SYLLABUS
General
information
Title and code of subject,
number of credits
BME 344 Methods of Obtaining Diagnostic Information- 3 credits
(Biomedical Image Processing & Analysis)
Department
Program
Academic semester
Lecturer
Biological sciences
Bachelor
2016 spring
Doctor of philosophy (PhD) in biological Sciences
Zaur M. Karimov
zaurkarimov@mail.ru
+994 55 7935115
11 Mehseti Street, AZ1096 Baku, Azerbaijan (Neftchilar campus),
room
Lectures:
Seminars:
E-mail:
Phone number:
Lecture room/Schedule
Course
language
Type of the
subject
Textbooks and
additional
materials
Teaching
methods
Assessment
Consultations
Azerbaijani
Major
Textbooks:
1. Introduction to Biomedical Imaging, Andrew Webb – John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2003 (required)
Optional Reference Texts:
2. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, 2nd Edition, (2002) by J. T. Bushberg, J. A.
Seibert, E. M. Leidholdt, J. M. Boone, Lippencott Williams & Wilkins Pulb. (Kluwer),
Additional Resource Texts:
3. The Physics of Medical Imaging, S. Webb, Institute of Physics Publishing, 1988.
4. Christensen's Physics of Diagnostic Radiology by Thomas S. Iii Curry, James E.
Dowdey, Robert C., Jr Murry, Lea & Febiger Publishing, 4th edition, 1990.
5. Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, F. H. Attix, John Wiley
and Sons Publishing, 1986.
6. Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, B. H. Brown, R H Smallwood, D C
Barber and D R Hose, Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd., 1999.
7. The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology, J. van Dyk, Medical Physics
Publishing, 1999.
8. Radiobiology for the Radiologist, Eric J. Hall, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 5th
edition, 2000
9. Lihong Wang & Hsin-I Wu, Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN: 978-0-471-74304-0 (2007)
10. Medical Imaging Physics – Fourth Edition, W.R. Hendee, E. R. Ritenour. Wiley-Liss Inc. 2002.
11. Fundamentals of medical imaging, Paul Suetens, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
12. The Physics of Diagnostic Imaging D.J. Dowsett, PA Kenny and R.E. Johnston. Chapman & Hall
Medical, 1998.
13. L. V. Wang and H.-i Wu, Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging (Wiley, 2007).
14. B. Block Color Atlas of Ultrasound Anatomy (2004)
Auxiliary Web sources:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgvRi0Jl43g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJfIbBDR3e8&list=PL5351D9CFF725FA6A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEdR4iOdLh0&list=PL5DUVGfj6BJa4THJwSN8wJljvkHvInrMq
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZoKGFLg0HQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gv0VMx25_Dk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SUHgtREWQc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ok9ILIYzmaY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v38-I58H2Uc&list=PLc1hOdhp9OEFPbWusarZmubWggC_zp3K
15
Lecture
15
Group discussions at seminars
Components
Date/ Deadline
Percent (%)
During the semester
10
Tests
At each lesson
10
Active participation
Course
description
Course
objectives
Outcomes of
study
Rules
(Educational
policy and
behavior)
At the end of the semester
15
Individual research papers and
presentations
5
Attendance
25
Midterm exam
35
Final exam
Final
100
This course introduces imaging methods in medicine and biology. Various medical imaging modalities
(x-rays, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET, SPECT, optical imaging, etc.) and their applications in medicine
and biology. Extends basic concepts of signal processing to the two and three dimensions relevant to
imaging physics, image reconstruction, image processing, and visualization.
The basic physical and engineering principles behind major medical imaging techniques will be
described, and their relative advantages and disadvantages will be explored. The capabilities of the
imaging techniques will be explained in terms of performance criteria such as spatial and temporal
resolution, contrast, and signal-to-noise-ratio. The effectiveness of the methods will be illustrated in
terms of their clinical applications. An historical perspective of the development of each technique will
be presented, as well as the latest innovations. Finally, potentially new and emerging medical imaging
technqiues will be considered.
The main objective of this course is to enable students to develop a basic familiarity with all the major
medical imaging techniques employed in modern hospitals, including x-ray imaging, computer
tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, nuclear isotope imaging, and
electroencephalography. Each technique will be introduced in the context of the underlying clinical
requirements. Students need to learn what physical principles are involved, and what properties of
tissues the corresponding medical images show. The module will aim to develop an understanding of
the historical evolution of these imaging methods, as well as indicate how medical imaging is likely to
develop over the next few years.
What students should know by the end of the course:
Ionizing Radiation, Radiation dosimetry, risk and protection. Radiation Biology. Radiography, Filmscreen and digital, Mammography & Fluoroscopy. Optical imaging. Ultrasound Imaging. Ultrasound
Image Analysis. Computed Tomography. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Nuclear Medicine
Imaging. Imaging applications in Therapy.
Lesson organization
General information on the subject will be provided for the students during lectures.
Student’s knowledge on the previous topics will be evaluated and new topic will be explained by mins
of visual aids during seminars. Student’s knowledge level will be tested oraly and in written forms
before midterm and final exams. Submission of the individual works by the end of course is obligatory.
Attendance
Participation of students at all classis is important. Students should inform dean’s office about missing
lessons for particular reasons (illness, family issues and etc.). Students, missing more than 25% of
lessons, are not allowed to take the exam.
Lates
Those students who are late for lessons for more than 15 minutes are not allowed to participate at the
lesson. Despite this, the student is allowed to take part in the second part of the lesson.
Tests
Those students who have informed the teacher and the dean’s office about missing the test in advance
for particular reasons, are allowed to take the test next week.
Exams
All the issues related to the participation and admission to the exam are regulated by the faculty dean.
Topics of midterm and final exams are provided for the students before the exams. The questions of
midterm exam are not repeated in the final exam.
Violation of the rules of the exams
Disrupting the test and taking copy during midterm and final exams is forbidden. Test papers of the
student who do not follow these rules are canceled and the students are expelled from the test by
getting 0 (zero).
The rule for completing the course
In accordance with the University rules the overall success rate to complete the course should be 60%
or above. The students who failed the exam would be to take this subject next semester or next year.
Rules of conduct for Students
Disruption of the lesson and not following ethical norms during the lesson, as well as conduction of the
discussions by the students without permission and using mobile phones is forbidden.
This program reflects the comprehensive information about the subject and information about any changes will be
provided in advance.
Week
1
Dates
(planned)
12.02
2
19.02
3
26.02
4
04.03
Subject topics
Lecture №1. Ionizing Radiation: introduction to ionizing radiation. The history of the discovery of
radiation and radioactivity introduction. Types of non-ionizing and their clinical effects. Types of
ionizing radiation and their clinical effects.
Seminar №1: Conduction of oral and written survey. Ionizing Radiation.
Lecture №2. Radiation dosimetry, risk and protection. Radiation Biology: indications for radiation
therapy. Development of radiobiological damage. Absorption of radiation. Classification of radiation
damage. DNA strand breaks. Chromosome aberrations. Mutations. Direct and inderect actions. Free
radicals. Mechanisms of cell death after irradiation. Cell survival curves. Radiosensitivity of cancer
cells. Genetic control of radiosensitivity.
Seminar №2: Conduction of oral and written survey. Radiation dosimetry, risk and protection.
Radiation Biology.
Lecture №3. Radiography, Film-screen and digital, Mammography & Fluoroscopy: factors that
influence patient radiation dose. Dose affecting factors. Mammography systems. Dose in
mammography. Screen-film cassettes used in mammography. Mammography guided biopsy.
Fluoroscopy image intensifler. Radiography and angiography with fluoroscopic units. Dose to
radiologist.
Seminar №3: Conduction of oral and written survey. Control work. Radiography, Film-screen and
digital, Mammography & Fluoroscopy.
Lecture №4. Optical imaging: bioluminescence imaging. Fluorescence imaging.
Seminar №4: Conduction of oral and written survey. Optical imaging.
5
11.03
6
18.03
7
01.04
8
08.04
9
10
15.04
22.04
11
29.04
12
06.05
Lecture №5. Ultrasound Imaging: what is ultrasound? Advantages and problems. Brief history of
ultrasound in medicine. Sound waves and ultrasound waves. The physics of ultrasound. Generation of
ultrasound. Velocity of sound in various materials. Wavelength and frequency. Reflection and
Transmission. Refraction. Ultrasound-tissue intractions. How is the ultrasound image produced?
Distance measurement. Instrumentation.
Seminar №5: Conduction of oral and written survey. Ultrasound Imaging.
Lecture №6. Ultrasound Imaging (cont): The transducer. The piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric
materials. The receiver. Time gain compensation. Ultrasound fields. Focused transducers. Factors
affecting beamsteering. Types of Scanner modes (A-mode, B-mode, M-mode or TM-mode). Dopler
imaging. Artefacts in ultrasound imaging
Seminar №6: Conduction of oral and written survey. Ultrasound Imaging (cont).
Lecture №7. Ultrasound Image Analysis: vessels, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys.
Seminar №7: Conduction of oral and written survey. Control work. Ultrasound Image Analysis:
vessels, liver etc.
Lecture №8. Ultrasound Image Analysis (cont.): adrenal glands, stomach, bladder, prostate, uterius,
thyroid gland.
Seminar №8: Conduction of oral and written survey. Ultrasound Image Analysis: prostate, thyroid
gland etc.
Mid term exam
Lecture №9. Computed Tomography: what is computed tomography (ct)? Standard X-Ray views. The
CT contrast advantage. Instrumentation. Pixels and voxels. Volumetric data. Sinogram. Classical
tomography. Transverse tomography. Measuring an object in CT. Filtred back-projection.
Reconstricting the image.
Seminar №9: Conduction of oral and written survey. CT.
Lecture №10. Computed Tomography: CT numbers of various tissues. Classification according to CT
generation. Modern CT scanners. Axial CT. Spiral CT and Multi-slice CT. Computed Tomography
fluoroscopy. Contrast agents. Artifacts. Clinical applications of CT. CT angiography. Radiation
dosages and risks.
Seminar №10: Conduction of oral and written survey. Control work. Angiography.
Lecture №11. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): what is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)? Why
use MRI? Potential risks and contraindications. Basic steps in acquiring MR Images.Where does the
MR signal come from? Application of a magnetic field. The Boltzmann distribution. Precession and
the Larmor Frequency. Resonance (excitation). Adding an RF Pulse. Generation of the MR signal
from patient. After the RF Pulse T1 and T2 relaxation. Pulse sequences. TR. TE (Time to echo).
Instrumentation. Magnet assembly. Superconducting Magnet Resonance System. Signal to noise ratio.
13
13.05
14
20.05
15
27.05
RF colls. Gradient coils. Gradient magnetic fields.
Seminar №11: Conduction of oral and written survey. MRI.
Lecture №12. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (cont.): Neuroimaging research examples:
Structural MRI. Functional MRI (task). Diffusion MRI. Functional MRI (resting).
Seminar №12: Conduction of oral and written survey. Functional MRI.
Lecture №13. Nuclear Medicine Imaging: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT):
what is nuclear medicine? Nuclear imaging. Nuclear imaging-isotopes. Nuclear imaging-radioactive
decay. Gamma radiation. Positron emission. Useful isotopes. SPECT. PET. Clinical PET. PET
Applications. PET Problems. PET reconstruction.
Seminar №13: Conduction of oral and written survey. Nuclear Medicine Imaging
Lecture №14. Nuclear Medicine Imaging (cont.): Positron Emission Tomography (PET): PET.
Clinical PET. PET Applications. PET Problems. PET reconstruction.
Imaging applications in Therapy. Coordinates. X-ray medical imaging. Image contrast. X-ray
detectors. Mammography. Fluoroscopy. Use of passive contrast agents. Angiography. CT. Nuclear
medical imaging. SPECT. PET. MRI. MR angiography. MR spectroscopy.
Seminar №14: Conduction of oral and written survey. Control work. Nuclear Medicine Imaging
(cont.) Conduction of oral and written survey. Imaging applications in Therapy.
Final Exam