Wayne E. Sirmon
HI 102 – Western Civilization
HI 102 – Work to be done….
Article #2 Approved – 20 FEB
Learning Lunch – “Mobile v. New Orleans: Tale
of 2 Mardi Gras Cities” – 26 FEB
Article #2 DUE – 27 FEB
Mardi Gras Day – 4 MARCH
Spring Break – 10-14 MARCH
EXAM TWO – 18 MARCH
Chapter 20
The French Revolution
Chapter 20
The French Revolution
Reform and Political Crisis
1789: The French Revolution
The Reconstruction of France
The Second Revolution
Chapter 20
Reform and Political Crisis
Ancien Régime in France
Henry IV
Louis XIII
Louis XIV
Louis XV
Louis XVI
Good King Henry
the Just
the Sun King
the Beloved
the Last
1589-1610
1610-1643
1643-1715
1715-1774
1774-1792
Reform and Political Crisis
“enlightened” Absolutism
only limited reforms and freedoms
“I am the State” = “Everything is YOUR fault”
Reform and Political Crisis
Rebellion in America:
fundamentally difference
lack of a rigid system of estates/privilege
war for independence & political revolution
Reform and Political Crisis
Origins of the French Revolution:
weak leadership of Louis XVI
writings of the philosophes
deficit financing (1/2 budget to service debt)
NOT class conflict (Marxist idea)
Reform and Political Crisis
The Estates
1st Estate
CLERGY
00.5%
2nd Estate NOBILITY
01.5%
3d Estate
COMMONERS
98.0%
Reform and Political Crisis
King Louis’ Bernanke (Greenspan):
Jacques Turgot
1774-76
Jacques Necker
1776-83, 87-90
Charles Calonne
1783-87
1789: The French Revolution
Assembly of Notables
(150 influential men)
denounce idea
Parliament
demand Estates General
1789: The French Revolution
Assembly of Notables
(150 influential men)
denounce idea
Parliament
demand Estates General
1st Estate
206 cures
85 higher clergy
2nd Estate
270 nobility
3rd Estate
578
200 lawyers
3 priest, 11 nobles
May 1789
1789: The French Revolution
Vote by Orders (Estates) 1-1-1
vs.
One Man – One Vote (1-1-2)
“Patriots” and“Aristocrats”
“What is the Third Estate?”
EVERYTHING
“What has it been…
in the political order?
NOTHING
What does it desire?
TO BE SOMETHING
Emmanuel Sieyes
1789: The French Revolution
The King invites all citizens to meet and:
Elect delegates (to district electoral assemblies)
Draft grievance petitions (cashiers)
Rural: local ills,
high taxes
King to correct
Urban: natural rights,
popular sovereignty,
written constitution
1789: The French Revolution
“The assembled nation cannot receive orders.”
Louis XVI backs down and there is a non-violent, “legal” revolutionM
Tennis Court Oath – June 20, 1789
1789: The French Revolution
Louis XVI backs down, butM
He commands an army of 107 regiments.
Orders troops to move to the Paris area.
20,000 royal troops – July, 1789
1789: The French Revolution
Louis XVI backs down, butM
Crop failures and grain shortages almost
doubled the price of flour and bread.
Unemployed vagrants filled the roads.
1789: The French Revolution
“Mob rule equals a national holiday”
July 11 – fire Necker
July 12 – excite the mob
army holds fire
July 13 – ransack St. Lazare
take 52 wagons of wheat
July 14 – attack Bastille fortress
30,000 lb. of gunpowder
1789: The French Revolution
“Viva la Nation”
LaFayette commands
National Guard
July 17 - Louis XVI visits Paris
accepts a tricolore
cockade
“Vive le Roi”
Chapter 20
The Reconstruction of France
The Great Fear
Peasant Revolts
Destroy documents
recording feudal
obligations
Loot grain and supplies
Chapter 20
The Reconstruction of France
August 4 (1789)
Decree
feudal system abolished
Church tithes abolished
All citizens eligible for offices
Louis XVI proclaimed
“Restorer of French Liberty”
Chapter 20
The Reconstruction of France
National Assembly:
Reconstruct France
NOT Reform
Natural Rights
NOT privilege
Chapter 20
The Reconstruction of France
The Declaration of the
Rights of Man
Popular sovereignty
Eliminating special rights of nobility
and clergy
Adopted August, 1789
..and Citizen, 1793)
Chapter 20
The Reconstruction of France
The Declaration of the
Rights of Women
“Woman has the right to mount the
scaffold; she must equally have the right to
mount the rostrum.”
Chapter 20
The Reconstruction of France
Civil Constitution of
the Clergy
July 12, 1790
Demand all clergy take loyalty oath
Redraw parish/diocese boundaries
Nationalized Church (10% of land)
“at the disposition of the nation”
Chapter 20
The Reconstruction of France
Louie and Marie’s
Dash for Freedom
June 21, 1791
Chapter 20
The Reconstruction of France
Louie and Marie’s
Dash for Freedom
Chapter 20
1789: The French Revolution