Study Guide for the HBS Digestive System
Lessons 1-7
HBS Lesson 1: A Preassessment
Part I. Directions: Fill in the space with the best vocabulary word.
Cell
Body system
Tissue
Organism
Organ
Galen
________________ A group of organs that work together to
perform a task.
________________ Basic unit of structure or life.
_________________ A group of cells working together to form a
task.
_________________ Group of tissues working together to perform
a task.
__________________ Dr. whom some people call the first sports
medicine doctor. He was the official doctor for the gladiators and
identified 300 muscles.
HBS Lessons 2 & 3: Moving through the Digestive
Tract & Exploring Carbohydrates
Digestion * Mechanical Digestion * Peristalsis * Sphincter * Chemical
Digestion * Mucus * Amino Acids * Nutrients * Carbohydrates *
Glucose * Glycogen * Unsaturated Fats * Fiber * Proteins * Saturated
Fats * Vitamins * Minerals * Water * Fats
_________________ The process of breaking down food
_________________ Regular muscular contractions that move food
through the digestive tract
_________________ A physical change that occurs while food is
breaking down. (i.e. tongue mashing & teeth grinding)
_________________ A ring of muscles found at organ connections
that assist in the forward movement of food, in digestion
_________________ A chemical change in food which changes the
food into a different form (chemical bonds are broken down)
_________________ Lubrication to help food travel through the
digestive tract
_________________ The simplest carbohydrate is a sugar called?
This is the first type of fuel your body will use.
_________________ Sugar and starch are the 2 major parts of this
basic food group.
_________________ Fuel your body needs to keep you going
________________ Is a carbohydrate that doesn’t digest but helps
move food through and out of your intestines.
________________ Builds tissue and repairs damage to muscle
tissue.
________________ Is needed in small amounts in your body, too
much can cause you to gain weight. Helps to protect the internal
organs. Gives 2 times the energy than carbohydrates or proteins
________________ Meat, cheese, butter, sweet baked goods are
examples of what kind of fat?
________________ Plant products (vegetables) and nuts are all
examples of what kind of fat?
________________ We need 13 kinds of these daily. They help to
build blood cells and help the chemicals in our body that control the
nervous system.
________________ This nutrient helps build bones, teeth, and blood
cells.
________________ Even though this liquid doesn’t contain any
nutrients, it helps transport nutrients and waste through out the body.
It helps control our body temperature. Our cells, brain, and muscles
are packed with this liquid which we need to replenish daily.
________________ If you have too much glucose in your body it will
turn into this and be stored in your muscles and liver.
________________ if a food has all 9 of these, it is a complete
protein, if a food has less than 9 of these it is called an incomplete
protein.
HBS Lessons 4 & 5: Digestion in the Mouth & Stomach
Incisors * Epiglottis * Bolus * Salivary Amylase * Canines *
Molars * Pre-molars * Chyme * Ulcer * HCl * Pepsin * Mucus *
Gastric Juice
The ________________ covers over the trachea to allow food
to go down the esophagus.
________________ are the pointed teeth, at the sides of the
mouth, used for tearing.
When food is chewed and mixed, it turns into a moist ball or a
________________.
________________ and ______________ are the flat teeth
found at the back of the mouth, on top and bottom, used to crush
and grind food to make it soft.
________________ a digestive enzyme, found in saliva, begins
the chemical process of breaking down starches into simple sugar.
The front teeth or _________________, are used for cutting
and slicing food.
________________ is the enzyme which begins the breakdown
of proteins.
HCL and Pepsin make up ________________.
The soupy mixture of digested proteins and carbohydrates is
called ___________________.
An ________________ is a hole in your stomach lining.
The glands in the stomach walls secrete __________________
which in turn triggers the release of pepsin.
The thick coating in the stomach called _________________
protects the stomach from its own gastric juices digesting itself.
True or False: Based on your findings from Lessons 4 and 5,
answer the following questions.
____________ The starch solution tested positive for starch.
____________ The amylase tested positive for both sugar and
starch.
____________ Amylase and Starch solution tested positive for
both sugar and starch.
____________ The starch solution tested positive for sugar.
_____________ The sugar molecules were able to pass through the
membrane into the water in the test tube.
_____________ The starch molecules were able to pass through the
membrane into the water in the test tube.
HBS Lessons 6 & 7: Diffusion & Absorption
Some words may be used more than once.
Duodenum * Lymph Vessels * Diffusion * Active Transport *
Blood Vessels * Cellular Respiration * Passive transport * Absorption *
Microvilli * Villi * Surface Area * Liver * Appendix * Gallbladder*
The majority of digestion takes place in the ________________, the
first part of the small intestine.
Fats are allowed into the bloodstream by______________________.
__________________________ allows nutrients to be absorbed
into the body.
_________________ and ______________ are the two ways that
materials/substances can pass through blood vessels and lymph
vessels.
_________________ is an organ with no known function.
_________________ is the organ which produces bile and
_________________ is the organ which stores the bile.
_________________ is the process by which a substance can pass
through a cell membrane without needing any cellular energy.
The process by which materials, using energy supplied by the cell, are
moved across a membrane is called __________________________.
Diffusion is also called ________________.
Cellular Respiration is also known as _________________.
The process by which nutrients are passed through the cell walls that
line the digestive tract is known as _________________.
__________________, finger-like projections and
__________________, microscopic finger-like projections line the
wall of the small intestine, increasing its surface area, allowing
nutrients to be absorbed
The area on the surface of the small intestine is called its
_______________________. Unfolded it would cover about an
entire football field.
Find the Surface area of the following rectangular solid:
3 cm
2 cm
6 cm
True or False:
____________the sugar molecules passed through the membrane.
____________ the starch molecules passed through the membrane.