Name: ___________________________________________ America’s History: Chapter 5 Video Guide Big Idea Guided Notes Areas of Concern Questions An Empire Transformed Ñ The Costs of Empire: Ó Britain’s debt ______________ drastically after the 7 Years’ War Ô Increased __________ for British citizens and colonists Ó Smugglers faced harsh punishments – some became indentured servants Ó Increase of British military in America post 7 Years’ War – prevent Native American rebellions – _____________________ ____________________________________________________ Ñ George Greenville and the Reform Impulse: Ó Currency Act (1764): prohibited colonies from using __________ ____________________ Ó The Sugar Act (1764): increased tax that replaced the Molasses Act Ô Many colonists got around it by……….. Why did Ñ ________________________________! colonists dislike Ó The End of Salutary Neglect: the Stamp Act Ô Ended in _____________ more than the Ô Smugglers would be tried in vice-­‐admirality courts; Sugar Act? _____________ until proven ___________________ Ô Many colonists resisted the increase in British control Ó An Open Challenge: The Stamp Act (1765): Ô Tax on _______ commonly used goods, affected most colonists Ñ Violators would be tried in vice-­‐admirality courts Ô Quartering Act – colonists were required to feed and ______________________________________________ The Dynamics of Rebellion (1765 – 1770) Ñ Formal Protests and the Politics of the Crowd: Ó House of Burgesses protested the Stamp Act – Patrick Henry Ó The Stamp Act _________________________: Ô Met to protest the Stamp Act Ô Believed only _____________________ representatives could tax the colonists NOT Parliament Ô Sons of Liberty – protested the Act, attacked royal officials, _____________________ British goods, ______________________________________________ Ó The Motives of the Crowd: Ô Large protests led to many British officials resigning their positions Ñ The Ideological Roots of Resistance: Ó Justification for Colonial Resistance: Ô English Common Law – argued that as subjects of the British Monarchy, colonists deserved certain _________ Ñ
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What British policy towards the colonies ended in 1763? Why? Ñ
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Ô Enlightenment – ideas such as “___________________ __________________,” and “separation of powers” Ô ____________ in Parliament were favorable to colonists Ó Many of these ideas spread rapidly in newspapers and pamphlets (______________________________ from chapter 4) Another Kind of Freedom: Ó Many colonists compared themselves to slaves since they did not give consent to British laws Ô A few colonists challenged slavery (_________________, James Otis) Parliament and Patriots Square Off Again: Ó Britain repealed the Stamp Act in 1766, passed the ______________________ Act: Ô Parliament could pass _________ law in the future Ó Charles Townshend Steps In: Ô Townshend was not sympathetic to the colonists Ô Townshend Acts: Ñ Tax on _________________________________ Ñ Taxes would pay salaries of imperial officials Ñ Colonists resisted these taxes as well…. Ó A Second Boycott and the Daughters of Liberty: Ô Nonimportation agreements – refusing to buy British goods Ô Women played a large role – ______________________ clothing Ô Ben Franklin advocated returning to ________________ policies Ó Troops to Boston: Ô Both the colonists and British dug-­‐in with their beliefs Ô British troops were sent to ________________ (hotbed of resistance) The Problem of the West: Ó Many colonists favored westward expansion (land speculators, traders, squatters) Ó Britain began to view the ________________________________ as permanent Parliament Wavers: Ó Prime Minister Lord North convinced Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts (tax on tea remained) Ó The Boston Massacre: Ô British soldiers in Boston worked jobs that colonists wanted Ô March 5, 1770 – conflict in which Boston troops killed ____ colonists Ô Colonists used this as ________________ to spread their message Ó Sovereignty Debated: Ô Most colonists were loyal and _____________________ ______________________________________________ Ô Rather, they wanted to go back to the days of ______________________________________________ Are you seeing a trend in what most colonists wanted in the 1770s? What was the Olive Branch Petition? The Road to Independence (1771 – 1776) Ñ A Compromise Repudiated: Ó Committees of Correspondence – assemblies that were created for colonial leaders to ___________________ with one another. Another form of ___________________________ Ó The East India Company and the Tea Act: Ô Tea Act (1773) bailed out the East India Company by creating a tax; even though the tea was _____________ than smuggled tea, the colonists were still against it….. Why? _________________________________________ Ó The Tea Party and the Coercive Act: Ô Led by the _________________________________, 342 chests of tea were dumped into the Boston Harbor Ô In response, Britain passed the ____________________ (Intolerable) Acts: Ñ Massachusetts must pay for the tea, port of Boston was closed, MA charter was voided, and town hall meetings were outlawed Ó The Continental Congress Responds: Ô Formed in response to the Coercive Acts Ô 12 colonies (not GA) sent representatives to have ___________________________ and favored a boycott Ô Most did NOT WANT ____________________________, rather the days of Salutary Neglect Ñ The Continental Association: Ó Encouraged a third boycott against British goods Ñ Southern Planters Fear Dependency: Ó Many VA farmers were in ________ to British merchants Ô VA feared that Britain could punish them like MA Ñ Loyalists and Neutrals: Ó Some Patriot leaders (Sam Adams) were accused of serving their own interests Ó Loyalists (those loyal to Britain) numbered around 20 percent Violence East and West Ñ Armed Resistance in MA: Ó Minutemen – Patriots that would warn of conflict with the British Ó Lexington and Concord (1775) Ô 1st battles against the British, “shot heard around the world” Ñ The Second Continental Congress Organizes for War: Ó 2nd C.C. – met in May 1775, appointed _____________________ ________________________ as head of the colonial army Ó Congress Versus King George: Ô Olive Branch Petition was rejected by KG3, deemed the colonies to be in a state of rebellion Ó Fighting in the South: Ô Britain promised to free __________ that were loyalists; angered many slave owners and strengthened the Patriot cause in the South Ó Occupying Kentucky: Ô Daniel Boone occupied newly independent areas of KY Ñ ***Thomas Paine’s __________________________________:*** Ó Written in January 1776 Ó Accused KG3 of several wrongdoings Ó Urged America to declare __________________________ Ô “A government of our own is our natural right, ‘tis time to part.” Ó This is specifically mentioned in the new curriculum Ó Check out my video in the description Ñ Independence Declared: Ó Declaration of Independence – inspired by Common Sense and the _________________________ Ó Jefferson and other writers wrote about ___________________ ______________________________ – the power rests with the people, not the government Quick Recap Ñ ___________________________________________________________ Ñ ___________________________________________________________ Ñ ___________________________________________________________ Ñ ___________________________________________________________ Ñ ___________________________________________________________ Ñ ___________________________________________________________ Ñ ___________________________________________________________