The
Baroque,
Classical
and
Romantic
Periods
Information
from:
http://www.empire.k12.ca.us/capistrano/Mike/capmusic/music_room/themusic.htm
1. Baroque
Period
a. 1600
–
1750
AD
b. The
word
‘Baroque
‘
means
highly
decorated.
c. Baroque
music
is
very
complicated,
with
lots
of
improvisation
and
ornamentation.
d. Singing
i. Operas
1. Opera
is
a
singing
play,
like
a
musical.
2. Opera
singers
had
to
learn
how
to
sing
very
loud
because
there
was
no
way
back
then
to
amplify
their
voice.
3. Operas
included
sets
and
costumes.
ii. Oratorios
1. Was
like
an
opera,
but
without
scenery.
2. Solo
singers,
choirs,
and
an
orchestra
were
used
in
oratorios.
3. These
were
very
serious
and
dramatic
works.
4. One
of
the
most
famous
oratorios
during
this
period
was
written
by
Handel,
and
is
called
The
Messiah.
e. Keyboard
Instruments
i. Organ
ii. Harpsichord
f. Violin
i. “Queen”
of
instruments
during
that
time.
ii. Mostly
played
dances.
g. Consorts:
precursor
to
instrument
families.
h. Chamber
Orchestras
i. Trios
ii. Quartets
iii. Quintets
iv. Up
to
10
instrumental
players
i. Instrumental
Suite
i. Prelude:
A
short
piece
that
comes
before
a
larger
work.
ii. Allemande:
A
moderate,
stately
dance
in
even
meter
from
Germany.
iii. Courante:
A
French
dance
in
an
odd
meter
and
moderate
tempo.
iv. Hornpipe:
A
lively
dance,
like
a
jig.
A
hornpipe
is
also
an
instrument.
v. Sarabande:
This
is
a
quick,
lively
dance
in
an
odd
meter
from
France.
vi. Gigue:
This
is
a
fast,
lively
dance
in
6/8
time
from
England.
vii. Menuet:
A
slow
dance
in
an
odd
meter
from
France.
viii. Gavotte:
A
lively
French
dance.
ix. Air:
A
simple
tune
for
instrument
or
voice.
x. Pavane:
A
slow
French
dance
in
even
meter
that
usually
came
before
the
lively
Galliard.
j.
xi.
xii.
Form
i.
ii.
Galliard:
A
lively
French
dance
that
came
after
the
Pavane.
Bouree:
A
lively
French
dance
in
even
meter.
A
plan
a
composer
has
when
he
writes
a
song.
Many
of
the
musical
forms
that
were
used
during
this
time
are
still
used
today.
iii. Polyphonic
texture
1. Many
voices
playing
different
things
at
the
same
time.
2. Like
listening
to
five
people
talking
to
you
at
once.
iv. Fugue
1. A
fugue
is
like
a
round.
One
voice
starts
the
piece,
and
then
other
voices
enter,
one
after
another.
2. The
difference
is
that
the
voices
in
fugues
enter
on
higher
and
lower
pitches.
3. They
also
continue
to
play
new
material
while
the
other
voices
make
their
entrance.
v. Counterpoint
1. Hearing
two
or
more
lines
of
music.
2. The
parts
are
equal
in
importance.
3. Like
listening
to
two
or
more
people
talking
at
once.
k. Musicians
i. Johann
Sebastian
Bach
1. 1685
–
1750
2. Born
in
Germany
3. Parents
passed
away,
and
Bach
was
on
his
own
at
age
15.
4. Earned
his
living
by
singing
in
a
choir,
and
working
as
a
piano
accompanist,
choir
director,
organist,
and
music
teacher.
5. Had
20
children.
6. Master
at
Fugues
and
counterpoint.
a. Invention
N.
8
in
F
Major
b. Toccata
and
Fugue
in
D
Minor
7. Best‐known
composer
of
the
Baroque
Period.
8. Considered
one
of
the
most
important
composers
of
all
time.
ii. George
Frideric
Handel
1. 1685
–
1759
2. Born
in
Germany,
but
moved
to
England
and
became
a
British
subject
in
1727.
3. Wrote
in
many
musical
forms
a. Chamber
music
b. Vocal
and
choral
music
c. Pieces
for
Harpsichord
d. Concertos
e. Most
famous
work
is
the
Oratorio,
Messiah.
iii. Antonio
Vivaldi
1. 1687
–
1741
2. Born
in
Venice,
Italy
and
died
in
Vienna,
Austria.
3. Father
was
his
first
music
teacher,
teaching
him
the
violin.
4. Was
a
priest
and
a
teacher
at
a
school
for
orphaned
girls.
5. Wrote
in
many
musical
forms
a. Concertos
b. Sonatas
c. Operas
d. Religious
music
2. Classical
Period
a. 1750
‐
1827
b. Music
was
structured
and
emotions
were
controlled
c. Musical
Forms
i. Sonata
Form
1. ABA
Form
2. Beginning
and
Ending
are
the
same.
3. Incorporated
balance
(beginning
and
end)
and
contrast
(middle
section).
ii. Symphony
1. Musical
work
in
4
Movements.
2. Many
different
ways
for
the
music
to
develop
into
a
symphony.
a. Augmentation:
It's
just
a
fancy
word
for
twice‐as‐slow.
b. Counterpoint:
When
two
or
more
lines
of
music
are
playing
and
they
are
equally
important,
you
have
counterpoint.
c. Development:
How
the
music
changes
from
beginning
to
end.
The
more
the
music
develops,
the
more
symphonic
it
is.
d. Diminution:
It's
just
a
fancy
word
for
twice‐as‐fast.
e. Imitation:
When
one
voice
in
the
orchestra
copies
the
sound
of
another
voice,
that's
imitation.
f. Inversion:
Playing
the
music
upside‐down.
g. Repetition:
This
is
when
the
music
is
repeated
over
and
over.
h. Retrograde:
Playing
the
music
backwards.
i. Sequence:
When
the
music
repeats
on
higher
and
lower
pitches.
j. Variation:
When
the
music
repeats,
but
not
exactly
in
the
same
way.
d. Musicians
i. Wolfgang
Amadeus
Mozart
1. 1756
–
1791
2. Born
in
Austria.
3. Died
at
age
35
and
was
buried
in
an
unmarked
grave.
4. Began
composing
at
age
5.
5. Began
touring
Europe
with
his
sister
at
age
6,
playing
for
kings
and
queens.
6. Mozart’s
music
writing
was
neat
and
was
almost
always
completed
in
his
head
before
he
ever
wrote
it
down.
ii. Ludwig
van
Beethoven
1. 1770
–
1827
2. Born
in
Germany
3. His
awesome
musical
talents
created
a
new
era
of
music
called
the
Romantic
Period.
4. Gave
his
first
public
performance
when
he
was
7
years
old.
5. French
general
named
Napoleon
defeated
France's
enemies
and
inspired
Beethoven
with
ideas
of
freedom
and
equality.
a. When
Napoleon
declared
himself
emperor,
Beethoven
was
furious
and
decided
not
to
dedicate
his
Third
Symphony
to
this
dictator.
b. This
symphony
is
also
called
the
Eroica
Symphony.
Eroica
means
heroic.
6. Hearing
loss
began
at
age
28,
but
he
was
completely
deaf
by
age
50.
7. Published
his
first
symphony
when
he
was
30.
8. Never
married
nor
had
children.
9. Beethoven's
music
writing
was
sloppy
and
he
was
always
making
corrections.
3. Romantic
Period
a. 1827
–
1900
b. Passion,
not
reason,
ruled
the
day
and
imagination
was
more
important
than
logic.
c. Tone
color
became
very
important.
i. Tone
color
is
a
special
sound
that
makes
an
instrument
or
voice
sound
different
from
another.
ii. New
instruments
created
exciting
new
tone
colors.
iii. Old
instruments
were
played
in
new
ways
to
produce
different
tone
colors.
d. Romantic
period
was
the
age
of
the
virtuoso.
i. Virtuosos
were
musicians
who
would
"show
off"
his
talents
by
playing
a
very
difficult
section
of
the
music.
ii. They
were
as
popular
as
today's
rock
stars.
e. Piano
was
the
most
popular
instrument
of
the
time.
f. The
Tuba,
Saxophone
and
Celeste
were
invented.
g. Musicians
i. Johannes
Brahms
1. 1833
–
1897
2. Born
in
Germany.
3. His
father
instructed
him
on
the
violin,
cello,
and
piano.
4. Spent
most
of
his
adult
life
living
in
Vienna,
where
he
composed,
conducted
and
performed
on
the
piano.
5. He
wrote
in
every
musical
form
except
opera.
6. Wrote
the
famous
Brahms
Lullaby.
ii. Frederic
Chopin
1. 1810
–
1849
2. Born
in
Poland
and
died
in
France.
3. Died
at
age
39
from
Tuberculosis.
4. Wrote
music
mostly
for
Piano.
5. Chopin
was
a
Nationalistic
composer.
a. Nationalism
is
a
love
of
one's
country
and
the
desire
to
see
one's
country
free
from
invaders.
b. His
music
speaks
to
these
feelings
of
patriotism
and
freedom.
6. His
Etude
in
C
Minor
was
written
as
a
gift
to
his
native
Poland.
7. One
of
his
most
popular
and
best‐known
works
is
Polonaise
in
Ab
Major.
iii. Franz
Liszt
1. 1811
–
1868
2. Was
the
greatest
piano
virtuoso
of
the
nineteenth
century,
perhaps
of
all
time.
3. He
played
for
Beethoven
when
he
was
11.
4. Wanted
to
be
remembered
as
a
composer.
5. Two
of
his
best‐known
works
include
Hungarian
Rhapsody
No.
2
and
Mephisto
Waltz.
6. His
works
are
known
for
their
romantic
expressiveness
and
colorful
orchestration.
7. His
music
is
very
passionate.
8. He,
more
than
anyone
else
before
or
since,
brought
greater
notice
to
the
role
of
piano
playing.
iv. Peter
Ilyich
Tchaikovsky
1. 1840
‐
1893
2. Born
in
a
wealthy
Russian
family.
3. Compositions
include
1812
Overture,
the
Romeo
and
Juliet
Overture,
and
concertos
for
violin
and
piano.
4. His
ballet
music
includes
The
Sleeping
Beauty,
Swan
Lake,
and
The
Nutcracker.