Department of Academic and Professional Studies SCHEME OF WORK 2010-2011 MODULE/UNIT TITLE: COURSE/SUBJECT TITLE: PREPARED BY: Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis BTEC National Applied Science (Forensic Science) Laura Long COURSE OVERVIEW: 2 Cohorts of 1 Class per Week: Monday 13:30-15:15 – Teacher = Laura Long Wednesday 13:30-15:15 – Teacher = Laura Long This course leads to a BTEC qualification issued by Edexcel examination body and is a recognised part of the national qualifications framework. Its specification provides an appropriate foundation for further study of forensic science or related courses and is recognised as a science qualification for those wishing to enter a university training course. LEARNING OUTCOMES: See specification AWARDING BODY: Edexcel ECM – 1. Many topics naturally encourage healthy lifestyle. 2. Risk assessments done for practical work to keep safe. 3. Enrichment offered as competitions, forensic science journals, fun in lessons. 4. Some independent learning and presentations to develop confidence. 5. Topics linked to real work situations. LESSON DURATION: 1.75 Hours per Week ASSESSMENT DETAILS: START DATE: END DATE: W/C 13th September 2010 W/C 20th June 2011 Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Assignment #1 is based on the collection of evidence from a simulated crime scene and marks are awarded for the completion of crime scene notes, evidence collection and a summarising report. Assignment #2 is based on a laboratory examination of a piece of evidence, and marks are awarded for completion of laboratory examination forms, analysis of recovered evidence and a summarising report. A mock court activity will also carry marks to the final module grade. Page 1 Session Teaching topic Delivery methods Linked assessment Week 1 13-09-10 Induction Introductions and brief description of why the learners chose to study the course and career choices. Individually fill out ILP sheets. Working in groups of three, carry out ‘Sources of Information’ activity. Complete ‘Safety Signs’ activity as a whole group. The ‘Ideal Student’ activity – make posters. Week 2 20-09-10 Week 3 27-09-10 Week 4 04-04-10 Course Preparation: PHE Unit As part of the diagnostic programme for this course, learners are to complete a ‘preparation to higher education’ project. This will be delivered for the first two weeks instead of unit content. Learners are to work in teams to complete an individual research plan, an essay plan & academic essay on a forensic topic (Agreed by course tutors), participate in a group oral presentation and write an individual reflective report. This aims to develop generic study skills required on the course. Crime scene and forensic science — types of forensic science and forensic evidence. Small group discussion — what is forensic science and what are types of forensic evidence? What does a SOCO do? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; learners to compile a list of types of evidence and roles in forensic science. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — types of forensic science and evidence, and role of the SOCO and forensic scientist. Individual work — matching flashcards of forensic departments with descriptions. Practical work in pairs — identifying, describing and sketching range of biological, chemical and physical types of evidence. All grading criteria. Information on ‘what is forensic science’ and role of SOCO and range of forensic scientists. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Flashcards of names of forensic departments and descriptions of what they do. Example items of biological, chemical and physical types of evidence, e.g. hairs, blood stained t-shirt; coke can with fingerprints, drugs wrap, and bottle of poison bullet, video cassette tape, and broken glass. ‘Crime scene evidence’ documentation forms for observations and sketches. Week 5 11-10-10 Crime scene — health and safety, anticontamination techniques. Small group discussion — dangers and hazards at range of different types of crime scene. Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised, compile list of dangers and discuss control methods to reduce danger. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet P1, P4, M1, M4, D1, D4 Information on crime scene hazards and health and safety. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] All Criteria Resources required Induction booklets Course Handbooks Specification Safety Signs Poster paper, pens Page 2 — health and safety regulations and issues of contamination and control measures, e.g. restricting the scene, security of evidence and PPE. Pair work — complete risk assessment forms for different types of crime scene. Individual work — examine crime scene sketches and draw on where restriction barriers should be surrounding scenes. Week 6 18-10-10 Recording the scene — note taking, sketching, photographing. Small group discussion — why, what and how do we record the crime scene? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; learners to compile a list of advantages and disadvantages of recording techniques. Individual work — reading comprehension ‘true or false’ questions on documenting methods of recording the scene. Small group work — placing crime scene notes and photos in sequential order. Individual work — examines crime scene sketches, measure dimensions of scene and use co-ordinate methods to locate evidence. 25-10-10 Week 7 01-11-10 Learner worksheet. Examples of PPE, e.g. SOCO suit, gloves, facemask, shoe covers. Risk assessment forms. Bird’s-eye-view diagrams/sketches of range of crime scenes. P1, P4, M1, M4, D1, D4 Information on crime scene recording. Whiteboard and pens. Reading comprehension material and questions. Notes and photos from ‘mock’ crime scene investigations. Bird’s-eye-view diagrams/sketches of range of scenes. Protractors, pencils, rulers. Crime scene and evidence documentation forms. P1, P4, M1, M4, D1, D4 Information on crime scene searching and evidence collection. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Practical equipment, e.g. lifting tape, acetate sheets, marker pens, items of clothes with small hairs and fibres on, fingerprint powders and brushes, drinks cans with fingerprints on, casting powder and frames, trays of mud/sand. HALF TERM Searching for and recovering forensic evidence. Small group discussion — what types of evidence to search for at different types of crime scene? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; learners to compile a list of types of evidence searched for at different crime scenes determine whether biological, physical or chemical. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — search methods, e.g. quadrant/zone, spiral, strip/line and grid methods. Small group discussion — what methods are suitable for collecting different types of evidence at the crime scene, Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Page 3 e.g. swabbing blood, taping and hand picking for hairs and fibres, casting footprints and tool marks, powdering fingerprints etc. Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of collection and recovery techniques. Pair practical work — taping fibres and hairs from clothes, powdering fingerprints and casting footprints. Crime scene and evidence documentation forms. Week 8 08-11-10 Packaging and labelling evidence. Small group discussion — what types of packaging should be used for different types of evidence? What information needs to go on documentation forms and labels? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of packaging and chain of continuity rules. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — chain of continuity, security, packaging, labelling and storage of evidence. Pair work — matching flashcards of different types of evidence with correct types of packaging. Individual practical work — packaging and labelling range of items of evidence using SOCO crime scene notes. P1, P4, M1, M4, D1, D4 Information on packaging and chain of continuity. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Flashcards of types of evidence and packaging. Practical equipment, e.g. evidence labels, ‘mock’ SOCO crime scene notes, items of evidence (hairs, drinks cans with fingerprints on, blood-stained clothes, knife, drug powders and pills, fibres, glass) and range of types of packaging (grip seal bags, plastic and paper evidence bags, weapons tubes, sealed tins). Crime scene and evidence documentation forms. Week 9 15-11-10 Forensic evidence and crime scene processing. Case study practical. Class discussion and Q&A — review of crime scene examination and processing stages. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — applying techniques learned in the laboratory to the workplace. Class discussion and Q&A — writing an expert witness report of a scene of crime examination. Pair practical work — crime scenario based examination of ‘mock’ crime scene and recovery of evidence. Pair work — writing brief report of examination and findings based on evidence and paperwork. P1, P4, M1, M4, D1, D4 Information summarising crime scene processing steps. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Example of SOCO examination report. ‘Mock’ crime scene planted with relevant evidence. Practical equipment, e.g. PPE including SOCO suits, overshoes, gloves, torch, magnifying glass, tweezers, swabs, evidence packaging, labels. Crime scene and evidence documentation forms. Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Page 4 Week 10 22-11-10 Assignment 1 Pair assessed practical work — crime scenario based examination of ‘mock’ crime scene and recovery of evidence. P1, P4, M1, M4, D1, D4 Learner assignment worksheet with crime scenario details. ‘Mock’ crime scene planted with relevant evidence. Practical equipment, e.g. PPE including SOCO suits, overshoes, gloves, torch, magnifying glass, tweezers, swabs, evidence packaging, labels. Crime scene and evidence documentation forms. Week 11 29-11-10 Assignment 1 Planning of report and review of evidence, packaging, labelling, documentation forms, photos etc. P1, P4, M1, M4, D1, D4 Information on writing reports. Collected packaged evidence. Completed documentation forms. Photographs of scene. Week 12 06-12-10 Forensic analysis. + General Lab Exam Small group discussion — what stages does the evidence go through from the crime scene to court? What techniques are used to analyse evidence in the forensic laboratory? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised, identify crime scene to court process and compile list of types of evidence and forensic analytical techniques used. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — identification and comparison of forensic evidence. Individual work — reading comprehension and missing word questions on writing SOCO reports, format and contents. Learner role play — giving ‘expert opinion’ evidence in a court of law. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on crime scene to court process and forensic analysis. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Reading comprehension material and questions. Role-play scenarios, e.g. giving evidence as an expert in making tea, making toast, mowing the lawn, making a phone call. Week 13 13-12-10 20-12-10 27-12-10 Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] CHRISTMAS BREAK Page 5 Week 14 03-01-11 Spectroscopic analysis. Small group discussion — what is light? What is the electromagnetic spectrum? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of colours and wavelengths of light. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to spectroscopy and types of spectroscopic techniques. Pair work — complete word search based on spectroscopic terms and definitions. Individual work — comparison of spectrum to identify drugs and poisons in crime scene samples. Pair practical work — colorimetric analysis of drugs and poisons based on crime scenario. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on spectroscopic techniques. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Spectroscopy word search. Drug and poison spectrum of ‘mock’ reference and crime scene samples on paper and acetates. Practical equipment, e.g. assortment of coloured pills and powders, colorimeter, cuvettes. Crime scenario for practical case study with spectroscopy evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ drug and poison reference samples. Week 15 10-01-11 Week 16 17-01-11 Chromatographic analysis. Small group discussion — what is a mixture? How can a mixture be separated? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of separation techniques. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to chromatography and types of chromatographic techniques. Pair work — complete hangman game based on chromatographic terms and definitions. Individual work — comparison of chromatograms to identify drugs and poisons in crime scene samples. Pair practical work — paper and thin layer chromatographic analysis of drugs and poisons based on crime scenario. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on chromatographic techniques. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Chromatography hangman game. Drug and poison chromatograms of ‘mock’ reference and crime scene samples on paper and acetates. Practical equipment, e.g. assortment of coloured pills and powders, filter and TLC paper, solvents. Crime scenario for practical case study with chromatography evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ drug and poison reference samples. Drugs of abuse, alcohol and poisons. Small group discussion — what is a drug of abuse? What are laws regarding drugs? What different poisons are there? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised, compile list of P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, Information on drugs of abuse, poisons and alcohol. Whiteboard and pens. Week 17 24-01-11 Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Page 6 drugs of abuse, their class and criminal penalties. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to toxicology, drugs, alcohol and poisons. Individual work — use internet sites to complete spreadsheet based on information about different types of drug including, e.g. class, laws, alternative names, street value, risks. Group work — label life-sized body diagram with effects of alcohol on different organs. Pair work — complete crossword based on names and definitions of poisons and drugs. D4 PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Computers and internet access. Internet websites of relevant information, e.g. ‘Talk to Frank’ website. Large body diagram. Poisons and drugs crossword. Week 18 31-01-11 Chemical Enhancement of marks Small group discussion — what types of marks need treatment? What is chemical enhancement? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of enhancement techniques. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to chemical enhancement methods, what they treat and H&S involved. . Practical work — circus of enhancement methods – learners are to complete a series (ninhydrin, superglue, DFO) and document their findings. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on chemical enhancement techniques. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Practical equipment, e.g. assortment of samples, test equipment, marks to be recovered. Crime scenario for practical case study with marked evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ reference samples. Week 19 Ballistics. Small group discussion — what area does ballistics cover? What types of guns and ammunition are available in UK and USA? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of techniques of analysis. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to gun evidence and ballistics analysis. Individual work — labelling parts of guns. Pair work — identification of bullet and cartridge pictures. Pair practical work — identifying gunpowder residue using colour tests based on crime scenario. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on ballistics. Learner worksheet. Gun, Bullet and cartridge pictures. Practical equipment, e.g. toy guns and swabs ‘taken from suspect’s hands’ covered with ‘mock’ gun powder residue and colour testing reagents (e.g. acid and alkali powders with universal indicator). Crime scenario for practical case study with chemical evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ gun powder residue reference samples. 07-02-11 Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Page 7 Week 20 14-02-11 Presumptive colour tests. Small group discussion — what types of drugs and paraphernalia are found at crime scenes? What chemical analytical techniques are used to analyse drugs and poisons? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of drug sampling techniques and health and safety issues. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to presumptive drug testing. Individual reading comprehension and missing word questions — how colour tests work and common examples of forensic colour drug tests. Pair practical work — identifying drugs and poisons using presumptive colour tests based on crime scenario. 21-02-11 Week 21 Information on chemical and toxicological analytical techniques. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Reading comprehension material and questions. Practical equipment, e.g. ‘mock’ drugs and colour testing reagents (e.g. acid and alkali powders with universal indicator). Crime scenario for practical case study with chemical evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ drug and poison reference samples. HALF TERM Blood evidence. Small group discussion — in what types of crimes would blood evidence be found? How can blood be collected safely at the crime scene? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of blood health and safety issues and collection techniques. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — composition and characteristics of blood. Individual work — using internet to investigate blood presumptive colour tests and ABO blood typing. Small group work — producing posters on blood analysis techniques. Pair practical work — crime scenario based practical using Haemstix and blood typing to identify and compare blood evidence. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on blood evidence, collection and analysis. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Computers and internet access. Large poster card, felt-tip pens, scissors, sticky tape, glue. Practical equipment, e.g. animal blood, Haemstix or hemident forensic colour presumptive test for blood, simulated ABO blood typing kit. Crime scenario for practical case study with body fluid evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ suspect’s reference blood type. DNA evidence. Small group discussion — which types of forensic evidence can be profiled for DNA? What criminal cases have been P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, Information on DNA profiling. Whiteboard and pens. 28-02-11 Week 22 07-03-11 P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Page 8 solved using DNA? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of DNA contamination issues and control methods. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to DNA profiling techniques. Small group work — paper-based simulation of enzyme digestion of DNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Pair practical work — crime scenario based practical on DNA extraction, digestion and electrophoresis to profile suspect and crime scene samples. M4, D2, D3, D4 PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Paper-based enzyme digestion activity. Practical equipment, e.g. forensic DNA activity kit, electrophoresis tanks and power supply. Crime scenario for practical case study with DNA evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ suspect’s reference DNA profile. Week 23 14-03-11 Blood pattern analysis. Small group discussion — what is BPA? What different types of patterns and how caused? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of blood pattern mechanisms and characteristics. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to BPA, patterns and calculations. Group work — matching flashcards of pictures of spatter patterns with terms and definitions. Individual work — following handout on calculations to determine angle of impact and point or origin to complete questions. Pair practical work — using strings to establish point of origin based on crime scenario. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on BPA. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Flashcards of pictures of spatter patterns, terms and definitions. Angle of impact and point or origin calculations and questions handout. Practical equipment, e.g. blood spatter patterns, string, protractors, tape measures, rulers. Crime scenario for practical case study with BPA evidence paperwork. Week 24 21-03-11 Fingerprints. Small group discussion — what are fingerprint impressions? Are fingerprints unique? Are fingerprints permanent? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of types of prints, what prints can be left on and in. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to fingerprint evidence, types and patterns, the enhancement, identification and comparison process. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on types of fingerprints, fingerprint patterns and enhancement techniques. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Flashcards of types and patterns of fingerprints and Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Page 9 Pair work — matching flashcards of fingerprint pictures with pattern and type definitions. Pair work — playing fingerprint snap card game. Pair practical work — using ink to take impressions. definitions. Fingerprint snap cards made of up of matching pairs of different pattern fingerprints. Practical equipment, e.g. fingerprint ink, inked fingerprint forms, fingerprint powders and brushes, drinks cans and bottles bearing fingerprints. Crime scenario for practical case study with fingerprint evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ suspect inked prints. Individual practical work — powdering and lifting fingerprints from items of evidence. Small group practical work — crime scenario based practical on powdering and comparing lifted prints to suspects’ inked prints. Week 25 28-03-11 Hair evidence. + Fibre Evidence Small group discussion — what types of crimes is hair analysis used for? Can hair be linked to an individual person? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of strengths and weaknesses of hair evidence. Individual work — reading comprehension and ‘true or false’ questions on hair evidence and structure of hair. Individual work — label structures of hair on diagram of hair and skin. Pair practical work — using microscope to identify, draw and measure structures of hair. Small group practical work — circuit of short identification and comparison workshops based on crime scenarios, focusing on characteristics of different types of hair (animal hair, body hair, racial characteristics). P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on hair evidence and analysis. Whiteboard and pens. Reading comprehension material and questions. Unlabelled diagrams of cross-section of hair and skin. Practical equipment, e.g. collection of range of hairs (from different races, body area, and animals), microscopes, slides, cover slips, glycerin, and measurement scales. Crime scenarios for practical case studies with hair evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ suspect’s reference hairs. Week 26 04-04-11 Bones Small group discussion — what is forensic anthropology? What type of crimes does a forensic anthropologist investigate? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised, compile list of information can bones provide in a forensic investigation. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — using bones to establish time and cause of death. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on forensic anthropology. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Skeleton diagrams. Large self-assembly skeleton or paper skeleton cut Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Page 10 Individual work — labelling a diagram of the skeleton. Small group work — building a skeleton. Pair practical work — examining bones and identifying victims based on crime scenario. 11-04-11 18-04-11 Week 27 25-04-11 Week 28 02-05-11 up into jigsaw pieces. Practical equipment, e.g. range of human bones, callipers, rulers, magnifying glass. Crime scenario for practical case study with bone evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ victim’s reference details. EASTER BREAK Fibre, ink, paint and glass evidence Small group discussion — what types of crimes are associated with fibre, ink, paint and glass evidence? How are they collected and packaged at the crime scene? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised; compile list of techniques of analysis. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — introduction to fibre, ink, paint and glass evidence. Individual work — piecing together jigsaws of broken glass evidence. Pair practical work — using microscope to identify and compare fibres based on crime scenario. Group practical work — TLC and colorimetric analysis of ink evidence based on crime scenario. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on spectroscopic techniques. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Jigsaw puzzle simulation of broken glass evidence. Practical equipment, e.g. range of fibres, collection of felt-tip pens, microscope, TLC and colorimetry equipment. Crime scenarios for practical case studies with evidence paperwork and ‘mock’ fibre and pen reference samples. Forensic Photography Not to overlap with forensic photography unit – Small group discussion — why is photography necessary at a crime scene? How does it differ from artistic photography? Class discussion and Q&A on issues raised, mindmap the value of this technique. Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — how to photograph a crime scene and evidence. Individual work — complete photography circus on mock scenes and complete relevant documentation. Pair work — evaluate your approach to these images P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on forensic photography. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Cameras & equipment Mock crime scenes & evidence Evaluation forms Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Page 11 Week 29 02-05-11 Forged Documents Small group discussion — in what types of crimes are forged documents found? How are they collected at a scene? Tutor presentation with accompanying learner worksheet — how to examine forged documents. Individual works — complete a forensic examination of a forged document and record all findings. P2, P3, P4, M2, M3, M4, D2, D3, D4 Information on forged documents. Whiteboard and pens. PowerPoint presentation. Learner worksheet. Practical equipment, e.g. forged cheques, crime scene scenario, pens from suspects, intelligence info imprinted. Week 30 Expert Witnesses Presentation of How to act as an Expert Witness. Handout to follow. Role Play of How to act as an Expert Witness. M1-M4 D1-D4 Expert Witness Video PowerPoint Presentation & Worksheet Expert Witness Video and practice opportunity Mock Court Present findings from the module as an Expert Witness at the UoT Courthouse. M1-M4 D1-D4 Observation as an Expert Witness. 16-05-11 Week 31 23-05-11 30-05-11 Week 32 06-06-11 Week 33 13-06-11 Week 34 HALF TERM Assignment Workshop Assignment Workshop Workshop sessions to let learners hone their assignment. Resources available & guidance from staff. Completion of final assignment. Workshop sessions to let learners hone their assignment. Completion Resources available & guidance from staff. of final assignment. Submission of work & end of course Forensic Evidence Collection & Analysis [Prepared by: Laura Long] Learners to identify, which grading criteria they are aiming to meet. Learners to identify, which grading criteria they are aiming to meet. Page 12 Laura Wade Page 13 06/03/2016