be taken if you are
caught in the light of a ground flare and overhead fire.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Overhead flare:
When an overhead flare goes off, immediately seek cover as low
as possible and do not move until the light burns out.
Ground flare:
Move quickly and quietly out of the light.
PQS Question 110.6 Describe the military aspects of terrain as
it applies to a defensive force.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 2.
Various combinations of weather and topography giver certain
qualities to an area. These qualities, known as the military
ASPECTS OF TERRAIN, must be closely evaluated by each unit
leader.
Reconnaissance:
Physical reconnaissance is most reliable, but additional
resources include:
-Aerial reconnaissance and photographs
-Maps of the area
-Terrain models provided by higher authority
-Intelligence reports
-Patrolling
-Friendly natives, undercover agents, or captured prisoners
Use the acronym KOCOA to remember aspects:
K – key terrain features
O – observation and fields of fire
131
C – cover and concealment
O – obstacles
A – avenues of approach
K – Key terrain features
-Any area that provides a marked advantage over the enemy
-Terrain that provides superior observation and fields of fire
-Obstacles that could prevent enemy movement, such as possession
of roads, bridges and rivers
-Terrain needed for future operations, such as an airfield.
O – Observation and fields of fire
Observation is key to:
-Deliver effective fire on enemy.
-Control troop maneuvers.
-Prevent surprise by enemy.
Fields of fire are areas where weapons can be fired effectively
upon the enemy. They need to extend the range of the weapon
employed. If clearing is necessary, ensure fire lanes do not
disclose the defensive position.
C – Cover and concealment
Apply principals previously discussed to guard position.
O – Obstacles
-Obstructions used to stop or disrupt enemy movement.
-Natural obstacles are rivers, mountains, lakes, etc.
-Artificial obstacles include mine fields, barbed wire,
trenches, etc.
A – Avenues of approach
-Suitable route of movement to an objective.
-Often the weak spots in a defense.
-Must be effectively covered with weapons fire and barricades.
-May be used by the defending force to launch a counterattack.
PQS Question 110.7 Explain the procedures to orient a map
utilizing a lensatic compass.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
With a compass rose (picture of compass card):
-Place map on a flat surface.
-Place an open lensatic compass on the map’s compass rose with
the sighting wire lying directly over the map’s magnetic north
line.
132
-Turn the map and compass together until the north arrow of the
compass is aligned with the index line of the compass.
-The map is now oriented.
PQS Question 110.8 State the five basic colors used and how they
are applied to a military map.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Black: man-made features and cultural areas.
Blue: water features such as lakes and rivers.
Green: vegetation.
Brown: all relief features such as contour lines.
Red: main roads, built up areas and special features, enemy
positions.
PQS Question 110.9 Describe the grid system utilized on all
military maps.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003 Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Military grid system provides a uniform system for referencing
and making measurements. Grids are two sets of equally spaced,
parallel, straight lines intersecting at right angles, forming a
series of squares. Each grid line is a unit of measure, permits
linear and angular measurement. Grids are drawn over a
geographic projection.
Reading a Grid Square:
-Each grid line is labeled on the edge by two digit numbers
called principle digits.
-A grid square is identified by the two sets of principle digits
that compose the square.
-The rule for reading grids is read right first and then up.
Use a coordinate scale or protractor, to get a grid coordinate
of a point not on a grid square.
-Ensure the map scale and coordinate scale match.
-Place the zero-zero point of the scale at the lower left corner
of the grid square.
-Keeping the horizontal line of the scale on top of the bottom
horizontal grid line, slide it to the right until the vertical
line of the scale touches the point being measured.
-Read the coordinates RIGHT and UP and add them after the
respective set of principle digits.
133
Scales:
Graphic scale – tells the size of each grid. Found in the
legend printed on the map.
Ration scale – A comparison between map distance and ground
distance.
PQS Question 110.10 Describe the use and care of the following.
Topographic map, lensatic compass
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Topographic maps portray terrain and landforms in a measurable
form as well as the horizontal positions of the features
represented. Vertical positions, or relief, are normally
represented by contours.
Care of topographic maps:
-Fold the map properly
-Carry in a waterproof bag
-Use light lines when marking
Lensatic compass:
Defining and azimuth:
-Compasses are used to describe direction.
-The most common military method of describing direction is
through azimuths.
-An azimuth is a horizontal angle, measured in a clockwise
manner from a north base line.
Azimuth
-Azimuths are described in terms of degrees or mils.
-One circle has 360 degrees or 6400 mils.
134
Use center hold method:
-Open the cover of the compass so it forms a straight edge with
the compass base.
-Pull the eyepiece as far to the rear as possible, perpendicular
to the compass base.
-Align the slot in the eyepiece with the hairline sighting wire
in the cover and with the target.
-Read the azimuth by glancing down at the dial through the lens.
Use compass to check method
-Extend your other index finger along the other straight line.
-Pull your elbows firmly into your side, place the compass
between your chin and belt.
-Turn your whole body until the compass is pointing at the
object of which you are taking the reading.
-Look down to read the azimuth.
Night method:
Compass features for night use:
-Luminous markings.
-Bezel ring-three degrees or 53 1/3 mils per click.
Using the bezel ring
-Set the azimuth before it gets dark.
-Turning the ring to the left increases the azimuth.
-Left decreases the azimuth.
135
Use night method to shoot an azimuth:
-Rotate the bezel until the luminous line is over the black
index line.
-Since each bezel click is three degrees, divide the desired
azimuth by three to get the number of clicks needed.
-For an azimuth of 60 degrees, divide by 3 to get 20 bezel ring
clicks (60 degrees/3=20 clicks).
-Turn the ring that many clicks.
-Continuing this example, turn the ring 20 clicks left.
Night Method
-Using the center hold method, turn your body and the compass
until the north arrow is directly under the luminous line on the
bezel ring.
-You are facing the direction of the desired azimuth.
Bypassing an obstacle – Box method
-To bypass enemy positions or obstacles and still stay oriented,
detour around the obstacle by moving at right angles for equal
distances.
Care:
-Use non-permanent markers when possible. Hand the compass with
care.
-The dial is set at a delicate balance and shock could damage
it.
-Close and return the compass to its case when not in use.
-Never take readings near metal or communications gear.
PQS Question 110.11 Describe the five paragraph order
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
The five paragraph order is a succinct way of stating concept of
operations and orders to subordinates.
Remember the acronym SMEAC:
136
S
M
E
A
C
–
–
–
–
–
Situation
Mission
Execution
Administration and Logistics
Command and Signal
Situation:
Divided into three sections –
1. Enemy forces: Size, location, capabilities and recent
activity
2. Friendly forces: Mission of higher, supporting and adjacent
units (HAS). Identify who is providing security.
3. Attachments: Types and size of attachments. Time they
attach.
Mission:
-States mission in clear and concise statements.
-Mission is unit specific – what we are to accomplish.
Execution:
-Assigns definite tasks to each element of the command, organic
or attached, that contributes to carrying out the whole mission.
-No restrictions are set on the number of paragraphs, although
information is typically divided into three areas:
1) Concept of Operations (COA): brief summary of the tactical
plan the unit is to execute.
2) Tasks: Tasks or missions, for each unit, to include the
reserve if applicable. If this is a squad leader’s SMEAC,
each fire team would be tasked in this section.
3) Coordinating instructions: Actions upon contact, MOPP
level, route, etc…
Administration and logistics:
-Addresses all administrative, supply, or transportation
concerns.
-Beans – distribution of food
-Bullets – quantity of ammo and resupply info
-Band aids – location of corpsmen, MEDEVAC plan
-Bad guys – POW handling instructions
Command and Signal:
-Chain of command and communications information given in two
parts:
1) Communications instructions – typically an annex of
standard reports, but also includes passwords and
countersigns, radio call signals, frequencies, etc…
137
2) Chain of Command – gives precedence of command and location
of command posts.
PQS Question 110.12 Define the following reports:
Spot
Salute and
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.,
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 2.
SALUTE (Initial SPOT report)
-initial report of enemy activity.
-Used when enemy is spotted but not engaged or when a fire
fight first breaks out.
S
A
L
U
T
E
–
–
–
–
–
–
Size of the enemy unit
Activity of the enemy
Location of the enemy unit
Uniform worn by the enemy
Time of each activity noted
Equipment used or carried by the enemy
SPOT report
-Detailed report of an enemy engagement.
-Always follow a SALUTE up with a SPOT report after engagement
has ended.
SPOT report includes:
-All information included in SALUTE.
-Friendly and enemy KIA or WIA.
-POW’s and enemy equipment captured.
PQS Question 110.13 Describe the purpose of a security and
reconnaissance patrol.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Security patrols:
-Provide physical security.
Reconnaissance patrols:
Defensive technique used to:
-Detect enemy movement toward the unit’s position.
-Locate or observe an enemy position.
-Discover enemy avenues of approach.
PQS Question 110.14 State the twelve steps of patrol planning
and preparation steps.
138
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Patrol leaders use 12 steps to plan a patrol:
-Study the mission.
-Plan use of time (backwards planning)
-Study the terrain and situation.
-Organize the patrol.
-Select personnel, weapons, and equipment.
-Issue the warning order.
-Coordinate (use HAS).
-Make reconnaissance.
-Complete detailed plans.
-Issue patrol order.
-Supervise, inspect, rehearse, and reinspect.
-Execute the mission.
PQS Question 110.15 Describe the priorities of establishing a
defense.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 2.
Commander’s intent dictates the priorities.
defensive principals of war (SSUM):
-Surprise.
-Security.
-Unity of Command.
-Mass.
Considers four
Applies these to the unit’s mission and situation to develop
priorities. In general, priorities follow the acronym SAFE.
S – Security
A – Place automatic and crew served weapons
F – Clear fields of fire
E – Emplacements, dig fighting positions.
PQS Question 110.16 Describe the three echelons of a defense.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 2.
Forward Defense Area (FDA)
Area where frontline defensive positions are dug.
Security Area
-Area in front of FDA.
-Security patrols this area.
-Listening/observation posts are placed here.
139
Reserve Area
-Area behind FDA that reserve forces occupy.
PQS Question 110.17 Define the following.
-Call for fire for indirect weapon support.
-Fire commands for direct weapon support.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Call for fire (Indirect):
Request for indirect fire, as in mortars or artillery support is
termed “call for fire”.
-Observer requesting support calls into FDC, Fire Direction
Control.
-FDC plots the request on a firing board and transposes the
information into firing data.
-FDC announces this data to the mortar crew as fire commands.
There
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
are six elements of a call for fire:
Observer identification
Warning order
Target location
Target description
Method of engagement
Method of fire and control
Assigning direct fire:
Fire commands:
-Instructions used to direct and control the fire of a squad.
-Used when a squad leader decides to fire on a target.
-Use the acronym ADDRAC.
A – Alert. Alert the unit that a command is coming.
D – Direction – Indicates target’s location.
D – Description – Very brief description of target.
R – Range. Range to target to be engaged.
A – Assignment. Who is to fire on target.
C – Control. Fire control, give the signal to open
fire.
PQS Question 110.18 Describe three combat positions on an
individual fire plan sketch.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 2.
Fire plan sketches have three combat positions:
140
Primary firing position
-Backbone of the defense, receives the full force of the enemy’s
attack.
Alternate firing position
-Fall back position used if the primary position is in danger of
being overrun.
-Should have same sector of fire as the primary.
Supplementary firing position
-Sector of fire covers the flank or rear.
PQS Question 110.19 Describe sectors of fire and fire
discipline.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 2.
Platoon Fire Plan Sketch
Sectors of fire:
Areas assigned to an individual, unit or crew-served weapon to
defend.
-Pie shaped section with edges called lateral limits.
141
-Lateral limits extend from the firing position to an easily
identifiable terrain feature.
-Two stakes are placed near the firing position to indicate
lateral limits during darkness.
-Sectors of fire interlock to ensure mutual support by adjacent
units.
Sector of Fire
142
Fire discipline:
The ability to efficiently apply fire on a target.
Dependent on the ability of the leader and the discipline and
control of the crew. Includes:
-The ability to select and designate targets
-Preserve element of surprise by opening fire at the desired
moment only.
-Regulate the rate of fire.
-Shift from one target to another.
-Adjust and cease fire.
PQS Question 110.20 Describe the duties and responsibilities of
the following members of a squad.
-Squad Leader
-Grenadier
-Fire Team Leader
-Automatic Rifleman
-Rifleman #1
-Rifleman #2
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
A Squad is composed of 14 people:
1
1
3
3
3
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
Squad Leader
Grenadier
Fire Team Leaders
Automatic Rifleman
Rifleman #1
Rifleman #2
Squad Leader:
First Class Petty Officer with an M16, but only fires I critical
situations. Responsible for the training, appearance,
discipline and readiness of the squad. Controls fire
discipline, fire control, and maneuvering.
Grenadier:
Third Class Petty Officer armed with an M203.
Responsible for the employment and care of the M203.
close to the squad leader in combat.
Remains
Fire Team Leader:
Second Class Petty Officer with an M16, but only fires in
critical situations. Leads and controls fire team. Acts as the
assistant squad leader.
Automatic Rifleman
143
Third Class Petty Officer with a fully automatic M16. Backbone
of the fire team, providing heavy fire power. Acts as the
assistant fire team leader.
Rifleman #1
E-3 with an M16 whose primary duty is to carry extra ammo for
the automatic rifleman. Protects flank and acts as a scout.
Takes control of the automatic rifle if automatic rifleman
becomes a casualty.
Rifleman #2
E-3 or E-2 with an M16. Acts as point man and occasionally a
scout. Protects the flank of the fire team.
PQS Question 110.21 Describe an individual’s responsibilities
under the Code of Conduct.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
There are six articles of the Code of Conduct.
Article I: I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard
my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life
in their defense.
Article II: I will never surrender of my own free will. If in
command, I will never surrender the members of my command while
they still have the means to resist.
Article III: If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all
means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid
others to escape.
Article IV: If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith
with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take
part in any action which may be harmful to my comrades. If I am
senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful
orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every
way.
Article V: When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war,
I am required to give my name, rank, service number and date of
birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost
of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements
disloyal to my country and its Allies or harmful to their cause.
144
Article VI: I will never
for freedom, responsible
principles which made my
and the United States of
forget that I am an American, fighting
for my actions, and dedicated to the
country free. I will trust in my God
America.
PQS Question 110.22 Describe the procedures for handling
detainees/EPW.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Detainees/Enemy POW are potentially a valuable source of
information. Remember the 5 S’s in handling EPW’s.
S – Search for weapons and documents.
S – Secure. Ensure escape is impossible.
S – Silence. Do not allow EPW’s to talk to each other.
S – Segregate into groups by rank, gender, and status (deserter,
civilian, etc…)
S – Speed. Timely delivery of information obtained from EPW’s
is essential.
PQS Question 110.23 Describe circumstances when deadly force
would normally be authorized.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Deadly force is only used as a last resort! It is authorized
under the following conditions:
-Self defense or defense of others when lesser means will not
work.
-Defense of property vital to national security.
-Defense of property dangerous to others (weapons, ammo, etc…).
-To prevent the escape of a prisoner likely to cause death or
serious bodily injury to another.
PQS Question 110.24 State the eleven general orders of a sentry.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
1. To take charge of this post and all government property in
view.
2. To walk my post in a military manner keeping always on the
alert and observing everything that takes place within
sight or hearing.
3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed to
enforce.
145
4. To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the
guardhouse than my own.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey and pass on to the sentry who relieves me
all orders from the commanding officer, officer of the day,
and officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard
only.
7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.
8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.
9. To call the corporal of the guard in any case not covered
by instructions.
10.To salute all officers and all colors and standards not
cased.
11.To be especially watchful at night, and during the time of
challenging, to challenge all persons on or near my post
and to allow no one to pass without proper authority.
PQS Question 110.25 Describe the three classes of wire
entanglements.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Tactical Wire XXXXXXXX
-Used to hamper enemy aggression.
defensive line.
Placed along the front of the
Protective Wire X-X-X-X
-Prevents close surprise attacks. Placed around each fighting
position at hand grenade range (131-328 feet).
Supplementary Wire XX=XX=XX
-Placed to conceal the exact line of the tactical wire.
PQS Question 110.26 State the purpose of the following:
-Triple standard concertina fence
-Double-apron fence
-Low wire entanglement (tangle-foot)
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Triple Strand Concertina
-Consists of two lines of concertina serving as the base, with
the third resting on top. On average, a platoon can place a 984
foot section in an hour.
Two types:
146
Double Apron - 4 and 2 pace fence, which is more common and more
effective, and 6 and 3 pace fence. A 984 foot section usually
requires 1 ½ hours for a platoon to complete.
Low Wire Entanglement – A 4 and 2 pace double apron fence
constructed with medium pickets instead of long pickets in the
fence center line. Used when concealment of the barrier is
essential.
PQS Question 110.27 Describe the following actions when isolated
in an enemy area.
-Evasion
-Survival
-Escape
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Evasion:
Know the enemy’s location. Look for signs of group movement,
such as crushed grass, cigarette butts, footprints, broken
branches, etc… Look for workers in field, indicates not
immediate threat. Absence of children in a village, indicative
of pending action. Absence of young men in a village, may mean
the village is under enemy control.
Evasion travel tips:
-Be patient, cautious and avoid overconfidence.
-Conserve strength by avoiding exhaustion.
-Retain items of identification such as dog tags. If captured
without them, you may be treated as a spy.
-Use firearms only in an emergency.
-Avoid people as long as possible.
-When you approach friendly lines, make sure you identify
yourself as friendly.
Survival:
S – Size up the situation
U – Undue haste makes waste
R – Remember where you are
V – Vanquish fear and panic
I – Improvise
V – Value living
A – Act like the natives
L – Learn the basics skills
Escape:
147
If you are captured, try and escape as soon as possible. Your
physical condition will be at its best. Fall back on the Code
of Conduct.
PQS Question 110.28 Describe the following basic fire team
formations.
-Column, Wedge, Skirmishers, Echelon
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Column:
Used when speed and control are governing factors. Favorable
for fire and maneuver to either flank. Vulnerable to fire from
the front because its own fire in that direction is limited.
148
Wedge:
Used when enemy contact is possible, but not certain. Provides
all around protection, flexibility and is easy to control.
Echelon Right or Left:
Used primarily to protect an exposed flank. Permits heavy
firepower to the front and the direction of the echelon. Hard
formation to control and slow moving.
Skirmisher’s Right or Left:
Used when assaulting a known enemy position. Because the fire
teams are in line, it provides maximum fire power to the front.
Hard formation to control.
PQS Question 110.29 Describe the fundamentals of a successful
ambush.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Surprise attack from a concealed position upon a moving or
temporarily halted target. Success is contingent upon:
-Early warning of target approach.
-Holding fire until target is in the kill zone.
-Open fire at proper time.
-Lifting or shifting supporting fires.
-Initiation of the correct actions if the ambush is compromised.
-Timely and orderly withdrawal from ambush site.
PQS Question 110.30 Describe ambush defense and action on
contact.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Training is the best defense. Continually train on immediate
action drills to ensure prompt response. The enemy is expecting
to create chaos with an ambush, taking immediate action will
surprise the enemy and give the unit a better chance at
survival. Intelligence reports can help predict an ambush.
Immediate Action Near Ambush:
Withdrawal from a near ambush is unlikely, so it is critical to
return fire immediately and drive through. The enemy may not
expect a quick and decisive response.
Immediate Action Far Ambush:
149
Take cover and withdraw orderly. Immediately drop and return
fire. Unit commander organizes withdrawal with constant cover
fire.
Immediate action for convoys caught in ambush:
Passengers return fire immediately. Driver does not stop in the
kill zone but drives through. Once clear of the kill zone,
vehicle halts and occupants dismount to take offensive action.
Vehicles in the rear approaching kill zone halt, debark, and
take immediate action. Passengers in HARDENED vehicles return
fire from inside the protective vehicle. Passengers in SOFT
vehicles immediately dismount, take cover, and return fire. If
no cover is available, unit commander leads them to an immediate
frontal assault.
PQS Question 110.31 Describe countersigns.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1.
Challenge and Password:
Sentry’s duties.
-As someone approaches, sentry calls “Halt, who goes there?”
-Reply with name and company: “CE1 Spark, B-Co.”
-Sentry: “Advance and recognized.”
Countersigns:
Sentry keeps person distant enough to effectively cover him, but
close enough to recognize him.
Person passes if recognized.
If not recognized, sentry offers countersigns.
Always disguise countersigns in a sentence and speak in a low
voice.
Example: Snowflake and rooster…
Sentry: “I haven’t seen a snowflake since I was a my red house
last year.”
Reply: “I passed a cow and rooster loose back there.”
Person has been successfully challenged and would be allowed to
pass.
150
UNIT 111 COMMON CORE
CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
NAVFAC P-437, Planning Guide for Navy Facilities, Vol. 1
COMCBPAC/COMCBLANTINST 11014.2, Maintenance Management Program
for Naval Construction Force (NCF) Camps
PQS Question 111.1 Explain fundamentals of a tent camp layout in
relation to the following:
-Latrines from messing facilities
-Latrines from water supplies
-Garbage pits from water supplies
-Garbage pits from messing facilities
Reference: NAVFAC P-437, Planning Guide for Navy Facilities,
Volume 1.
Tent Camp Layout:
Tactical Considerations:
-Sufficient space for command dispersion.
-Concealment from ground and air observation.
-Protection from bombing and strafing attacks.
-Protection from mechanized attacks.
Sanitary Considerations:
-Water supply
-Drainage
-Shade
-Access
-Site not occupied by other units in last two months
-It is unlikely that there will be a waterborne sewage system
available for use. The usual alternative is a latrine.
Latrines must be 100 yards from the nearest natural water source
and food service areas. The site should be reasonably near the
user, but 50 feet from sleeping areas.
Garbage pits: Garbage is the solid or semisolid wet and dry
wastes resulting from the preparation, cooking, and serving of
food. Garbage has to be removed from the mess area before it
causes bad odors or attracts rats and flies.
The common method of garbage disposal is burial in a garbage
pit. A garbage pit should be a 4-foot square pit that is 4-foot
deep. It will service 100 people for one day. Garbage pits
must be at least 100 yards away from water supplies and 30 yards
from messing facilities.
151
PQS Question 111.2 Explain the purpose of leach fields.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12532 Utilitiesman 3.
Leach fields are an important part of a septic tank individual
sewage disposal system. Used to dispose sewage and gray water
into the ground. Constructed of 4 to 6 inch perforated pipe
laid out in a herringbone patter or with the laterals at right
angles to the mail distribution pipe.
PQS Question 111.3 Describe the following as it pertains to camp
maintenance.
Trouble desk, three types of work, operators log & inspections
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12532 Utilitiesman 3.
Trouble desk:
The purpose of the camp maintenance desk is to receive all
customer service calls. The trouble desk coordinates the
maintenance calls and tasks with people who provide the
maintenance service. The trouble desk attendant enters all
customer trouble calls into the trouble desk log and fills out
Emergency Service Authorization (ESA) forms.
Emergency/Service work
All work requiring immediate action or any minor work requiring
less than 16 man-hours and $100 in material costs is classified
as emergency/service work.
Specific Job Orders (SJO’s)
Orders are written to cover work for which individual job costs
are desired. Specific Job Orders take more than 16 man-hours to
complete.
Standing Job Orders
Standing Job Orders are large repetitive jobs that require over
40 man-hours to complete.
Operators log:
Daily operating logs are kept on some equipment. The main
purpose for using operating logs is to continuously record data
on equipment performance.
Inspections:
The key to a successful Preventative Maintenance (PM) Program is
a systematic, continuous inspection program.
152
Control inspections - a control inspection reviews all camp
facilities to determine the maintenance required during a
deployment to preserve or improve the condition of the camp
structures and property.
Annual Inspection Summary – The AIS report documents
deficiencies in camp facilities. AIS reports are produced
annually.
Operator inspections – Performed by the operator assigned to the
equipment. Part of the operator’s day-to-day responsibilities.
PQS Question 111.4 Describe the following: Potable water, Nonpotable water, chlorination, super-chlorination.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10662, Utilitiesman 2
Potable water – Water that does not contain pollution,
contamination, or infective agents and is considered
satisfactory for drinking.
Non-Potable water – Water that may contain objectionable, or
infective agents and is considered unsafe and/or unpalatable for
drinking.
Chlorination – The most common method of disinfecting potable
water. Water from systems where sanitary, physical, operating
defects or other special hazards are known to exist must be
chlorinated to specified bacterial levels. Residual of at least
2.0 parts per million.
Super-Chlorination – The application of chlorine in dosages far
in excess of the chlorine demand for disinfecting. Superchlorination is accomplished by chlorinating the water in a
container or distribution system to at least 100 parts per
million (ppm).
PQS Question 111.5 Describe the three parts of the Advanced Base
Functional Components (ABFC) system and explain their
relationships.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force 1 & C
ABFC – The Navy Advanced Base Functional Component (ABFC) system
is a method of planning, procuring, assembling, and shipping
material and personnel needed to satisfy facility support
requirements.
153
Volume 1 consists of Plans and drawings.
Volume 2 consists of:
Part 1, Components
A component is defined as a grouping of personnel and material
that has a specific function or mission at an advanced base.
Example: An NMCB is a component.
Part 2, Facilities
Lists and describes by assembly number the assembly requirement
for each facility. Example: 250 man tent camp
Part 3, Assemblies
Lists line-item requirements by National Stock Number (NSN) for
each assembly. Example: Tent 16X32
154
UNIT 106 NMCB
CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS
References:
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3300.1, Rapid Runway Repair
NAVFAC P-437, Planning Guide for Navy Facilities, Vol. 1
NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 &C
COMCBPAC/COMCBLANTINST 11014.2, Maintenance Management Program
for Naval Construction Force (NCF) Camps
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3, Seabee Supply Manual
NAVEDTRA 10636-J, Construction Electrician 3 & 2
FM 5-277, Bailey Bridge
TM-08676A-10/1, Medium Girder Bridge, Marine Corps
PQS Question 106.1 Explain the procedures for Rapid Runway
Repair (RRR)
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3300.1, Rapid Runway
Repair
Establish Command Center
Establish Damage assessment teams
Establish communications network
Survey Area
Make Repairs
PQS Question 106.2 State how many members are to be trained at
a battalion level to satisfy the requirements of (RRR)
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3300.1, Rapid Runway
Repair Required Training
46 personnel E-6 and below RRR level I trained
20 personnel E-5 and above RRR Level II trained
6 personnel E-6 and below Crete mobile trained (FOD cover
crewleaders)
PQS Question 106.3 Describe the duties and responsibilities of
a damage assessment team and state what type of equipment is
necessary to perform their mission under Battle Damage Repair
(BDR/RRR)
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3300.1, Rapid Runway
Repair
155
The damage assessment team is responsible for the recording,
marking and reporting of all conditions on the taxiway, parking
apron, fueling station, and any other collateral damage
encountered.
All damage and types of hazards are reported and plotted.
Damage assessment kit:
Marking tape
Non-metallic tape measures
EOR forms
Maps (scale 1” = 100’)
Station
Airfield
PQS Question 106.4 Explain the fundamentals of a typical
battalion tent camp layout.
Reference: NAVFAC P-437, Planning Guide for Navy Facilities,
Vol. 1
Tactical
Sufficient space for command dispersion
Concealment from ground and air observation
Protection from bombing and strafing attacks
Protection from mechanized attack
Sanitary
Water supply
Drainage
Shade
Access
Site not occupied by other units in last two months
PQS Question 106.5 Describe the information found on a Level II.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 &C
Used by company CDRs, Ops
Project specific
By master activity
Bi-weekly bar chart
Quick view of project progress
Planned progress verses actual progress curve
Sitrep input to S3 biweekly
156
Sitrep input to brigade
monthly
Project #_____________
TITLE Admin Building
ACT# Master Activity
MDS WT%
10 Sitework
19
4
20
U/S Utilities
30
7
30
Foundation/Slab
35
8
40
Walls/Canopy
115
27
50
Roof
41
9
60
Rough Utilities
29
7
70
Exterior Finish
48
11
80
Interior Finish
105
24
90
Finish Utilities
12
3
Total
434 100
MD's Scheduled this Period
Cumulative Man-days Scheduled
% Complete Scheduled (Plot)
MD's Expended This Period
% Man-days Expended
% Work-in-Place (Plot)
4
MAY
11 18
10
8
TOTAL MAN-DAY ESTIMATE 434 TASKED MAN-DAYS 434
JUNE
JULY
AUG
25
1
8 15 22 29
6 13 20 27
3 10 17
9
8
13
5
10
4
14
15
16
24 31
7
100
9
90
5
3
80
25
29
10
2
23
4
18
60
10
4
70
4
6
20
13
3
3
10
16
1
7
14
20
50
13
40
34
4
30
3
9
20
10
46
46
11
66
112
26
62
174
40
48
222
51
62
284
65
63
347
80
61
408
94
26
434
100
PQS Question 106.6 Describe a typical Level I and how it is
generated and updated.
A Level I schedule lists all of the projects assigned and
contains a broad schedule for each project. The schedule also
includes a planned rate of accomplishment for the entire
deployment.
After the operations officer has balanced the estimated workload
against the battalion’s manpower skills and equipment the Level
I is submitted through the chain of command up to the Commanding
Officer.
The level I is updated by the Operations Officer.
PQS Question 106.7 Describe the information found on a Level
III.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 &C
The following information is found on a Level III barchart.
Construction Activities
Start, finish and duration of each construction activity
Critical activities
Free Float
157
PQS Question 106.8 State the purpose of the quality control and
the project safety plans contained in the project package.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 &C
The purpose of the Quality Control Plan
Provide customer satisfaction with a product that fulfills the
requirement for which it was intended
Provide quality construction requiring no rework
Provide craftsperson accountability for quality construction,
and economical use of material within the Naval Construction
Force.
The safety plan lists the hazards and corrective action to be
taken from the back of the CAS sheets.
The crew leader must ensure that the crew is properly trained
and aware of all safety conditions present.
PQS Question 106.9 Describe the duties and responsibilities of
the Material Liaison Officer (MLO) within the battalion
organization.
Reference:
Manual
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3, Seabee Supply
The MLO Officer is responsible for procuring, receiving,
stowing, issuing, shipping, transferring, and accounting for all
construction project material.
He/She is also responsible for maintaining related inventory,
accountability, financial records, and files dealing with supply
matters.
PQS Question 106.10 Explain the procedures for receipt and
storage of project material within the MLO office.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3, Seabee Supply
Manual
When materials are received, they are separated either by the
requisition serial number or by the supplementary address.
The material is then distributed to the various outlets.
Construction material must be protected from the weather, job
site damage and theft.
Only material that can be used during a 2-week period may be
requisitioned from MLO.
158
PQS Question 106.11 Describe the procedures for issuing project
material from the MLO office.
Reference:
Manual
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3, Seabee Supply
All materiel is requisitioned from the MLO on a 1250-1.
Personnel must give the MLO the 1250s in advance so the MLO can
process the paperwork, draw the material out of storage, and
prepare it for pick-up or delivery to the job site.
PQS Question 106.12 Describe the importance in attaining and
maintaining complete and accurate Construction Activity Summary
Sheets (CASS) for proper project management.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 4400.3, Seabee Supply
Manual
Properly filled out CAS sheets will enable someone else to take
over the job in your absence.
The CAS sheets should contain all your notes, information, and
calculations pertaining to man-days, duration's, tools, and
equipment.
PQS Question 106.13 Describe the purpose of the trouble desk as
it relates to camp maintenance.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 &C
Trouble Desk attendant receives all customer trouble calls,
enters this information into the trouble desk log and fills out
emergency/service authorization forms.
Trouble desk attendant makes sure that ESA forms are properly
routed and that outstanding ESA’s are completed within the
required deadlines.
PQS Question 106.14 Describe the three types of inspections
performed on camp facilities/equipment.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12543, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1 &C
Inspections
Controlled inspections
159
Operator inspections
PM inspections
Control Inspections - A control inspection reviews all camp
facilities to determine the maintenance required during a
deployment to preserve or improve the condition of the camp
structures and property.
It is the foundation for the camp maintenance program and
workload.
A control inspection is conducted within the first 30 days of a
deployment.
Annual Inspection Summary – The AIS report documents
deficiencies in camp facilities.
AIS reports are produced annually.
Validating deficiencies and costs is important to justify the money
to support the proper maintenance and repair of camp facilities.
Operator Inspections –consist of examining and making minor
adjustments.
Are performed by the operator assigned to the equipment.
Are part of the operator's day-to-day responsibilities.
These inspections occur before, during, and after operation of
the equipment.
Operator inspection of constantly used equipment is another form
of PM.
PQS Question 106.16 State the purpose of maintaining operator
logs for camp equipment.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10636-J, Construction Electrician 3 & 2
Operators Log
Daily operating logs are kept on some Equipment. The main
purpose for using operating logs is to continuously record data
on equipment performance
PQS Question 106.17 State the purpose of ground rods when use
with portable electrical distribution systems.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10636-J,
Construction Electrician 3 & 2
Ground Rods
160
Grounding protects human life, the generator, and the
distribution system
Provides a path for electrical current to earth
PQS Question 106.18 State the purpose of generator sheltering.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10636-J, Construction Electrician 3 & 2
Generator sheltering protects and prolongs the life of advancebase portable generators
Protects the equipment from rain, wind, and other adverse
conditions
Good for noise discipline during contingency operations
PQS Question 106.19 Describe the following transportable
bridges.
Bailey
Medium Girder
Reference: FM 5-277, Bailey Bridge and
TM-08676A-10/1, Medium Girder Bridge, Marine Corps
BAILEY
Through-type metal truss bridge with heavy timber decking,
roadway carried between two main girders.
Highly mobile and versatile bridge, can span a variety of gaps
Transported in 5-ton dump & 40 ton trailer
Quickly assembled by manpower, 30-40 personnel
12’-6” wide, can span up to 210’
161
Configurations:
Single / Single bridge, 100’
Double / Single bridge 140’
Double / Double bridge 180’
Launched and de-launched via roller system
Additional bays are added to counter balance during launching
and de-launching
Components:
Truss panel - form girder, 5’ x 10’ panel
Transom - main support, 10” x 20’ flange beam
Stringer - 10’ steel beams
Chess - 2” x 8” x 14’ wood decking
Rollers - launching & de-launching
Bearing & base plates
Ramps
Various pins, clamps, braces, tie plates, bolts, jacks, and
carrying bars and tongs
MEDIUM GIRDER
MGB is a two girder deck bridge
Launched and de-launched via roller system and 5 ton dump.
Three types of MGB’s
Single story MGB
Double story MGB
Linked reinforced MGB
162
Transported to site via 5 ton dump & 40 ton trailer
Crew size 24 to 32 personnel
Bridge is formed with 2 main girders from a number of panels
pinned together.
Roadway is formed by hanging deck units between girders and
connecting ramps at each end
13’-2” wide bridge
Used for light vehicle loads
163
UNIT 112 COMMON CORE
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL & RADIOLOGICAL WARFARE
References: NAVEDTRA 12043, Basic Military Requirements
NAVEDTRA 10572, Damage and Controlman 3&2
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 2
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol 1
FM 3-5, NBC Decontamination
FM 3-100, NBC Operations
FM 3-3, Chemical and Biological Contamination Avoidance
TO14P4-15-1, Chemical Biological Mask Type MCU-2P
Chemical Warfare
The United States will not use chemical agents as a first strike
attack. However, the President can authorize the use of
chemical agents in retaliation to an attack with chemical
weapons.
Biological Warfare
The U.S. will not use biological agents, including toxins,
regardless of source or manner of production for any reason.
The U.S. will limit its research program to defensive measures,
such as production of vaccines, antidotes, treatment, and
protective equipment.
PQS Question 112.1 Explain the following:
–Chemical Warfare
–Biological Warfare
–Radiological Warfare
–Routes by which agents enter the body.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12043, Basic Military Requirements
Chemical Warfare
Delivery of Chemical Weapons
Bursting Type:
–Ground Burst
–Air Burst
Spray
164
-Thermal
Chemical Warfare
-Produces physiological and psychological effect
-Used in solid, liquid, and vapor form
-Causes casualties
-Degrades performance
-Disrupts support
-Restricts maneuvers
-Chemical agents are used to produce death, injury, temporary
incapacitation, or irritating effects.
Three types of antipersonnel agents
–Casualty(nerve, blister, choking, blood)
–Incapacitating(symptoms vary)
–Harassing(tear and vomiting gases)
Biological Warfare
The intentional release of living organisms or substances
produced by living organisms to cause Death or Disease
Biological Warfare
-Biological operations use living organisms to cause disease or
death.
-Cause diseases such as typhoid fever, cholera, and influenza.
Radiological Warfare
-The employment of nuclear weapons to Destroy Property and
Personnel
-Nuclear weapons produce explosions of great force and heat and
release nuclear radiation. Their primary purpose is the mass
destruction of property and personnel.
CBR Warfare
165
Routes by which agents enter the body
–
Skin
–
Through secondary means such as water and food
–
Eyes and linings of the mouth and nose
PQS Question 112.2 Describe the purpose of the following:
–MC40A1 Mask
–Chemical protective over garment
–Wet-weather clothing
–Atropine/2pam chloride auto injector
–Pocket dosimeter
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12043, Basic Military Requirements
MC40A1
-Protects face, eyes, nose, throat and lungs from CBR agents or
contamination
-Offers no protection against carbon monoxide or ammonia
-Filters the air removing particles of dust that may be
radioactive or otherwise contaminated
-Purifies the air of many poisonous gases.
MC40A1
166
Protective Equipment
-Chemical Protective Ensemble/JSLIST
-Individual protective action should be an immediate concern
when personnel are under chemical, biological, and radiological
attack
-The Saratoga and JSLIST suit are a camouflage over garment
consisting of a coat and trousers. Normally worn over uniform,
in high temps, may be wore over undergarments.
-Can be worn for 45 consecutive days and may be laundered up to
6 times within those 45 days.
-Contact with POL’s will significantly degrade the protection
provided by the suit.
-Contaminated environment provides 24 hours of protection.
-The suit protects against chemical agent vapors, liquid
droplets, biological agents, and radioactive alpha particles.
167
-Wet-weather clothing
–Provides
complete protection against alpha/beta radiological
contamination when worn with battle dress and antiflash gear
–Provides
an extra layer of protection for the chemical
protective overgarment.
-Atropine/2Pam Chloride auto-injector
–Used
to counteract the effects of and relieve the symptoms of
nerve agents only.
-Pocket Dosimeter
–Size
and shape of a fountain pen.
–Measure
exposure to radiation over a period of time
PQS Question 112.3 Explain the six types of chemical warfare
agents and their physical symptoms.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12043, Basic Military Requirements
Six Types of Chemical Agents
Nerve Agents
Blood Agents
Vomiting Agents
Blister Agents
Choking Agents
Tear Agents
Types:
–G
–V
Agents
Agents
Use:
Quick-action casualty agent
Symptoms of Nerve Agents
168
Runny Nose
Tightness of chest with difficulty in breathing
Contraction of pupils
Nausea, cramps, headache, coma and convulsions
Symptoms can take place in 30 seconds when the dose is
sufficiently heavy
Blister Agents
Types:
–Mustards
–Phosgene
–Lewisite
Use:
Delayed-action casualty agent
Blister Agents
Symptoms of Blister Agents
Eyes:
–Redness and inflammation
–Watery
Skin:
–Skin starts to turn red after several hours
–Blisters appear on the skin
–Throbbing pain and swelling may be observed
Blood Agents
Types:
–Hydrogen
–Cyanogen
–Arsine
Use:
Cyanide
Chloride
Quick-Action casualty agent
Blood Agents
Symptoms of blood agents.
169
–Range from convulsions to coma
–Interfere with the ability of oxygen-carrying
cells to transfer
oxygen to other body tissues
–Irritating
effect on nasal passages.
Choking Agents
Types:
–Phosgene CG
–Diphosgene DP
–Chlorine CL
Use:
Delayed-action casualty agent
Vomiting Agents
Symptoms of Vomiting Agents
–Pepper like burning of the eyes, nose, throat, and air passages
–Repeated coughing and sneezing
–Continue after donning a mask
–Become sick to the point of vomiting
–Exposed to even more hazardous agent when the mask is removed
for vomiting
Tear Agents
Symptoms
–Act
primarily on the eyes, causing intense pain and a
considerable flow of tears
170
–High
concentrations affect the upper respiratory tract and
lungs and cause nausea and vomiting
PQS Question 112.4
explosions.
–Air burst
–Surface burst
–Underwater burst
Reference:
Describe the following types of nuclear
NAVEDTRA 12043, Basic Military Requirements
Air Burst
–Fire ball does not touch the earth
–All materials in fireball vaporized
–Maximize blast and thermal effect over large area
Surface Burst
–Fireball touches earth
–Surface material vaporized and lifted
–Produces large amounts of fallout
–Range of blast less than air burst
in air
Underwater Burst
–Practically all thermal radiation absorbed
–Large base serge is formed which billows up several hundred feet
CBR Warfare
PQS Question 112.5 Describe the following effects of nuclear
explosions.
–Blast
–Burns
–Nuclear radiation
–Electromagnetic Pulse phenomenon
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12043, Basic Military Requirements.
NAVEDTRA 10572, Damage Controlman 3 & 2
171
Nuclear Explosions
Blast
–Primary blast injuries result from the direct action of the air
shock wave on the human body.
–Secondary blast injuries are caused mainly by collapsing
buildings and by timber and other debris flung about by the
blast.
Burns
–Primary burns are a direct result of the thermal radiation from
the bomb.
–Secondary burns are the result of fires caused by the explosion.
–Flash blindness
Nuclear Radiation
–Alpha particles:
Must be taken into the body through ingestion
or cuts to be injurious.
–Beta particles:
Enter through the skin or ingestion,
in contaminated dust, dirt, or bomb residue
Nuclear Explosions
carried
–Gamma Rays:
Pure energy and not easily stopped, can penetrate
every region of the body.
–Gamma rays strike atoms in the body cause ionization of these
atoms, which may result in any number of possible chemical
reactions that damage the cells of the body.
Nuclear Radiation
–Neutrons: Have the greatest penetrating power of the nuclear
radiation hazards, create hazards to personnel when the neutron
is captured in atoms of various elements in the body,
atmosphere, water, or soil.
– The captured elements become radioactive and release gamma
rays and beta particles.
Nuclear Explosions
Electromagnetic Pulse phenomenon
172
–An EMP is an intense burst of radio- frequency radiation
generated by a nuclear explosion.
–The strong, quick-rising surges of electric current induced by
EMP in power transmission lines and long antennas could burn out
most unprotected electrical and electronic equipment.
PQS Question 112.6 Define Mission Oriented Protective Posture
and discuss the levels.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
PQS Question 112.7 Describe the correct procedures for
inspecting, maintaining, and donning the chemical protective
ensemble.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 2
Chemical Protective Ensemble
Inspect and Maintain CPE
CPE Inspection
–Packaging
–Expiration date
–Tears
CPE Maintenance
–Keep dry
–Store in bag when not worn
–Avoid POLs
Gloves and Boots
–Inspect for wear and tears
Donning the Chemical Protective Overgarment
1. Don the trousers and tighten the waist by using the hook and
pile fasteners.
2. Bring the straps over your shoulders and cross them across
your chest. Insert straps into the belt loops and secure them
snugly.
3. Don the smock.
4. Secure bottom of smock with hook and pile fasteners.
Protective Clothing
Donning the overboots.
1. Attach the laces to the toe loop, making sure that the laces
are centered.
2. Put a lace through each of the holes on the sides of the
boot and pull them up snug.
173
3. Cross the laces over the instep.
4. Put one lace through each of the holes at the heal,
inserting them from inside to outside and pulling the laces
snug.
Protective Clothing
5.
Again cross the laces ver the instep.
6. Thread the laces through the holes on the side again from
inside to outside
7. Cross the laces over the instep one more time and pull them
snug
8. Wrap the laces behind the ankle and back to the front. Tie
the laces securely.
Protective Clothing
Notes
–Trousers are worn over the boots
–White cotton undergloves and black, butyl rubber chemical
protective outer gloves are worn under the sleeves.
–The use of masking tape at the wrists and ankles is a common
procedure to protect against loosening of hook and pile seals
and to provide additional sealant protection.
MC40A1 Maintenance
•Cleaning and Care
–Clean with warm soapy water
–Air dry before storing in carrier
–Keep filter dry
–Replace damaged or worn parts
•Pre-fit mask prior to storing in mask carrier
–Test drinking tube
–Conduct negative pressure test
Protective Equipment
Protective Equipment
8. Test the mask for fit and for possible leakage by placing
your palms over the canisters. When you inhale normally, the
mask should collapse against your face.
NATO NBC Markers
•PQS
Question 112.8 Describe the colors and markings on the NATO
biological, chemical and radiological marker signs.
174
•Reference:
NAVEDTRA 10023, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
NBC Markers
NBC Markers
NBC Markers
NBC Markers
M9 Paper
PQS Question 112.9 Describe the color that the M-9 chemical
agent detector paper turns after it comes in contact with a
liquid nerve or blister agent.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
M9 Paper
M9 Paper
Detects the presence of liquid nerve and blister agents.
Spots or streaks on the paper appear pink, red-brown, redpurple, or any shade of red, assume it has been exposed to a
chemical agent.
Nerve Agents
PQS Question 112.10
nerve agents.
Explain the following as it applies to
–Symptoms
–Contents of NAAK kit
–Treatment(self and buddy aid)
Reference: NAVMED p-5041, Treatment of Chemical Agent
Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries.
Nerve Agents -Symptoms of nerve agent poisoning
–Unexplained runny nose
–Unexplained sudden headache
–Drooling
–Difficulty with vision (dimness of vision)
–Tightness in chest/difficulty in breathing
175
–Localized sweating/muscle twitching in contaminated area of the
skin
–Stomach cramps
–Nausea
Severe symptoms. Casualties with severe symptoms can experience
most or all of the mild symptoms and most or all of the symptoms
listed below:
–Strange or confused behavior
–Wheezing, severe difficulty in breathing, and coughing
Nerve Agents
–Red eyes with possible tearing
–Vomiting
–Severely pinpointed pupils
–Severe muscular twitching and general weakness
–Involuntary urination and defecation
–Convulsions
–Unconsciousness
–Respiratory failure
Treatment (Self)
Follow immediately with second injector of 2-pam chloride and
hold for at least 10 seconds.
Bend needle to form a hook and place on the protective
outergarment
Massage injection site if time permits
Wait 10 - 15 minutes before administering second series of
injections (no more than three)
Nerve Agents
Treatment (Self)
•Don the protective mask
•Remove a NAAK from the protective mask carrier
•Inject the thigh with the first injector from the kit (atropine)
hold against thigh for at least 10 seconds
176
Treatment (Buddy)
Mask the casualty
Using the casualties NAAK administer three sets of injections
immediately and in rapid succession in the thigh muscle of the
leg.
Hook the expended autoinjectors to the overgarment pocket flap
of the casualty.
Administer the back pressure arm-lift method of artificial
ventilation if breathing is difficult or has ceased.
Decontamination Kits
PQS Question 112.11 Describe the steps and procedures in
utilizing the M258A1 and M291 decontamination kits.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 1
Decontamination Kits
Currently being removed from service
Replaced by M-291 Kit
6 Packets per kit
–3 - #1 Packets (Use for 1 minute)
–3 - #2 Packets (Use for 2 minutes)
M-280 is large version of M258A1 and is used for equipment
decon.
Decontamination Kits
•Steps
and procedures for using the M258A1and M291
decontamination kit for skin:
•Open
the decontamination kit, and pull out one DECON 1 pad
packet by the tab
•Fold
the packet on the solid line marked "BEND", then unfold it
177
•Tear
the packet open quickly at the notch, remove, and unfold
the pad.
•Wipe your skin for
•Deposit the pad in
•Pull out one DECON
1 minute.
a proper container.
2 pad packet. Crush the enclosed glass
ampoules between your thumb and fingers.
•Fold
the packet on the solid line marked "CRUSH AND BEND", then
unfold it.
•Tear
the packet open quickly at the notch, and remove the pad.
Decontamination Kits
•Fully
open the pad. Let the encased crushed glass ampoules fall
into a proper container.
•Wipe
•Wipe
the contaminated skin for 2 to 3 minutes.
the contaminated skin for 2 to 3 minutes.
Decontamination Kits
•Replaces the M258A1
•Wallet-like pouch with 6 decon packets
–Black, reactive, and absorbent resin power
–Attached strap for inserting finger
•M-295 is large version of M291 and is used for equipment decon.
CPO Suit
•PQS
Question 112.12 State how long the Chemical Protective
Overgarment suit will provide protection from chemical agents
once they are removed from the packaging under the following
conditions.
–Exposed to Chemical Agents
–Not exposed to Chemical Agents
•Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume 2. 6-5
CPO Suit
•After
exposure to CBR agents, the CPO provides at least 6 hours
of continuous protection.
•After
the protective suit is removed from the protective
envelope, it must be used within 14 days.
Decontamination
178
•PQS
Question 112.13
decontamination.
–Immediate
–Operational
–Through
Describe the following types of
•Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat handbook, Volume 2
Decontamination
Decontamination
•Immediate:
–Skin decon
–Operator spray down
•Operational:
–Removal of gross contaminants
–MOPP gear exchange
•Thorough:
–Detailed troop and equipment decon
–Reduce contaminants to a negligible risk
PQS Question 112.14 Describe the procedure for setting up a
personnel decontamination station.
Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat handbook, Volume 2
Personnel DeconStation (PDS)
•The
PDS is set up in a secure, uncontaminated area located as
far forward as the tactical situation permits.
•Personnel
from both the decontamination and the supported unit
operate the PDS under the supervision of the Chemical,
Biological, and Radiological Defense Officer or the Disaster
Preparedness Operations and Training Specialist.
Personnel Decon
Station
•Removing
contaminated MOPP gear, including the Protective mask, is
the major action in Detailed Troop Decontamination (DTD).
•
If DTD is not performed chemical agents may eventually penetrate the
over-garment and contaminate under clothing or skin.
Personnel Decon
Station
•The
contaminated unit is responsible for setting up, Operating, and
closing the DTD in a thorough decon site.
179
•The
CBR office recommends to the COC the general location of the DTD
within the decon site.
Radiological Weapons
Types of Radiation
•Alpha Particles:
–Internal hazard that cannot penetrate
–Ranges 0”-3” off the ground
•Beta Particles:
–Internal and External Hazard
–Most prevalent in nuclear fallout
clothing
Radiological Weapons
•Gamma Particles:
–Pure energy waves
–Nothing will totally stop
–Most prevalent during initial
blast
Duties of CBR Team
•Personnel Decontamination
–Set up and operate the Detailed Troop Decontamination
•Equipment Decontamination
–Set up and operate the Detailed Equipment Decontamination
•Survey/Monitoring Teams
–Find/identify contamination or monitor movement/levels of
existing contamination
CBR Warfare
PQS Question 112.16
State the purpose and the optimum
location of the M22 chemical alarm.
Reference: NAVEDTRA12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Volume1
M8A1 Alarm
•Purpose
•Primary
means of detecting chemical agents arriving in a unit
area from an upwind chemical attack.
•Detects
chemical agents in vapor and aerosol form
180
•Alerts
by audible and visual signal
M22 Alarm
•Consist of
–M88 detector unit
–M42 alarm unit
PQS Question 112.17
their uses.
Reference:
Avoidance
Explain the three types of CBR surveys and
FM 3-3, Chemical and Biological Contamination
Point Survey
•The
point surveillance mission is conducted for a specific
period of time, oriented to key terrain.
•It
is typically conducted to ensure that time sensitive or
critical operations can be conducted without unwarned encounters
with chemical agent clouds or transfer hazards resulting from
munitions event
Route Survey
•Routes
and specific points may be surveyed if that information
is usually found during recon operations
•If
conducted, the survey team goes to a specific point or points
along a route and tests for the presence of liquid contamination
with M8 or M9 detector paper.
Area Survey
•The
goal of an area surveillance mission is to provide a
tailored detection capability in those tactical situations where
it is impractical to employ remote point samplers, such as M8A1
system.
CBR Warfare
PQS Question 112.18
What type of standard decontamination
reacts violently with liquid mustard agent.
Reference: FM 3-5, NBC Decontamination
CBR Warfare
•.
Super-tropical bleach: STB reacts violently by igniting
spontaneously upon contact with liquid mustard agent.
181
•
STB should not be inhaled or come in contact with the skin.
STB gives off toxic vapors upon contact with G agents.
CBR Warfare
PQS Question 112.19
CBR:
–Pre-attack actions
–Attack
–After
Describe the following as it relates to
Reference:
FM 3-100, NBC Operations
•Pre-Attack
Actions:
•Extended wear of protective clothing.
(The individual may have
to adapt to wearing protective clothing and equipment for
extended periods).
•M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper.
Attach to clothing. If spots
or streaks on the paper appear pink, red-brown, red-purple or
any shade of red, assume it has been exposed to a chemical
agent.
Chemical Attack Actions
•Pre-Attack
Actions
•Alertness and Proficiency.
Individuals must remain alert and
constantly aware of the chemical threat.
•Protection of Individual Equipment.
Keep equipment and supplies
organized and covered.
During Attack Actions
•Stop breathing
•Don Protective mask
•Give the alarm
•Continue the mission and wait for further
•Assist others when the situation permits.
•After
orders.
Attack Actions
–Remain in protective gear and continue your mission.
182
–Give first aid to casualties in the immediate vicinity when the
situation and mission permit.
–Await the commander’s order for unmasking.
Nuclear Attack Actions
Pre-Attack Actions
•Fighting
Hole:
–The deeper the fighting hole, the more protection it provides
–An overhead covering of earth or other material will help reduce
the amount of thermal and initial nuclear radiation and fallout
material from reaching the individual.
–Cover must be sturdy enough to withstand the blast wave.
Nuclear Attack Actions
Pre-Attack Actions
•Field
Shelters. Tunnels, caves, and storm drains provide
effective shelter.
Vehicles made of steel provide some
protection.
•Supplies
and Equipment. Equipment and supplies not being worn
should be placed in the fighting hole to prevent them from
becoming missiles.
During Attack Actions
•Drop
Flat on Ground facedown or to the bottom of a fighting
hole.
•Close
your eyes.
•Protect
exposed skin from heat by putting hands and arms near or
under your body. Keep your helmets on.
Nuclear Attack Actions
•Remain
down until after the blast has passed and debris has
stopped falling.
•Stay
calm, check for injury, check weapons and equipment for
damage, and prepare to continue the mission.
•Nuclear
–Begin
–Bathe
Attack
fallout monitoring
and change clothes as soon as possible
183
–Avoid
breathing dust(place handkerchief or similar cloth over
mouth
–Remember
run off water is contaminated
184
UNIT 113 COMMON CORE
EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS
References:
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3122.1, Embarkation Manual
AMC pamphlet 36-1, AMC Affiliation Program Airlift Planners
Guide
NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual
PQS Question 113.1 Describe the organization and makeup of an
air detachment, air echelon, and sea echelon, and state their
required deployable time frames.
Reference: NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual
185
MCA (Modular Core
AIR)
-All elements compromise a 125 man tent camp with light
construction capability - roughly a traditional “Air Det” TOA
without individual equipment allowances.
-Tent camp facility includes berthing, showers, a galley
facility, water and fuel storage, a four-hole burn out latrine,
and security fencing.
-Containerized in five 20 ft ISO Containers, six TRICONs, two
Configured TRICONs, and two Flatracks.
-Includes a MOD 96, MOD 98, and equipment for basic CESE
maintenance.
-No communications gear. Comm gear is almost entirely allocated
to the Fly-in Eschelons.
-30 Tool kits of various types (including mechanics tool kits).
-Deploy within 48 hours
-Self-sufficient for 30 days (except food, fuel and ammo)
-Repair war damage and/or construct urgent projects
186
MC (Modular Core)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Augments a MCA module to create a 250 man tent camp. Adds
berthing, laundry skid, large capacity water storage and
treatment facilities, significant power distribution
capabilities, and several support facilities.
Containerized in eleven 20 ft ISO Containers, one TRICONs,
and two Flatracks.
Additional galley facilities and equipment.
Greater CESE maintenance capability - additional tools and
parts.
Minimal communications gear. A small selection of sound
powered phones.
26 Tool kits of various types (including mechanics tool
kits).
187
Basic Echelon Capabilities
+
MCA
Basic
MC
• 250 Person Self-sustaining Tent Camp +Basic Module
•Vertical Construction
• 1- 35T Lattice Boom Crane
• 2+3- Forklifts
• 1- Concrete Mixer
• 2- Arc Welders and Gas Cutting Rigs
• 2+1- Centrifugal Pumps
• 32+18- Kits for Construction Rates
• Complete Maintenance & Const. Rate Shops
• Line Haul
• 4+2-Trk. Cargo 4X4
• 4-Trk. Cargo 8T 20’ Bed MTVR
• 6+2-Semi-Tractor/Trlr. Rigs
• 1- 50K RTCH
• 1- Wrecker + Service Trucks
• 1- Fuel Truck
• Horizontal Construction
• 5- Dump Trucks 5T
• 2- Road Grader
• 3- Front-End Loaders
• 1+1- Compactor Roller
• 3+1- Bulldozers
• 3- Scrapers 18CY
• 2- Earth Augers
• 1- Ditching Machine
• 1- Excavator
• Self Defense
•2- M2 50cal Machine Gun (MG)
• 2- MK19 40mm MG (Grenade Launcher)
• 4+4- M240B 7.62mm MG
188
Heavy Echelon Capabilities
MC
A
+
Heavy
MC
• 250 Person Self-sustaining Tent Camp
•Vertical Construction
• Horizontal Construction
• 5+1- Dump Trucks 5T
• 2- Road Grader
• 3+1- Front-End Loaders
• 1+1- Compactor Roller
• 3+2- Bulldozers
• 3- Scrapers 18CY
• 1- Water Well Rig 1,500 FT
• 1- Excavators
• 1- Asphalt Distributor
• Complete Mechanics Shop
• 1- 35T Lattice Boom Crane
• 2+1- Forklift
• 1- Concrete Mixer
• 2- Arc Welders and Gas Cutting Rigs
• 2- 33000 GPH Centrifugal Pumps
• 32- Kits for Construction Rates
• Line Haul
• Self Defense
• 4+2-Trk. Cargo 4X4
• 4-Trk. Cargo 8T 20’ Bed
• 6-Semi-Tractor/Trlr. Rigs
• 1- 50K RTCH
• 1- Wrecker + Service Trucks
• 1- Fuel Truck
•2- M2 50cal Machine Gun (MG)
• 2- MK19 40mm MG (Grenade Launcher)
• 4- M240B 7.62mm MG
189
FIE (Fly In Echelon)
SLRP, OPP, AP, MP
SLRP SURVEILLANCE, LIAISON, AND RECONNAISSANCE PARTY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intended for air transport.
All elements compromise individual equipment* and shelter for a
small party of eight Seabees to operate for roughly two weeks,
scouting out areas for offload, laydown, and storage
Includes two cargo HMMWVs and associated POLs (two 55gal drums
of 91 octane gasoline, thirty-three 55gal drums of DF2, and
thirteen quarts of 30W Oil). No maintenance capabilities.
Tent camp facility includes two tents and eight cots, insect
nets, camp stove, cleaners, coffee maker, flashlight and
propane.
Minor camp consumables. No water storage, latrines, showers.
Not a self-sufficient camp.
No power generating capability.
Considerable communications capability.
Includes HF and VHF radios (base station and vehicular),
SATCOM, crypto gear, and eight SABER radios, two Vehicle
SINCGARS units, KL-43, two KY99As, two GPS units, and
a Laptop computer w/ Laser Printer.
Twenty-seven Cases of MREs (324 meals/108 Man days).
)
*Personal Equipment for 8 individuals:
•
Each receives an M16E3, 782 Gear, Sleeping bags, cots,
Flak,
•
Kevlar, CBR gear, and a first aid kit.
•
Additional gear includes: 1M203, 1 M870 Shotgun, 4 M9
Pistol
•
Optical gear and Night Vision scopes and goggles (5)
190
OPP
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Offload Preparation Party
Elements consist of an augment of individual equipment*,
food, and COMM gear for a party of roughly thirty Seabees
to assist with offloading the various modules from MPF
vessels.
Provides an MRE allowance for roughly ten days.
SABER radios for communications.
No CESE, no kits, no tent camp facilities.
*Personal Equipment for individuals:
Each receives 782 Gear, Sleeping bags, Flak
Kevlar, CBR gear, and a first aid kit.
Additional gear includes: 27 M16E3, 6 M9 Pistol
191
AP Advance Party
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intended for air transport.
Consists of individual equipment allowances for a group of
seventy Seabees,
along with a small equipment allowance.
Tent camp facility includes five tents with cots, etc. and
a 5 kW generator.
224 Cases of MREs (2688 meals/40 days), 1400 man days of
supplements (dry milk, coffee, dry fruit, etc.).
A minor CESE allowance for moving Seabees and their gear
(two Cargo Truck Variant HMMWVs, two 8 Ton Cargo Trucks, a
400 gal Water Bull, a Floodlight Trailer, and a 4K and 12K
Forklift.
Minor quantities of fuel and POLs - about enough to get
moving.
Considerable communications gear. A large portion of the
overall comm gear allowance is here, along with some
computer assets (includes SATCOM, 15 SABER radios w/base
station, 2 Vehicle SINCGARS, 2 KL-42, 8 KY99A, CMS gear, 20
Manpack SINCGARS, 3 SINCGARS base stations, 4 SB-22
switchboards, 20 TA-312, 2 STU-III phones, 2 Notebook
Computer, Laser printer, non-tactical Fax).
No tool kits.
192
MP Main Party
•
•
•
•
•
Intended for air transport.
Consists mainly of individual equipment allowances for 695
personnel.
No tent camp facilities.
Considerable communications gear. The remainder of the
COMM gear is included with this module, along with several
computers and printers.
A Soils Kit, Nuclear Densiometer Kits, specialized CBR
equipment, Chaplain Kit, Barber’s equipment, and various
forms.
Air Echelon (TA31)
-648 personnel
-103 units of CESE
-1200 to 1250 short tons cargo
-Deploy within 6 days
-Self-sufficient for 60 days (except food, fuel, and ammo)
-Maximum NMCB capability/diversity
Sea Echelon (TA22)
-26 personnel
-Remainder of CESE and outsized CESE
-Deploy within 6 days/arrive within 30 days
-Cargo/Equipment to sustain for 90 days
PQS Question 113.2 Explain the operations of the Mount Out
Control Center (MOCC).
Reference: NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual
193
The Mount Out Control Center (MOCC) controls, coordinates and
monitors the movement of all personnel, supplies and equipment
to an embarkation staging area.
PQS Question 113.3 Define the following as applied to
embarkation:
ACL
TALCE
MARSHALLING
AACG
DACG
Reference: AMC Pamphlet 36-1, AMC Affiliation Program Airlift
Planners Guide
ACL: Allowable cabin/cargo load – amount of passengers/cargo
that may be transported by a specific aircraft.
TALCE: U.S. Air Force Tactical Airlift Control Element –
supports airlift missions where command control, mission
reporting, and/or support functions are limited or do not exist.
Marshalling: Process by which units move equipment, cargo, and
personnel to temporary staging areas near embarkation points.
AACG: Arrival Airfield Control Group – Responsible for
receiving all airlifted items, and movement from airfield to
deployment site.
DACG: Departure Airfield Control Group – Responsible for
controlling the flow of personnel, cargo, and equipment from the
marshalling area to the aircraft.
PQS Question 113.4 Describe how equipment and cargo are to be
prepared for air/sea movement.
Reference: AMC Pamphlet 36-1, AMC Affiliation Program Airlift
Planners Guide
CESE preparation
-Cleaned
-Mechanically inspected
-Reduced height (remove ROP’s)
-Mobile loaded (if necessary)
-Weighed and marked with center of balance
-Staged
Cargo Preparation
-Inventoried
-Palletized
463L aircraft pallet (AIR)
40” X 48” wood pallet (SEA)
-Containerized
194
Appropriate ISO container
463L pallet
-Exterior dimension 108” X 88”
-Usable dimension 104” x 84”
-Maximum cargo height 96”
-Aluminum shell with balsa wood interior
-Able to be locked into the aircraft rail system
PQS Question 113.5 State the four types of AMC organic aircraft
and their primary use and mission.
Reference: AMC Pamphlet 36-1, AMC Affiliation Program Airlift
Planners Guide
C-30 Hercules
-Tactical aircraft used for in-theater operations
-Planning ACL 25,000 lbs
-Maximum cargo dimensions 115”W X 105”H
-Six 463L pallet positions
-Maximum seating for 90 passengers, but limited to 74 over
water.
C-17 Globemaster III
-Strategic/tactical aircraft used for inter-theater and intheater transport of troops and outsized cargo.
-ACL 90,000 lbs
-Maximum cargo dimensions 196”W X 143”H
-Eighteen 463L pallet positions in the logistics restraint rail
system
-Eleven 463L pallets in the aerial delivery rail system
-Minimum runway 3,000 ft
-Maximum seating for 102 passengers
C-5 Galaxy
-Global strategic aircraft used for inter-theater transport of
troops and outsized cargo
-Planning ACL 150,000 lbs
-Maximum cargo dimensions 228”W X 162”H
-Thirty Six 463L pallet positions
-Maximum seating for 343 passengers, but limited to 329
passengers over water
PQS Question 113.6 State the six essential convoy personnel
positions and their duties and responsibilities that are to be
considered for a unit movement.
Reference: COMCBPAC/COMCBLANT/COMRNCFINST 3120.1A
195
Three Divisions
-March column
Composed of entire convoy
Convoy Commander in charge
-Serial Column
Limited to 20 vehicles
-Unit Column
Limited to 10 vehicles or less
Convoy Commander – Initiates, issues and enforces march orders,
supervises movement.
Serial Commander – In charge 20 vehicles, supervises serial,
answers to Convoy Commander.
Advance Officer – Precedes the column, recons the route and
selects alternate routes, notifies proper authorities, post
traffic control personnel.
Trail Officer – Post warning flags, prevent interference,
enforce convoy discipline, collects traffic control personnel.
Unit Commander – Responsible for 10 units of CESE
Maintenance Officer – Rides at rear of convoy, responsible for
CESE maintenance.
Vehicle Commander – Usually a Petty Officer in charge of all
vehicles carrying troops.
Pace Setter – Usually a Petty Officer stationed in lead vehicle.
Guides – Personnel posted at critical intersections when on nontactical convoys.
Escorts – Military police or other personnel for non-tactical
movement. During tactical movements, the escorts may be armed
guards, armed aircraft, infantry, armored units, or other units
as required to protect or accompany the convoy.
PQS Question 113.7 Explain the three color classifications used
to determine convoy road routes.
Reference: COMCBPAC/COMCBLANT/COMRNCFINST 3120.1A, Embarkation
Manual
Road Routes
Green – Relatively safe from hostile activity.
196
Yellow – Subject to limited activity.
Red – Hostile activity is imminent.
PQS Question 113.8 What factors determine the speed at which a
convoy will move?
Reference: COMCBPAC/COMCBLANT/COMRNCFINST 3120.1A, Embarkation
Manual
Rules of the Road.
-30 mph on open road
-100 ft interval between vehicles
-Speed determined by slowest vehicle in convoy
PQS Question 113.9 Describe the different types of cargo
containers that may be used for unit movements.
Reference: COMCBPAC/COMCBLANT/COMRNCFINST 3120.1A, Embarkation
Manual
Kit and mount-out boxes
-20”W x 48”L
-250 lbs per box
TRICONS
-6 ½ ft X 8 ft X 8 ft
Standard 20
-8 ft X 8 ft X 20 ft
Configured 20
-8 ft X 8 ft X 20 ft
-with built in cabinets
-Flatrack
-8 ft X 8 ft X 20ft
-Open ended
Half Height
-8 ft X 4 ft X 20 ft
SIXCON
-6 ½ ft X 8 ft X 4 ft
197
UNIT 105 NMCB
EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS
References:
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3122.1, Embarkation Manual
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 1500.1A, Naval Construction Force
Training Requirement
NAVFAC P-2010, Naval Construction Force Maritime Prepositioning
Force and Policy Manual
NAVFAC P-437, Planning Guide for Navy Facilities, Vol 1
PQS Question 105.1 Explain the operations of the battalion
Mount Out Central Control. (MOCC)
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3122.1, Embarkation
Manual
Operations
The Mount-Out Control Center controls, coordinates, and monitors
the movement of all personnel, supplies, and equipment to the
embarkation staging area
PQS Question 105.2 Who is responsible for the operation of the
battalion MOCC.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3122.1, Embarkation
Manual
The XO is responsible of the operations in MOCC
MOCC controls, coordinates, and monitors the movement of all
personnel, supplies, and equipment to an embarkation staging
area.
PQS Question 105.3
Describe embarkation training requirements.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 3122.1, Embarkation
Manual
Formal embarkation training prepares only a small portion of the
unit’s personnel for conducting an orderly mount out.
Within each unit a series of periodic formal embarkation
training briefings must be held to indoctrinate all personnel
for specific responsibilities.
Training Requirements
198
AIR EMBARK PLANNING – 2 0S, 2 E7-E9S
SEA EMBARK PLANNING – 2 OS, 1 E7-E9, 14 E5-E6S
AIRLIFT OF HAZMAT – 10 E5-E6S, 2 SKS
PALLET CONSTRUCTION – 10 E5 AND ABOVE, 30 OTHERS
MAC AFFILIATION COURSE – 20 PERSONNEL
PQS Question 105.4 Describe the Maritime Pre-positioning Force
Enhanced.
Reference: NAVFAC P-2010, Naval Construction Force Maritime
Prepositioning Force and Policy Manual
Maritime Pre-positioning Force Enhanced
The TA-57 is composed of modules entitled Core, Vertical,
Horizontal and NCR, which totals a full NMCB and NCR TOA minus
the Fly in Echelons.
PQS Question 105.5 Discuss the organic table of allowance (TOA)
capability for self-sustainability.
Air Det - 30 days except food, fuel, and ammo
Air Echelon – 60 days except food, fuel, and ammo
Sea Echelon – 90 days
199
Unit 114 CC
CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (CESE)
References:
NAVFAC P-300
Management of Civil Engineering Support Equipment
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1
Naval Mobile Construction Battalion Equipment Management(Red
Book)
NAVEDTRA 12535 Equipment Operator, Basic
NAVEDTRA 12004 Seabee Combat Handbook, VOL 2
PQS Question 114.1: Describe the following terms:
a. CESE
b. MHE
c. WHE
d. POL
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Naval Mobile
Construction Battalion Equipment Management(Red Book)
Civil Engineer Support Equipment is industrial equipment that is
typically non-portable Shop equipment costing more than $1,000
Material-Handling Equipment (MHE) - Forklifts
Weight-Handling Equipment (WHE) - Cranes
POL:
Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants
PQS Question 114.2 Explain the importance of proper operator
equipment maintenance and operation.
Reference:
NAVEDTRA 12535, EQUIPMENT Operator, Basic
Proper maintenance is the care given and the work performed to
keep vehicles and equipment in safe and serviceable operating
condition during their normal service life. Maintenance helps
detect minor deficiencies before they lead to costly repairs.
The first sign of vehicle trouble should be detected by the
operator during one of the three daily inspections. These
inspections occur before, during, and after operations.
During Operation Inspection - The during operation inspection
consists of the operator using knowledge of the equipment and
his or her senses to detect indications needing attention.
Be aware of the following indications of possible failure:
200
The
The
The
The
The
smell of burning rubber, grease, or clutches.
sound of unusual noises.
unusual fluctuations or readings on instruments and gages.
feel of drag, pull, or vibration.
loss of tire air pressure or rocks in the tires.
After operation inspection - and service require the operator to
first perform proper shutdown procedures.
After shutdown - operators must perform the following actions:
Check equipment cleanliness
Drain air tanks and cover exhaust stacks.
Close doors, windows, and hoods.
Set the brakes and chock wheels.
Block dump beds for draining.
Top off fuel tanks if the tanks are less than one-half Full.
Report any defects on the trouble report.
PQS Question 114.3: Explain the procedures in filling out and
submitting an operator’ s inspection guide, trouble report
(hardcard), and vehicle trip ticket.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Naval Mobile
Construction Battalion Equipment Management(Red Book)
Motor Vehicle Utilization Record
Used for each item of automotive equipment and trailers on a
daily or trip basis.
Commonly called a trip ticket.
Official authorization to operate a vehicle, whether it is
driven by the requester or driven by a pool operator.
PQS Question 114.4: Explain the difference between organic and
augment CESE and how they are identified.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Naval Mobile
Construction Battalion Equipment Management(Red Book)
Organic: basic allowance of equipment approved by the Chief of
Naval Operations and published twice a year as a Naval
Facilities Engineering Command notice.
Allowance items are selected to provide support in a contingency
situation.
Organic allowances are not designed to meet every need.
Augment: requested when an assigned project requires more
equipment than the organic allowance supplies.
201
Augment CESE is requested by the Commanding Officer or the
designated representative from the Commander Third or Second
Naval Construction Brigade.
PQS Question 114.5: State the purpose of a Standard Form 91.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Naval Mobile
Construction Battalion Equipment Management(Red Book)
Obtain and properly spell names and street addresses of persons
involved in the mishap and all witnesses to the accident.
Carefully note weather conditions, road conditions, position of
the vehicle involved, and other details.
Describe all events of the accident in detail to the point that
a person although never having been at the scene, could
visualize the accident.
State visible damage, such as "crushed right rear wheel or
crumpled fender."
PQS Question 114.6: Explain where you would obtain specific
information for operating CESE in extreme environments.
Reference: NAVFAC P-300, Management of Civil Engineering
Support Equipment.
Operating CESE in extreme environments. For specific information
on operating CESE in extreme environment you need to refer to
the vehicle operators / maintenance manuals.
PQS Question 114.7:
carrier vehicle
Describe how to combat-harden personnel
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Naval Mobile
Construction Battalion Equipment Management(Red Book)
Combat Hardened Vehicles:
Too often in combat situations it is possible for enemy forces
to booby trap roads and paths used by U.S. forces
Command detonated mines are often used to start an ambush.
Mines may also be planted along the shoulder of the road for the
purposes of limiting travel and for harassment.
Combat hardening a personnel carrier vehicle is accomplished by
covering the inside floor of the vehicle with sandbags, removing
tarps and bows, and installing a garrot bar
202
UNIT 107 NMCB
CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
(CESE) FUNDAMENTALS
References:
NAVFAC P-300, Management of Civil Engineering Support Equipment
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Equipment Management (Red
Book)
NAVFAC P-307, Management of Weight Handling Equipment
NACFAC P-25, Table Of Allowance.
PQS Question 107.1 State the purpose of the Battalion Equipment
Evaluation Program (BEEP)
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Equipment
Management (Red Book)
Purpose of the Battalion Equipment Evaluation Program. (BEEP)
To pass on all special knowledge of CESE maintenance and
operations techniques.
To provide the relieving battalion with a realistic and in-depth
condition evaluation of CESE allowance, facilities, tools and
materials
PQS Question 107.2 State the various types of Civil Engineer
Support Equipment (CESE) found in the P-25.
Reference:
NAVFAC P-25, Table of Allowance
703.1 Construction Equipment:
DESCRIPTION
ECC:
TRK AMBULANCE HMMWV
0361-43
TRK MAINTENANCE HMMWV
0363-61
TRUCK DUMP
0587-61
TRK FLD SERVICE 4X4 MTVR
0709-61
TRK WRECKER 25T MTVR
0730-61
TRK TANK FUEL SERV MTVR
0746-61
TRLR TANK 400 GAL WATER
0880-02
MIXER CONCRETE 11 CU FT
2433-01
DISTRIBUTOR ASPHALT MTVR
2520-61
DISTRIB WATER 2000 GAL
2521-61
DISTRIBUTOR 7000 GAL
2523-22
MAX QTY
2
4
16
2
2
2
10
2
1
2
2
DESCRIPTION
QTY:
ECC:
203
COMPRESSOR AIR 250 CFM
COMPRESSOR AIR 750 CFM
COMPRESSOR AIR 750 CFM
HAMMER PILE W/LEADS
EXTRACTOR PILE PNEU 100T
AUGER EARTH TRK MTVR
DRILLWELL 1500FT ITWD
DRILL SUPPORT VEHICLE MTVR
DITCHING MACK LADDER
DITCHING MACH WHEEL
EXCAVATOR TRACKED
GRADER ROAD AIR TRANS
LOADER SCP F/TRK 2.5 CY
LOADER SCP WHL 4X4 2CY
LOADER SCP WHL 4X4 2.5 CY
ROLLER COMPACT 9 WHL
ROLLER VIB ATR-STEER ROPS
SCRAPER TRACTOR 14/18 CY
TRACTOR CRAWLER 105HP W/ROPS
TRACTOR CRAWLER 200HP W/WIN
TRACTOR CRAWLER 200HP W/RIP
TRACTOR WHEELED
TRACTOR, WHEELED
FLOODLIGHT TRAILER
GEN 15KW SKID MEP804A TQ
GEN 30KW SKID MEP805A TQ
LUBE UNIT SKID W/AIR COMP
WELDER ARC 300AMP W/TIG
PUMP RECIP 100GPM
PUMP RECIP 400 GPM
PUMP CENT TRASH 1000 GPM
SPRAYER DECON SKID 50 GPM
SWEEPER MAGNET TOWED
SAW WOODWORK 16 IN RADIAL
3135-02
3165-02
3165-11
3630-32
3635-01
3710-61
3720-02
3720-61
4310-01
4310-02
4350-01
4420-21
4530-41
4531-10
4531-30
4615-01
4635-20
4750-20
4830-10
4850-11
4850-21
4875-03
4875-10
5110-22
5121-15
5122-30
5160-01
5170-71
5210-11
5220-21
5220-31
5420-01
5710-21
5900-01
4
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
6
4
3
3
2
3
6
2
3
3
1
2
10
4
3
1
7
2
8
1
2
2
4
PQS Question 107.3 State the purposes of the following
publications and instructions.
P-300
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCB INST 11200
P-307
Reference: NAVFAC P-300, Management of Civil Engineering
Support Equipment
204
COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Equipment Management (Red
Book)
NAVFAC P-307, Management of Weight Handling Equipment
P-300
The purpose of this publication is to assist management at all
levels in properly discharging their responsibilities in the
efficient management of the transportation program.
11200 Series
The purpose of this publication is to establish policy, assign
actions and give guidance for the Naval Construction Force
Equipment Management program.
P-307
The purpose of this publication is to maintain the level of safety
and reliability built into each unit of applicable equipment by the
original equipment manufacturer (OEM);
To ensure optimum service life
To provide uniform standards for licensing of WHE operators;
To ensure the safe lifting and controlling capability of WHE and
promote safe operating practices through the inspection, test,
certification, qualification, and operation requirements
prescribed herein.
PQS Question 107.4 State the purposes and uses of the following
licenses.
OF/346
11260/2
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Equipment
Management (Red Book)
OF/346
Military Drivers license which lists the vehicles you are
authorized to drive. Can be from 1 1/4 ton pick-up truck to 20
ton tractor. Good for 3 years.
11260/2
This is the heavy construction equipment license. Maintained
with your license record in the License Examiners office. It
lists all the construction equipment you are authorized to
operate. Good for 2 years.
205
PQS Question 107.5 Describe the term deadline.
Reference: COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST 11200.1 Equipment
Management (Red Book)
Definition of Deadline.
CESE is deemed deadline because of mechanical failure.
Parts required are not available for over 3 working days.
Parts are ordered NORS (Not Operationally Ready Supply).
PQS Question 107.6 Describe the Live Storage Program
Reference: NAVFAC P-300, Management of Civil Engineering Support
Equipment
Equipment is placed in live storage when there is no foreseeable
need for the equipment for a period of two preventive
maintenance (PM) cycles or 80 working days.
Also it must be in A5 or better condition.
All cranes, however, shall be maintained in an active status
under control of the crane crew.
206
UNIT 115 CC
OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Reference
OPNAVINST 3500.39
PQS Question 115.1 Describe the concept of Operational Risk
Management.
Reference:
OPNAVINST 3500.39, Operational Risk Management.
Applying the Operational Risk Management process will reduce
mishaps, lower costs and provide for more efficient use of
resources.
A decision making tool used by people at all levels to increase
operational effectiveness by anticipating hazards and reducing
the potential for loss, thereby increasing the probability of a
successful mission.
Increases our ability to make informed decisions by providing the
best baseline of knowledge and experience available
Minimizes risks to acceptable levels, commensurate with mission
accomplishment. The amount of risk we will take in war is much
greater than that we will take in peace, but the process is the
came.
PQS Question 115.2 Describe the following terms as it applies to
Operational Risk Management.
Identify Hazards
Make risk decisions
Reference:
Assess Hazards
Supervise
OPNAVINST 3500.39, Operational Risk Management
Identify Hazards
Begin with an outline or chart of the
operation (operation analysis). Next,
Hazard Analysis by listing all of the
each step in the operational analysis
for those hazards
Assess Hazards
207
major steps in the
conduct a Preliminary
hazards associated with
along with possible causes
For each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of
risk in terms of probability and severity.
Risk Decisions
Start with the most serious risk and select controls that will
reduce the risk to a minimum consistent with mission
accomplishment.
With selected controls in place, decide if the benefit of the
operation outweighs the risk.
If the risk outweighs benefit or if assistance is required to
implement controls, communicate with higher authority in the
chain of command
Supervise
Monitor for any changes, which might present new hazards.
Adjust ineffective controls.
Determine which controls are effective and ensure they are
implemented for future similar evolutions.
208