Practical: Bone and Bone Markings
Time frame: 2 minutes total
Practicals are considered a testing situation. Students are expected to work on their own
assigned task individually.
Students will be asked to provide specific examples for
each of the following categories of bones:
1)
2)
3)
4)
long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
For any long bone of the skeleton (articulated or
disarticulated), students will be asked to identify
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
epiphysis
diaphysis
compact bone
spongy bone
medullary cavity
periosteum
epiphyseal plate
articular cartilage
Students will be asked to identify the following bones
and bone markings on an articulated skeleton, skull or
disarticulated (individual) bone:
1) bones of the axial skeleton
a) the bones of the cranium
(1) frontal
(2) parietal
(3) temporal (external acoustic meatus orcanal)
(4) occipital (foramen magnum)
(5) sphenoid
(6) ethmoid
b) sutures of the cranium
(1) coronal suture
(2) sagittal suture
(3) lambdoidal suture
c) the bones of the face
(1) maxillae
(2) palatine
(3) zygomatic
(4) nasal
(5) lacrimal
(6) vomer
(7) mandible
d) hyoid
e) the different bones of the vertebrae and
intervertebral disks
(1) cervical
(2) thoracic
(3) lumbar
(4) sacral (sacrum)
(5) coccyx
f) bones of the bony thorax
(1) thoracic vertebrae
(2) costals (true, false, floating)
(3) sternum (manubrium, body of the sternum,
xiphoid process)
2) bones of the appendicular skeleton
a) bones of the pectoral girdle
(1) scapula (glenoid cavity or glenoid fossa)
(2) clavicle
b) bones of the arm
(1) humerus
(2) ulna
(3) radius
(4) carpals
(5) metacarpals
(6) phalanges
c) bones of the pelvic girdle
(1) coxal bones (ileum, ishium, pubis,
acetabulum)
d) bones of the leg
(1) femur
(2) patella
(3) tibia (medial malleolus)
(4) fibula (lateral malleolus)
(5) tarsals (calcaneus)
(6) metatarsals
(7) phalanges
3) You should be able to identify the following bone
markings:
a) tuberosity
b) spine
c) head
d) meatus
e) fossa
f) foramen
4) Identify the following bone markings on the fetal
skeleton:
a) ossification centers
b) frontal bone
c) parietal bone
d) temporal bone
e) occipital bone
f) anterior fontanel
g) posterior fontanel
h) anterolateral or sphenoidal fontanel
i) posterolateral or mastoid fontanel