Q1.
The molecular formulae of two hydrocarbons M and N are given.
M = C4H10
N = C4H8
(a)
M reacts with chlorine to form C4H9Cl.
(i)
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of chlorine with M.
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Name this type of reaction.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
A displayed structural formula for N is:
Draw a displayed structural formula of a compound which is an isomer of N.
(1)
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(c)
Complete the boxes to show the displayed structural formula for each of the products
formed.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q2.
Ethene can be identified using instrumental methods.
(i)
Name one instrumental method used to identify elements or compounds.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Give one advantage of using instrumental methods compared with chemical tests.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)
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Q3.
The structures shown are of the first three members of a homologous series of alcohols.
(a)
(i)
Draw a ring around the correct general formula for alcohols.
CnH2n+1OH
C2nH2n+1OH
CnH2n+2OH
(1)
(ii)
What is the formula of the functional group for alcohols?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Ethanol is the alcohol used in alcoholic drinks.
(i)
When ethanol dissolves in water the solution formed is not alkaline.
Tick ( ) the reason why the solution formed is not alkaline.
Reason
Tick ( )
Ethanol can be used as a solvent.
Ethanol dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions.
Ethanol has only covalent bonds in its molecule.
(1)
(ii)
Ethanol is used as a fuel because ethanol burns in oxygen.
Complete and balance the chemical equation for this reaction.
C2H5OH
+
................O2
→ 2 CO2
+ ................
(2)
(c)
Ethanol can be oxidised to produce the compound shown.
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(i)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
acidic.
When this compound dissolves in water, the solution formed is
alkaline.
neutral.
(1)
(ii)
Ethanol reacts with this compound to produce the organic compound shown.
C2H5OH
+
CH3COOH
→
CH3COOC2H5
+
H2O
Complete the sentence.
The type of organic compound produced is ......................................... .
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q4.
The structures shown are of the first two members of a homologous series of organic
compounds.
Methanol
(a)
(i)
Ethanol
Complete the diagram for propanol, the next member of the homologous series.
C― C― C
Propanol
(1)
(ii)
Which one of the statements about ethanol is correct?
Tick ( ) one box.
Statement
Tick ( )
Ethanol dissolves in water to form a neutral solution.
Ethanol reacts with sodium to produce chlorine.
Ethanol does not burn in air.
(1)
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(b)
Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) can be produced from ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
(i)
What type of reaction happens when ethanoic acid is produced from ethanol?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
State one use of ethanoic acid.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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M1.
(a)
(i)
C4H10 + Cl2 → C4H9Cl + HCl
reactants
1
products
ignore incorrect balancing
no state symbols required
1
(ii)
substitution / chlorination
1
(b)
H atoms not necessary
1
(c)
2
[6]
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M2.
(i)
correct named instrumental method
eg
atomic absorption spectroscopy / spectrometry
accept atomic / absorption spectroscopy
accept aas
or
mass spectrometry / spectroscopy
accept mass spec
or
infrared (spectrometry) / IR
or
ultraviolet / spectroscopy / UV
or
nuclear magnetic spectroscopy / nmr
or
gas-liquid chromatography / GLC
1
(ii)
any one from:
•
fast / quick or comment about speed
ignore lost
ignore human error
•
small amount
accept operators do not need chemical skills
•
sensitive / accurate / precise
ignore safe / easier to use
•
ease of automation
•
reliable / efficient
•
can be left to run / continuous analysis
1
[2]
M3.
(a)
(i)
CnH2n+1OH
1
(ii)
OH
1
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(b)
(i)
ethanol has only covalent bonds in its molecule
1
(ii)
3 (O2)
1
3H2O
1
(c)
(i)
acidic
1
(ii)
an ester
1
[7]
M4.
(a)
(i)
7 C-H bonds and 1 C-O-H bond
1
(ii)
ethanol dissolves in water to form a neutral solution
1
(b)
(i)
oxidation
1
(ii)
any one from:
•
in vinegar
•
to make esters
1
[4]
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