Safety Considerations
in the Family Studies Classroom
Revised in Summer 2006
FASHION
Revised and Updated by
Lisa Efstatheu
Reviewed by
Suzanne Robertson
Sue Dalton
Edited and Managed by
Michelyn Putignano
Figure 1: Sewing Safety 1O1
1
Safety Considerations in the Family Studies Classroom
FASHION LABS
Table of Contents
Page
Title Page………………………………………………………….
1
Health & Safety Considerations in the Fashion Lab………………
4
Setting Up and Maintaining Safe Fashion Lab Facilities………….
4
Keep it Clean
Storage
Student Sewing Supply Boxes
Floors
Fitting Area
Hanging Area
Electricity
Efficient Work Area
Ventilation
Cutting Surface Size
Mirrors
Lighting and Fields of View
Equipment and Operating Practices……………………………….
General
Equipment
Sewing Machine
Iron
Serger
Personal Protective Equipment
6
Teaching and Assessment Tools………………………………….
Getting Ready to Sew – Diagnostic Test
Getting Ready to Sew – Answer Key
Lab Safety Word Search
Lab Safety Word Search – Answer Key
Establishing Classroom Safety Rules – Fill in the Blank
Establishing Classroom Safety Rules – Answer Key
Word Wizard of Sewing Equipment
Word Wizard of Sewing Equipment – Answer Key
Ironing and Pressing
Ironing and Pressing – Answer Key
Seam Allowances and Seam Finishes
Seam Finishes - Rubric
The Basic Sewing Kit
Sewing Machine Parts and Functions
Sewing Machine Parts and Functions – Answer Key
Safety Poster Assignment
Safety Poster Evaluation Rubric
9
2
Reading A Sewing Pattern
Symbol Syntax
Symbol Syntax – Answer Key
Letter to Families
Fashion Safety Agreement
Teacher Observation Facility Safety Checklist
Personal Safety Habit Evaluation
Safety Inspection Report
Teacher Observation Safety Report Form
Fashion Lab Safety Posters ………………………………………
Serger Safety Rules
Sewing Machine Safety Rules
The Use of Sewing Equipment
Fashion Lab Safety
45
Certificate of Achievement (Students)……………………………
49
References………………………………………………………….
50
Appendices……………………………………………………….
Appendix A: Sewing Machine Basics
Appendix B: Serger Machine Basics
Appendix C: Basic Equipment
Appendix D: Sewing Tools
Appendix E: Choosing and Using Cutting Tools
Appendix F:
Machine Spacing
Appendix G: Room Design and Layout
Appendix H: Key Planning Principles
Appendix I:
Room to Sew
Appendix J:
Choosing and Using Cutting Tools
53
Web sites and Resource List……………………………………...
Audiovisual Aids
Community and Professional (Safety) Contacts and Resources
Equipment and Supplies
Games (on-line)
Journals
Posters
Project Ideas
Songs
Teaching Kits
Texts
66
PDF File
PDF File
3
HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE FASHION LAB
Currently, there are no pre-requisites for The Fashion Industry, Grade 12, Open (HNB40) or
Fashion and Creative Expression, Grade 11, Open (HNC30). While some students enrolled in this
course may have taken the Grade 11 course, Fashion and Creative Expression, many others may
not have received the necessary training to work in a safe manner in the sewing classroom. And, in
the Grade 9 course, Individual and Family Living (HIF1O/2O), there are many students who
participate in sewing construction projects with little to no sewing experience from their
elementary feeder schools.
There are no learning expectations that refer to health and safety in the Family Studies classroom
described for these courses in The Ontario Curricula: Social Sciences and Humanities, Grade 9
and 10; Grades 11 and 12 (OMET, 199; 2000). However, health and safety in Family Studies
courses is essential to a successful program and is implied to a greater extent throughout this
document. As the following citation supports:
In Family Studies courses, teachers must take particular care to ensure that health
and safety requirements are met and safety procedures followed when students are
involved in practical activities. Students must be made aware of any health or safety
hazards that might be connected with the activities in which they are engaged and
must be coached in the proper use of safety equipment, such as fire extinguishers
(OMET, 2000, p 141).
SETTING UP and MAINTAINING SAFE LAB FACILITIES
Operating sewing machines and sergers tends to be repetitive work subject to fatigue and eyestrain.
The teaching areas should allow effective supervision and safety considerations with an
unimpeded view of all the room and equipment. The working areas for each student should allow
for adequate space, light and ventilation. Ensuring that each student has an organized and
ergonomically correct area will aid in setup. See Appendix F, G, and H, p 63-65 for additional
insight regarding possible room design, layout and planning principles for new construction.
Further information is available from the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
(May, 2002), in the handbook, School Workers Health and Safety Guide (2nd ed), Sections X Work environment, Section XI - Ergonomics, and Section XII - Personal protective equipment.
From LifeTips (2006), the following suggestions are given in consideration of sewing lab
organization, design and layout:
Keep it Clean /Storage
Your students will be more productive in the fashion lab when things are organized and clean.
Students should be encouraged to clean up their work space and sewing areas at the end of each
fashion lab class. Sweeping the floors, wiping off work surfaces to pick up lint, thread clippings
and fibers from their construction work should be a shared responsibility of all students working in
the fashion lab.
4
Storage
Plastic floss boxes work great for storing buttons, snaps, closures, hooks and eyes. There are
several rows of small compartments for separating and storing tiny accessories and notions.
Patterns accumulated from several years of teaching fashion courses can become unwieldy if not
stored with some care. A filing cabinet or cardboard file box provides ideal pattern storage. If
your pattern collection is large, sort the patterns by style (hand puppets, aprons, leisure pants,
boxer shorts, etc) or by size. Be sure to clearly label the outside of the boxes. Sewing machine
needles should be kept in a separate storage boxes. Many fashion labs have more than one brand
of sewing machine and they may require specific needles. Plastic business card holders, from any
office supply store, will hold about fifteen boxes of needles. Needles should be stored in a place
where students have access but should be contained and locked after each lab. Small baskets are
suitable for storing sewing tools and gadgets. Wire or mash baskets are better than wicker because
they are easier to clean. Again, many sharp objects are often included as sewing tools, and should
be located in a student accessible space that can be locked up after each lab. Scissors and sewing
shears, as well, need to be accessible, but in a safe place. A purchased scissor block (similar to a
kitchen knife block) from a sewing specialty store works well. Other storage solutions are drawer
or hanging on a hook. Mark your scissors “for fabric only”, as they will dull if used with paper,
and dull scissors contribute to more cutting accidents than sharpened pairs. Thread gets brittle and
breaks when it gets old. Storing thread in airtight containers, such as Ziploc bags, will keep it from
drying out as quickly. Thread exposure to sunlight and heat will also accelerate break down.
Machine manuals and instruction booklets could be stored near each machine, ideally, in a storage
compartment in each sewing cabinet.
Student Sewing Supply Boxes
Clear stackable boxes are great for students to store their sewing supplies. Clear shoe boxes are
great for notions. Larger boxes are great for projects; keeping fabric, pattern, and notions stored
together. An economical option is to use the covered cardboard boxes that originally hold staff
copying paper and re-cycle them for student sewing storage. Covered boxes are ideal because they
stack well to save space and they keep the dust out.
Floors
Consider the pros and cons of different flooring: care, wear and tear, comfort, and noise level.
Carpeting is comfortable and quiet, however, pins are easily lost in carpeting and threads are hard
to pick up. If your lab facility is currently carpeted, you may want to consider having it removed
for practicality and safety issues. Hard surfaced floors are easier safer, easier to clean but are
usually noisier and scratch easier.
Fitting Area
A good fitting area will be located in front of a full length mirror. The floor surface should be hard
and even for measuring hem heights. The area needs to be large enough for a person to work on
all sides of the person being fit. Ideally, there should be some privacy space incorporated into the
general fitting area for changing.
Hanging Area
Whether you use a bar or hooks, hanging space should clear at least 70 inches off the floor, so full
length garments can hang freely. Construction project exemplars, or student “works in progress,”
need a place to hang unencumbered and, ideally, in a place that you can lock up for security.
5
Electricity
Keep in mind where electrical outlets are located when arranging sewing spaces. Extension cords
can be dangerous; there use should be limited in the lab. Power strips with surge protectors and
circuit breakers are recommended, especially for irons and machines. Power cords must not create
a tripping hazard and ideally with the design of new schools a circuit breaker located in the sewing
lab would best serve a teacher dealing with an emergency situation. Power equipment especially
computerized machines should be attached to an outlet with a surge control.
Efficient Work Area
The design layout of student work areas should emphasize efficiency and safety. Consider the
three primary functions performed in fashion labs: cutting, sewing and pressing. It is important to
be able to move quickly, freely and safely between these areas. Keep this “work triangle” in mind
when designing you sewing area.
Ventilation
Fabrics are often treated with chemicals for shipping and storage. Dry-cleaned material and
garments release chemical fumes. Working with fabric produces large amounts of dust and lint.
To reduce fatigue and increase air quality, make sure that the lab is well ventilated with fresh air.
Cutting Surface Size
Cutting surfaces or tables should be at least 30 inches wide and 60 inches long. The cutting
surfaces should also be accessible from both sides, for the adequate care and safety of both left and
right-handed cutters.
Mirrors
Full length mirrors need to be large enough to see the whole person being viewed, from top of the
head to the floor. Test mirror placement with students of different heights before affixing a
permanent location in the fitting area. Three-way mirrors and free-standing mirrors that can be
moved to different angles are great but will require additional care in storage and handling.
Lighting and Fields of View
The teacher must have an unobstructed view of the equipment and students at all times. It is
essential that students maintain clear, well-luminated fields of view. Equipment must be
maintained in safe operating order and conditions inspected regularly, including properly
functioning lighting. Adequate lighting should include a combination of general lighting in the lab
and specific task lighting at each machine.
EQUIPMENT AND OPERATING PRACTICES
General
Teachers must ensure the recommendations of the Ontario Association of School Boards
Officials’ Health and Safety Committee related to sewing machine are enforced with students,
which include but are not limited to the following recommendations:
● manufacturer’s instructions for operation and maintenance adhered
● review and discuss potential hazards associated with the machines
● ensure that specific instruction is given pertaining to potentially hazardous situations, and
documented
6
Students must be instructed on the safe methods of using and handling all equipment in the
classroom. They should be informed of any potentially hazardous uses for that particular item.
Manufacturers’ instructions, which are contained in manuals and/or presented in video form,
should be presented and strictly followed. Complete understanding of safety rules and instructions
should be demonstrated prior to being given teacher permission for machine and equipment
operations.
Equipment will vary in each location; therefore the following list will cover basic items found in
most fashion classrooms. The following sewing safety guidelines are given in Clothing Fashion.
Fabrics, Construction (Weber, 1990, p 356) in the section entitled “Sewing Handbook:”
Equipment
 Keep pins in a pincushion, never in mouth or clothes.
 Keep shears and scissors closed when not using.
 Pass sharp objects; handle first, to another person.
 Carry all sharp and pointed tools or objects with the sharp end in a downward position.
 Keep tools and supplies in your sewing box, or designated storage cupboard, when not in use.
 Remove all rings, watches and jewelry where conditions are warranted.
 Consider where other people are, especially when cutting or ironing.
 Inspect tools for safe operation before usage and report any damaged or worn tools that are
unsafe.
 Enforce usage of all tools and equipment as their designed purpose
Sewing Machine
 Keep the sewing machine cord out of people’s way.
 Use a slow speed when learning how to use the machine. Maintain control - DO NOT speed!
 Always keep tools, fingers, clothing and hair away from the needle.
 Do not lean your face too close when stitching in case the needle breaks.
 Remove pins before sewing over them.
 Unplug the cord from the outlet first, and then disconnect cord from the machine when not in
use.
 Close the sewing machine carefully or replace its cover when you are finished sewing.
 Task lights and power should be turned off when not in use.
Iron
 Don’t touch a hot iron except on the handle.
 Keep your fingers and face away from the steam.
 When ironing or pressing, balance weight equally on both feet.
 Locate the iron cord so that the iron will not be accidentally pulled off the ironing board.
 Rest the iron on its heel when not in use.
 Unplug the iron when finished. Empty water when not in use. Let the iron cool and then store
properly.
Serger
Commercial manufacturers provide safety instructions for use with their equipment.
following are general precautions when using sergers.
The
7










Exercise caution with regard to the up and down movement of the needle and constantly
observe the sewing area during work.
Do not place objects in openings on the machine.
Never operate machine on a soft surface (i.e. bed, sofa) where air openings may be blocked.
Do not use out of doors.
Keep fingers away from moving parts. Special care required near sewing machine needle.
Always use the proper needle plate.
Do not use bent or blunt needles. Only use needles recommended by the manufacturer.
Do not pull or push fabric while stitching. It may deflect the needle, causing it to break.
Remove pins as you sew. Do not sew over pins.
Switch the machine off when making adjustments to the machine such as threading, changing
the needle etc.
Personal Protective Equipment
 Snugly fit latex-free gloves may be worn if a student is sensitive to fabric fibers or has an open
cut that is irritated by direct contact with fabric fibers.
 Properly fitted clothing must be worn; loose clothing is more likely to catch on moving parts.
 Long hair should be tied up to maintain clear fields of view.
 Feet should be adequately protected; no open-toed shoes allowed in fashion labs.
 Protective eyewear should be encouraged and made available for student use, but teachers
should consult specific school board for individual policies regarding eyewear protection.
8
TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT TOOLS
The following activities have been prepared for classroom use as assessment tools, worksheets and
informational posters suitable for photocopy to introduce student expectations for safe handling
and usage of sewing machines and equipment.
With regards to health and safety instruction, it is recommended in this document that:
 Students complete a diagnostic test before practical sewing tasks are assigned. *
 Students are taught to plan and organize their work area and equipment with conscious
planning towards a safe workspace. *
 A letter is sent home to Parents/Guardians providing information as to the responsibility of
students to prevent accidents. *
 Students are trained and tested in the safe operation of the equipment used in the fashion
lab.
 Sign a safety contract, which is kept on file by the teacher.*
 Once the instructional activities are completed, students are evaluated to assess individual
levels of competency in operation of the equipment to be used in the fashion lab and the
safety procedures be followed in the fashion class. *
* Student worksheets (and ANSWER KEYS, where applicable) are included in this package.
Additional handouts to assist you in sewing machine operation safety and equipment safety are
attached at the end of this document, in Appendices A, B, C, D, E; and in Appendices I and J,
which are separate PDF files, available on the OFSLC Website.
The following website(s) may also be used with students with computer and internet access to
extend the reach of learning about safety considerations in the fashion labs:
Tools and Equipment On-line Quiz for students at http://www.learners.org.uk/ssf/intro.htm
The Sewing Machine On-line Quiz for students at http://www.learners.org.uk/ssf/intro.htm
The New Interactive Sewing Room at http://www.sew.husqvarna.se/flash_check_syrum/syrum.htm
It is advisable that in each course that involves sewing components, you break down the tasks from
simpler to more complex skills. This allows students to progressively gain confidence and adept
safety practices with each tool or equipment. For example, in the grade 9 course, HIF 1O/2O,
begin with a hand-sewing project, basic clothing mending, and then complete a sewing project
that provides beginner, intermediate and advanced level sewing on the sewing machine. Before
students actually begin garment construction, they could practice “sewing” simple paper mazes
with an un-thread machine (and an old needle because sewing on the paper dulls the needles!).
Students could also be introduced to proper iron care and handling through an iron-on-transfer
project before iron usage in pressing during a sewing construction project. Similarly, in the grade
11 fashion, HNC3O, have students create a recycled garment, participate in repetitive skill building
projects like cutting several baby blankets or quilting squares with a rotary cutter, and build up to a
complete sewing construction project. In grade 12, HNB4O, have students create different weaves
from paper strips, create smaller sized projects, like pajamas for triage babies (must meet industry
standards), and then produce a line of quality garment pieces from beginner to more advanced
sewing skill levels. See “Project Ideas” in Resource List section of this document (p 66-68).
9
GETTING READY TO SEW
Diagnostic Test
This test is for diagnostic purposes only. The teacher will review your answers to determine at
what level to start the safety instruction for the course. Don’t worry if you don’t know the answers
to some of the questions. We will cover the information in the next few days in class.
Answer all questions on the paper.
True or False – Read the statement carefully. If the statement is true write T on the blank. If the
statement is false write F on the blank.
_______1. It is recommended that you turn the power and light switch on before changing needles, presser
feet and needle plates.
_______2. To run the machine, press the foot control pedal. The harder you press, the faster the machine
will go.
_______3. The thread and needle you choose will depend upon the fabric being stitched.
_______4. Test the stitching on a fabric scrap to make sure the tension is correct.
_______5. Straight pins can be safely stored on the bed of your machine for easy access and use.
_______6. Keep your machine in good working order and wash with a little clean soapy water to remove
dust and lint.
_______7. When sewing or serging you should not pull or push the fabric through the machine.
_______8. Lean your face fairly close to the stitching to carefully follow the stitching lines.
_______9. Unplug the electrical cord from the wall outlet before disconnecting the cord from the machine
when not in use.
_______10. As you sew, remove straight pins before stitching over the area.
_______11. Don’t touch an iron except on the soleplate with a wet finger to test for heat.
_______12. Rest the iron flat on its soleplate when not in use.
_______13. Protective eyewear in the fashion lab is available but not mandatory.
_______14. If you do not have a large enough table for cutting, then it is best to cut on the floor where the
fabric can lay flat.
_______15. It’s safe to iron or press over pins, zippers, and other metal objects.
10
Complete the following statements that best show your knowledge of health and safety in the fashion lab.
16.
Safely store sharp objects, like shears, tracing wheels, or seam rippers in ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
17.
Occasionally when material is being sewn, why might “bunching” occur? ____________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
18.
If the sewing machine isn’t working properly, what steps should you follow? _________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
19.
What should you do if the needle breaks? _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
20.
Causes for machine needle breakage include the following:
a) _________________________________
b) _________________________________
c) _________________________________.
11
ANSWER KEY
GETTING READY TO SEW
Diagnostic Test - True/False
1. F – Turn the power and light switch OFF.
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. F – Keep all pins/needles in the pincushion when not in use.
6. F – Follow care and maintenance recommendations in your machine manual. Oil the
sewing machine or serger regularly. Use a soft, dry brush to remove lint from needle and
feed dog or knife areas. (Soft bristle artist brushes work well too) NO SOAPY WATER
7. T
8. F – Keeping too close of proximity to the needle is poor sewing posture and increases your
chances of facial injuries from a broken needle or pin; Keep head upright, and use extra
task lighting on the machine to ensure clear line of vision.
9. T
10. T
11. F – Never touch the soleplate of the iron when in use. Test the iron temperature and steam
setting controls on an inconspicuous area of your material or sizeable fabric scrap.
12. F – When not in use, the iron should be resting upright on its heel (base) end.
13. T
14. T
15. F – Avoid ironing over metal objects that will scratch the bottom. Clean the soleplate if it
should become dirty (when completely cooled) with a soft cloth and commercial cleaner.
16. Sharp objects should be stored in your sewing kit container, if they are your own, or in the
designated space in the fashion lab.
17. “Bunching” may occur if your needle tip is bent or blunt, you may have an incorrect thread
tension, or you may have to check the pressure regulator.
12
18. If the machine isn’t working properly, turn off your light switch and put up your hand for
the teacher to assist you in trouble shooting. Always check first that the machine is in gear
and is plugged into an electrical outlet. (Refer to chart below for additional suggestions)
19. If the needle breaks, turn the power and light switch off. Then unplug your machine and
signal the teacher to assist you with removing and replacing a needle properly.
20. a) the needle may not be the right size or is inserted incorrectly
b) the presser foot may require tightening
c) you may be pulling on the fabric as you sew or forgetting to remove pins before stitching
Problem
Needle comes unthreaded when beginning a row of
stitching.
Thread knots up on the underside of the fabric when
you begin to stitch.
The bottom thread lies along the surface of the
fabric. The stitches are not balanced.
The upper thread lies along the surface of the fabric.
The stitches are not balanced.
Stitches become buried into the fabric.
The sewing machine jams and makes a knocking
noise or you see thread caught in the shuttle.
Machine is skipping stitches.
(Knit fabrics may cause the machine to skip
because of the stretch and density of the fabric;
many knit fabrics also have a chemical residue that
leaves a sticky coating on the needle preventing it
from penetrating the fabric properly)
Fabric does not move.
The upper thread breaks.
The lower thread breaks
Possible Solutions
Be sure the take-up lever is at the highest point
when beginning to stitch.
Hold thread ends under and to the back of the
presser foot when beginning to stitch.
Tighten the top tension.
Loosen the top tension.
Check stitch length on a fabric scrap before sewing
on a garment. Stitch length will need to be adjusted
form fabric to fabric. The thicker the fabric, the
longer the stitch length will need to be set.
Remove the bobbin case and clean out any threads.
Check to see if the needle is inserted correctly.
Make sure the needle is the right size for the fabric.
If sewing on knit fabrics:
▪ use a ballpoint needle
▪ use a straight stitch throat plate to prevent fabric
stretch
▪ set pressure regulator at normal to heavy to secure
fabric
▪ pre-wash knits to remove any chemical residue
▪ balance machine tension
Be sure the feed dogs are up.
Be sure the presser foot is down.
Increase the pressure on the presser foot.
Check to see if thread is knotted under the fabric.
Make sure the machine is properly threaded.
Loosen the upper tension.
Make sure the bobbin is threaded and inserted
properly.
Check to see if thread is caught in the shuttle.
Figure 2: Problem-Trouble Shooting Chart (Adapted from Westfall, 2002)
13
Lab Safety Word Search
Carefully, circle each letter or highlight the safety phrases below. (Some are “extras”). Use the
remaining letters in the grid to answer the safety question below:
L
A
U
N
A
M
R
U
O
Y
E
S
U
E
U
B
R
U
S
H
A
W
A
Y
L
I
N
T
S
V
Y
L
E
F
A
S
K
R
O
W
D
A
E
Y
S
K
R
O
T
S
G
I
E
U
E
L
C
L
R
A
E
S
M
H
E
M
N
D
E
P
A
G
E
P
F
E
A
T
O
W
A
E
P
E
P
N
M
L
K
E
ASKFORHELP
STAYONTASK
TIDYWORKSPACES
WORKSAFELY
CLEANSOLEPLATE
OILSPARINGLY
P
W
H
F
I
C
S
L
S
I
O
E
A
S
T
F
A
E
T
N
Y
O
K
R
V
H
T
T
A
Y
I
Y
P
H
D
S
R
A
E
R
V
K
W
T
G
N
F
A
A
N
O
P
P
O
D
S
W
W
N
O
G
R
E
A
W
S
I
F
G
W
B
I
I
O
G
E
T
E
Y
L
N
K
L
J
T
H
P
E
Y
G
S
L
D
I
S
S
N
E
I
E
G
B
U
A
L
C
I
O
E
A
H
E
V
S
F
M
L
Q
T
E
T
E
R
U
T
S
O
P
D
O
O
G
I
S
S
SAFETYGOGGLES
STEADYSPEED
USEYOURMANUAL
BRUSHAWAYLINT
GOODPOSTURE
REMOVEPINS
Can you find the hidden safety rule?
__ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __
__ __
__ __ __
__ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __
__ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ !!!
"Safety First" is "Safety Always."
~Charles M. Hayes
14
ANSWER KEY
Lab Safety Word Search – (Solutions)
L
A
U
N
A
M
R
U
O
Y
E
S
U
E
+
B
R
U
S
H
A
W
A
Y
L
I
N
T
S
+
Y
L
E
F
A
S
K
R
O
W
D
A
E
Y
S
K
R
O
T
S
G
I
E
+
E
L
C
L
R
A
E
S
M
H
E
M
N
D
E
P
A
G
E
P
F
E
A
T
O
W
A
E
P
E
P
N
M
L
K
E
P
W
H
F
I
C
S
L
S
I
O
E
+
S
T
F
A
E
T
N
Y
O
K
R
V
H
+
+
A
Y
I
Y
P
H
D
S
R
A
E
R
+
+
+
T
G
N
F
A
A
N
O
P
P
O
+
+
+
+
N
O
G
R
E
A
W
S
I
F
+
+
+
+
+
O
G
E
T
E
Y
L
N
K
L
+
+
+
+
+
Y
G
S
L
D
I
S
S
N
E
+
+
+
+
+
A
L
C
I
O
E
A
H
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
T
E
T
E
R
U
T
S
O
P
D
O
O
G
+
S
S
(Over,Down,Direction)
ASKFORHELP(14,5,SW)
STAYONTASK(15,14,W)
TIDYWORKSPACES (15,1,SW)
WORKSAFELY(3,10,N)
CLEANSOLEPLATE (14,1,SW)
OILSPARINGLY(14,3,SW)
Keep
fingers
path
of
the
needle !!!
SAFETYGOGGLES(3,15,E)
STEADYSPEED(13,1,SE)
USEYOURMANUAL(1,13,N)
BRUSHAWAYLINT(2,1,S)
GOODPOSTURE(15,11,N)
REMOVEPINS(14,4,NE)
away
from
the
sewing
machine
15
ESTABLISHING CLASSROOM SAFETY RULES
FILL IN THE BLANKS
Choose terms or phrases from the box below and write each correct response in the blank beside
the corresponding statement about fashion lab safety.
pin cushion
knot
break
pulled off
possible tripping hazard
trained
heel
work space
hazardous situations
followed
safety rules
plugged in
with a cover
safe operation
needles or presser foot
1. All students are trained to be familiar with ________________________________ before
using fashion lab equipment.
2. Sewing machines should not be left unattended when ________________________________.
3. Locate the iron cord so that the iron will not be accidentally ___________________ the
ironing board.
4. Turn off the power and light switch before changing _________________________________.
5. Constantly be alert to potentially ________________________________________________.
6. Rest the iron on its ____________ when not in use.
7. Keep straight pins in a _________________________________, never in mouth or clothes.
8. Store scissors closed and stitch rippers _____________________in a designated storage space.
9. Avoid using extension cords in the fashion lab as they create a _________________________.
10. You may only use a sewing machine after you have been ______________________________
in the safe and correct operation.
11. Students should be aware of where all _____________________ are posted in the classroom
and ensure that they are ________________ at all times.
12. If fabric bunching occurs when sewing, there may be a ______________________of thread
built up. This could cause the needle to ________________________.
13. Keep your ______________________ neat and tidy.
16
ANSWER KEY
ESTABLISHING CLASSROOM SAFETY RULES
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
safe operating
sewing
pulled off
needles or presser foot
hazardous situations
heel
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
pin cushion
with a cover
possible tripping hazard
trained
safety rules; practiced
knot; break
work space
17
Word Wizard of Sewing Equipment
S
H
T
O
L
C
G
N
I
S
S
E
R
P
B
B
N
S
E
A
M
G
A
U
G
E
A
Y
M
M
W
A
C
E
E
H
E
N
W
H
T
F
N
M
I
M
W
O
B
H
L
P
B
P
S
I
T
H
O
F
E
R
O
Z
B
S
Z
N
I
R
R
T
K
J
I
S
U
P
M
V
J
D
N
N
A
R
S
Z
O
J
I
E
I
I
A
N
D
M
C
E
H
C
U
A
U
G
H
A
Z
K
S
C
I
U
H
Q
G
H
T
W
T
S
X
M
Z
E
N
V
S
S
P
D
C
M
T
Z
G
M
C
R
G
V
K
H
J
G
D
Y
F
B
D
C
C
A
W
I
U
N
I
K
Q
I
Z
C
Y
M
Y
L
H
A
Z
P
O
O
H
T
L
U
L
W
Z
C
E
B
O
W
S
P
N
R
X
G
Q
B
M
D
E
E
O
L
E
C
N
E
Q
I
W
F
Z
Y
L
W
H
F
G
L
C
O
K
R
P
Z
R
O
E
IRON
PINCUSHION
PRESSINGCLOTH
SEAMGAUGE
SEAMRIPPER
SHEARS
THIMBLE
TRACINGWHEEL
Find the sewing equipment listed in the word search above. Use the space below to explain how you use
each piece in a safe manner when sewing.
IRON ______________________________________________________________________
PIN CUSHION _______________________________________________________________
PRESSING CLOTH ____________________________________________________________
SEAM GAUGE ________________________________________________________________
SEAMRIPPER ________________________________________________________________
SHEARS ____________________________________________________________________
THIMBLE ___________________________________________________________________
TRACINGWHEEL ______________________________________________________________
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure.5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Better a thousand times careful than once dead. ~ Proverb
18
Word Wizard of Sewing Equipment Solution ANSWER KEY
+
H
T
O
L
C
G
N
I
S
S
E
R
P
+
+
+
S
E
A
M
G
A
U
G
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
L
+
+
P
S
+
T
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
B
+
+
+
I
R
R
+
+
+
+
S
+
+
M
+
+
+
+
N
A
+
+
+
+
+
+
E
I
+
+
+
+
+
C
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
H
A
+
+
+
+
I
U
H
+
+
+
+
+
T
+
+
M
+
+
N
+
S
S
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
R
G
+
+
H
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
W
I
+
N
I
+
+
+
+
+
+
(Over,Down,Direction)
+
+
+
H
+
+
P
+
O
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
E
+
+
+
+
P
N
R
+
+
+
+
+
+
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
E
+
I
+
+
+
+
L
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
R
+
+
+
+
+
* Safe use and Handling Responses May Vary
IRON(14,11,NW) – Pressing requires an up and down motion. Use light pressure
with steam or damp press cloth. Rest on heel when not in use.
Do not press over metal objects as this may scratch soleplate.
Keep soleplate clean. Empty water before storing – store cool.
Ironing requires a back and forth motion and can cause fabric to
stretch so it should NOT be used during sewing construction.
PINCUSHION(4,9,E) -
Place to store pins, needles. Never store pins in
your mouth or clothing. Emery bags, often attached, are
used to sharpen your pins. Dull pins cause more injuries
PRESSINGCLOTH(1,14,N)-Dampen with water to create steam for pressing. Use
Between fabric and iron (cheesecloth is recommended).
Prevents shine or iron marks on fabric.
SEAMGAUGE(2,3,S)-
Ruler with adjustable marker – use for measuring seam
allowances and hems. It is a sharp metal object, so
must be handled and stored with care.
SEAMRIPPER(6,1,SE) -
Small, sharp, metal, pointy tool used for ripping out
stitching. Store with cover on in designated space.
SHEARS(9,10,W) -
Used to cut fabric, never paper! Handles are different
sizes to fit your hand. Be sure to use shears that are
the right size for you. Scissors have shorter blades
with matching hand holes. They’re used more for
trimming seams, clipping curves or opening up button
holes. Pinking shears make zigzag-shaped cuts to finish
a raw edge. All shears and scissors must be passed by
holding the handles, pointy side pointing down.
THIMBLE(9,1,SW) -
Helps protect the middle finger while hand sewing.
Select a size that gives you a snug fit. Most are metal
but some are plastic, or thick leather.
TRACINGWHEEL(4,12,NE) – Used with tracing (marking) paper. The serrated edge
is for woven, heavy-weight fabrics, and the smooth edge
wheel is used on delicate, light-weight fabrics
19
Name_____________________
Course____________________
Ironing and Pressing
IRONING: is the process of using an iron to remove wrinkles from damp,
washable clothing. Heat and pressure are used to flatten the fabric. Ironing is done
with a gliding or sliding motion. It is done to entire garments after laundering.
PRESSING: involves no sliding of the iron. The iron is placed on the fabric
and then lifted. Moisture is added from a pressing cloth or steam in the iron. This
procedure is good for wool clothing and loose or bulky textures. It is often done to
apparel between wearings. It is also done while constructing garments.
QUESTIONS
Part A
1. You should always use ___________________ water in irons because
_____________________________________________________________
2. Explain the temperature settings on the dial on most irons. ________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. What is the purpose of a pressing cloth?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. Why is it important to iron with the grain of the fabric?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. When ironing a garment the areas should you start with are the
_______________ followed by ____________________ and finish with the
___________________.
6. Why should you iron dark, dull fabrics on the wrong side?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
20
7. Why would you want to have cotton and linen be damp?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
8. The cardinal rule in sewing is "Press as you go", what does this mean?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
9. Why should you press seams flat before pressing them open?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
10. Why use a needle board on velvets, velveteens and corduroy?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
11. Using a lifting and lowering motion is _________________. Using a sliding
motion is _________________.
12. How should fusibles be applied?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
13. How should a straight seam usually be pressed?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Part B
Identify the following pressing tools and tell what their purpose is.
1. _____________________________
________________________________
21
2. ______________________________
_________________________________
3. _______________________________
__________________________________
4. _______________________________
_________________________________
22
Answer Key
Ironing and Pressing
Part A
QUESTIONS
1. You should always use __DISTILLED_________________ water in irons
because TAP WATER CONTAINS LIME THAT WILL BUILD UP AND BLOCK
VENTS IN IRON CAUSING THE IRON TO STOP STEAMING.
2. Explain the temperature settings on the dial on most irons. ___LOWSYNTHETICS, MEDIUM- WOOL AND SILK, HIGH- COTTON AND
LINEN________.
3. What is the purpose of a pressing cloth? _TO PREVENTSCORCHING OR
SHINEY FABRIC, TO PROTECT THE IRON AND THE FABRIC_______.
4. Why is it important to iron with the grain of the fabric? __TO PREVENT
STRETCHING THE FABRIC OUT OF SHAPE______________________.
5. When ironing a garment the areas should you start with are the _SMALL
(COLLAR & CUFFS_ followed by _BACK_ and finish with the _FRONT_.
6. Why should you iron dark, dull fabrics on the wrong side? __TO PREVENT
SHINEY SPOTS____________________________________________.
7. Why would you want to have cotton and linen be damp? __THEY WRINKLE TOO
MUCH TO PRESS WELL WITHOUT BEING DAMP _______________.
8. The cardinal rule in sewing is "Press as you go", what does this mean? __PRESS
EACH SEAM AS IT’S SEWN BEFORE STITCHING ADJOINING SEAMS ____.
9. Why should you press seams flat before pressing them open? _IT FLATENS
AND SETS THE STITCHES SO THE SEAM LAYS SMOOTH AND FLATTER
10. Why use a needle board on velvets, velveteen’s and corduroy? _THE RAISED NAP
WOULD FLATTEN OUT AND BECOME SHINEY WITHOUT A NEEDLE
BOARD__.
23
11. Using a lifting and lowering motion is __PRESSING___. Using a sliding motion is
__IRONING_______________.
12. How should fusibles be applied? _THE SIDE OF THE FUSIBLE WITH THE GLUE
OR ADHISIVE SHOULD BE PLACED ON THE WRONG SIDE OF THE FABRIC.
PRESS AND HOLD FOR 10 –15 SECONDS USING A PRESS CLOTH AND
STEAM______.
13. How should a straight seam usually be pressed? _PRESS FLAT AND THEN
OPEN__.
Part B
Identify the following pressing tools and tell what their purpose is.
1. SLEEVE BOARD FOR ENCLOSED SEAMS SUCH AS
SLEEVES
2. NEEDLE BOARD –
FOR VELVETS AND CORDURY
3. POINT PRESSER –
FOR POINTE AREAS SUCH AS COLLARS AND
CUFFS
4. TAILOR’S HAM –
FOR DARTS AND CURVED SEAMS
24
Name:____________________________ Course: _______________________
SEAM ALLOWANCES AND SEAM FINISHES
1. Cut out 4 squares 5” X 5” from fabric with a visible right side.
1. CLEAN FINISH
2. Do CLEAN FINISH sample on two sides of one square following
the directions below. Do method one on one side and method two
on the opposite side.
Method one:



Stitch 1/4" seam along single edge of fabric.
Press to wrong side of fabric along stitching line.
Stitch next to the folded edge.
Method two:

Fold 1/4” of edge to wrong side of fabric and
stitch 1/8” from the edge.
3. CUT remaining 3 squares in half and SEW 3 SEAM SAMPLES with the
directions in the box below.
1.
2.
3.
4.



SEAMS
Place fabric right sides together.
Use a 2½ stitch length.
Backstitch 2-3 stitches at the beginning and end of all seams.
Sew straight and measure accurately.
SEW a 5/8” seam with two of the halves
SEW a 5/8” seam with another two halves
SEW a 1/4" seam with the last two of the halves
______ OK with teacher before continuing
25


On the first seam stitch along each side of the seam allowance
separately with a straight stitch. (1/4” from the cut edge of seam)
Stitching will not show on the right side of sample.
Trim edges with pinking shears

On the second seam stitch along each side of the seam allowance
separately with a zigzag stitch (set zigzag on 4 or 5)
ZIGZAG
SEAM OPEN
5. ZIGZAG SEAM OPEN
STITCHED AND PINKED
4. STITCHED AND PINKED
6. ZIGZAG SEAM CLOSED
On the 1/4" seam allowance Zigzag the seam allowance
together (closed)
7. PRESS the seams and TAPE the samples to this paper with the labels
showing to the right side of each sample
ZIGZAG SEAM CLOSED

26
Seam Finishes – Rubric
Excellent
Satisfactory
Needs Improvement
Clean Finish
Edge is turned 1/4" to wrong side of
fabric and stitched close to fold.
Edge is turned to wrong
Edge is not turned and
side of fabric and stitched. stitched properly.
Stitched &
Pinked
Seam is a straight 5/8" and
backstitched, with the right sides of
fabric together. The seam is pressed
open flat. The stitching is straight and
the pinking is only cutting off a small
amount of the seam allowance.
Seam is sewn with right
The seam is irregular and the
sides of fabric together.
stitching and pinking are not
The seam is pressed. The properly placed.
stitching and pinking are
adequate.
Zigzag Open
Seam is a straight 5/8" and
backstitched, with the right sides of the
fabric together. The seam is pressed
open flat. The zigzag is the proper
width for the fabric and placed close to
the cut edge of the seam.
Seam is sewn with right
sides of fabric together.
The seam is pressed. The
zigzag is adequate.
The seam may not be the
proper width or backstitched.
The fabric may not be right
sides together and the zigzag
is not properly placed.
Zigzag Closed
Seam is a straight 1/4" and
backstitched, with the right sides of
fabric together. The seam is pressed to
one side. The zigzag is the proper
width for the fabric and placed close to
the cut edge of the seam.
Seam is sewn with right
sides of fabric together.
The seam is pressed. The
zigzag is adequate.
The seam may not be the
proper width or backstitched.
The fabric may not be right
sides together and the zigzag
is not properly placed.
Serged Open
Seam is a straight 5/8" and
backstitched, with the right sides of the
fabric together. The seam is pressed
open flat. The serging is straight and
stitched close to the cut edge of the
seam.
Seam is sewn with right
sides of fabric together.
The seam is pressed. The
serging is adequate.
The seam may not be the
proper width or backstitched.
The fabric may not be right
sides together and the serging
is not even or straight.
Serged Closed
Seam is a straight 1/4" and
backstitched, with the right sides of
fabric together. The seam is pressed to
one side. The serging is the proper
width for the fabric and placed close to
the cut edge of the seam.
Seam is sewn with right
sides of fabric together.
The seam is pressed. The
serging is adequate.
The seam may not be the
proper width or backstitched.
The fabric may not be right
sides together and the serging
is not even or straight.
27
The Basic Sewing Kit
THE BASIC SEWING KIT
Start with these essentials, and add specialized supplies as needed.
1. Assorted fasteners: Hooks and eyes, small snaps.
2. Sewing-machine needles: General-purpose sharp-point needles are good for most
woven fabrics. For knits, use ball-point needles.
3. White buttons: Keep a small supply in various sizes.
4. Seam ripper: This tool opens seams almost effortlessly.
5. Safety pins: Store them on one pin so they don’t scatter throughout the basket.
6. Hand-sewing needles: With assorted sizes, you’ll be prepared to work on different
fabrics. Sharps are best for most stitching and mending; ball points should be used on
knits.
7. Needle threader: To use, slip the flexible wire loop through the eye of a hand
needle, feed the thread through it, and pull the wire back out, bringing the thread with
it.
8. Tailor’s chalk: Use this to mark fabric before cutting and altering.
9. Thimble: When hand sewing, wear it on your middle finger to push the needle
through.
10. Beeswax: A wax coating keeps thread from tangling during hand sewing; keep it in
a plastic holder with slots to slide the needle and thread through.
11. Tape measure: Use this to measure soft, curved things (use a yardstick to
measure fabric on a work surface).
12. Thread: All-purpose is appropriate for most sewing. Use extra-thin thread on
particularly fine fabrics; heavy-duty on thick fabrics. Buttonhole twist is good for
buttonholes and decorative stitching.
13. Pin holder: A magnetic one can pick up scattered pins.
For cutting fabric, a pair of good quality sewing scissors or dressmaker’s shears is a
necessity; you’ll also need pinking shears to prevent fabric from fraying. There are
several types of sewing scissors, each with a specific purpose.
28
Sewing Machine Parts and Functions
The following terms are words you should become familiar with to help you locate and explain
what your sewing machine is doing (or not doing). There are many different models of sewing
machines, and the location of parts may vary, but this is a list of basic parts found on most sewing
machines. (teacher suggestion: label parts on one or two machines as reference in case students get
stuck.)
1. Use your course text, sewing instruction manual, and other classroom resources provided
by your teacher to describe the function of each of the following parts.
2. When you have defined what each part does, fold your page in half (lengthwise), and find a
sewing partner to take to a sewing machine. Each of you will take turns finding parts on
the machine and explaining what each part does.
Bobbin case
Bobbin winder
Feed dogs
Hand wheel
Needle clamp screw
Power and light switch
Presser foot
29
Pressure regulator
Reverse stitch control
Spool pins
Stitching guidelines
Stitch length control
Stitch selector
Stitch width control
Take-up lever
Thread guides
Throat guide
30
3
Explain below in your own words how a sewing machine operates:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 9: Locating Machine Parts
31
Answer Key
Bobbin case
Bobbin winder
Holds the bobbin in place
Applies tension to bobbin thread
(the thread that shows on the underside of stitching)
Winds the thread onto the bobbin
Feed dogs
Moves the fabric under the presser foot.
Hand wheel
Turns to raise or lower the needle and thread take-up lever
Needle clamp screw
Holds the needle in place
Power and light switch
Turns the machine on and illuminates sewing tasks
Presser foot
Raises and lowers the presser foot.
Pressure regulator
Adjusts the amount of pressure the presser foot applies to the
fabric.
Allows the machine to sew backwards.
Reverse stitch control
Spool pins
Stitch selector
Holds the spool of thread that feeds the top stitching side of
fabric.
Keep edge of fabric aligned so seam allowances will be uniform
in width.
Adjusts the number of stitches per inch.
(about 10 stitches per inch for regular seam stitching and staystitching).
Changes the type of stitches – eg. Straight, zigzag, scalloped
Stitch width control
Adjusts the width of zigzag and other 2-D stitches.
Take-up lever
Pulls the thread form the spool and through the tension regulator.
Thread guides
Guides thread from the spool pin to the needle.
Throat guide
Covers the area around the needle.
Stitching guidelines
Stitch length control
Note: You may want to print additional copies of the above machine part and function chart on
coloured paper – fold the chart along the solid center line (lengthwise) and apply glue – set
and cut into flash cards. You now have a game for students to review parts and functions
of the machine.
32
Objectives
Students will design a poster intended to promote safety awareness in the fashion
lab and to provide signage reminders in designated areas in the lab facilities.
Motivator
Discuss safety considerations and safe equipment handling and use of technology.
Ask students to brainstorm safety slogans relevant in lab setting.
A list of possible rules is available (See Figure 15, p. 51)
Instructions
Explain the purpose of the poster (to promote safety awareness in the fashion lab)
Have examples of effective posters (See p 45; and Figure 11-14, p 49 and 50)
Discuss requirements and expectations (See Figure 10: Safety Poster Rubric,
p.34.)
Students should use actual objects; magazine/pamphlet cut outs, drawings, graphics
and text, to explain the main concept of their poster.
Materials
Poster board (or legal size paper), markers, glue, scissors, cutting magazines,
computer with Internet access. The following sites may be visited to get additional
safety information and ideas:
http://www.spewingforth.blogspot.com/2004/06/ergonomics-transformation-in.html
http://www.esao.on.ca
http://www.gov.on/ca/lab/ann/00-0042b3e.jtm
http://www.ccohs.ca/healthyworkplaces/topics/healthandsafety.html
http://www.osha-safety-training.net/POS/POS1/page1.html
http://www.geocities.com/ocesafetyposter/poster3.htm
Evaluation
Evaluation will be based on the educational quality of the student’s poster, as well
as aesthetic aspects of the poster’s layout. The rubric for the requirements is
included with this assignment, however, you may choose to develop you own, or
better yet, develop them with the class.
Provide examples of posters and let the students use the rubric to judge examples.
This helps them to assess their own work using the rubric. If you wish, the students
can peer critique each other’s posters prior to finalizing and submitting them for
teacher evaluation.
33
Fashion Lab Safety Poster – Rubric
Category
4
Title
Content
Graphics
Attractiveness
Spelling and
Grammar
Comments:
2
1
The title can be
read from 6 feet
away and is very
creative.
The title can be
read from 6 feet
away & describes
content well.
Most words can be
read from 4 feet
away & describes
content.
Many words can
not be read from a
distance of 2 feet
or does not
describe content of
poster well.
Addresses a
relevant safety
issue in a way that
is easy to
understand.
Addresses a safety
issue in a way that
is easy to
understand.
Addresses a safety
issue, but is
presented in a way
that is difficult to
grasp.
The poster does
not address a
safety issue.
Variety of graphics
that reflect an
exceptional degree
of creativity in
creation & display.
Some graphics
used reflect
creativity in the
creation and
display.
Graphics created
by student but
based on designs
or ideas of others.
No graphics made
by the student are
included.
Very neat and
appealing in
design & layout.
Attractive in terms
of design, neatness
and layout.
Acceptably
attractive but it
may be a bit
messy.
Distracting, messy
or very poorly
designed poster. It
is not attractive.
No spelling or
grammatical errors
in poster.
Few (<2) spelling
or grammatical
errors.
Several (<5)
spelling mistakes
or grammatical
errors.
Many (>5) spelling
mistakes or
grammatical
errors.
Figure 10:
Total Marks:
3
Does not support
the concept in the
poster.
Fashion Lab Safety Poster Rubric
/20 (Each category is worth a maximum of 4 marks )
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
34
Reading a Sewing Pattern
Adapted From: Sewing For Dummies, 2nd Edition
Even though a sewing pattern might be labeled "easy" or "quick," the pattern instruction writers sometimes
assume that you have a certain amount of general sewing knowledge. Nothing can be more intimidating
than trying to figure out what all the hieroglyphics are on the various parts of a pattern. Don't have a pattern
panic attack! Take a look at each of the standard pattern parts one at a time, and you'll be shopping for
patterns like a pro in no time.
Reading the front of the pattern envelope
On the front of the pattern envelope, you often see several style variations of the same project. In the world
of sewing, these style variations are called views. One view may have a collar, long sleeves, and cuffs.
Another view may have a V-neck and short sleeves.
In home decor patterns, you may have several views in one pattern for a basic window treatment. Another
pattern may have several pillow views. A third has several options for slipcovers. Views simply give you
style options on creating the same basic project.
Reading the back of the pattern envelope
The back of a pattern envelope contains the following information about your project:

The back of the project in detail: The front of the pattern usually just shows the front of your project.

A description of the project by view: Always read the description of a project on the back of the
pattern envelope. Drawings and photographs can be deceiving, but this written description tells you
exactly what you're getting.

How much fabric to buy: This information is based on the width of the fabric you choose, the view
you're making, your size, and whether your fabric has nap or not.
If your fabric has nap, the pattern requires you to buy a little more fabric. Your fabric has nap if it falls
contains any of these qualities:
• One-way design: For example, your fabric shows dancing elephants printed in the same direction. If
you cut out some of the pattern pieces in one direction and other pattern pieces in the opposite
direction, you'll find elephants dancing right side up on part of the project and upside down on another
part of the same project. You need extra fabric so that you can get all your elephants going in the right
direction.
35
• Fuzzy texture: Such as velvet, corduroy, Polar fleece, and some sweatshirt fleeces. When brushed
in one direction, the fabric is smooth; when brushed in the other direction, it's rough. This texture
difference translates into a color difference. You need more fabric to cut out the pattern pieces in the
same direction.
• Uneven stripe: For example, the fabric has three colored stripes — red, blue, and yellow. To match
the stripes at the seams, you need extra fabric because the pattern must be laid out in the same
direction. If the front and back pattern pieces are laid out in opposite directions, the stripes are cut on
the front, going from red, to blue, to yellow. The stripes on the back would be cut so that they go from
yellow, to blue, to red. When you sew the seam together, the stripes won't match at the side seams.
• Even or uneven plaid: The color bars in a plaid must match both vertically and horizontally. If the
plaid is not symmetrical in one or both directions, you need to lay out the pattern pieces all going in the
same direction. This technique requires more fabric — for making the plaid match.
List of notions needed for specific views: These notions include items such as the number and size
of buttons, the zipper length and type, elastic width and length, shoulder pad style and size, hooks and
eyes, and so on.
It's what's inside that counts
Inside your pattern envelope, you find the following items necessary for your project:

Pattern pieces: Some pattern pieces are printed on large pieces of tissue paper. Others are printed on
sturdy pieces of white paper called master patterns.
To preserve the master pattern for reuse, simply trace the size you need onto a piece of pattern tracing
material. (This material is available through sewing mail-order catalogs and specialty fabric stores. Look
for Trace-A-Pattern and Do-Sew brands.)
This way, you can trace off another view or cut out a project for someone else who is a different size
without destroying the master pattern.

Key and glossary: These references help you decipher the markings on the pattern pieces.

Pattern layout: The layout shows you how to lay out the pattern pieces on the fabric yardage for each
view.

Step-by-step instructions on how to put the project together: Instructions are written in various
degrees of clarity depending on your knowledge of sewing.
The project instructions may run more than one page. If they do, staple the pages together in
the upper-left corner and post them in front of you as you sew. Then you can easily check off
each step as you finish it. If you don't have a place to post the sheet, set it next to your
sewing machine, folded to the section you're working on, for a handy reference.
Copyright © 2006 & Trademark by Wiley Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. Please read our Privacy Policy.
36
SYMBOL SYNTAX
Name: ____________________________
Score:
/15
Directions: On the line below, write the meaning of the pattern symbols used for laying
out, cutting and marking your fabric.
1.
___________________________________________________
2.
______________________________________________
3.
______________________________________________
4.
______________________________________________
5.
______________________________________________
6.
______________________________________________
7.
______________________________________________
8.
______________________________________________
9.
______________________________________________
10.
______________________________________________
11.
______________________________________________
12.
What is a selvage?________________________________
13.
Why should you preshrink your fabric before cutting it out?
_______________________________________________
What does the terms nap or directional design mean? What
should do when laying out your pattern pieces ?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
What is the difference between lengthwise and crosswise grain?
14.
15.
37
ANSWER KEY
Symbol Syntax
Directions: On the line below, write the meaning of the pattern symbols used for laying
out, cutting and marking your fabric.
1.
Straight of grain
3. Place on fold
4. Cutting line
5. Notches
6. Buttonholes
7. Markings to transfer dots and circles
8. Lengthen or shorten here in multi-size patterns
9. Lengthen or shorten here in one-size patterns
10. Dingle-end dart and double-end dart
11. Pleat and gathering lines
12. Stitching line
13. What is a selvage? The woven edge of the fabric.
14. Why should you preshrink your fabric before cutting it out? To eliminate having
the garment shrink when washed.
15. What does the term nap or directional design mean? What should you do when
laying your pattern pieces out? Face the tops of the pattern pieces all in the same
direction.
16. What is the difference between lengthwise and crosswise grain? Lengthwise
threads are parallel to selvage—crosswise threads are perpendicular.
38
Letter to Parent/Guardian
School name
Address
Date
Dear Families,
This school term your son/daughter, _________________________, (student’s name) is
taking the Family Studies course, __________________________ (course name and
code) as part of his/her Grade ___ (9-12) studies. We are pleased to be able to provide
students with opportunities for hands-on activities that develop their skills and
understanding of course material. In these activities students will be using a variety
of machines and equipment that have the potential to cause injury. The safety of our
students is extremely important to us and we at _________________ (School Name)
are proud of our safety record in the Family Studies department.
All students will be completing a series of activities concerning safety in the fashion
classroom before being allowed to work in the fashion lab. We encourage you to
help your son/daughter value correct and safe use of all technology and equipment in
the fashion lab for the health and well-being of all students.
Our aim is to provide ________________ (student’s name) with a safe and enjoyable
practical experience that will enhance his/her learning. All students will sign a safety
contract that outlines the safety rules and appropriate behaviour in the lab situations.
Please review this contract with your daughter/son and sign in the appropriate place.
If you have any questions please do not hesitate to call me at
_____________________ (school number and extension). Thank you for your attention to
this matter.
Yours truly,
Family Studies Teacher
For safety is not a gadget but a state of mind.
~ Eleanor Everet
39
Fashion Safety Agreement
As a student in this fashion class, there are a few safety rules you must observe. There are definite
reasons for each of the rules in the classroom and understanding these reasons will make it much
easier to remember and observe that rule.
1. Students must not use any equipment unless a teacher is present.
2. Running and “horseplay” will not be tolerated in the classroom.
3. Use care and common sense when using any sharp tools. For example, always keep hands and fingers
away from the tool’s cutting edge or moving parts.
4. Protective eyewear is available for students to use.
5. Protective footwear is advisable. No open-toed shoes are permitted in the fashion labs.
6. Long hair, loose clothing, and jewelry must be tied back or removed.
7. Never use any piece of equipment until you have personally been given instruction by the teacher about
the safe use of the equipment. If you are absent when instruction is given about the safe operation of the
equipment, you must check personally with the teacher for this information when you return.
8. Report any damage or defective equipment or safety hazards to the teacher immediately.
9. If you are injured, even slightly, report it to the teacher immediately.
10. Keep the classroom area clean. All backpacks, books, purses etc. must be kept out of the sewing area.
Housekeeping and lock-up procedures are a joint responsibility of students in on-going lab participation.
11. At the end of class it is your responsibility to clean up your area and ensure that your machine is
covered, needle tip properly protected, presser foot is cleared from floor and power cord is unplugged.
My signature below indicates that I have read this Fashion Safety agreement, I agree with it and
will make every effort to follow each of the above safety rules.
Student Signature ______________________________ Date __________________________
Parent Signature
_______________________________ Date __________________________
The Teacher’s Signature indicates this student meets basic health and safety agreements and is
given permission to participate in the fashion labs:
_______________________________________________ Date ___________________________
Family Studies Teacher
For safety is not a gadget but a state of mind. ~ Eleanor Everet
40
TEACHER OBSERVATION
FACILITY SAFETY CHECKLIST
The teacher on a regular basis should complete this checklist. Using the criteria listed,
observe to see if the fashion lab meets safety conditions. Check the appropriate column.
Criteria
Yes
No
1. Sewing equipment has been stored in the designated area in an orderly and safe condition.
2. Floors are free from clutter with no potentially hazardous tripping situations noted.
3. Good lighting and adequate space has been allotted each student.
4. Equipment is maintained and in good working order.
5. Instruction has been provided for the safe operation of machines and equipment.
6. Manufacturers instructions are readily available for all equipment being used in the
classroom.
7. Fire prevention equipment is available and regularly checked.
8. Students have been trained to know what to do in case of fire.
9. Students have been trained to know what to do if an injury occurs in the classroom.
10.Teachers have reviewed and discussed potential and specific hazards associated with the
machines.
11. Students have signed a safety contract and are aware of their responsibilities to maintain
a safe and healthy workspace.
12. Students routinely observe safety procedures and are aware of dangers.
13. Safe procedures are properly indicated or guarded in the classroom.
14. Classroom is monitored daily to maintain safe and clean workspaces.
15. Safety equipment and protective devices are available as required and requested.
16. Tables, machines, and equipment are arranged to allow safe working conditions.
17. Hand tools and sharp sewing equipment are kept clean, handles in good condition, in safe
working order and stored properly as part of lock-up procedures.
1. Did the classroom meet all of the safety criteria?
2. If not, describe what needs to be done to make the environment safe.
Out of this nettle, danger, we pluck this flower, safety. ~ William Shakespeare
41
PERSONAL SAFETY HABIT EVALUATION
This list can be used from time to time by students and/or posted at each sewing
machine as a reminder to students of safe habits in the lab.
I have been trained in the safe operation of this machine.
 My clothing/jewelry will not interfere with the safe operation of this machine.
 First I plug the machine in, then turn it on.
 The electrical cord does not create a tripping hazard.
 My work area and aisle around the machine is clear.
 The presser foot and needle are lowered when not in use.
 When changing the needle or presser foot the machine is off.
 My hands and face are a safe distance from the needle while operating the machine.
 I slow down when approaching curves, thicker layers of fabric, buttons, zippers and straight





pins.
I remove straight pins from fabric before sewing over an area.
When fabric bunching occurs and a knot begins to form, I stop sewing.
My equipment is safely stored in the designated area when not in use.
I participate in end of lab housekeeping and lock-up procedures.
I turn off and unplug the sewing machine at the end of class.
Safety doesn't happen by accident. ~ Author Unknown
42
SAFETY INSPECTION REPORT
School: ________________________________
Facility: ________________________________
Item
Hazards
Observed
Repeat
Item
Recommended
Action
Date of Inspection: _____________________
Time of Inspection: _____________________
Corrective
Action Taken
Date
Completed
Authorized
Signature
Yes No
Copies to:
(for action)
Copies to:
(for information)
Adapted from MBEY (2003), Keeping your facilities SAFE document for Industrial Arts Teachers
43
Teacher Observation Safety Report
Course: _________________________________
School: _________________________________
Observation/Codes:
Level 4:
Level 3:
Level 2:
Level 1:
Teacher: ______________________________
Class Period: __________________________
Demonstrates leadership in safe practices.
Observes and obeys all safe work procedures most of the time.
Needs to be reminded to wear frequently about health and safety practices.
Demonstrates unsafe behaviour and/or poor clean-up participation.
Enter Date
Student Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25.
Adapted from MBEY (2003), Keeping your facilities SAFE document for Industrial Arts Teachers
44
SERGER
SAFETY RULES
 A serger is a piece of equipment. Use EXTREME care when using any power
equipment no matter how often you use it.
 It is important that threading is carried out in the correct sequence as outlined
in the instruction manual.
 Keep face, hands and fingers a safe distance from the needle.
 Do not pull the fabric, but guide it gently in front of the lowered presser foot.
 Do not serge over pins – remove before you get to them.

 Slowly approach curves and thickness in fabric.

 Stop sewing if bunching occurs.

 When finished serging, do not raise the presser foot. Sew a long chain of at
least 3cm of thread to avoid tangles.
 Strange noises from the serger suggest that something is wrong. Consult the
instruction manual and the teacher immediately.
 Before performing any care or troubleshooting on your machine making sure
that the serger is unplugged from the power source.
45
SEWING MACHINE
SAFETY RULES
 A sewing machine is a piece of equipment. Use extreme care when using any
power equipment no matter how often you use it.
 Always be aware of the up and down movement of the needle and do not turn
your attention from the machine while it is running.
 Check instruction manual for correct threading procedure.
 Never pull hard on the fabric or thread or in any way try to force the machine
to sew.
 Do not sew over pins.
 If the fabric does not feed through, turn off the power, and consult the
instruction manual and the teacher.
 Listen to strange noises from the sewing machine. This is a way for the
machine to tell you that something is wrong.
 At first sign of trouble, turn the machine off, wait until it stops completely and
then call the teacher.
 Before performing any care or troubleshooting on your machine making sure
that the sewing machine is unplugged from the power source.
 Sewing equipment is to be used only for the purpose it is intended. Any
misuse may result in personal injury or destruction of the equipment.
46
THE USE OF SEWING
EQUIPMENT
 Make sure that the iron is unplugged when not in use.
 The ironing board must be well placed and balanced.

 The soleplate of the iron is to be kept clean. 

 Use the iron at the correct setting for your fabric. 

 Hands and face are kept a safe distance from heat and steam.

 Iron is kept resting on its heel when not in use.
 Hold the blade of scissors/shears closed and downward when
walking with them.
 When passing scissors to another person, place them on a flat
surface and let the other person pick them up.
 Never run with scissors or similar objects.
 Always use a pincushion or pin container and never put pins in your
mouth.
47
FASHION LAB
SAFETY
• Students must not use any equipment unless a teacher is present.
• Never operate any piece of equipment until you have personally been
given instruction in its safe use.
• Report any damage or defective equipment or safety hazards to the
teacher immediately.
• Keep your sewing area neat and tidy. Keep all backpacks, purses, and
books away from the sewing area.
• Keep floor area clear to prevent accidents.
• Long hair, loose clothing, and jewelry must be tied back or removed.
• Do not unplug equipment by pulling on the cord. To unplug, grasp the
plug, not the cord.
• Never operate any equipment if it has a damaged cord or plug.
• Place all electrical cords out of the way so it isn’t a tripping hazard.
• Your sewing area MUST be cleaned up at the end of each class.
• Ensure that all equipment is turned off and unplugged before you leave
the classroom.
• Report ALL accidents to the teacher immediately.
48
Certificate of Achievement
Awarded to: ________________
Student’s Name
for demonstrating skilled sewing machine use
Sewing Machine Operator’s Permit
__________________
Date
__________________
Family Studies Teacher
Figure 16: Sewing Machine Operator’s Permit (JPG source: http://www.findlays.ca/images/sewing-images/sewinghome_r2_c15.jpg
49
References
Antique Metal Thimble (Figure 5). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 9, 2006 at
http://www.collectibleskingdom.com/thimble.jpg
Basic Equipment (Appendix C). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 15, 2006 at
http://www.sewing.org/files/guidelines/1_105_basic_tools.pdf
Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety School Workers Health and Safety Guide.
(2nd ed) Abstracted from the World Wide Web on May 7, 2002 at http://www.ccohs.ca
Choosing and Using Cutting Tools (Appendix E). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July
15, 2006 at http://www.sewing.org/files/guidelines/1_130_scissors_shears.pdf
Iron and Pressing Cloth (Figure 3). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 9, 2006 at
http://www.linktotheweb.com/clironpressingcloth.jpg
Key Planning Principles (Appendix I). Extrapolated from the World Wide Web on July 16, 2006
from the following link:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/designandtechnology/uploa
dimages/Mounts_bay18.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/designandtechnology/redir.c
fm%3Fid%3D4177&h=160&w=222&sz=34&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=ZsJgOmnV4mOQM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=102&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiagram%2Bof%2Bsewing%2Bmachine%2
6svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:200552,GGLR:en%26sa%3DN
LifeTips (2006). Sewing lab considerations for organization, design and layout. Extrapolated
from the World Wide Web on July 14, 2006 at http://www.lifetips.com
Machine Spacing (Appendix G). Extrapolated from the World Wide Web on July 16, 2006 at
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/designandtechnology/uploa
dimages/Mounts_bay18.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/designandtechnology/redir.c
fm%3Fid%3D4177&h=160&w=222&sz=34&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=ZsJgOmnV4mOQM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=102&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiagram%2Bof%2Bsewing%2Bmachine%2
6svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:200552,GGLR:en%26sa%3DN
Manitoba Education and Youth. (MBEY) (2003). Keeping your facilities safe: A support
document for industrial arts teachers. Winnipeg: The Crown in Right of Manitoba
represented by the Minister of Education and Youth.
Miscellaneous Sewing Equipment (Figure 4). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 9,
2006 at http://www.yourdictionary.com/images/ahd/jpg/A4notion.jpg
Occupational Health and Safety Act (1990). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 8, 2006
at http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90o01_e.htm
Ontario Ministry of Education and Training (1999). The Ontario curriculum, grades 9 and 10:
Social sciences and the humanities. Ottawa: Queen’s Printer for Ontario.
50
Ontario Ministry of Education and Training (2000). The Ontario curriculum, grades 11 and 12:
Social sciences and humanities. Ottawa: Queen’s Printer for Ontario.
Ontario Workplace Health and Safety. Workers’ safety and the right to know. Abstracted from
the World Wide Web on July 10, 2006 at http://www.gov.on.ca/labour/safety
Reading a Sewing Pattern (2006). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on August 8, 2006 at
http://www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-872,subcat-HOBBIES.html?print=true
Risk Management Technology Review Committee. (2005). Safety guideline for hospitality/foods
services facilities. Procedural document for the Halton Catholic District School Board .
Room Design and Layout (Appendix G). Extrapolated from the World Wide Web on July 16,
2006 from the following link:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/designandtechnology/uploa
dimages/Mounts_bay18.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/designandtechnology/redir.c
fm%3Fid%3D4177&h=160&w=222&sz=34&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=ZsJgOmnV4mOQM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=102&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiagram%2Bof%2Bsewing%2Bmachine%2
6svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:200552,GGLR:en%26sa%3DN
Safety quotations cited throughout this document were abstracted from the World Wide Web on
July 12, 2006 at http://www.quotegarden.com/safety.html
Seam Ripper (Figure 6). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 9, 2006 at
http://www.images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://missourifamilies.org/learningopps/learnmater
ial/tools/toolsjb/tools400/seamripsqr400.jpg&imgrefurl=http://missourifamilies.org/learningopps/le
arnmaterial/tools/seamripper.htm&h=400&w=400&sz=69&hl=en&start=10&tbnid=WZVdO6A0K
TaOrM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dseam%2Brippers%26svnum%3D10%26
hl%3Den%26lr%3D
Serger Machine Basics (Appendix B). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 15, 2006 at
http://www.sewing.org/files/guidelines/2_150_serger.pdf
Sewing Machine Basics (Appendix A). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 15, 2006 at
http://www.sewing.org/files/guidelines/2_102_sewing_machine_basics.pdf
Sewing Machine Operator’s Permit (Figure 16) JPG graphic adapted from the World Wide Web
on July 20, 2006 at http://www.findlays.ca/images/sewing-images/sewinghome_r2_c15.jpg
Sewing Safety 1O1 (Figure 1) Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 10, 2006 at
http://www.sewfastseweasy/com/photo_album/Kids+Teens+Sewing/index.hph?start=4
Sewing Shears (Figure 8). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 9, 2006 at
http://www.i.timeinc.net/toh/images/tools/tm200504_snip513.jpg
Sewing Tools (Appendix D). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 15, 2006 at
http://www.sewing.org/files/guidelines/1_107_sewing_tools.pdf
Tracing Wheels (Figure 7). Retrieved from the World Wide Web on August 11, 2006 at
51
http://www.thecostumestore.co.uk/mall/TheCostumeStore/customerimages/products/04-07.jpg
The Basic Sewing Kit. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on August 8, 2006 at
http://www.marthastewart.com/page.jhtml?type=content&id=channel172053
Weber, J. (1990) Clothing: Fashion, fabrics, and construction. Peoria, IL: Glencoe and
McGraw-Hill.
Westfall, M. (2002). Successful sewing. Tinley Park, IL: The Goodheart-Willcox.


















52
Appendix A
Sewing Machine Basics
Whether you’re purchasing your first sewing machine or trading up to one with more bells and whistles, it’s
helpful to understand the basic features so you can make an educated choice.
Power Switch
Some machines have a power switch to turn the machine off and on, and this switch may be separate from
the one controlling the machine light. With many students frequenting the sewing area, a power switch is a
safety option. If the machine doesn’t have a power switch, consider plugging it into a safety strip with a
master switch.
Light
Good task lighting is essential to successful sewing. A machine may have one or more light locations, but
be sure one is well directed at the presser foot and needle area. Some lights operate independent of the
machine power.
Stitches
Machines have varying number of stitches, from the straight stitch, which is essential for ordinary seaming,
to hundreds of decorative stitches. Evaluate your students sewing needs and match them to the stitch
selection. Good basics include straight, zigzag, blind hem, mending and buttonhole stitches and the ability
to stitch in reverse for anchoring seams. Note the maximum
stitch length and width capabilities of each machine. If you plan to sew on knits, look for stretch stitches
and/or overcast stitches with built-in flexibility. For creative potential, many machines offer a myriad of
decorative stitches. Keep in mind that more stitches doesn’t necessarily mean a better or higher quality
machine, and if you don’t envision a use for them, perhaps you can get by with fewer stitches and trade up
later if needed.
Display Screen
Computerized machines feature an LCD or LED display screen showcasing stitch options and adjustments.
Check for clarity and a comfortable size you can see clearly.
Tension Adjustment
Upper and lower thread tensions need to be balanced to produce a good stitch. Some machines
have numbered external dials for adjusting upper tension, others have computerized adjustment capabilities.
The bobbin thread tension is adjustable with a screw on the bobbin casing.
Presser Feet
Check to see how many presser feet come with the machine. A multipurpose foot allows you to stitch
straight and zigzag stitches for basic sewing, but you’ll also need a zipper foot, buttonhole foot and a blind
hem foot if the machine has a hemming stitch. Beyond these basics, the world is your oyster for specialty
presser feet. Common accessory feet include a Teflon foot for sticky fabrics, decorative stitch feet, narrow
hemming feet and hundreds more, depending on the machine model. Keep in mind that there are brandspecific feet and generic feet and both could be usable on your machine. The first is available only from a
dealer, and the second from notion companies or the fabric store. Many machines allow you to adjust the
pressure on the presser foot to accommodate thick or thin fabrics. Some also allow extra lifting space to
insert thick fabrics or position a free-motion
Thread Delivery
Sewing machines may have one or more vertical and/or horizontal spool pins to hold thread. Novelty and
metallic threads often require alternate positioning to feed properly without tangling, slipping or binding. If
a sewing machine has more than one spool pin, it usually indicates that you can use a double or triple needle
for decorative work. Check your manual.
53
Bobbins
Every machine needs a bobbin to form stitches. Some allow you to wind the bobbin while sewing, others do
not. Most machines offer a sensor to stop winding the bobbin when it’s full, and some also have a built-in
sensor to alert you when the bobbin is running low on thread while stitching.
Needle Position
Computerized and electronic machine models allow for multiple needle position adjustment. This is
important if you want to move your stitching line to the left or right while keeping the fabric on the full
width of the feed dog for even feeding and stitch length.
Feed Dogs
Feed dogs, the “teeth” under the presser foot that move the fabric, can be lowered on many machines for
free motion stitching, bar tacking, darning and other novelty uses. If lowering isn’t possible, a cover plate
should be available.
Buttonholes
Buttonhole making is essential for garment construction and many machines offer several types of
buttonhole stitches, depending on the fabric choice. At minimum, look for a buttonhole suitable for woven
fabrics and another option for knits, and check if sizing is determined and maintained by the machine or
manually.
Nice-to-Have Options
A built-in needle threader is helpful if vision and dexterity are a concern, or if you plan to stitch regularly
with novelty threads. A needle stop, allowing you to automatically select whether the needle stops up or
down, is helpful for quilting and topstitching. If you plan to do work that regularly requires you to use both
hands, consider a model with a knee-lift for the presser foot. A knee-lift allows you to raise or lower the
presser foot with your knee, keeping your hands free to maneuver the fabric. A hard machine cover is good
if you plan to transport your machine between classes, or if you don’t have a permanent location for your
sewing area and must move or store it frequently.
Tools
Some basic tools and accessories should come with a machine—screw driver (to help change the needle)
and a small brush (to get rid of lint) are basics. Other helpful supplies are oil, if the machine requires
lubrication, and assorted needles. Machines also often come with caps or nets to help control slippery
threads.
The Fine Points
Be sure to understand the warranty and service needs of a new sewing machine. What exactly is covered
and for how long? Does the warranty include parts and labor, or only manufacturing defects? Is an optional
extended warranty available and, if so, what is the cost and what does it cover? When the machine needs to
be repaired or serviced, is it done at the dealer, or does it need to be shipped out somewhere? What is the
usual turnaround time and can you obtain a loaner machine in the interim?
Instruction
A manual should come with the machine, but many now come with videos or DVDs to show you how to
use all the features. You can also check on-line dealer web sites for the machine’s use.
Once you understand the basic features of a sewing machine, be sure to stitch on all models and brands
you’re considering purchasing. When “test driving” a machine you are interested in, take a wide variety of
fabric samples and threads with you to the store. Test these fabrics and threads using a variety of the
stitches on each machine before you make a decision.
54
Appendix B
Serger Machine Basics
Not long ago, sergers were only available for commercial use. The machines were huge, heavy and
impractical for home sewers. Fortunately, the market has changed and there is a wonderful assortment of
industrial-quality sergers, at a variety of price points, designed specifically for home sewers.
What is a Serger?
A serger is a special-purpose machine that produces professionally finished seams, like those found on
ready-to-wear garments. It uses between two and nearly a dozen threads to encase the raw edge of the fabric
with an overcast stitch, while trimming away the seam allowance—all at speeds of up to 1,700 stitches per
minute. Instead of a bobbin and single needle, the serger has a cutting blade, “loopers” and multiple
needles. Sergers are used to clean-finish the seam allowance although today’s models can do far more than
that, and they have become increasingly easy to operate, creatively diverse in stitch capability and more
economical to own.
What Does a Serger Do?
A serger does not replace a sewing machine. Its primary function is to clean finish a raw edge, giving the
project a professional appearance. Many serger stitches have built-in stretch, making them the perfect tool
for seaming knit fabrics. Additionally, the eyes of the loopers are larger than the eyes of sewing needles
and can therefore accommodate thicker decorative threads.
About Serger Stitches
As the number of needles and loopers increases, so does the diversity of the stitches; and as the stitch
diversity increases, so does the price. Once you understand the stitches, you can ask a
serger dealer which machine best suits your needs. For information on types of serger stitches and what
they're used for.
What Sergers Do
• Finish seams and edges
• Sew stretch seams
• Embellish with decorative thread
• Embellish with flat-lock, chain stitch or cover stitch
• Reduce puckering and rippling on hard-to-sew fabrics
• Apply elastic and other trims
• Hem sheer and lightweight fabrics without puckering
• Hem garments with cover-stitch
• Edge-finish reversible items
• Execute beautiful rolled hems
• Finish with decorative edgings
• Gather fabric (differential-feed adjustment)
• Speed up construction time
What Sergers Don’t Do
• Baste
• Sew in reverse
• Install zippers
• Make buttonholes
• Embroider
• Topstitch (unless the machine
is capable of cover-stitching)
Threading Ease:
Nothing is more frustrating than a machine that is too difficult to use. Thread and rethread any machine
you’re considering buying. Be sure you know how to thread the lower looper; it’s usually the most
challenging thread path. Most sergers have color-coded thread paths and lay-in threading.
55
Differential Feed:
This adjusts the movement of the feed dogs, and therefore how the fabric feeds, to eliminate puckers,
stretching and ripples in seams. It can also be adjusted to gather the fabric.
Included Accessory Feet:
The more accessories included with the machine, the better. They’re quite expensive to buy separately.
Instructional Classes and On-Site Repair:
If possible, take classes to learn all the functions of the machine. Hands-on experience will help you get the
most mileage from your purchase. Ask if classes and/or an instructional video are included in the cost of the
machine.
LCD Screen:
Found on more-expensive machines, the display panel shows machine adjustment information for all the
various stitches.
Conversion Ease:
Be sure to ask how the machine converts from a standard serger stitch to a rolled hem or chain stitch.
Sometimes it’s a button/dial; sometimes it involves disengaging a thread path or adding a conversion plate.
Also ask if the blades can be disengaged and if so how do you disengage the blades/knives?
Do You Need or Want a Serger?
Do you need a serger? Probably not. Do you want a serger? Most certainly yes! Both beginning and
experienced sewers benefit from tools that simplify sewing and make professional results easier. Most
sewing machines have an overlock or overcast stitch in their library of stitches, so why do you need a
serger? You don’t really need one, but they’re nice to have, and, while a sewing machine can certainly
perform an overcast stitch, it can’t cut the fabric as it stitches, and it can’t use the thicker, decorative threads
that are so popular. And most sewing machines don’t sew anywhere near as fast as sergers.
Ask yourself:
• Will you use the machine for more than edge finishes?
• Will you seam knits? Wovens?
• Will you experiment with decorative threads?
• Will you embellish fabric with the flatlock stitch?
• Will you be sewing curtains, drapes and other large items that require clean seams?
Determine how much you think you will use a serger, familiarize yourself with the various stitches and then
take time to visit at least two serger dealers. Have the dealer demonstrate the machine and explain its stitch
capability. Practice threading several different models before making a purchase. If possible, purchase your
serger from a dealer so you have the opportunity to take classes, ask follow-up questions and utilize
convenient repair and maintenance service.
56
Appendix C
Basic Equipment
There are some sewing tools that you can’t even begin without. The correct sewing tool makes any sewing
project easier. Knowing which tool to select and where to use it will simplify and improve the outcome of
each sewing step. The sewing tools listed below are the basic tools of the trade that help you save precious
sewing time. Compare the items listed below to those in your sewing basket, and treat yourself to some of
the ones that are missing. Also, look for new sewing tools at the notions counter of your favorite sewing
store every time you shop. Ask for a demonstration if you’re not sure how particular products work. When
you purchase sewing tools select brand names for their quality and products that have clear directions.
Disappearing Ink Pen
A nonpermanent ink pen, usually with blue or violet ink, is used for transferring pattern markings. The ink
eventually disappears (air-soluble) or is easily removed with water (water-soluble). Check the ink on a
scrap of the fabric prior to using it on your projects.
Iron & Ironing Board
You cannot sew without these. While sewing, keep your iron warmed to the wool setting, and be prepared
to press each seam after you stitch it, depending on the fabric’s ability to handle heat. Never stitch across a
seam that hasn’t been pressed. It’s a sure way to make your project look homemade.
Needles
Sewing needles, both hand and machine, are another must-have item. There are many types of needles, and
there are separate guidelines that give in-depth information on how to choose the correct one for your
sewing project. For the most basic machine-sewing project, choose a universal or ball-point needle for knit
fabrics, and a “sharp” for woven fabrics. Choose the size of the needle based on the weight of the fabric.
For lightweight fabrics, choose a finer needle (lower numbers); for heavyweight fabrics, choose a thicker
needle (larger numbers).
Pins
Straight pins range in lengths from 1/2" to 1 7/8". Look for sharp, smooth, rustproof pins that can bend
without breaking. Use different types for general sewing, quilting, working with silks or knits.
Pincushion
Pincushions come in a variety of styles. The most popular styles include the familiar red tomato with an
emery-filled strawberry, which sharpens and cleans pins and needles; a rectangular, wristband pincushion
mounted on a plastic wristband that is perfect for pin-fitting and marking hems; and magnetic “grabber”
types that make for easy plop-and-drop pin catching.
Seam Gauge
Also called a sewing gauge, this 6" ruler with a sliding red marker has many uses. Use it to mark hems,
buttons and buttonholes as well as design details, such as pleats and tucks.
Seam Ripper
A curved metal cutting blade used to “rip” stitches or “reverse sew.” One end of the curved blade has a
sharp point and the other has a small plastic ball that prevents the ripper from slipping. Use a seam ripper
to remove stitches one at a time, slash machine stitched buttonholes, and to pick out loose threads caught in
stitching.
57
Tape Measure
Flexible fiberglass or fabric measuring tape that is ideal for taking body measurements, measuring patterns
and layouts as well as general measuring. Fabric types tend to stretch after prolonged use.
Thimble
Made of metal, rubber, leather or plastic, a thimble is small, protective covering that slips over the index or
middle finger. When hand-sewing or quilting, a thimble protects the fingertip from pin pricks and is used to
push the needle through multiple layers of fabric.
58
Appendix D
Sewing Tools
As with any profession or hobby, using the right tools can make all the difference in the world and can
make the difference between amateur or professional results. Even if you’ve only sewn a few projects and
collected some basic sewing tools, it may be time to learn about some of the advanced sewing tools
designed to give your project that professional edge. Most sewing projects can be completed without the
following tools, but as you improve and fine-tune your skills and develop an affinity for quilting, home
decorating or clothing construction, you’ll find these tools indispensable for saving time, increasing
accuracy and simplifying tasks.
Cutting Tools
Needlework Scissors and Snips
Small, 3"- to 5"-long needlework scissors or snips are indispensable for clipping close to the stitching line
or trimming intricate areas of a project. They can be used wherever your large bent-handled shears can’t
reach. Snips have spring-loaded handles. Keep a pair alongside the sewing machine, handy to cut stray
threads.
Rotary Cutter
Used with a self-healing mat and a clear plastic ruler, rotary cutters are ideal for straight cuts in one or more
fabric layers. Look for blades that can be easily removed and replaced and a handle that is comfortable.
Rotary mats and rulers are made specifically for rotary-blade cutting, and the materials don’t dull rotary
blades as other products might. Both the mat and the ruler feature gridlines and angles for cutting accuracy.
Measuring & Altering Tools
Grid Board
Use a large grid board under the fabric and pattern to align the fabric grain while pinning and cutting. A
padded grid board allows you to pin into it when stretching or blocking fabric. Some have ironing surfaces
that are also helpful for fusing large fabric sections. Consider a rotating grid board if your space is limited.
Mats and wide rulers used for rotary cutting are actually modified grid boards used both underneath and on
top of the fabric. See “Rotary Cutter” above.
French Curve or Fashion Ruler
These rulers have a variety of curves to mimic the body’s curves and are used when altering patterns. It’s
helpful for the simplest length adjustment and indispensable when actually changing the style of a garment.
Depending on how you turn the ruler and what segment you use, one ruler gives you all the curves
necessary to complete pattern lines when altering or drafting patterns.
Marking Tools
Fabric Marking Pens
The space-age chemicals used to make these clever pens become more high-tech every day. The
disappearing ink allows you to mark most projects at the exact location needed — even on the fabric right
side — without fear of staining or discoloration. Look for an ink color that is in high contrast to your fabric,
and for accuracy select a fine tip. Choose a water-soluble pen for long-term projects, when you want the
markings to remain until you remove them with water. Air-soluble pen inks disappear within a few hours
and are ideal for fabrics that can’t be washed or dampened. Some air- and water-soluble pen manufacturers
caution against exposing marked fabrics to sunlight or the heat of the iron because heat may set the ink
permanently. Always test the pen on a scrap of the fabric before using it on your project.
59
Sewing Tools
Sewing Machine Needles
Sewing needles are designed for the type of fabric, thread and stitches you’re using. Using the right size and
type of needle will greatly improve your sewing success. (Tip: A stitching problem, such as skipped stitches
or looping or shredding threads, at first may appear to be a problem with the machine when actually it’s a
call for a new or better-suited needle.)
Bodkin
Used for drawing elastic, cord or ribbon through a fabric casing, bodkins are available in several different
styles. The pincer is usually the shortest with teeth at one end designed to clamp down firmly on ribbon or
elastic and pull it through a tubular casing. Longer versions have a safety pin style closure at one end, and
the slimmest version, designed like a large sewing needle, has a large eye for feeding narrow cord in narrow
casings. A bodkin’s ball-point end comes in handy for turning fabric tubes right side out.
Point Turner
A point turner is a hand-held, pointed plastic tool designed to poke into tight corners. For crisp, sharp
corners and points, use this tool to push out the corners of collars and cuffs before pressing. The opposite
end is flat or rounded; use it to hold open seam allowances while pressing, so you don’t burn your fingers.
Basting Tape
Much faster than hand basting with needle and thread, use narrow, paper backed basting tape to hold
zippers, bias tapes and trims in place while stitching.
Fray Preventer
A drop of this liquid on the cut edge of a woven fabric will bond the edges and prevent the fabric from
raveling. Before using, test the product on a scrap of the actual fabric, or in an inconspicuous area of the
project. Allow the test piece to dry thoroughly. Then wash, dry and press it as you would the finished
project, to be sure the product doesn’t discolor the fabric.
Pressing Tools
Tailor’s Ham
Resembling a ham, this pressing tool is used as a base or a mold when pressing curved or shaped seams. It’s
available in several sizes and should be covered on one side in cotton and the other in wool. The ham’s
curves are designed to mimic garment curves and are used to set the shape of collars, lapels, sleeve caps and
more.
Point Presser & Pounding Block
The raised points of this wooden tool allow you to press deep into a corner without creasing the surrounding
fabric. The base is used as a pounding block, or clapper, to flatten seams.
Needle Board
A flat, flexible board with a bed of short needles placed very close together, a velvet board or needle board
is used for pressing napped fabrics, such as velvet and corduroy, without crushing the fabric’s pile. A less
expensive, and less-effective, version of a needle board features a canvas backed fabric with a raised pile
front that takes the place of the needles.
60
Appendix E
Choosing and Using Cutting Tools
Facts and Facets
The information in this Guideline is designed to help you choose and use the most appropriate cutting tool
for the project at hand. Consider quality and end use when shopping for scissors, shears and rotary cutters.
Many fabric stores have display models you may try before buying from stock, while some cutting tools are
packaged so you can actually sample them. To test scissors or shears, hold them as you would to cut, and
consider how their weight and balance feel in your hand. Check for smoothness inside the handle rings.
Then cut a variety of fabrics as the quality tests below suggest. To help ensure future satisfaction, also look
for:
• Tempered- or stainless-steel blades. The former has a reputation for quality and strength, the
latter for value and being lightweight and rustproof.
• Uniform width and angle of the cutting edges.
• Smooth cutting from the back of the blades to the points.
• Adjustable screw securing the blades. If the blades on scissors work out of alignment; shears
with an adjustable screw can be readjusted using the screw to correct the blade alignment.
Scissors with a nonadjustable rivet (sometimes molded to look like an adjustable screw) cannot
be fixed.
• A reasonable warranty.
Care Guidelines
To use shears to maximum advantage, take long strokes the length of the blades. Never use fabric-cutting
scissors on paper or other non-fabric materials. Tie a piece or ribbon around your fabric scissors, and tell
your family that the ribbon means fabric only. Or, purchase scissors and shears with different-color handles.
Wipe scissors clean with a dry cloth after each use. This is especially important after cutting polyesters and
other synthetics; lint from these manmade fibers is abrasive and can dull the blades. Keep the cutting
blades sharp. Some stainless steel scissors and shears come with a molded plastic sheath that has a built-in
blade sharpener. Forged steel scissors and shears can be sharpened using a sharpening stone. Both may be
sharpened using a professional-style electric sharpener. Or they may be sent to a professional sharpening
service or back to the manufacturer. Occasionally oil the pivot screw with a tiny drop of sewing machine
oil. Open and close the blades a few times, then wipe the blades with a soft cloth. Don’t force a cut—this
can deform the blades or spread them permanently. Store your scissors or shears in a box or pouch.
Cutting into a straight pin or needle will permanently damage scissors. (Tip: Keep small scissors or thread
snips handy by tying them to a length of ribbon and wearing them like a necklace as you sew.)
Cutting Tool Definitions & Uses
Many cutting tools are available for “lefties” (lefthanders); ask your dealer about special ordering lefthanded scissors if they aren’t in stock; some shears are available with spring-action handles — often
preferred by those plagued by arthritis and repetitive strain injuries. Be sure your cutting table is an
appropriate height for you and your cutting task.
Bent-handled shears
This type of cutting shear features an angled lower blade. This keeps the blade flush with the table surface
while cutting, affording greater accuracy. Popular lengths are 7" to 10". These also are available with
micro-serrated blades for more precise cutting of thin, slick fabrics and in lightweight models for making
large cutting jobs more comfortable on all but the heaviest fabrics.
Quality test: Cut to the tip through four layers of mid-weight fabric.
61
General-purpose shears
These will save your sewing shears and scissors from misuse. Use to cut paper, trim leather, snip twine and
for other general household textiles. Quality test: Cut through two layers of cardboard.
Sewing scissors
(Also called trimmers or tailor’s scissors) come in a wide range of lengths, with 5" to 7"
most often recommended. These tools feature finely tapered blades with one pointed and one rounded tip;
the blunt tip prevents fabric snagging when trimming and grading seams. Quality test: Cut through two
layers of mid-weight fabric. Clip notches with the tip.
Embroidery scissors
These are scissors with thin, 3 1/2"- to 5"-long blades, are ideal for clipping and notching, trimming fabric
from delicate appliqués and embroidery, and snipping thread tails. Many are reproductions of antiques with
figurative handles, decorative scrollwork and various metallic finishes, making them as beautiful as they are
useful. Quality Test: Cut a five-pointed star from sheer fabric.
Appliqué scissors
These are especially designed for close trimming while protecting fabric from damage. The
“duckbill” blade allows the scissors to glide between layers of fabric. The curved handles make it easy to
trim appliqués and thread when fabric is stretched in an embroidery hoop. Quality Test: Trim fabric close to
edge stitching.
Machine embroidery scissors
These feature unique handles curved to one side to allow comfortable, accurate trimming of loose threads
on machine embroidery. Quality test: Clip threads from work in a machine embroidery hoop.
Thread nippers and clippers
These are spring-action clippers—with or without a finger loop—featuring very short blades for cutting
thread tails and clipping seams quickly. Quality test: Clip a small length of thread or yarn. Spring-back
action should be brisk.
Pinking shears
These shears have saw-tooth blades. They are used to add a ravel-resistant seam finish to loosely woven
fabric, automatically notching and reducing bulk in seams and creating a decorative finish on fabrics that
don’t ravel. Lengths range from 7" to 10 1/2". Also available are light-weight models, as well as scalloping
shears for a more rounded effect. Quality test: Cut from the second tooth to the tip, close to the edge of both
light-weight and heavy-weight fabrics. Check for an uneven “pinked” pattern. A deeper cut will stop the
raveling better.
Buttonhole scissors
This scissor has a special adjustable screw to secure it when partially open. This open position translates to
a precise cutting length (usually between 1/2" and 1 1/4") that prevents cutting through the stitches at the
buttonhole end. Quality test: Adjust the screw to correlate to a buttonhole length and mark that length on a
double layer of test fabric. Test on both light- and heavy-weight fabric for ease and precision.
62
Appendix F
Machine Spacing
The diagram shows recommended distances around sewing
machines on a side bench. The diagram shows a corner bench
but the principles can be applied to other situations, such as
freestanding tables. The shaded area shows an overlap of
500mm, which is applicable if benching is back to back (for
example, in a peninsular arrangement). The 800mm dimension
shows the recommended distance from the centre of a sewing
machine placed at the end of a run of benching to the end of the
bench.
* (Distance between last sewing machine and end of run of
benching)
63
Appendix G
Room Design and Layout
The textiles room shown here is a ‘clean’ area used for a variety of fabric-based design and
making activities. Pupils may use sewing and knitting machines, work with fabrics by hand
and test and analyze fabrics. Computer-controlled machines give pupils the opportunity to
design and make products with CAD/CAM equipment.







Central services allow sewing machines to be used anywhere
There is a specific sewing machine area (shown on pivoting storage units) along
perimeter
At least one table is adjustable for wheelchair use; fixed benching at print & textile
Wheeled display cabinet allows teacher to talk about displays as part of presentation
Gathering area around electronic whiteboard and table allows for whole-class
demonstrations, discussions and presentations
Loose tables in centre of room can be gathered together for fabric cutting, etc. or
rearranged into groups
Two table heights allow for different activities; A variety of 2D and 3D displays are
assumed wherever possible, including a fabric display
64
Appendix H
Key Planning Principles
1. The materials-preparation room is positioned for the convenient delivery of
materials from outside, and to facilitate technicians’ access to workshops.
2. The food-preparation room is immediately adjacent to the food-technology
spaces, for the technician’s convenience and for reasons of hygiene.
3. The shared ICT and design area is centrally located, easily accessible to all pupils
and visible from surrounding spaces.
4. Related departments such as science or art are nearby, maximizing opportunities
for sharing equipment.
5. The shared CAD/CAM facility (if provided in this way) is located for easy access
by all pupils and staff in the suite.
65
Websites and Resource List
Audiovisual Aids
Incident prevention and investigation videos available through Utah Safety Council at
http://www.utahsafetycouncil.org/Vidlib/cat05-Inc%20Prevent%20Investigate.html
Community and Professional (Safety) Contacts and Resources

Contact your department head, school administrators and local school board district
(depending on the school in which you teach) for specific instructional components, safety
policies and procedures (such as accidental investigations and body protection
requirements) involving technology lab education.
Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety’s direct link http://www.ccohs.ca/
CCOHS also offers a new gateway to workplace safety for youth in conjunction with Job Safe
Canada through the following site http://job-one.ccohs.ca/
Education Act. (Regulation 298, S20) for Duties of Teachers in which areas for duty of care are
identified in relation to safe facilities, equipment, risk, supervision, first aid and medical
accessibility, and professional development. Full document is available for download at
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90e02_e.htm
Health Canada for workplace health and public safety programming can be contacted on the
World Wide Web at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hecs-sesc/whpsp/index.htm
North American Occupational Safety and Health can be contacted at http://www.naosh.org
Ontario Ministry of Education and Training (1999). The Ontario curriculum, grades 9 and 10:
Social sciences and the humanities. Ottawa: Queen’s Printer for Ontario.
Ontario Ministry of Education and Training (2000). The Ontario curriculum, grades 11 and 12:
Social sciences and humanities. Ottawa: Queen’s Printer for Ontario
Ontario Teachers College. (1999). Standards of Practice for the Teaching Profession. Web site
contact at http://www.oct.on.ca
OSSTF. (1998). Handbook for Health and Safety Officers in Bargaining units and Districts.
Access through the web site http://www.osstf.on.ca
66
Provincial health and safety associations:
Ministry of Labour Health and Safety on the Job for Ontario’s Young Workers can be
contacted at http://www.worksmartontario.gov.on.ca/scripts/default.asp
Education Safety Association of Ontario can be contacted at http://www.esao.on.ca
Occupational Health and Safety Act (1990) for specific regulations for the teacher as
employer at http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Statutes/English/90o01_e.htm
WHMIS for more information regarding Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System visit
http://www.whmis.net
Equipment and Supplies
The Home Sewing Association for general information and guidelines at http://www.sewing.org
Bernina USA Home Page (select “Sewing Studio” and then “Learning Center”) for beginner
sewing skills http://www.berninausa.com/home.jsp
Games
Tools and Equipment On-line Quiz for students at http://www.learners.org.uk/ssf/intro.htm
The Sewing Machine On-line Quiz for students at http://www.learners.org.uk/ssf/intro.htm
Journals
CCOHS provides the following database link to current literature regarding health and safety
http://www.cchst.ca/products/databases/oshline/article.html
NOSHES (Newsletter on Occupational Safety & Health Educational Support), Winter/Spring,
2004- 2005 in PDF format at http://www.losh.ucla.edu/youth/pdf/newsletter-winter05.pdf
Poetry
Maso, T. (2002). I Am The Educator from http://unionsong.com/maso/I_am_the_educator.html
Merrell, D. I Choose to Look The Other Way from http://local223uwua.org/safety/poem1.htm
Merrell, D. It’s Up to Me from http://local223uwua.org/safety/poem2.htm
Posters
The following sites have general workplace health and safety posters available for order:
http://www.esao.on.ca
http://www.geocities.com/ocesafetyposter
67
Project Ideas
No-sew T-shirt Project at http://www.sewing.org/enthusiast/html/et_no_sew_create_a_tee.html
Charitable (global) sewing projects at http://www.sewing.org/enthusiast/html/e_charitysew.html
Blankets and/or Pajamas for Triage, contact Linda Lo Re at The Hospital for Sick Children, 555
University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 or email at pjsforpreemies@yahoo.ca
Coconut Gear, R.O. Box 441, Medford, MN, 55049. Telephone: (507) 451 1000
Sew Kits by Lida, Inc., R.O. Box 500, Harleton, TX, 75651. Telephone: 1 800 882 5487
To Sew Inc., P. O. Box 974, Malibu, CA, 90265. Telephone: 1 800 824 5278
http://www.pineappleappeal.com
http://www.stanwoodkits.com
http://www.haan.com
http://www.lamasewingkits.com
Simplicity Pattern Company at http://www.simplicity.com/index.cfm?page=shipBuyInfoNonUS.html
McCall, Butterick, Vogue Patterns at http://www.mccall.com/
Neue Mode and Burda (German Pattern companies), and American Kwik Sew patterns are
available for order at http://www.thesewingplace.com/index.asp
Serger project – teen beach bag at http://www.sewing.org/enthusiast/html/et_beachbag.html
Songs
Hurlburt, D. Jim Grahame Song. Lyrics and story behind the song available on UnionSongs
website at http://unionsong.com/u321.html
Warner, J. (1997). Mark Allen. Music, lyrics, story behind this song is available on UnionSongs
website at http://unionsong.com/u035.html
Teaching and Training Kits
Live Safe! Work Smart! provides a gateway to health and safety considerations and instructional
resources designed for teachers. Visit there site at
http://www.livesafeworksmart.net/english/index.htm
Ontario Ministry of Education and Training (2003) Live Safe! Work Smart! Kit for technological
studies and safety. There is also an extended, nine page resource list entitled, Health and
Safety Resources to Support Health and Safety Expectations in the Ontario Secondary
School Curriculum, and is available in PDF file at http://www.octe.on.ca/Techsafety_lsws.pdf
68
CCOHS also offers specialized safety education and training for a variety of contexts that are
applicable to fashion lab setting. For professional development possibilities visit their link
at http://www.aim4safety.com/
Texts
Fashion18 magazine also has an on-line web site through http://www.fashion18.com/
Reader’s Digest Association. (1992). Complete guide to sewing (17th ed.). Pleasantville, New
York: Reader’s Digest.
Soto, A. (2001). Simply the best sewing book. New York, New York: Simplicity Pattern Co.
Singer (1984). Sewing essentials. Minnetonka, Minnesota: Cy DeCosse Inc.
Weber, J. (1990) Clothing: Fashion, fabrics, and construction. Peoria, IL: Glencoe and
McGraw-Hill.
Westfall, M. (2002). Successful sewing. Tinley Park, IL: The Goodheart-Willcox.
69