Objective 7. L.1:
Understand the processes,
structures and functions of living
organisms that enable them to
survive, reproduce and carry out
the basic functions of life.
Clarifying Objective:
• 7.L.1.1 Compare the
structures and life functions
of single-celled organisms that
carry out all of the basic
functions of life including:
Euglena; Amoeba;
Paramecium; Volvox.
Language Objective: 7.L.1.1
(You) Students Will Be Able To:
Define and explain the following terms:
-Euglena
-Amoeba
-Paramecium
-Volvox
-Protists
-Flagellum
-Cytoplasmic streaming
-Cilia
-Chlorophyll
Language Function
• 7.L.1.1 SWBAT DESCRIBE AND
COMPARE the structures and functions
of single celled organisms. (Euglena,
Amoeba, Paramecium, and Volvox)
Language Skills
7.L.1.1 SWBAT DISCUSS how single celled
organisms are similar and how they vary,
based on their structures and functions.
Language Structures
7.L.1.1 SWBAT USE CORRECT SENTENCE
FORMATION to describe the similarities and
differences between single celled organisms.
(Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium, and Volvox)
Lesson Tasks
7.L.1.1 SWBAT DRAW PICTURES of single
celled organisms and DRAFT SENTENCES
about their life functions. (Foldables)
Essential Question: What are
the characteristics of the
following single-celled
organisms?
Euglena
Amoeba
Paramecium
Volvox
Comparisons of Single-celled
Organisms
Euglena
• Found in calm fresh and salt water
• Used as a model organism in the lab
• Contain chloroplasts (Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and
other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis.)
• Autotrophs – get energy via photosynthesis
• Can also get nourishment heterotrophically like
animals (heterotrophically is an organism that cannot synthesize its own food and
is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition.)
Euglena
• Have features of both plants and animals >
Kingdom Protista
• Heterotrophic feeding – surrounds particle of food
• Autotrophic feeding produces sugars via
photosynthesis where sufficient sunlight is present
• Possess a red eyespot which filters sunlight and
allows the Euglena to find and move towards light
Euglena
• Does not contain a cell wall
• May form a protective barrier and become
dormant until environmental conditions are
more favorable
• Moves by use of a flagella
•
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMWvLl-qJ8mb1maLoPUtppQJkUCFl9FA7
Amoeba
• Can change its shape
• Live in fresh and salt water, in soil, and as
parasites in moist body parts of animals
• Heterotroph
• One large pseudopod on back end, and
several smaller ones branching to the sides
Amoeba
• Eukaryotic – contains one or more nuclei
• Dines on bacteria, algae, and other protozoa
• Food is enveloped, stored, and digested in
vacuoles
• Reproduce asexually (mitosis and cytokinesis)
(Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell
nucleus into two identical sets, in two separate nuclei.) {During Cytokinesis, the
cytoplasm (the liquid center of the cell that holds the organelles into place.) splits into
two equal halves, a cleavage point appears and the cell becomes two daughter cells.}
• Can survive being forcibly divided – the part
with the nucleus survives, other part dies
Amoeba
• May become dormant by forming into a ball and
secreting a protective membrane to survive harsh
environments
• Moves using pseudopod (false foot into which the
body then flows) or by changing shape
• Feed on plankton and diatoms by engulfing them
with a pseudopod
•
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMWvLl-qJ8mYt7rgFNpzZhXm8pim1zjxW
Paramecium
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Moves via cilia and spirals through the water
Can move about 12 body lengths per second
Shape resembles a shoe’s sole
Uses an oral groove to draw food inside
Feed on bacteria and other small cells
Heterotrophic
Relatively large
Paramecium
• Very common in scums and other calm
freshwater environments
• Stiff elastic membrane gives it a definite
shape
• Outer membrane is covered in cilia
Paramecium
• Contain two nuclae (macro and micro)
• Feed on micro-organisms like bacteria,
algae, and yeasts
• Uses cilia to sweep food into the cell mouth
after falling into the oral groove to
eventually be enveloped in a food vacolue (A
vacuole is a membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the
release of cellular waste products.)
•
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMWvLl-qJ8mbRm9VWx_h5mgj8hFF5teCT
Volvox
• Type of green algae
• Forms spherical colonies of up to 50,000 cells
• Live in lots of freshwater habitats – ponds,
ditches, puddles, lagoons
• Colonies have flagellate cells for swimming
Volvox
• Cells have eyespots which enable the
colony to swim towards light
• Make food via photosynthesis
• Heterotrophs
• Act like one multicellular organism
• Reproduce sexually or asexually
Volvox
• Asexual colonies:
– Daughter colonies are held within the parent
colony and have flagella directed inward
– Parent eventually disintegrates and the daughter
colonies invert
• Sexually reproducing colonies:
– Two gametes are produced
– Male colonies release sperm
– Female colonies grow a single oogamete or egg
•
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMWvLl-qJ8mbaKi29FtoRsT0zKKJbGHeP
Quiz
Be sure you have these in
your notes!!!
Which single-celled organisms
moves by flagellum?
A. Euglena
B. Amoeba
C. Paramecium
D. Volvox
A. Euglena
Which single-celled organism
moves by cilia or hairlike
projections?
A. Euglena
B. Amoeba
C. Paramecium
D. Volvox
C. Paramecium
Which single-celled organism uses
pseudopods to surround and engulf
their food?
A. Euglena
B. Amoeba
C. Paramecium
D. Volvox
B. Amoeba
Which single-celled organism is a
colony of ciliates of which some
contain chlorophyll?
A. Euglena
B. Amoeba
C. Paramecium
D. Volvox
D. Volvox
Which single-celled organism has a
unique feature of an eye spot?
A. Euglena
B. Amoeba
C. Paramecium
D. Volvox
A. Euglena
Which single-celled organism
moves by cytoplasmic streaming?
A. Euglena
B. Amoeba
C. Paramecium
D. Volvox
B. Amoeba
Which types of single-celled
organisms can have chlorophyll?
A. Euglena and Amoeba
B. Amoeba and Paramecium
C. Paramecium and Volvox
D. Euglena and Volvox
D. Euglena and Volvox
Which organism appears in the
photos?
• paramecium
Look at the picture.
Be able to answer the questions on the
following slide!
What organelle engulfs food?
A. cytoplasm
B. pseudopods
C. vacuoles
D. nucleus
What organelle digests the food?
A. cytoplasm
B. pseudopods
C. vacuoles
D. nucleus
B. pseudopods
C. vacuoles
A.
B.
Name the organelles located
at A. and B.
A. Is the nucleus
B. Is the cytoplasm