NEWSLETTER
EABP
E UROPEAN
A SSOCIATION FOR
B O D YP SYCHOTHERAPY
Spr ing 2006
The EABP Newsletter is published twice
a year by the European Association for
Body-Psychotherapy. All rights reserved.
No portion may be reproduced in any
form without written permission from the
EABP. To ensure the confidentiality of any
individuals who may be mentioned in
case material, names and identifying information have been changed. The views
expressed in this publication are those of
the authors and may not reflect the official
policies or philosophies of the European
Association for Body-Psychootherapy, its
Board of Directors, or its members.
Publications Committee
Joop Valstar
Inge Joachim
Courtenay Young
Jill van der Aa
Letters to the editors are invited.
Please address all information or enquiries to:
EABP Secretariat
Jill van der Aa
Leidsestraat 106-108/2
1017 PG Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31-(0)20-3302703
Fax: +31-(0)20-6257312
eabpsecretariat@planet.nl
www.eabp.org
Editorial
It is almost a year since our last
Newsletter and we apologize for
the delay, but there has been a lot
of work for the next congress and
the Newsletter seems to come at
the end of the cue. We think a
good reason to consider expanding the editorial team. Let us know
if you would like to join us. Of
course you could also consider
joining for other reasons, such as
having a vision for the future of
the EABP Newsletter or an interest
in becoming our correspondent in
your country or from your bodypsychotherapy modality!
We have now decided to publish
contributions in the author’s native
language to include more of our
members, both writers and readers. Summaries in English will be
given in those cases. We have
also decided to send out paper
copies like we did last time as we
received a lot of appreciation for
that.
This current newsletter mirrors a
development not only of a growing number of EABP members but
of a more active membership, to
be recognized through the numerous activities within the organi-
ALSO ON
www.eabp.org
zation, the book publications and
interesting new articles.
Clorinda Lubrano-Kotoula,
Luciano Rispoli, Xavier Serrano
Hortelano and Bernhard Schlage
are contributing to the sharing of
experience of body-psychotherapy practice as well as to the theoretical understanding of what we
are doing. We hope that this will
already give a taste of what you
can expect in September from the
EABP Congress in Askov.
We also hope that the Newsletter
will develop further and we
encourage you to send your contributions: articles, reports,
announcements, ideas and discussion of articles. The next newsletter is planned for the end of the
year. The deadline for contributions – please keep that in mind –
is 31 October.
Jill van der Aa
Ingeborg Joachim
Joop Valstar
Dance as if no one is watching
Sing as if no one is listening
Work as if you don't need the money
Love as if you've never been hurt.
Anonymous, Californian graffiti
CONTENTS
page
3. President’s Letter
4. Treasurer’s Report
6. Membership Secretary’s Report
7. Membership
8. The FORUM
10. Current FORUM Trainings
11. EAP Report
14. General Secretary’s Report
14. News
15. Future Events
12. EABP Committees
16. The Council of National Associations and National Committees
24. In Memoriam - Gerda Boyesen
26. Report 7th ISC Conference
28. EABP Congress in Denmark
30. Journals, Publications, Website, Book Reviews
33. A REICHIAN PSYCHOTHERAPY GROUP FOR ADOLESCENTS
by Clorinda Lubrano-Kotula
36. PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND CHARACTER-ANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY
by Xavier Serrano-Hortelano
40. THE INCREASE OF VIOLENCE IN THE WORLD: THE ROOTS OF VIOLENCE
AND CHANGE TODAY, INDIVIDUALLY AND SOCIALLY
by Luciano Rispoli
42 TOUCH IS ONE OF THE MOST FORGOTTEN LANGUAGES
by Bernhard Tabur Schlage
47 TRANSFERT ET CONTRE-TRANSFERT EN THÉRAPIE PSYCHO-CORPORELLE
Catherine Choury - Michel Claverie - Tony Fournier
Catherine Jenny - Éliane Jung-Fliegans - Dany Parisi-Claverie
Vincent Riedinger - Jean-Max Tassel - Claude Vaux
51. Diaries of upcoming events
page 2 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006
Board Members
Courtenay Young (President)
6 Manse Road, Roslin
Midlothian EH25 9LF, Scotland-UK
Tel: +44-(0)131-440-2126
Mobile: +44-773-042-2800
courtenay@courtenay-young.com
Joop Valstar (Vice-President)
Oudezijds Voorburgwal 99
NL-1012 EM Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel/Fax:+31-20-623-7842
joop.valstar@planet.nl
President’s
Letter
Sean Doherty (General Secretary)
3 Woodhouse Cliff
Headingley, Leeds, UK-LS6 2HF
England
Tel/Fax: +44-113-278-5601
doherty.sean@lineone.net
François Lewin (Treasurer)
1400 ch. de Moulares
F-34070 Montpellier, France
Wk. Tel: +33-(0)4-67224050
Fax: +33(0)4-67643921
Hm. Tel: +33-(0)4-67572356
francois@psychologie-biodynamique.com
Ingeborg Joachim
(Membership Secretary)
Hartmann-Ibachstrasse 105
D-60389 Frankfurt, Germany
Hm Tel: +49-69-457229
inge.joachim@gmx.net
Lisbeth Marcher
(FORUM Representative)
Bodynamic International
Struenseegade 13A
DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Wk Tel: +45-3535-4321
Fax: +45-3535-0645
Hm Tel: +45-9864-3261
l-marcher@bodynamic.dk
Angela Belz-Knöferl
(Ethics Committee Representative)
Lillinghof 6
D-91220 Schnaittach, Germany
Hm Tel: +49-9155-1240
Wk Tel: +49-911-262255
Fax: +49-9155-1208
angela.belz@t-online.de
Dr. Elfriede Kastenberger
(Representative Council of National
Associations and National Committees)
Marchetstrasse 10
A-2500 Baden, Austria
Hm Tel: +43-225281811
e.kastenberger@aon.at
Bjørn Ødegaard
(Reserve Board Member)
Langet. 24
N-0566 Oslo, Norway
Tel/Fax: +47-22-552-092
orgonpsykbjorn@hotmail.com
Courtenay Young
There are a number of steady
advances on a number of different
fronts: nothing amazingly wonderful,
but in total, surprisingly good.
o The EABP Membership figures
increase steadily: we are now at
about 650 in total (including organisations, associates, candidates and
honorary members). This is a positive steady increase.
o A new National Association is
forming in Spain, with good links into
the Spanish Association for
Psychotherapy (FIAP).
o More books are being published
about body-psychotherapy. Please
look at the Publications page and on
the website for reviews.
o We have 'won' back from the EAP
the right to determine (probably within the FORUM) what is a 'scientifically valid’ body-psychotherapy; what is
an 'integrative' or ‘generic’ body-psychotherapy; and presumably also
what is not.
o The FORUM is re-formulating itself
and claiming something of its own
autonomy. It will soon have its second Chairperson as Lisbeth Marcher
is standing down after many years
good service.
o The new Council of National
Associations is growing in strength
and solidity.
o The FORUM booklet that came
out last year is very welcomed, much
praised and really sets an excellent
standard.
o Our finances are increasingly well
stabilized and we are considering the
possibility of changing the percentage of the fees retained by National
Associations.
o We have finalised the accounts for
the Marathon Conference with the
Greek CPC and it has more or less
broken even. Many thanks to all concerned.
o We are forming stronger reciprocal links with the European
Federation of Bioenergetic-Analytical
psychotherapists (EFB-AP).
o We are represented at several
body-psychotherapy and at several
international psychotherapy conferences.
o The plans for the Congress in
Askov are coming on well and I am
sure that this will be excellent.
o The massive Handbook of BodyPsychotherapy (in German) is about
to be published at last: they had to
change publishers, which delayed
things. This book will have a major
and long-lasting impact on the profession. Well done Gustl and Halko!
o The various National Associations
are all doing excellent work in their
own countries and are having conferences and symposia: notably the
Netherlands (with other B-P associations and schools) and in Italy next
year.
o The International Scientific
Committee ISC (which organises a
tri-annual body-psychotherapy conference alternating both sides of the
Atlantic: viz: Ischia 2002, Sao Paulo
2005) has decided to collaborate
with us in 2008 and have a joint conference in France.
o We are nearly complete with the
process of revising our Membership
Criteria and will be presenting you
with a motion on this in the AGM.
o The Ethics Committee has done
great work in revising the Ethics
Code and Procedures and will also
present this revision to the AGM.
o The Training Standards are also
being revised and may be ready to
be voted on at the AGM as well.
All this feels like a time of integration,
of stabilization, of steady sustainable
growth, and of sound professional
advancement.
I shall be standing down as
President at the 2006 General
Assembly in Askov and I look forward to having a little more personal
time. For the organisation, I welcome seeing a new person taking on
this role.
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 3
Income
o Most EABP members pay their
fees to a National Association, which
keeps 40% of the amount paid, and
transfers 60% to the EABP. In countries where there is only a National
Committee, 20% is kept.
Then there are fees paid directly to
the EABP, either because there is no
National Organization, or because of
an individual choice not to become a
member of the National Association.
Treasurer’s
Report
o Each Training Institute or
Professional Association that is a
member of the FORUM pays a
FORUM fee additional to the organisational EABP fee.
o Congresses can earn or loose
money, depending on their success
and their organization.
François Lewin
Since the one and a half years that I
have been on the Board as
Treasurer, I can see quite a stable
financial situation. The tremendous
work that Sean has done in clarifying
the finances during the last years,
and Jill's involvement and organization, has made my job much easier.
As far as the transfer of funds is concerned from the National
Associations, this is happening more
quickly, particularly from the DGK
(Germany), the NLVP (Holland) and
from RABOP (Russia). Bravo for their
organization, because this allows the
EABP to be more safe with its treasury. Moreover, each Association is
using a similar form to pass on their
budget and financial information to
The EABP has found a balance
between expenses and income.
I hope to clarify and improve the
presentation and analysis of the
accounts. However, the situation
looks good and is in balance.
EABP Expenses
EABP does a big job in Europe:
Conferences, Ethical Committee,
EAP participation, newsletter, etc…
Even if this work is perhaps not very
apparent to members, it needs lots
of effort and meetings. Personally, as
a Board member and a body-psychotherapist, I'm a bit frustrated having to put so much effort into administrative work. We are trying to
improve our circulation, and to
reduce the work of the Board. Of
course, I would like the EABP to do
more research development, meetings and participation. It's done little
by little (Forum, Committees,
Council), and I hope it will grow
more and more.
The FORUM has its own expenses
(secretariat, FORUM booklet, meetings, etc…), and this year it spent a
little more than it received due to the
printing of the FORUM booklet but
this extra expense can be spread
over a period of three years.
EABP BUDGET 2006
INCOME
Recettes
As the only Board member coming
from a Mediterranean country, where
the English language is not well
known and hardly ever spoken, I feel
frustrated by the small number of
members from the south and the
communication difficulties between
EABP structures and Southern
European body-psychotherapists.
EXPENSES
Dépenses
% of
budget
Board
C.A.
9 500
17%
1 500
3%
800
1%
42 000 75%
Org. Non
N.A.
OrgHsA.N
2 500 5%
Ethics committee
Com. éthique
Individuals
Indivuduels
8 700 16%
Training Standards
Committee
FORUM
2 700 4%
NA Council
Conseil Ass Nat
2 500
5%
FORUM
7 500
14%
Secretariat
13 000
24%
Newsletter
6 000
11%
Website
site internet
1 900
3%
Design
1 200
2%
External Relations
2 800
5%
EAP
5 600
10%
500
1%
2 000
4%
Eva Reich
Bank, count, notary/Honor.
TOTAL
SPRING
Amount
Montant
N.A.
Ass. Nat.
The Council of National Associations
and the FORUM of BodyPsychotherapy Organisations, give
the advantage of a diversity of
expression, although it is necessary
for such a European Association to
try to be more represented in
Southern Europe.
For that reason, the Board took the
decision to create a budget to favor
language diversity (translation, communication in different languages,
multi-language congress, etc. even if
this effort can only support a members' dynamic, because of the big
cost for professional translations.
page 4 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
the Council, which is enabling us to
get more clarity on membership
numbers and the financial situation
of the National Associations.
The FORUM is in deficit.
The last Congress in Marathon came
out almost even.
2006
€ 55 900
TOTAL
€ 54 800
Budget
Les Recettes
Budget
On the previous page is an estimated Budget for 2006.
- La plupart des membres de l'EABP
payent leurs cotisations à leur
Association Nationale (A.N.), qui
garde 40 % et reverse 60 % à l'organisation centrale de l'EABP. Dans
les pays où il existe seulement un
comité, celui-ci garde 20 %.
Enfin, il y a les membres qui paient
directement, soit par absence d'organisation nationale, soit par volonté
de ne pas adhérer à l'organisation
nationale.
- Dans le Forum, chaque Ecole ou
Organisation paye une cotisation au
Forum, en plus de sa cotisation à
l'EABP,
- Enfin les Congrès peuvent être
bénéficiaires ou déficitaires, en fonction de leur succès et de leur coût.
A la page précédente un Budget estimatif pour l'année 2005.
It seems that we will loose a bit this
year (although some information
from members and countries has not
yet arrived). Even with this deficit,
there is a healthy stability, which
allows further committees, publications and translations to develop.
We can see that 26% of the budget
expenses are for committees, 23%
for secretariat, 16% for communication, 14% for Forum and 10% for
EAP.
It's remarkable that the Scientific
committee budget is not used.
Although, I know how body-psychotherapists research through their
experience, and create theories,
knowing a lot of things that academic
scientists ignore. It would be good to
share our knowledge more, but perhaps we are more interested in the
sensitive psyche side than the academic one?
RAPPORT DU TRÉSORIER
Depuis un an et demi que je suis
Trésorier, je constate une certaine
stabilité financière. Le grand travail
de clarification de Sean les années
précédentes, et l'organisation et l'engagement de Jill, facilitent beaucoup
la clarté financière.
Il semble que l'EABP a trouvé une
vitesse de croisière en tant qu'organisation. Bien que l'on puisse encore
beaucoup améliorer la présentation
et l'analyse des comptes, la situation
est claire et équilibrée.
Par contre, en tant que représentant
venant d'un des pays méditerranéen,
où l'anglais est une langue difficile et
mal maîtrisée, je suis frustré du peu
de membres et du peu de communications entre les instances de l'EABP
et le Sud de l'Europe.
Le Conseil des Associations
Nationales, ainsi que le Forum,
favorisent la diversité. Il est bon
cependant que la difficulté des
langues soient prises en compte.
Aussi, le Conseil d'Administration a
pris la décision de dégager un budget pour favoriser les traductions dans
les langues nationales (sites internet,
livret de l'EABP, congrès, etc…). Bien
sûr, ce budget ne peut qu'appuyer
une dynamique nationale des membres, car traduire de manière professionnelle coûte très cher.
Actuellement, il y a une très nette
amélioration des délais de reversement par les Associations
Nationales, en particulier de la part
du DGK (Allemagne) et du NLVP
(Hollande).
Bravo pour leur efficacité, car cela
permet à l'EABP d'être beaucoup
plus tranquille en trésorerie. De plus,
un nouveau formulaire, identique
pour chaque Association, va nous
permettre de clarifier encore le fichier
des membres et notre budget.
Le Forum est en déficit.
Le Congrès de Marathon s'est
équilibré.
Il semble qu'il y ait un léger profit
cette année (bien que certaines informations des différents pays et de
certains membres ne nous soient
pas toutes parvenues). Ce léger profit confirme la stabilité financière. Cet
équilibre nous permet d'utiliser notre
budget pour des efforts de créativité,
de traductions ou de publications.
On voit que les comités occupent
26 % du budget, le secrétariat 23 %,
la communication et les publications
16 %, et le Forum 14 %.
Il est notable que le budget scientifique ne soit pas réellement utilisé.
Pourtant, je connais combien les
psychothérapeutes corporels sont
des chercheurs, testant leurs expériences, créant des théories et connaissant beaucoup de choses que
les Sciences Académiques ne connaissent pas.
Alors, à nous de nous mettre au travail pour plus de richesses partagées
sur le plan théorique, mais peut-être
sommes-nous plus enclins à
développer le côté sensible que la
pensée académique ?
A bientôt de vous rencontrer au
Congrès.
L'EABP fait un grand travail au
niveau européen : Congrès,
Commission Ethique, participation à
l'EAP, newsletter, etc… Même si ce
travail est peu visible, il demande
beaucoup d'efforts et de réunions.
A mon goût, en tant que membre du
Bureau et psychothérapeute, autant
d'énergie pour le travail administratif
reste assez frustrant. Mais nous cherchons au sein du Bureau à améliorer
la circulation pour alléger le travail.
Evidemment, j'aimerais que l'EABP
développe plus le travail de
recherche, les rencontres et le
partage. Cela se fait petit à petit
(Forum, Conseil des Associations
Nationales,…), et j'ai bon espoir
qu'avec la restructuration qui se met
en place, cela arrive bientôt.
Le Forum des Ecoles a aussi ses
propres dépenses (secrétariat, livret
du Forum, réunions, etc…). Cette
année il a un fort déficit. Nous allons
étudier ce dossier.
La publication du livret a aussi largement dépassé le budget du Forum.
Cependant cette dépense peut être
lissée sur 3 ans, ce qui diminue le
déséquilibre.
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 5
Norway
Kolbjorn Vardal
The Netherlands
Judith van Beusekom
Monique Klazen
Woudi de Ruiter
Membership
Secretary’s
Report
United Kingdom
Alicja Drewnowska
Morit Heitzler
Kathrin Stauffer
Elya Steinberg
Michael Soth
Russia
Andrey Korneev
Dmitry Valuev
Elena Vedernikova
Switzerland
Silvia Müller
Spain
David Trotzig
Jorge Grimberg
Ingeborg
Joachim
EABP Membership continues to
grow. From 550 members in 2002 to
588 in 2003 it has grown to 650 in
April 2006.
We are happy to welcome the following new EABP members:
New Members
France
Institut Français Formation de
Psychotherapeutes
The Netherlands
Bodymind Opleidingen,
Nederlandse Vereniging voor
Postural Integration Therapeuten
Israel
Reidman College for Complementary
Medicine
Full Members:
Austria
Bernhard Hubacek
Ingrid Hubacek
Petra Karner
Wolfgang Karner
Dr. Renate Malek
Candidate:
Ingrid Wilhelmine Heyerdahl, Norway
Associate Members:
Austria
Erika Wiebogen
Manuela Zachhuber
Denmark
Ellen Ollars
Otto Krag
Germany
Ulrike Lienert
Stefanie Mayer
Miriam Schmidt
France
Bruno Bonato
Germany
Matthias Fernow
Mona Fertig
Hans-Peter Fink
Steffen Gester
Thorsten Kerbs
Thomas Kloppel
Bernhard Kretzschmar
Thomas Mahler
Sigrun Oetker
Fritz Plotzitzka
Karin Robl
Melanie Ruppel
Sabine Schrem
Martina Stegner
Katharina Vogel-Gladkowski,
page 6 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
Organisational Members:
Russia
Victor Delevi
Victoria Kostoglot
Natalia Mtyukova
Roman Pozdynakov
United Kingdom
Carey Morning
SPRING
2006
Lost Members
Germany
Cordula Albes
Wolfgang Bisschoff
Heinz W. Borghardt
Norbert Faller
Jorg Fitzner
Karl Dieter Meier-Thomas
Lucia Mezger
Angelika Salberg
Gertrud Schaffner
Monika Schnatmann
Franziska Schneider
Henryk Sobol
Dirk Vollkammer
Christian Werner
Maria Zabransky
Furthermore there are five
applications we are still processing.
We have recently worked on
improvement of the application procedure and discussed the tasks of
the Membership Secretary. We hope
that in future we will be able to give a
clearer picture of the EABP membership concerning nationality, age, gender, training background and current
professional work etc. For this statistical work, we will need the support
of all National Associations and
National Committees.
Also the membership criteria are in a
process of change and are being discussed in the different EABP committees to be decided by the next
General Assembly at the Askov
Congress.
Fees 2005
Fees can also be paid through our
TSB account in the UK or our Credit
Suisse account in Switzerland.
We can also accept American
Express Card. Fax your card details
to the Secretariat.
Fulll Membership
190 euro
Organizational Membership 190 euro
95 euro
Candidate Membership
Associate Membership
50 euro
Bank Account
Membership Register
Membership
Name: European Association of
Body-Psychotherapy
Account number: 9392200
Swiftcode (BIC): PSTBNL21
IBAN Number:
NL35PSTB0009392200
Address: Postbank
Financial Plaza,
Postbus 1800
1000 BV Amsterdam
The Netherlands
EABP Membership categories
EABP Membership April 2006
Full Organisational Candidate Associate Honorary
Members
Members Members Members Members
Individual Full Members
Individuals who are fully trained,
qualified and experienced and who
can practice professionally as a
body-psychotherapist.
The EABP Membership Register is
kept on a central database by the
EABP Secretariat and updated regularly to the website from information
supplied by the National
Associations and Committees. This
information makes known publicly
who the accredited members of the
EABP are. We also include a separate listing of Organizational
Members and Candidate Members.
National Associations
AABP Austria
31
DGK Germany
279
13
6
Organisational Members
GABP Greece
26
1
1
Organisations involved in bodypsychotherapy; usually training
organisations, professional
associations, or European
organisations representing a
modality.
AIPC Italy
23
1
NVLP Netherlands
29
6
RABOP Russia
10
S&MABP Serbia
CH-EABP Switzerland
Candidate Members
Individuals who have largely finished
training as a body-psychotherapist,
but who have not yet completed the
full EABP membership criteria.
Total
Subtotals
7
1
38
298
15
1
44
12
2
38
1
1
38
13
5
1
69
9
470
31
23
6
8
13
1
92
61
5
577
Countries without a National Association
France
10
Associate Members
Kosova
1
1
Individuals either still in training, or
just with an interest in bodypsychotherapy who would like to be
associated with EABP.
Poland
1
1
Portugal
1
1
19
3
Honorary Members
Spain
3
2
People who have been awarded an
EABP Membership for life, free of
charge, at an EABP General Meeting
in recognition of their services to
European bodypsychotherapy.
Bjørn Blumenthal, David Boadella,
Gerda Boyesen, Malcolm Brown,
Clorinda Lubrano-Kotoula, Eva
Reich, Luciano Rispoli and Jay
Stattman (post-humous).
United Kingdom
Scandanavia
5
15
2
1
1
24
5
16
3
1
20
Australia
1
1
South America
1
1
USA
1
3
2
3
73
8
63
8
650
40
5
72
7
626
525
42
2
63
8
628
TOTALS 2003
486
47
5
44
6
588
TOTALS 2002
449
29
36
34
6
550
Subtotals
2
55
11
TOTALS 2006
525
42
TOTALS 2005
502
TOTALS 2004
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 7
The FORUM Fee structure
FORUM
Lisbeth Marcher
FORUM Chairperson and
Representative on the Board:
Lisbeth Marcher
l-marcher@bodynamic.dk
Vice Chairperson:
Lidy Evertsen, amever@tiscali.nl
FORUM Secretariat:
Jill van der Aa
eabpsecretariat@planet.nl
Accredited Schools
* Bodynamic International, Denmark
Lisbeth Marcher, Erik Jarlnaes
bodynamic@bodynamic.dk
* Institute for Life Energy
Copenhagen
Martin Tidén
mtiden@vip.cybercity.dk
* Finnish Institute of Character
Analytic Vegetotherapy, Finland
Markku Välimäki
valimaki@dlc.fi
* École de Psychologie
Biodynamique Evolutive, France
Christiane Lewin, François Lewin
epbe-ares@wanadoo.fr
* IFCC, Institut de Formation en
Communication et Thérapie
Psycho-Corporelle, France
Eliane Fliegans Jung
ifccbureau@wanadoo.fr
* European School for Biodynamic
Psychology, Germany
Marianne Wailand, HansKim Voet
esbpe@t-online.de
* Aus- und Fortbildungszentrum
Transformative Koerper-psycho
therapie, Germany
Bettina Schroeter
bettinaschroeter@freenet.de
page 8 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
* Zentrum für Körpertherapie und
Humanistische Psychologie, Germany
Gustl Marlock, Ilse SchmidtZimmermann
gmarlock@mac.com
* Zentrum für Integrative
Körpertherapie & Humanistische
Psychologie, Germany
Michael Meiffert, Joachim Nordheim
Michael.Meiffert@t-online.de
* Core Energetic Institute, Germany
Siegmar Gerken
Siegmar@mcn.org
* Hakomi Institute of Europe, Germany
Halko Weiss
HalkoHD@aol.com
* E.I.N.A. Greek School of Training in
Vegetotherapy & Character
Analysis, Greece
Clorinda Lubrano
clubrano@otenet.gr
* European School of Functional
Psychotherapy, Italy
Luciano Rispoli, Alison Duguid
lucrispo@tin.it
* Società Italiana di Biosistemica, Italy
Jerome Liss
infobiosistemica@libero.it
* Nederlands Instituut voor Biorelease & Biodynamische
Psychologie, The Netherlands
Menno de Lange
mdelange@xs4all.nl
* Vereniging voor Unitieve
Psychotherapie, The Netherlands
Lidy Evertsen
amever@tiscali.nl
* Tepsinteza -YU Training School of
BodySynthesis, Serbia & Montenegro
Ljiljana Klisic
eklisic@sezampro.yu
* Escuela Española Reichiana, Spain
Xavier Serrano
xserrano@mac.com
Professional Associations
* Gesellschaft für Biodynamische
Psychologie und Körperpsychotherapie GBPev,
Germany
Mechteld Münch
mechthild.muench@t-online.de
* AETPR, Association Européenne de
Thérapeutes Psycho-Corporels et
Relationnels, France
Claude Vaux
ifccbureau@wanadoo.fr
Institutes not yet accredited
* Asas e Raízes, Terapia e Formação
Lda Thomas Riepenhausen
asas@asaseraizes.pt
* Associació Catalana Teràpia
d'Integratió Psico-corporal
Ulrike Kaese
ulrikekaese@wanadoo.es
* Ausbildungsinstitut für Ganzheitliche
Therapien IKP, Switzerland
Yvonne Maurer
yvonne.maurer@ikp-therapien.com
SPRING
2006
Training Institutes
Up to 25 students
From 26 - 60
From 61 - 100
More than 100
80 euro
180 euro
270 euro
360 euro
Professional Associations
80 euro
Up to 25 members
26-100 Members
120 euro
180 euro
Over 100 Members
Next FORUM Meetings
20 September 2006 ±14.00hrs
Askov, Denmark
2-4 March 2007
Possibly Valencia
28-30 September 2007
Venue to be decided
NB Applicants are welcomed to the
FORUM Meetings.
Report from the FORUM
A year has past since the last EABP
Newsletter and there have been
FORUM Meetings in October 2005 in
Lisbon and March 2006 in
Copenhagen.
Looking at Training Standards started in depth at the Paris meeting in
Spring 2005. During this period the
EABP Training Standards have come
under close scrutiny and the FORUM
has taken the time to look at how the
self-assessment and mutual recognition process of training institutes has
worked, and how they would like to
see it working in the future.
To complicate matters, at the same
time as these discussions took place,
it was decided by the EAP that they
would hand the process of accrediting the body-psychotherapy method,
back to the EABP. In other words the
EABP will look at whether the modality or method taught by the training
institute meets the definition of
‘generic’ body-psychotherapy which
was covered by the EABP's answers
to the 15 Questions. In principle this
will be the work of the FORUM.
As far as the Training Standards are
concerned discussion has involved:
qualitative versus quantitative standards: standards that best served
EABP needs, and standards that
fulfilled the needs of institutes that
wanted accreditation as an EAPTI.
Some institutes feel that the current
Training Standards disable rather
than enable institutes and are too
heavily influenced by EAP formula.
The direction for the future is to create two sets of criteria. One set
of Standards that is externally
focused and would be appropriate
for those institutes that want to be an
EAPTI, which enables their graduates
to get the ECP on graduation from
their training. Currently one institute
is applying for EAPTI status with
another preparing to apply.
The second set of standards would
have a more internal EABP focus. It
would be of equal quality with the
first but would have more flexibility
and emphasis on qualitative as well
as quantitative standards.
Twenty-two schools have been
accredited through the FORUM
process of accreditation. Two of
these schools have had their accreditation revoked, which was one of the
reasons for the FORUM to look at the
assessment process once again.
There has been intense discussion of
a range of topics - how to admit
organizations to FORUM membership, attendance, what should be
included in the syllabi, core requirements, non-obligatory requirements,
how to assess the philosophy behind
the choice of method, how much
time assessors should spend at the
institute for assessment, and in great
details what they should look for,
ethical standards and how to see if
these are kept to etc etc.
After much intense discussion over
two meetings, members expressed a
general feeling of satisfaction with
the process as it has been developed. At the same time they were
able to define areas needing
improvement such as giving more
assistance and direction to the
assessors and looking at the content
of the syllabi in more detail.
This re-assessment of the assessment process was the reason that
the last two meetings were closed to
training institutes, which are in the
process of applying for membership
to the FORUM. FORUM Members felt
the need to discuss without the pressure of dealing with current processes and business at the same time.
The usual symposium time was also
used for meeting instead of collegial
sharing and this time to talk about
their work and share experiences
was sorely missed.
Three training institutes have been
accredited in the last year - IFCC,
France; Tepsinteza, Serbia: and LEP,
Denmark. These three have been
accredited on the present Training
Standards and under the old FORUM
system of self-assessment and mutual recognition.
Now the FORUM looks forward to
welcoming back the applicants and
starting on the process of assessing
new training institutes. At some stage
it will also begin re-assessing institutes which have been accredited in
the past.
This has been an extremely fruitful
year.
News
David Boadella has been invited, and
has accepted, to be an advisor to the
FORUM.
The FORUM has put out a new handbook with detailed information about
each FORUM Training Institute. This
can be ordered from the Secretariat.
Lisbeth Marcher will step down as
Forum Chairperson at the FORUM
meeting in September. A new
Chairperson will be elected at the
Forum Meeting and ratified at the
General Assembly. Lidy Evertsen is
willing to stay on as ViceChairperson.
Dictionary to read EAP and EABP documents
AGM
Council
CPD
EABP
EAP
EAPTI
ECP
ECPP
EFBA-P
ETSC
EWAO
EWO
EWOC
FEAP
FEPTO
GAP
IJP
NAO
NUO
NUOC
S.V.
TAC
WCP
GA
Annual General Meeting
Council of EABP National Associations and National Committees
Continuous Professional Development
European Association for Body-Psychotherapy
European Association of Psychotherapy
European Accredited Psychotherapy Training Institute
European Certificate for Psychotherapy
European Confederation of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies
European Federation for Bioenergetic Analysis
European Training Standards Committee (EAP)
European Wide Accrediting Organisation
European Wide Organisation
European Wide Organisations Committee
Federación Española de Asociaciónes de Psicoterapeuteas
Federation of Psychodrama Training Organizations
Grandparenting Advisory Panel
International Journal for Psychotherapy
National Awarding Organisation
National Umbrella Organisation
National Organizations Committee
Scientific Validation
Training and Accreditation Committee (EAP)
World Congress of Psychotherapy
General Assembly
Compiled by Lidy Evertsen
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 9
FORUM
trauma - the power that made it possible to survive in the best way possible, even if it was through fight, flight
or freeze.
Training staff:
Erik Jarlnaes and Dami Charf
Language: English and German
Info: bodynamic@bodynamic.dk
Current
workshops
and trainings
A taste of Peak and Shock
Post Congress workshop
Askov, Denmark
24/25 September
Contact EABP Congress Office
eabpcongress2006@eabp.org
BODYNAMIC
INTERNATIONAL
Bodynamic Foundation Training
in Denmark 2006
The concentrated version
The training includes knowledge and
models that cover our Character
Structure Model, our Communication
Model (the Bodyknot) and our
Teambuilding Model (the F8). This
Foundation training is presently
taught in nine countries, and they all
qualify for the next level - the
Practitioner training level. Together
they form the 4-year Bodynamic
Psychotherapy training.
The training is 7+8 days in the time
period 1-18 August 2006
Training Staff: Erik Jarlnaes, Lisbeth
Marcher and Ditte Marcher
Language: English
Info: bodynamic@bodynamic.dk
Dates for the Spring and the
beginning of Summer 2006
July 19-22 Core Somatics with
Cornelia Gerken in the South of
France
July 30-August 5 Our popular 24th!
International Summer Intensive in the
South of France (open workshops)
The Will of The Heart
An introduction to Core Evolution
and Core Energetics with Siegmar
Gerken.
New European trainings begin on a
regular basis.
Please inquire for our dates, curriculum and application form.
Summer Foundation Training
July 24 - Aug 9 2006
Trauma Training in Cologne
2006
3 x 4 days and 1 x 6 days starting
25-28 May
and continuing Sep 14-17, Oct 31Nov 5 and Jan 18-21 2007.
20 years experience, specific knowledge and use of the body integrated
with knowledge, use and reestablishment of healthy survival reflexes.
Learning to discriminate instincts,
emotions and feelings. Focus on
resources in the shock reactions and this includes grasping and experiencing the peak-experience in the
page 10 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
OF CORE EVOLUTION® •
CORE ENERGETICS® • CORE
SOMATICS®
Please inquire for further information
and local contacts
International Institute for
Core Evolution • Core Energetics •
Core Somatics
P.O. Box 806, Mendocino, CA 95460,
USA
Tel: +1(707) 937-2673
Fax: +1(707) 937-3052
e-mail: info@CoreEvolution.com
www.CoreEnergeticInstitute.com
www.CoreEvolution.com
SPRING
2006
ES.TE.R. SPANISH SCHOOL
OF REICHIAN THERAPY
Workshop
Technique and process in
Body-Psychotherapies
This workshop will be held twice in
2006. As places are limited, you are
required to register before the deadlines indicated below:
1) 27th, 28th May
Registration deadline: 10 May
2) 22, 23July
Registration deadline: 5 July
Venue: ES.TE.R. headquarters
Fee: 110 euro
Students and unemployed: 100 euro
ES.TE.R. students: 90 euro
Trainer: Xavier Serrano Hortelano
Postgraduate course of crisis
assistance
Models of crisis management
developed by character-analytic
psycho-therapy
27- 30 of July
Registration deadline: before the 5th
of July
Venue: ES.TE.R. headquarters
Fees: 300 euro
ES.TE.R. students: 250 euro
Teahers: Manuel Redón, Xavier
Serrano Hortelano
Intensive postgraduate clinical
course
18 -20 August
Fee: 200 euro
Students and unemployed: 180 euro
ES.TE.R. students: 170 euro
Teacher: Xavier Serrano Hortelano
INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION:
Headquarters of the Escuela
Española de Terapia Reichiana
(ES.TE.R.)
C/Republica Guinea Ecuatorial 4-1ºC
Phone: (00 34) 963 727 310
46022-Valencia
Spain
www.esternet.org
reichiana@esternet.org
EAP
Report from EAP Meeting:
Vienna, February 2006
Lisbeth Marcher and I attended the
latest meeting of the EAP in Vienna
this February. There was some good
news to report.
I had made several protests in previous meetings about the 'discriminatory' clause (decided in 2000) whereby EABP was treated differently from
every other European Wide
Accrediting Organisation (EWAO),
and every modality or method within
body-psychotherapy was required to
be independently scientifically validated. We did not have any particular objection to the B-P methods
being scientifically validated, and we
complied with this faithfully: Several
methods (Hakomi, Biodynamic,
Unitive, Bodynamic, CharacterAnalytic Vegetotherapy, ERI, etc.)
were put through this process.
However, we did not like the fact that
we were the only EWAO with such a
condition attached. At this meeting, a
decision was taken in the European
Wide Organisations Committee
(EWOC) to rescind that clause. The
EAP Governing Board ratified this
decision. All EWAOs are encouraged
to ensure that the various methods
within them are all scientifically valid
and that they do not create a conflict
with any other psychotherapy modalities. The implication coming from
this decision is that, within EABP, we
must still ensure that the various
methods of body-psychotherapy
schools are scientifically validated,
probably within The FORUM or otherwise, probably using the same criteria of the “15 Questions”, but now
the process of assessment will be
carried out by ourselves from within
EABP and The FORUM, and not by
other people from EWOC. They will
take our word that this process has
been done.
The benefit of this decision was
almost immediately apparent. The
IFCC institute in Strasbourg in a previous meeting had been 'required' to
have their method scientifically validated before their application to
become the first European
Accredited Psychotherapy Training
Institute (EAPTI) for BodyPsychotherapy could be properly
processed. In the assessment for the
scientific validity of their method,
Psychotherapeutic Postural
Integration (PPI) - a mixture of
Postural Integration, Jungian work
and Gestalt Psychotherapy, one of
the assessors had raised a number
of quite difficult questions and the
other assessor made a late assessment but this was very positive. The
IFCC have said that they were prepared to answer these difficult questions, but also questioned what happens now with one assessor for and
one against. The EWOC decided that
now the “scientific validity” situation
can be resolved within EABP, we just
need to report back to them, and
then (assuming everything is OK)
their assessment as an EAPTI can
progress forwards.
The FORUM will now have to work
out exactly how it is going to do this
scientific validation process (as well
as how it does its new membership
and accreditation processes).
Besides the IFCC assessment,
almost certainly the next method or
modality to present itself for assessment for scientific validity will be
Core Energetics. We can also possibly make a ruling about the
Hamburg Institute being “properly”
integrative in B-P, and this would
allow them to proceed, if they wish,
towards getting EAPTI status. EAPTI
status means that all graduates from
that training institute can get the ECP
pretty automatically.
Incidentally, anyone who (a) has an
ECP and (b) who is also involved
with a psychotherapy training institute can become an ‘EAP
International Expert’ - a TAC assessor of other modalities’ training institutes for EAPTI status. They have to
send their CV to the EAP Head Office
and the Registrar and then be
accepted by the TAC. They would
visit applicant institutes - very similar
to our own assessment processes.
Courtenay Young
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 11
The Bibliography of Body-Psychotherapy
is an independent project, partially funded by EABP, and also subject to review
by the Publications Committee.
Joop Valstar
Ingeborg Joachim
Courtenay Young
Jill van der Aa
EABP
Committees
The Scientific Committee
supports projects that further the scientific aims and objectives of EABP and
research projects in Body-Psychotherapy.
The Professional Development
Committee
The Ethics Committee
consists of five people, elected at the
General Assembly, which deals with all
matters touching on the ethical code, procedure for complaints, ethical advice and
similar professional issues. It also acts as
an informational resource for EABP members on ethical issues.
The International Membership
Committee
oversees and coordinates the acceptance
of new EABP members by the various
National Associations. It reviews any disputed membership acceptances or rejections.
Chairperson: Angela Belz-Knöferl
angela.belz@t-online.de
Maarten Aalberse
Felix Hohenau
Christiane Lewin-Gros
Lisbeth Sten-Jensen
Michel Heller is reserve member
If you are interested in participating on one of the committees
please contact a Board member.
The Training Standards
Committee
meets with representatives the FORUM
and has established a set of criteria for
body-psychotherapy training. These are
being reviewed in the light of the development of the ECP Training Standards.
Chairperson: Sean Doherty
doherty.sean@lineone.net
François Lewin
Thomas Riepenhausen
Harry Visser
The Congress Planning
Committee
organizes the biannual EABP Congress.
It is chaired by a Board member and may
contain people from many different countries, as well as from the country where
the Congress is planned.
Co-chairpersons:
Sean Doherty, Bjørn Ødegaard
Members:
Ditte Marcher
Dagmar Rellensmann
Lisbeth Sten-Jensen
Martin Tidén
Markku Välimäki
Hellen Wraanes
The Publications Committee
oversees the creation of EABP literature.
A twice-yearly Newsletter is sent to members digitally and by post and a
Membership Information booklet goes to
all Members.
The EABP Website is regularly updated
with the latest information and there is
also a new booklet about The FORUM.
page 12 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
oversees and promotes events for the
professional development of EABP members.
SPRING
Positions to fill on EABP Board
and Committees
The General Assembly, held in conjunction with the biannual EABP
Congress, is approaching and once
again we are looking towards
changeovers on the Board and the
various EABP Committees.
The three main positions on the
Board (President, Secretary,
Treasurer) are elected for four years,
and do not all change at the same
time. This General Assembly
Courtenay Young stands down as
President. There is currently no
candidate for this vacancy so far.
(Should we also consider changing
the name to Chairperson?) Sean
Doherty and François Lewin continue
as Secretary and Treasurer for
another two years.
Joop Valstar and Ingeborg Joachim
were elected as Board Members in
2004. They need to be re-elected for
another two years at the General
Assembly. Bjørn Ødegaard was the
Reserve Board Member. Courtenay
Young is willing to stay on the Board
in order to continue his valued liaison work with the EAP, but would
need to be elected.
The FORUM of Body-Psychotherapy
2006
Organizations, was formed in 1997.
It now takes its own independent
decisions on issues relating to the
FORUM Training Institutes. Lisbeth
Marcher will step down as
Chairperson and the FORUM will
elect their new Chairperson at the
FORUM meeting just before the
General Assembly in Askov. This
new Chairperson will be ratified at
the General Assembly and will take a
place on the Board.
The Council of EABP National
Associations and National
Committees, formed in January
2005, is also gradually becoming
established. Elfriede Kastenberger
was elected Chairperson, together
with Co-Chairperson Markku
Vålimåki, at the beginning of 2005.
Elfriede was re-elected as
Chairperson in 2006 and will continue this position until 2008. The
Council Chairperson has a place on
the EABP Board.
The Ethics Committee members are
elected at the General Assembly.
This year Maarten Aalberse´s four
year period is over and he is standing for re-election. Christiane LewinGros resigned her membership in
the EC prematurely and our reserve
member Michael Heller will take her
place. Thus the EC needs a new
reserve member.
The Congress Planning Committee
(CPC) is currently active in planning
the Askov Congress. Their work will
be finished after the congress.
The Congress in 2008 will be held in
conjunction with the International
Scientific Committee (ISC). François
Lewin has been elected by the ISC
as President of this Committee. He is
also an EABP member. Most probably a second Board member will be
elected as EABP representative to
this joint Congress Committee.
The Training Standards Committee,
chaired for the last years by Sean
Doherty has included three members
from the FORUM. They met once
and have kept in touch by email.
Hopefully the bulk of the work needed to update the Training Standards
will have been done by September.
However the Committee will need to
continue to exist as the Forum will
go into a further round of reaccreditation and there will need to be some
sort of check and balance system
while this process is going on.
The Publications Committee is
manned (and womanned) by three
Board members and Jill van der Aa
from the Secretariat. Unfortunately all
four people are overloaded with
EABP commitments and this has
meant one Newsletter less this year,
which is a pity. We would like some
outside support - we would welcome
the addition of a couple of members
to support the collecting and organizing of information - perhaps even to
take over the whole Newsletter. Who
has dreamed of editing a magazine?
Who has a vision of what an active
Newsletter could mean for the EABP
members? Who is independent and
would like to stir the pot a little?
For some years the name Scientific
Committee has been bandied around
but there was no sign of a committee. This is not for lack of people
offering. At the last Congress four or
five people put down their names for
this committee but they never met
and were never approached explicitly
to do that. There is money in the
budget that has never been used.
The Professional Development
Committee has had the same destiny; nice name, good intentions,
some people offering, no action.
Part of the problem with these never
realized committees is that there are
just not enough Board members to
head up all these committees and
most Board members are overloaded
with tasks already. A committee that
doesn't have a Board member can
lose touch with the organization and
not integrate with what is happening.
We have to look for solutions.
EABP is maturing and growing - you
can see this in the membership figures. And with growth comes more
work and more responsibility. And
with responsibility comes the need to
share the work with more people.
People who dare to share parts of
the responsibility. Therefore we are
asking people to come forward in the
next months. Contact a Board member and we will try to prepare these
committees before the Congress so
that in Askov members can be ratified by the General Assembly, the
first meetings can be held, the main
aims be established, and a start can
be made.
Report from the Ethics
Committee
Report from the Training
Standards Committee
The EC had its second meeting at
the end of August 2005 at Christiane
Lewin-Gros´s centre in Montpellier,
France. It was the first time
Christiane was with us and the new
elected EC could meet with all its
members.
Most of our time was taken up with
continuing our work on the complete
reformulation of the EABP ethics
guidelines. Even though we had
been working through the theme the
meeting before it was interesting to
look at it once more - this time
including Christiane´s comments and to see what needs to be more
precise or what can be left out.
Another round was done at the meeting in January in Nürnberg.
Another bit of business we had to
deal with was a letter from a person
who had been part of an already
closed case. There may be some
new material, in which case a reevaluation may be requested, but
this nor clear yet, as it has not
arrived at the EC up until now.
The EABP Board asked us for some
help in formulating a letter and some
phonecalls came in to ask for advice
on different issues. It became clear
to me through the phonecalls that
people - actually members of EABP have very little knowledge about the
structure of EABP. For instance they
have not realized that the EC has
already changed its procedures even
though this has been published in
different places. A proposal to
improve this situation is to put it on
the agenda of the National
Assembly´s meeting so that the
NA´s can promote it in their countries.
The TSC and the Forum have been
looking in detail at Training
Standards since spring 2005.
The current standards were passed
by the 1999 General Assembly and
have been used by accredited
FORUM schools since that time.
This has allowed a period of time to
review and reflect on what has
worked well and what is needed for
change.
The existence of the standards has
greatly helped the process of
accreditation and mutual recognition
in the FORUM providing one of the
concrete reference points for the
schools.
However over time various concerns
have become clear.
There is a concern that the current
Training Standards rely too much
on quantitative assessment, for
example counting all sections of the
training in hours, and that they are
referenced to the EAP standards
too much. Some people have also
expressed the opinion that they are
over-regulated and may disable the
establishment of body-psychotherapy in countries and regions where
there is not an already well-established psychotherapeutic network.
A need has been expressed for more
qualitative measures of evaluation.
The direction that emerges from
these discussions is to create two
sets of standards, one that is referenced to EAP and one set that is
more for the internal use of EABP.
At the 2006 General Assembly
Training Standards will be presented
that are specially designed for the
EABP schools that want to qualify as
an EAPTI [ European Association
Psychotherapy Training Institute].
This will be specially useful for those
schools that want to award the ECP
to students on completion of their
course.
The process of designing a second
set of standards of an equivalent
level to the EAPTI standards but that
involve more qualitative criteria
is an exciting challenge and will constitute further work for the TSC.
Sean Doherty
To end this short report I just have to
state that members of the EC work
very nicely together producing a lot
and having a lot of fun.
For the EC
Angela Belz-Knöferl
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 13
General
Secretary’s
Report
News
Sean Doherty
These days the General Secretary's
work has less administration than in
earlier years, which leaves more time
for other aspects of EABP business.
Our work has become significantly
more complex and it would be hard
to see how the EABP could now
manage without a professional secretariat.
One of the duties of the General
Secretary is to be the line manager
of the secretariat in the person of Jill
van der Aa. This is one of the
easier tasks in that we know Jill as a
hard and conscientous worker;
rather than chase her to do work we
are more likely to put limits on her so
that she does not work too hard.
The busiest aspect of my work is as
a member of the executive board.
There is a steady stream of emails,
some easy, some complex that
require attention. The Board needs to
be vigilant as to how to work
efficiently, which processes can be
left to one person and which need
to be decided by a team and a
majority vote.
Within my mind as General Secretary
there is a debate as to how to use
language in EABP communications.
There is a polarity between minimal
and formalist language in EABP letters and documents and a more
expanded and sometimes personal
style. Both have good points but
there is a split in the board as to
which style to use as a normal
method. This has caused some serious debate and disagreement with
the possibility that time and energy
have been wasted. I anticipate this
matter will be part of the work with
an external facilitator in the June
Board meeting.
page 14 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
Dear EAP Board members,
The Decision of the Italian Court concerning Heinrich Lanthaler, an
Austrian psychotherapist who wanted to practise in Italy, can be found
in several documents on the EAP
website. The decision is only available in Italian and German. Thanks
again to Frans Peeters who scanned
the documents.
Best regards
Sonja Wirgler
EAP headoffice
Comment from Courtenay Young
Apparently this decision in a high
Italian court means that the first legal
precedent has been set in the field of
psychotherapy. Apparently this decision might be able to be used as a
precedent where one country tries to
restrict the use of the term "psychotherapist". What happened was the
Italian state tried to forbid or stop
someone (a State-registered psychotherapist and an ECP holder) from
another country (Austria) practising
in Italy and calling themselves a psychotherapist on the grounds that
they do not fulfil the conditions of the
Italian law (doctors and psychologists only can call themselves psychotherapists). They wanted him to
do another four years of training.
Now he has to do something smaller
and much more reasonable.
This was announced in the EAP
meeting as it helps the case for the
ECP and the existence of the EAP.
2006
Neuropsychology is probably the
fastest growing body of
knowledge in psychology. This
fascinating field brings back the
focus of body-mind by exploring
the intricate relationships between
brain and behavior. To help
clinicians get a sense of this
important field we have just
completed an introductory online
course on Neuropsychology.
http://www.drzur.com
Zur Institute
Clinical Update,
February 14, 2006
June 1-3, 2006
Lisbon, Portugal
4th International Biosynthesis
Congress
Building the Bridge Between
Body, Mind & Spirit
Future
events
May 26 2006 10am-5pm
Authentic Movement
California Institute of Integral
Studies
San Francisco, 94103, USA
For Reservations contact:
Keiko Lane klane@ciis.edu
www.ciis.edu
Main Speakers: Antonio Damasio,
Allan Schore, Silvia Specht-Boadella
Scientific researches in neurobiology,
psycho-neuro-immunology, and
energetic medicine now support this
integration in different ways. Healing
in Biosynthesis becomes a vital
bridge between essence and existence, soul and soma, inner and outer
ground.
Contact: ester.frankel@pobox.com
or mncorea@gmail.com,
www.cpbiosynthesis.
com, www.biosynthesis.org,
www.biossintese.psc.br
Tina Stromsted, Ph.D., MFT, ADTR
(Licensed psychotherapist and
Registered Dance Therapist) is cofounder of the Authentic Movement
Institute. In her private practice she
offers Jungian and body-oriented
psychotherapy and consultation in
San Francisco. Her international
workshops integrate Depth
Psychology, Authentic Movement,
Somatics, elements of Marion
Woodman's BodySoul Rhythms
approach, embodied dreamwork,
and creative arts therapy.
Tina is a faculty member in the
Somatic Psychology Doctoral
Program at the Santa Barbara
Graduate Institute and the Marion
Woodman Foundation. She also
teaches in public programs at the
C.G. Jung Institute of SF, the
California Institute of Integral Studies,
the Institute of Transpersonal
Psychology, Esalen Institute and
other universities and healing centers, internationally. She is a candidate at the C.G. Jung Institute of San
Francisco.
Authentic Movement and Mary
Starks Whitehouse
“Movement, to be experienced, has
to be “found” in the body, not put on
like a dress or a coat. There is that in
us which has moved from the very
beginning. It is that which can liberate us.”
Mary Whitehouse
Founder of Authentic Movement
Please note:
Motions for the ‘Grey Book’ (the
General Assembly) must be submitted to the EABP Secretariat by
1st July 2006.
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 15
RABOP Russia
President: Vladimir Baskakov
vbaskakov@yahoo.com
Representative:
Victoria Berezkina-Orlova
bervik@aha.ru
COUNCIL
of National
Associations
and National
Committees
S&MABP Serbia & Montenegro
President: Ljiliana Klisic Djordjevic
eklisic@sezampro.yu
CH-EABP Switzerland
Contact: Jürg Thomet
juerg.thomet@tiscali.ch
Secretary: Silvia Müller
silvia.mueller@wettingen.ch
Treasurer: Marco Guidon
info@koerpertherapie.ch
Christina Bader-Johansson
NVLP The Netherlands
Chairperson: Joop Valstar
nvlp@planet.nl
Secretary: Elisabeth de Lange
elisdelange@planet.nl
Treasurer: Marga de Langen
langen.mcg@quicknet.nl
Elfriede
Kastenberger
Co-Chairpersons of the Council
Dr. Elfriede Kastenberger
e.kastenberger@aon.at
Markku Välimäki
valimaki@dlc.fi
Report from the
Council Meeting in Zurich
26-28 January 2006
AABP Austria
President: Elfriede Kastenberger
e.kastenberger@aon.at
Secretary: Bernhard Hubacek
hubacek@bhc.at
Treasurer: Dr Eva Wagner-Margetich
margetich@aon.at
Present: Elfriede Kastenberger,
Chairperson (AABP, Austria); Jürg
Thomet (CH-EABP, Switzerland);
Joop Valstar (NVLP, Netherlands);
Victoria Berezkina-Orlova (RABOP,
Russia); Bjørn Ødegaard (Norway);
Ljiljana Klisic (YABP, Serbia);
Courtenay Young (UK); Doris
Baumeler (CH); Christina BaderJohansson (Switzerland); Sean
Doherty (UK); Dagmar Rellensmann
(DGK, Germany).
DGK Germany
President: Manfred Thielen,
ma.thielen@gmx.de
Secretary: Margit Grossmann,
margit.grossmann@t-online.de
Treasurer: Roland Port,
Secretariat: Axel Schulz
sekretariat@koerperpsychotherapiedgk.de
National Council Representative:
Dagmar Rellensmann
PESOPS Greece
President: Clorinda Lubrano-Kotoulas
clubrano@otenet.gr
Genera Secretary: Marilena Komi
marilenakomi@yahoo.com
Contact: Despina Markaki
dmarkaki@in.gr
AIPC Italy
President: Fabio Carbonari
aipc@psicoterapiecorporee.it
fabio.carbonari@tele2.it
Vice President: Maurizio Stupiggia
email: maustup@tin.it
Secretary: Giuseppe Ciardiello
siar@analisi-reichiana.it
Treasurer: Simona de Stasio
Board Members: Flavia Maloni, Adriana
Rotondano and Piera Sacchi.
page 16 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
o Each representative reported
about the situation of PT and BPT in
her/his country.
o We discussed the draft for the
new Membership Criteria in detail.
They set a higher level for those who
want to join EABP, but they are similar to the level set to become a psychotherapist eg in Austria. Point 2 of
the minutes.
o The next point was the new
Agreement (formerly Contract)
between the EABP and the NA´s; it
should be less hierarchical than the
old one. There should be a vote on
the Contract and the Membership
Criteria at the next General Assembly
that will take place during the EABP
Congress in September 2006 in
Askov. Point 3
o It´s important to collect the procedures and rules of the Council
(Constitution), how it works, what are
its duties and possibilities (8)
o Sean and Bjørn reported on the
2006
preparations for the EABP-Congress.
There will be very interesting speakers and lecturers, and also pricereductions for EABP-members and
groups. Point 13
o Bjørn proposed to establish and
offer ‘induction weekends’ for new
EABP members which would include
Ethics, referral protocols, professional practice issues etc and generic'
core courses, established and run by
EABP. Week-end courses for people
interested in BPT might include
Introduction to B-P, Ethics of
Professional Touch, History of B-P.
Point 11,12
o Another item was the finances of
the NA’s and NC’s. Switzerland and
the Netherlands sponsored the travel
costs for Russia and Serbia - a very
important sign of solidarity! Point 5-7
o We talked about how to improve
the flow of information within the
EABP, in between the different countries and with the EABP members.
How do members get the information that is important for them? The
theme of ‘information’ is one of the
most important issues for the
Council. Point 10
o Another important subject-matter
in the EABP and in the Council is the
matter of language. Do we exclude
the Romanic countries by using
English as the only language? It is
important to consider the cultural
diversity between North and South,
between East and West too. How is
it possible to deal with this issue in a
positive way? Point 9
o We gratefully accepted Ljiljana
Klisic´s invitation to arrange the next
Council Meeting from 26-28 January
2007 in Belgrade.
Our hosts Christina BaderJohansson and Jürg Thomet had
found a very agreeable venue for the
meeting and prepared carefully. As a
surprise they invited us for a lovely
guided tour in Zurich, and the
evening ended with a typical Swiss
cheese fondue. Thank you very
much for your hospitality!
Kurzer Bericht vom CouncilMeeting in Zurich
27. bis 29. Jänner
1. Wir haben uns zuerst über die
Lage der Psy Ther und der KÖPSY in
den einzelnen ausgetauscht.
2. Sehr ausführlich wurden die
neuen Membership-Criteria
(=Aufnahme-Bedingungen oder Kriterien) diskutiert; sie bringen eine
massive Erhöhung der
Anforderungen an Aufnahmewillige.
Sie entsprechen damit aber auch
weitgehend z.B. den Anforderungen,
die bei uns für die Anerkennung an
PsyTher. gestellt werden.
3. Ein neuer, weit weniger hierarchisch aufgebauter Vertrag bzw
Vereinbarung (Contract, Agreement)
zwischen EABP und NA wurde ebenfalls ausführlich diskutiert. Über
Membership Criterias und Contract
soll beim EABP-Kongress bzw. der
Generalversammlung in Askov
abgestimmt werden.
4. Über die Vorbereitung des
EABPKongresses wurde berichtet tolle Vortragende!
5. die Finanzlage der NA und NC
wurde besprochen; die Schweiz und
die Niederlande, die finanziell relativ
gut dastehen, haben sich bereit erklärt, die Reisekosten für die
Delegierten Russlands und Serbiens
zu übernehmen (find ich toll! Zeichen
für Solidarität).
6. Weitere wichtige Punkte waren
Kommunikation und
Informationsfluss zwischen den
einzelnen Nationen, von den einzelnen Ländern zur EABP und
umgekehrt und auch zu den einzelnen Mitgliedern - wie erfahren die
Mitglieder Beschlüsse oder Themen,
die für sie wichtig sind; besonders
dafür ist das Council-Meeting
wichtig.
7. Das Thema Sprachen beschäftigt
uns in der EABP in letzter Zeit
besonders: schließen wir mit
englisch als einziger Sprache die
Länder mit romanischer Sprache
(weitgehend) aus? Sind mit den
Sprach-Unterschieden nicht auch
kulturelle Unterschiedlickeiten verbunden, die es bei einer übernationalen Vereinigung zu beachten und zu würdigen gilt? Wie können
wir wertschätzend damit umgehen?
8. Für das nächste Council-Meeting
26. bis 28. Jänner 2007 haben wir
gerne die Einladung von Ljiljana
Klisic nach Belgrad angenommen.
Unsere Gastgeber, Christina BaderJohansson und Jürg Thomet, haben
für uns einen sehr angenehmen Platz
im Grünen organisiert und das
Treffen sehr gut vorbereitet. Als Überraschung gab es eine entzückende
Führung durch Zürich und ein zünftiges Fondue-Essen. Vielen Dank für
die Gastfreundschaft!
Council Meeting à Zurich
26. -28. January 2006
o Chaque représentative a reportée
la situation de la PT et de la BPT
dans son pays.
Nous nous sommes échangées
d'abord sur la situation de la Psy
Ther et le PsyTh corporelle en particuliers.
o On s´est occupée très détaillé
des nouveau "MembershipCriterias"(point 2); ils apportent une
augmentation massive des exigences en matière de disposés. Ils
correspondent ainsi aussi largement
p. ex. aux exigences qui sont
imposées en Autriche pour la reconnaissance comme PsyTher..
o Un nouveau contrat (point3
)moins hiérarchiquement développé
(Contract, Agreement) entre EABP et
NA a été examiné également en
détail. On votera sur les Membership
Criterias et le Contract dans l'assemblée générale qui prendra lieu pendant le EABP-Kongress dans Askov.
o Il faut collectinner les règles et
procédures (« Constitution », point 8)
du Council, et quels sont ses fonctions
o Sean et Bjorn ont fait un rapport
sur la préparation du EABPCongres
(point 13) - il y aura des speakers
très intéressant/e
o La situation financière (5-7) des
NA et NC a été examinée; la Suisse
et les Pays-Bas qui sont financièrement bien posées., ont été prêts de
se charger des frais de voyage pour
les délégués de Russie et de Serbie
(un signe de solidarité formidable).
o D'autres points importants étaient
la communication et la circulation de
l'information (10) entre le nations,
des différents pays au EABP et aux
différents membres -comment serait
il possible d´avertir les membres de
décisions ou de thèmes qui sont
importants pour elles ?
Particulièrement cela lest un des
thèmes très important pour le
Council-Meeting
o Les langues (9) sont un thème
qui nous occupe beaucoup récemment dans la EABP: excluons-nous
les pays avec une langue romane en
utilisant l´anglais comme seule
langue? Il faut aussi considérer les
différence culturel qui sont liées aux
langues.
o Pour le rencontre prochain nous
avons acceptée volontièrement
l´invitation de Ljiljana Klisic à
Belgrade, le «CouncilMeeting »
prochain prendrera place du Janvier
26 - 28 2007 à Belgrade.
Nos hotes, Christina Bader-
Johansson et Jürg Thomet avons
bien organisée et préparée nle meeting à une place tr`s agréable ;
comme surprise il y avait une visite
de Zurich et un diner avec le fondue
au fromage typique. Merci beaucoup
de votre hospitalité !
Council News
We have heard recently, with great
delight, that there is a new National
Association forming in Spain. This
means that only France, the UK and
Scandinavia are without a National
Association. There is slow and tentative progress within the UK as well
but nothing specific to report yet.
The Scandinavians are working
together well in a National
Committee. The other National
Associations are growing steadily
and we all met together in the new
Council at the end of January 2006
in Zürich, hosted by the CH-EABP.
Elfriede Kastenberger, the Council
Chairperson, has been doing a great
job keeping people informed, in contact through telephone conferences,
and discovering what is needed.
The Netherlands National
Association (NVLP) will present
another one-day symposium in
Body-Psychotherapy Weten wat je
doet - de brug tussen kennis en
kunde in lichaamsgeorienteerde psychotherapie (Knowing what you do the bridge between knowledge and
knowing in body-oriented psychotherapy) once again in collaboration with several other organisations.
These have been excellent in the
past and the growth of the NVLP
attests to this. As the necessity of
continuing Professional Development
increases, these sorts of symposia
are an excellent way forward to provide something for the members,
and attract others.
We are trying to tackle the language
difficulties that divide our European
Association. In this Newsletter we
have included some German reports
and articles in Italian and French.
The Congress material has been presented in English, French and
German. We are putting money
aside in the central budget to make
this a regular feature. English will
stay as the central ‘common’ ('official') language but we hope to make
the work of EABP much more accessible and understandable through
the ready availability of such translations. Any help with this would be
greatly appreciated.
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 17
Report from AABP
We were working hard in the AABP
persuing the goal of being awarded
state recognition, but we found out
that the way we tried it did not work.
This brought about some changes in
the AABP, some people have left and
others have come in. In order to get
to know what is the most important
goal for our members we had a
closed meeting in December; for
those who were present the acknowledgement of body-psychotherapy in
Austria was the most important issue,
also to build up a training institute
and professional exchange.
Elfriede Kastenberger
Report from DGK
On the 2nd of December 2005 the
DGK conference and General
Assembly was attended by about 50
members. There were several talks,
many about empirical research.
We had excellent feedback about the
venue. Food was served in the room
itself so that there was a lot of contact between the members.
Margit Grossmann
Lecture by Manfred Thielen
DGK Conference
I.) Einschätzung der
Psychotherapieentwicklung im Feld
der Approbierten Psychologischen
Psychotherapie
Die gegenwärtige Diskussion ist stark
geprägt durch die Vorgaben des
Gesetzgebers durch das Gesundheitsmodernisierungsgesetz und den
darin implizierten Anforderungen an
die Medizin und auch an die
page 18 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
Psychotherapie nach Qualitätssicherung - verbesserung und mangement und der Forderung der
Evidenzbasierung. Nach dem
Sachverständigenrat ist auch in dere
Medizin nur ein Teil - ich glaube gar
40 % der Leistungen evidenzbasiert.
Die Forderung nach Evidenzbasierung wurde auch von der rotgrünen Bundesregierung gestellt,
zusammen mit Versuchen, den
Wettbewerb im Gesundheitswesen
zu verstärken, die Macht der
Krankenkassen zu stärken und die
der KVen zu schwächen. Ulla
Schmidt, die neue und alte
Bundesgesundheitsminister wird
diesen Kurs entsprechend fortführen
und u.U. noch verschärfen. Die Idee
dabei ist, die hohen Gesundheitskosten (Spiegel ca, 500 Mill. euro)
zu senken, den Lobbyismus z.B. der
KBV und der niedergelassenen
Ärzteschaft zu brechen,
Benchmarking einzuführen, d.h. die
beste Leistung zu den günstigsten
Bedingungen einzukaufen.
Hintergrund für die Forderung nach
Evidenzbasierung ist das Interesse
der PatientInnen nach der effektivsten Versorgung. Durch empirische
Evaluierung soll die Spreu vom
Weizen getrennt werden und die
besten und effektivsten Methoden
eruiert werden.
Auf diesem Hintergrund wird auch in
der Psychotherpie der Ruf nach
Evidenzbasierter Psychotherapie
immer lauter. Berufs- und wissenschaftspolitisch wurde er vor
allem von den Verhaltenstherapeuten
aufgenommen. Einer der führenden
Repräsentanten einer Evidenzbasierten Psychotherapie war der
ehemalige Präsident der Bundespsychotherpeutenkammer, Detlev
Kommer, der im Sommer diesen
Jahres leider verstorben ist. Die BPtK
hat unter seiner Schirmherrschaft
und der wissenschaftlichen Leitung
von Prof. Fydrich (HU Berlin) letztes
Jahr ein Expertensymposium zu
dieser Thematik durchgeführt, an
dem mit Prof. Margraf (V.T:, bis 2004
Vorsitzender des WBP), Prof.
Chamberlain (USA) führende
Vertreter teilgenommen haben.
Insbesondere Frau Chamberlain ist
international eine anerkannte
Psychotherapieforscherin und eine
Vorreiterin der Evidenzbasierten
Psychotherapie. Sie gehört der TaskForce der APA an.
Prof. Schulte (VT, Bochum) ist ein
weiterer wichtiger Vertreter, der in der
Bundeskommission zur Aus- Fortund Weiterbildung der BPtK sitzt und
zusätzlich eine indikations- und
2006
störugnsspezifische Psychotherapie
fordert. D.h. je nach einem bestimmten Störungsbild z.B.
Depression soll auf der Basis von
empirischen Studien die effektivste
Psychotherapieform - nach den
Studien wäre das die kognitive V.T. indiziert werden. Das Gebiet der
Psychotherapie liefe dann Gefahr
störungsspezifisch segmentiert zu
werden, z.B. Psychoanalyse und
Tiefenpsychologie für Persönlichkeitsstörungen, die V.T. für
Depression, Angststörungen usw.
Diese Überlegungen gehen einher
mit Kostenersparnissen für die
Kostenträger. Nach den empirischen
Untersuchungen von Prof.
Hautzinger (V.T:, Tübingen) ist bei
der Depressionsbehandlung eine
Kombination aus Psychopharmaka
und bis zu max. 13 Gruppenstunden
kognitiver V.T. die optimale
Behandlungsform. Diese Aussage
wird zwar von einer Reihe von
anderen Studien (Meta-Analyse von
Leichsenring, PA,TP) widerlegt, doch
das hat keine Auswirkungen auf
diese Position. Die Krankenkassenvertreter nehmen natürlich solche
scheinbar wissenschaftlich bewiesenen Aussagen von Hautzinger auf
und unterstützen tendenziell diese
Orientierung. Z.B: trat in Berlin beim
2. Landespsychotherapeutentag Herr
Baasten (VDAK), der für die
Krankenkassen im G-BA sitzt, auf
und sympathisierte deutlich mit einer
indiaktionsspezifischen
Psychotherapie.
- Eine evidenzbasierte
Psychotherapie war auch das
Anliegen des ebenfalls im Sommer
verstorbenen Prof. Grawe, der mit
seinen Bücher der Vorreiter dieser
Richtung wurde. Allerdings wollte
Grawe eine ganzheitliche
Psychotherapie, er wollte weg von
der gegenwärtig noich vorherrschenden Schulendifferenzierung hin zu
einer einheitlichen Konzeption. Lange
Jahre bzw. Jahrzehnte wollte er eine
Integration auf der Basis der
Verhaltenstherapie vornehmen, doch
auf dem Hintergrund der neueren
Ergebnisse der Neuropsychologie
kam er zunehmend davon weg und
orientierte tatsächlich auf eine
ganzheitliche, einheitliche
Psychotherapie, die auf gemeinsamen Wirkfaktoren basiere. Hierbei
maß er dem Beziehungsaspekt auf
dem Hintergrund seiner eigenen
empirischen Forschungen einen
entscheidenden Stellenwert bei.
Diese Position wird auch von führenden Vertretern der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie
(H.Vogel, Prof. Kuhr u.a.) unterstützt.
- Die Traditionalisten, vor allem aus
dem Bereich der Psychoanalyse und
der orthodoxen V.T. tun sich auch
schwer mit der Evidenzbasierung.
Allerdings haben auch die
Psychoanalytiker eine Reihe von
empirischen Anstrengungen unternommen und die Psychoanalyse
wurde zusammen mit der tiefenpsychologisch fundierten Psychotherapie unter dem Oberbegriff
"Psychodynamische Psychotherapie"
vom WBP wissenschaftlich 2004
anerkannt. Die V.T. übrigens ebenfalls. Insofern sind sie evidenzbasierte Richtungen. Die
Traditionalisten wollen im PRinzip
den Status Quo erhalten und ihre
bisherigen Privilegien und Pfründe
verteidigen. Sie schließen sich tendenziell eher mit den Vertretern der
Evidenzbasierten Psychotherapie
zusammen, Teile von ihnen aber
auch mit der nun folgenden
Gegenströmung.
- Gegen diesen Mainstream der
Evidenzbasierter Psychotherapie, die
quasi naturwissenschaftlich und
empiristisch orientiert ist, formiert
sich aber zunehmend eine größer
werdende Gegenströmung, die vor
allem von Wissenschaftlern und
Berufspolitikern aus dem Bereich der
Nicht-.Richtlinienpsychotherapie, vorwiegend aus dem Humanistischen
Spektrum vertreten wird. Theoretisch
hat hier führend Prof. Dr. Jürgen Kriz
(Osnabrück, Mitglied des WBP, G.T:,
Systemiker, Existenzialanalyse nach
V.Frankl u.a.) Position bezogen. Auf
den beiden
Landespsychotherapeutentagen der
Berliner Psychotherapeutenkammer
hat ein methodenintegratives Modell
auf 4 Säulen entwickelt. Er plädiert
für eine einheitliche psychotherapeutische Grundausbildung, die auf
folgenden Säulen baisert:
- der Humanistischen
Grundorientierung;
- der PSychodynamischen "
- der verhaltenstherapeutischen "
- der systemischen
"
Seines Erachtens hat die
Körperpsychotherapie in diesem
Modell ihren Platz an der
Schnittstelle von psychodynamischer
und humanistischer
Grundorientierung. Nach dieser
gemeinsamen Grundausbildung
könne dann eine Spezialisierung in
einer der Orientierungen erfolgen.
Zu dieser wichtigen wissenschaftsund berufspolitischen Richtungen
gehört auch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft
PSychotherapie (AGP, GwG, VPP,
Systemiker, DGK u.a.), die das
Symposium im März 2006 zum
Thema: "Das Unbehagen in der
(Psychotherpie-) Kultur" initiiert und
organisiert. Hier werden viele
VertreterInnen dieser Richtung zu
Wort kommen wie Prof. Kriz, Prof.
Buchholz, Prof. Salber, Prof.
Zurhorst, Biermann-Ratjen. Aus dem
körperpsychotherapeutischen
Spektrum wird Prof. Thomas Loew
sprechen. Das Symposium wird
erstaunlicherweise auch von der psychoanalytischen Gesellschaft DGPT
utnerstützt.
Im Rahmen dieser wissenschaftsund berufspolitischen Konstellationen
hat die Körperpsychotherpie die
besten Bedingungen auf
Anerkennung im Rahmen der
angestreben Methodenintegration,
wie sie im Krizschen Modell zum
Ausdruck kommt. Sowohl auf der GK
II-Tagung zur Reform der
Psychotherapierichtlinien als auch
auf dem
2.Landespsychotherapeutentag der
Berliner PTK habe ich in zentralen
Vorträgen die Position vertreten, dass
die Körperpsychotherapie im 4Säulen-Modell eine eigene Säule
beansprucht. Gerade die neueren
Ergebnisse der
Neurowissenschaften, der
Säuglingsforschung u.a. untermauern zunehmend die Bedeutung
der Integration des Körpers und des
Non-Verbalen in die PSychotherapie.
Dies wird auch von einzelnen
Vertretern der Richtlinientherapie
erkannt, so setzen sich im Bereich
der Psychoanalyse seit JAhren
Tilmann Moser, Günter Heisterkamp,
Gisela Worms, J.Scharf, P.Geißler ua.
für den Einbezug des Körpers ein. In
der Verhaltenstherapie gibt es aktuell
einen starken Trend zum Körper, s.
den Kongress von 2004 von
K.D.Sulz, der auch ein Buch zum
"Körper in der Verhaltenstherapie"
herausgegeben hat. Es existieren
auch gute Grundlagenbücher von
Görlitz zum Einbezug des Körpers in
die V.T.,
Es besteht sogar die große Gefahr,
dass sich die Richtlinienverfahren der
besten Elemente der NichtRichtlinienverfahren bedienen, sie
wie aus einem Steinbruch herausbrechen und in ihr Verfahren integrieren. Dieses Vorgehen hat den
Charakter einer feindlichen Übernahme und muss entschieden
zurückgewiesen werden.
II) Stand der offiziellen
Anerkennung der KPT
Die KPT ist gegenwärtig weder
berufs- noch sozialrechtlich anerkannt, sie kann also nur als IGELLeistung praktiziert und privat
abgerechnet werden. Für die berufsrechtliche Anerkennung müsste sie
sich dem Begutachtungsverfahren
des WBP unterziehen. Nach dessen
einseitig orientierten empirischen
Kritierien, bei denen RCT-STudien an
der 1. Stelle stehen, haben wir z.Z.
keine Chance auf Anerkennung. Man
muss in mind. 4 Indikationsbereichen
über eine ausreichende Anzahl
empirischer Studien verfügen, wobei
einige RCT-Studien dabei sein sollten. Die anderen NichtRichtlinienverfahren verhalten sich
unterschiedlich zum WBP, die
Hypnose hat seit über einem Jahr
einen Antrag gestellt, die Systemiker
und Familientherapeuten, deren
erster Antrag abgelehnt wurde, bereiten z.Z. einen neuen Antrag vor, die
Neuropsychologen stellen einen
Nachantrag, da sie bisher lediglich
z.T. wissenschaftlich anerkannt wurden. Die Interpersonale
Psychotherapie, die insbesondere im
stationären Bereich vertreten ist, hat
m.W. auch einen Antrag gestellt. Von
den relevanteren NichtRichtlinienverfahren haben nur die
Gestalttherapie, das PSychodrama
und die Körperpsychotherapie
keinen bzw. das PSychodrama
keinen erneuten Antrag gestellt.
Die Mehrheit der FAch- u.
Berufsverbände zweifelt z.Z. die
Legitimität des WBP nicht an, dies
trifft auch auf die Mehrheit der BPtK
zu, doch von Seiten der AGP und
insbesondere der GwG wird die Kritik
an seiner Begutachtungspraxis
immer lauter und massiver. Die GwG
hat auch eine Reihe juristischer
Erfolge erzielt, in denen die
Kompetenz des WBP zur
Anerkennung von Psychotherapieverfahren hinterfragt und kritisch
kommentiert wird.
Auch wenn die Hürde des WBP
genommen ist, muss dann noch
über die Hürde des G-BA gesprungen werden. Vor dieser Situation
steht jetzt die G.T., die vom WBP seit
Jahren wissenschaftlich anerkannt
wurde, doch der G-BA prüft alle
Studien noch einmal, um die
Versorgungsrelevanz der G.T. zu
überprüfen. Dabei soll sie die
absurde Anforderung erfüllen, den
anderen bereits praktizierten
Verfahren überlegen zu sein bzw.
Krankheitsbilder und Patienten-gruppen zu behandlen, die von den
anderen Verfahren nicht adäquat ver-
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 19
sorgt werden.
Also diese himmelhohen Hürden
können wir auf dem Hintergrund des
gegenwärtigen empirischen Materials
sicherlich nicht in der nächsten Zeit
überpringen. Doch welche
Perspektiven haben wir, um unseren
Anerkennungsstatus im Feld zu
verbessern.
Auf der Ebene der Bundes- und der
Landespsychotherapeutenkammern
gibt es Fortbildungsordnungen, nach
denen in einigen Bundesländern
auch die Fortbildung in
Körperpsychotherapie möglich ist:
Berlin, Hamburg, Hessen, Saarland
(?), Bayern. Diesen Status müssen
wir nutzen und weiter ausbauen, also
auch in den anderen Landeskammern darum kämpfen, dass sich die
KollegInnen auch in Körperpsychotherapie fortbilden können.
Z.Z. wird in der BPtK die Diskussion
um eine Musterweiterbildungsordnung geführt. Weiterbildung hat
einen höhergradigen Status als
Fortbildung. Die Ärzte bilden sich
z.B. zum Facharzt weiter. In der
Psychotherapie könnte man sich für
bestimmte Kompentenzen wie
Schmerztherapie, Diabetologie u.a.
weiterbilden. Aber auch die
Weiterbildung in Zweitverfahren wie
Neuropsychologie, Familien- und
Paartherapie, evt.
Körperpsychotherapie wird
angestrebt.
Gegenwärtig orientieren wir gegen
eine Musterweiterbildungsordnung,
da wir als Körperpsychotherapeuten
in den Fortbildungsordnungen
bessere Chancen haben. Doch z.Z.
sieht es so aus, dass die Mehrheit
der BPtK für eine Weiterbildungsordnung votiert, wenn dieser Fall eintreten würde, müssen wir unbedingt
dafür eintreten, dass man sich auch
in Körperpsychotherapie weiterbilden
kann. Dann müssten wir als
Fachgesellschaft ein entpsprechendes Curriculum für eine ca. 3-j.
Weiterbildung vorlegen.
Ein weiteres wesentliches Feld sind
wissenschaftliche Kongresse,
Symposien, Tagungen, wissenschaftliche Publikationen,
Verankerung an den Universitäten,
Ausbau unserer Positionen im institutionellen Bereich.
Die Erfahrungen aus den
Kongressen, Symposien und
Tagungen, an denen eigentlich
Vertreter der relevantesten
Psychotherapieverfahren teilgenommen haben wie z.B: LPTs Berlin,
GKII-Symposium u.a. zeigen, dass
es ganz entscheidend ist, ob wir in
page 20 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
diesem großen Feld als
Körperpsychotherapie bzw.
Körperpsychotherapeuten vertreten
sind. dadurch bekommen wir das
notwendige Standing und werden
von den anderen Richtungen auch
zunehmend mehr wahr- und ernstgenommen. Deshalb liegt es auf der
Hand, dass wir hier weiter und noch
mehr präsent sein sollten.
Die Verankerung an den Unis ist leider relativ dünn. Herausragend ist
hier die Position von Thomas Loew,
der in Regensburg einen Lehrstuhl
inne hat und Körperpsychotherapie
lehrt und beforscht. Prof. Dr.
Seewald, der mit der DGK in Kontakt
steht, hat einen Studiengang zur
Körperpsychotherapie in Marburg
entwickelt, der von PD Ulfried Geuter
geleitet wird. Prof. Revenstorf
(Tübingen)ie Mulit-.Center-Studie zur
Körperpsychotherapie. PD Dr. U.
Geuter vertritt als Privatdozent das
Gebiet der Körperpsychotherapie an
der FU Berlin. Durch unseren persönlichen Kontakt hat Prof. Kriz
gewisse Sympathien für die
Körperpsychotherapie, er hat eine
Empfehlung für das Handbuch
geschrieben.
Das Handbuch zur
Körperpsychotherapie, das von Gustl
Marlock und Halko Weiss herausgegeben und Anfang 2006 bei
Schattauer erscheinen wird, stellt
einen wichtigen Meilenstein zur weiteren wissenschaftlichen Fundierung
der Körperpsychotherapie dar.
U.Geuter hat in seiner Bibliografie
mehr als 1000 wissenschafltiche Titel
zur Körperpsychotherapie erfasst. Er
wird für uns einen Artikel im PTJ und
den gegenwärtigen wissenschaftlichen Stand der
Körperpsychotherapie, welche
Richtugnen dazu gehören, wie sie
theoretisch legitimiert und klinisch
verankert sind, erarbeiten.
Im institutionellen Bereich müsste die
Verbreitung der KPT auch empirisch
erfasst werden, dies wäre sicherlich
eine lohnenswerte Aufgabe für Prof.
Loew und Frank Röhricht. U. Geuter
hat festgestellt, dass die KPT in
Kliniken mit psychodynamischer
Grundorientierung das am häufigste
angewandte Zweitverfahren ist.
(Geuter 2002a, 42- 47).
Mir sind eine Reihe von Kliniken
bekannt, in der KPT praktiziert wird,
hierzu gehören: Bad Grönenbach,
Heiligenfeld, Habichtswald-Klinik
Kassel, Heinrich-Heine-Klinik
Neufahrland, Dresden, Halle u.a.
Über den emprisichen Stand werden
gleich Frank Röhricht und Thomas
Loew berichten, deshalb brauche ich
hierauf nicht näher einzugehen.
2006
III) Welche wissenschafts- und
berufspolitischen Perspektiven
und Forderungen ergeben sich
nun aus dieser Analyse
1.) Wir unterstützen alle
Bestrebungen nach einer Reform der
Psychotherapierichtlinien, sie wird
von den Verbänden der AGP aktiv
vorangetrieben. Diese Forderung ist
verzahnt mit der Forderung nach
2.) Methodenintegration.
Die PRL müssen sofort so reformiert
werden, dass methodenintegratives
Arbeiten, dass auch die Methoden
der bisherigen Nicht.Richtlinienpsychotherapie umfassen
muss, als eigener Strang innerhalb
der PRL praktiziert werden kann.
Jeder approbierte Psychotherapeut
muss im Sinne der Verbesserung der
Behandlung und im Interesse des
Behandlungserfolges des/der
PatientInnen diejenigen Methoden
bzw. Verfahren anwenden dürfen, die
er gelernt hat.
Diese beiden Forderungen müssen
vor allem im Rahmen des GK II, der
Bundes- und der Länderpsychotherapeutenkammern, Kongressen,
Tagungen, Foren, pol. Veranstaltungen vertreten werden.
3.) Wir arbeiten darauf hin, die Macht
des WBP zu reduzieren und die der
Landeskammern, als die
Körperpsychaft, die wissenschafltiche Empfehlungen für die
Wissenschaftlichkeit von Verfahren
aussspricht zu stärken. Wir arbeiten
auf eine Reform der einseitig empiristischen Kriterien des WBP hin.
Auf der Ebene der Empirie treten wir
für naturalistische Studien bzw, deren
Höherbewertung gegenüber RCTStudien ein.
4.) Unsere eigene wisssenschaftliche
Arbeit, insbesondere die empirische
Arbeit muss verstärkt werden.
5.) Die Verstärkung unserer universitären Präsenz
6.) Die Gewinnung von DGKMitgliedern unter den PSycholog.
Psychotherapeuten,Ki.- u.Jug.psycht.
und ärztlichen Psychotherapeuten,
unter denen es viele KollegInnen
gibt, die qualifiziert körperpsychotherapeutisch ausgebildet aber
noch nicht bei uns organisiert sind.
7.) Die Gewinnung von DGKMitglieder, die in der Lage sind bzw.
versetzt werden, die
Körperpsychotherapie in der
Öffentlichkeit wirkungsvoll zu
vertreten.
RABOP Russia
Annual International
Conference for Body
Psychotherapy and
Thanatotherapy
Body: between Life and Death
Moscow 11-13 November 2005
There were more than 80 participants
from Russia, Germany, Czechia,
Slovakia, the Ukraine, Byelorussia
and Kazakhstan. Vladimir Baskakov the President of RABOP, the Director
of the Institute of the Thanatotherapy
and the Organizer of the Conference
noted that the title of the Conference
itself indicates an original territory
and “map” where approaches and
methods of body-psychotherapy and
Thanatotherapy are actual.
Workshops using classic western
approaches such as Bioenergetics,
Biosynthesis, Rozen-method as well
as traditional native Russian practices for working with the body were
represented. For the first time there
was a competition for the rank of
“the most bodily psychotherapist”
which caused curiosity and excitement.
The next Conference is planned for
November 2006.
All information is available on website: www.thanatotherapy.ru
Vladimir Baskakov
Workshop with Erik Jarlnaes
Report from S&MABP
Dear Colleagues,
The YU Association has been so
active in the last months that we
have not had time to sum it all up.
When I partly recovered from my
Paris Forum efforts, I participated in a
few public occasions and discussions about body-psychotherapy and
there were a lot of questions. You
can see something of this on the
website: www.zdravzivot.com
We are also often on TV promoting
body-psychotherapy in Serbia. I was
surprised to see that TV ART repeated the program we were in, from
1997 - 100 years Wilhelm Reich. It
was an hour long and was in the
best viewing time - Saturday evening
at 20 hrs. Also a program from 2000
- PULSATION.
We are preparing a new program
about Reich, the weather, BP and
Tepsynthesis. I have tapes of these
for anyone interested. Very soon,
one big new will come, I hope.
Ljiljana Klisic
In November and December 2004,
our school, TePsintezis, welcomed
visiting teachers - Christiane LewinGros, from the Biodynamic school in
Montpellier, France - and Erik
Jarlnaes, from the Bodynamic
school, Copenhagen, Denmark.
They held weekend workshops and
we had the opportunity to experience
and hear about some of the basic
concepts and exercises of each
school. This enriched our knowledge, and gave us the chance to
become familiar with
some modern
schools of body psychotherapy. We also
learned new ways to
work with trauma,
which means a lot to
us. We are very
pleased that they
accepted our invitation, and presented
their work to us.
Member of
S&CG ABP
and trainee in
TePsynthesis
Sladjana Djordjevic
Report 2005 from CH-EABP
We are still in a transition phase in
the CH-EABP. Christina BaderJohansson joined the board at the
last general meeting so that once
again our board consists of three
people. We have still not been able
to find a new president.
Jürg Thomet visited the Council
meeting of the EABP in January
2005, in Vienna. The next meeting
took place in January 2006 in
Zürich/Switzerland which we organised. We look forward to the important contacts with the other National
Associations and the representatives
of the board of the EABP. In 2005 further telephone conferences with the
delegates took place. The main
areas of focus were the congress of
the EABP in Askov, improvement of
the cooperation between the different
associations and the EABP board,
support for the smaller associations,
reduction of the share of the membership fees given to the EABP,
(from 60 % to 50 %), new contracts
between the associations and the
EABP, re-evaluation of the membership criteria and conditions, (also for
agreement with the European
Association of Psychotherapy (EAP)
and the European Certificate of
Psychotherapy (ECP).
As proposed in the Open Space of
the General Assembly 2004, a convention will take place in September
2006 about the topic “long suffering,
where is cure” together with other
interested organisations.
On 21st May 2005 we organised a
meeting for all interested members.
The idea was that an exchange
could take place about current topics, interests, questions, ideas, future
plans etc. Unfortunately, only one
person registered besides the board
and the organisation team.
Nevertheless, the occasion was
encouraging.
At the last general meeting, it was
decided to give members the new
Handbook of body psychotherapy edited by G. Marlock and H.
Weiss. We would like to support the
research and the scientific aspect of
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 21
our work with this. Approximately
70% of the members, used this offer,
which makes us very happy.
Unfortunately because of postponements the book comes out only in
2006.
The board has dealt with current
business with the help of modern
communication means, telephone
conference, emails, meetings etc.
The main topic of discussion is the
clarification of the direction of our
association and finding and mobilising new strengths for the board.
Our two Intervision groups in Bern
and Zürich run quite well and are
encouraging. At the moment, there is
a break in Bern. We hope other
groups will develop in other regions.
On the 26th November 2005 our
annual general assembly took place.
Unfortunately, Maëlle Perez
Humpierre-Merkle resigned from the
board. We regret this, thank her
heartily for her cooperation and wish
her all the best.
Jürg Thomet
Mitglieder des Vorstandes: Maëlle
Perez Humpierre-Merkle, Christina
Bader-Johansson und Jürg Thomet
Hünibach, 30.11.05
Jahresbericht 2005 CH-EABP
Nach wie vor befinden wir uns im
CH-EABP in einer Übergangsphase.
An der letzten Generalversammlung
konnte Christina Bader-Johannsson
für den Vorstand gewonnen werden,
so dass unser Vorstand wieder aus
drei Leuten besteht. Einen
PräsidentIn konnten wir weiterhin
nicht finden.
Im Januar besuchte Jürg Thomet die
Delegiertenversammlung des EABP
in Wien. Die nächste Versammlung
wird im Januar 2006 in
Zürich/Schweiz stattfinden und von
uns organisiert werden. Wir freuen
uns auf die wichtigen Kontakte mit
den andern nationalen Verbänden
und VertreterInnen des Vorstandes
des EABP. Im Verlaufe des Jahres
fanden weitere Telefonkonferenzen
mit den Delegierten statt. Die
Schwerpunkte waren der Kongress
des EABP im 2006, Verbesserung
der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den
verschiedenen Vereinigungen und
dem Vorstand EABP, gegenseitige
Unterstützung unter den
Vereinigungen (West/Ost), Reduktion
des Abgabeanteils von den
Mitgliederbeiträgen an den EABP
(von 60% auf 50%), neue Verträge
zwischen den Verbänden und dem
EABP, Überarbeitung der
Aufnahmebedingungen (auch in
page 22 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
Übereinstimmung mit dem
Europäischen Psychotherapieverband EAP und dem Europäischen
Psychotherapiezertifikat ECP).
Aus dem Open Space anlässlich der
GV 2004 entstand eine Tagung zum
Thema „langes Leiden, wo ist
Heilung“ im September 2006. Sie
findet zusammen mit andern
Organisationen statt.
Am 21. Mai 2005 organisierten wir
ein Treffen für alle interessierten
Mitglieder. Die Idee war, dass dort
ein Austausch über aktuelle Themen,
Interessen, Fragen, Ideen,
Zukunftspläne etc. stattfinden könnte. Leider hat sich ausser dem
Vorstand und dem
Organisationsteam nur eine Person
angemeldet. Trotzdem war der
Anlass ermutigend, neue Kraft war
spürbar.
An der letzten Generalversammlung
wurde entschieden, den Mitgliedern
das neue Buch „Handbuch der
Körperpsychotherapie“ von G.
Marlock und H. Weiss zu schenken.
Wir möchten damit die Forschung
und den wissenschaftlichen Aspekt
unserer Arbeit unterstützen. Etwa
70% der Mitglieder hat von diesem
Angebot Gebrauch gemacht, was
uns sehr freut. Das Buch kommt
wegen Verzögerungen leider erst im
2006 heraus.
Der Vorstand hat mit Hilfe unserer
modernen Kommunikationsmittel
(Telefonkonferenz, Email, Sitzungen
etc.) die laufenden Geschäfte behandelt. Hauptthema ist und bleibt die
Ausrichtung unseres Verbandes zu
klären und zu finden und neue Kräfte
für den Vorstand zu mobilisieren.
Unsere beiden Intervisionsgruppen
in Bern und Zürich laufen recht gut
und machen Freude. (In Bern ist im
Moment ein Unterbruch). Wir hoffen
auf eine Nachahmung in anderen
Regionen.
Am 26. November 2005 fand unsere
jährliche Generalversammlung statt.
Leider hat sich Maëlle Perez
Humpierre-Merkle entschieden, aus
dem Vorstand zurückzutreten. Wir
bedauern das, bedanken uns herzlich für ihre Mitarbeit und wünschen
ihr alles Gute.
Jürg Thomet
Mitglieder des Vorstandes: Maëlle
Perez Humpierre-Merkle, Christina
Bader-Johansson und Jürg Thomet
Hünibach, 30.11.05
2006
Report from the NVLP
We are in the middle of the preparations for the fourth Dutch
Symposium, to be held on the 27th
of May 2006.
The symposium is organised together with seven other organisations,
either training institutes or professional associations, all related to
body-psychotherapy.
The theme of the symposium is the
importance of research and publication, and the title is “Knowing what
you're doing - the bridge between
knowledge and know-how in bodypsychotherapy”.
Guest speakers will be Maria
Hernandez-Reif from Miami Touch
Research Institute, Dr. Annet Nugter,
a Dutch researcher and Christa
Ventling, a researcher from
Switzerland.
On the occasion of the symposium
we also hope to give birth to the
'WILHELM REICH FONDS', a foundation under the wings of the NVLP, to
support body-psychotherapy developments on content and distribution
levels.
A third project is to create a website,
which may help anybody who wishes to find his/her way around the
Dutch body-psychotherapy landscape.
Last October we were happy to
extend the Board with a third active
member, Marga de Langen. Our
number of full members has grown
to 29 and we hope to welcome the
seventh organisational member
soon.
Joop Valstar
Report from GABP
Athens, 26 January 2006
The EABP Congress in October 2004
in Greece left behind a great amount
of work to be done and not enough
time to dedicate to it. Therefore, we
were not so insistent on the collection of the pending Association fees
for 2004 and 2005.
We have finally finished with the final
Congress reports - an (accurate)
Congress budget, closing the books
with the accountant, all the tax office
work, the participants list, and all the
relevant documents, receipts and
other material, so that this information can be useful and legible to all
of us.
We are now dedicated to the
Association activities such as the
General Assembly and election of a
new Board in March 2006 and fees
collection for 2004 and 2005. We
have already sent a part of the EABP
remittance and we will send the rest
soon after the General Assembly,
together with the detailed list of
members. The positive thing is that
for 2005 we had five new full members and three new associate members, adding up to the total of twenty-nine full members and eleven
associate members.
Warm greetings from the GABP
The General Secretary
Marilena Komi
October 2007.
On 18th February we had an organisational meeting between the Board
members, scientific members and
the Presidents of the Institutes.
Warm greetings
Fabio Carbonari
Body Psychotherapy approach
in Kosova
Mind -Body Medicine school
Psychotherapy, which brought new
approaches in the treatment of different psychological and psychosocial
issues, offered new challenges for
Kosovar mental health workers.
Immediately after the war (June
1999) many international organizations, some professional, some nonprofessional, worked with different
mental health workers to educate
them in different approaches, mostly
the treatment of war trauma.
Few of them had a structured and
scientifically based program for longterm education in their methods. We
have to keep in mind that all these
training programs have to be collected and structured under one institutional umbrella, which didn't work at
that time in Kosova.
The Kosova Association for
Psychotherapy( KAP) was established for this purpose, at the beginning of the year 2000, through the
initiative of some young psychiatrists
and psychologists from Kosova. One
of the first well-known institutes
which started in the early days of the
war to offer scientifically structured
trainings for Kosovar mental health
workers, was the Center for MindBody Medicine (CMBM) from
Washington DC. This is a school
Accredited trainers in Kosova from CMBM,
teaching several different recognized
methods of Body Psychotherapy.
This program was designed “to help
to heal the psychological trauma of
war and to address, in a direct, practical and easily assimilated way, the
wide variety of emotional and physical symptoms - the squeals of war which was so pervasive in the population of Kosova”.
This model “combines the precision
of modern science with the wisdom
of ancient healing which includes the
mental, emotional, social and spiritual, as well as the physical dimensions of health and illness”. It also
emphasizes the uniqueness of each
person and the centrality of therapeutic partnerships.
The Center for Mind-Body Medicine
(CMBM) was founded in 1991 by
James S. Gordon, MD., a psychiatrist
who is Professor of Psychiatry and
Family Medicine at the Georgetown
University Medical School.
Transcripts from the CMBM are available on their website www.cmbm.org
The training program for mental
health professionals in Kosova was
started in refugee camps in
Macedonia with psychiatrists, psychologists, doctors, social workers,
pedagogues and nurses, mostly
refugees from Kosova. After the
arrival of the KFOR troops in Kosova,
CMBM started dealing with war trauma using a large group of professional and non-professional care
helpers from different psychosocial
organizations. The program was
developed in six phases with five and
three day intensive trainings. The
Washington DC. 2006
Report from the AIPC
The Italian Association (AIPC), has
once again started to be active
although it is difficult to keep contact
with EABP because of the language.
We have a new Board: Fabio
Carbonari (President), Maurizio
Stupiggia (Vice-President), Giuseppe
Ciardiello (Secretariat), Simona de
Stasio(Treasurer), Flavia Maloni,
Adriana Rotondano and Piera
Sacchi.
We are working to organize a national congress dedicated to Federico
Navarro; and at the same time we
are dealing with an international congress dedicated to Reich. The congresses will be held on the same
three days somewhere at the end of
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 23
Gerda Boyesen 1922 - 2005
training program model included theoretical lectures, group workshops,
individual work and supervision. After
finishing six phases of training under
the supervision of the Center for
Mind-Body Medicine (CMBM) they
accredited ten mental health professionals from Kosova with the diploma, Trainer in CMBM. In the last two
years these trainers have continued
teaching the same program with new
mental health staffs working in
Mental Health Centers in different
regions in Kosova, under the supervision of CMBM.
Their education consisted of group,
individual and theoretical work as
well as supervision. In total they have
completed a 350-hour training program of psychotherapy education in
Mind-Body Medicine, which took five
years (May 1999 - September 2004).
From 2004 till May 2006 the trainers
delivered approximately 150 hours of
training work with different groups of
mental health workers in Kosova.
The list below of accredited trainers
is also registered on the website
www.cmbm.org of the Center for
Mind-Body Medicine from
Washington DC.
Afrim Blyta, PhD, neuropsychiatrist
Jusf Ulaj, MD, psychiatrist
Ismet Abdullahu, Mr. Sc. Psychiatrist
Mentor Rruka, MD, neuropsychiatrist
Aferdita Uka, MD, child psychiatrist
Shukrije Statovci, MD, psychiatrist
Qemajl Rexhepi, MD, child psychiatrist
Mimoza Shahini, MD, child psychiatrist
Shqipe Ukshini, psychologist
Enver Cesko, Mr.Sc. psychologist
Mind-Body Medicine in Kosova, as
the new approach in body-psychotherapy, is developing scientifically
and professionally on a permanent
basis. Their knowledge is continually
prospering, in different and similar
approaches of body-psychotherapy
schools. Some of them presented
their experience as Mind-Body therapists at international conferences,
such as Vienna, 2002, Egmond,
2001, Napoli 2002 etc. The president
of the Kosova Association for
Psychotherapy (KAP) is also a full
member of EABP.
Two trainers from Kosova took part in
the CMBM team who are doing the
same program with Palestinian
refugee camps in Gaza.
Enver Cesko
President of KAP
Prishtina, Kosova
November 2006
page 24 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
In
Memoriam
Dear All,
Just before midnight on the 29th of
December my dear mother, Gerda,
departed from this earth to the unknown eternity............where
beingness is beyond.
Her death came after intense struggle
for many years with cancer, and her
dignity was present all along together
with her joy of life.
Missing her is a giant step of
transcendance.
Joelle and I were present with her in
London just before her dying, and
she could finally go in peace in the
arms of my sister Ebba.
Love to you all,
Joelle and Paul Boyesen
2006
Many of you reading this will have
known of Gerda Boyesen, and may
even have experienced her work in
Biodynamic Psychology. This is just
one, doubtless, of many tributes that
will be made to her and to her therapeutic work. In 1999, she was made
an Honorary Member of EABP for
her many contributions to European
Body-Psychotherapy.
She was originally a Norwegian
physiotherapist, who developed a
new form of body-oriented psychotherapy. Influences on her in this
endeavour were the therapeutic massage work of Aadel Bülow-Hansen
and Lillemor Johnsen, and the psychotherapeutic work (CharacterAnalytic Vegetotherapy) that she
learnt from being a client of Ola
Raknes, a pre-war psychoanalytical
colleague of Wilhelm Reich.
Having brought up her three children, in the early 1970's, she came to
London and started training people
in her work, first at the Churchill
Centre, and later at her own centre at
Acacia House in Acton Park in the
late 1970's and early 1980's. She
also travelled extensively and set up
training groups in many European
countries, predominantly in
Germany, Austria, the Netherlands
and France. Many thousands of
people thus experienced her work,
and many hundreds trained with her.
There was something fascinating,
almost magical, about the essence of
her work: it was very gentle and
accepting. She was fond of saying,
“The client is always right.” She
focussed her work on following
intently the client's body energy, and
in helping it to flow: physically and
somatically by 'melting' the characterological 'armour' though massage
and encouraging the parasympathetic side of the Autonomic Nervous
System; through emotional abreaction or catharsis; and psychologically
through verbal exchanges with the
therapist. In this way she mirrored
the client-centred work of Carl
Rogers, allowed the abreactions
sought by the more “primal” therapy
schools, and softened the bioenergetic work of Alexander Lowen.
This was, at that time, very refreshing
to people often 'accused' (or feeling
guilty and confused) of having neuroses from the psychoanalytical perspective and thus having to 'work
out' their problems, often quite
lengthily (and expensively) or quite
painfully, through one form of analysis, or other forms of deep body
work (eg: Rolfing). The only alternati-
ves to psychiatry, clinical psychology
or analysis in London in the early
1970's were R.D. Laing's work, the
radical “therapy groups” starting up
like Quaesitor, or the alternative
“community” houses of People Not
Psychiatry (Michael Barnett, Jenny
James & David Cooper). Gerda tried
to provide instead a safe haven in
the beautiful surrounds of Acacia
House, where people could be
accepted and thus learn to accept
themselves. She was remarkably
successful in this, and deserves the
fond recognition that many have for
her work.
Gerda herself mixed her natural
empathy and intuitive genius with a
somewhat chaotic personal manner.
However the proper place for analysis is in a full-length biography; and
we really hope that such a book will
be published, for her work needs to
be much more widely recognised in
print, and in English, than it has been
to date. Apart from The Collected
Papers (long out-of-print, re-printed
pieces from Energy & Character) and
some other articles, her only books
have been in French or German
‘Entre Psyche et Soma - Introduction
à la Psychologie Biodynamique' and
‘Biodynamik des Lebens and Von
der Lust am Heilen’.
It was pleasant and unusual that her
three adult children, Ebba, Mona-Lisa
and Paul, have all been very active in
developing her work, and expanding
it. Much credit must also be given to
the stalwart presence of Dan, her
second husband, and to Clover
Southwell, one of her first trainees,
who now carries on training people
in Gerda's work in London. We send
them all our blessings!
Courtenay Young
Gerda Boyesen passed away
On December 29th 2005 Gerda
Boyesen, the initiator and founder of
the Biodynamic Psychotherapy, died
in London at the age of 83 after a
long period of illness. What will continue are the results of her lifework:
the Biodynamic Psychology, which is
the basis of the Biodynamic
Psychotherapy.
She was born in Norway and educated as a clinical psychologist and
physiotherapist. Throughout her life
her focus was on the interdependence of body and soul. Her research
work - following her famous colleagues Sigmund Freud, C. G. Jung
and most of all Wilhelm Reich - has
resulted in discovering the “psychoperistalsis”
Due to her discovery of the fact that
emotions can also be “digested”
many completely new methods of
treatment have been established
which can be applied to a whole
spectrum of malfunctions. The application of these methods can result in
simple relaxation or in the reduction
of stress. But what is even more
important, they are the basis of a
profoundly new method of psychotherapy. By publishing her first book
“Die Seele über den Körper heilen” (meaning: Healing the soul by
healing the body) she became
known to a larger public.
Gerda Boyesen's life was determined
by the untiring effort to support her
patients and to hand on her discoveries and her knowledge to a great
number of students. She was a very
passionate teacher. In 1969 she
founded the first Biodynamic Centre
in London and she taught and supervised her students until old age.
Today Biodynamic Psychotherapy
ranges among the most renowned
forms of body-psychotherapy. More
than 400 therapists in Germany are
reported to work with the method
established by Gerda Boyesen.
In 1999 she was honoured by the
EABP for her lifework.
Gerda Boyesen is also an honorary
member of the GBP, the German
Association of Biodynamic
Therapists.
Sabine Schmidt
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 25
Report
7th ISC
Conference
Brazil
October 2005
Brazil was the first country in South
America, and even in the Southern
Hemisphere, to organize a congress
for the International Committee of
Body-Psychotherapy. In this 7th
Conference, students and professionals from Brazil, under the coordination of the Brazilian Committee
and the International Scientific
Committee (ISC), welcomed a large
number of representatives from
body-psychotherapy and neuropsychology backgrounds, coming from
South America, Europe and USA.
The congress had main sessions,
round-tables, the traditional workshops and the relevant discussion
groups organized by our dear colleague Jerome Liss and a group of
young Brazilian leaders Piatã Stoklos
Kignel and Mariana Camarote.
One of the achievements of the congress was that we brought together
several projects that are being done
in Brazil and abroad in the social
area, focusing on how the psychotherapist acts outside the clinic.
On the Scientific side of the
Congress the great achievement was
to make contact with the Reichian
and Neo Reichian concepts and
those of neuro-psychology.
One of the memorable dialogues
was with Dr. Edward Tronick from
Harvard University. He started his
studies in neuro-psychology and
then became interested in body-psychotherapy. In part of his research,
he notes that in the empirical knowledge of our work there are connections and analogies to his own
research on communication between
mother/babies, and how much benefit we get from this interaction.
The congress brought together many
different professionals and streams
of (body)psychotherapy aided by the
use of the internet, which had an
important place in this meeting. This
also happened in a spontaneous
way from the beginning to the end.
The horizontality with which both
speakers and participants
exchanged information and experiences, challenged hierarchies and
formalities in a very positive way.
Body-psychotherapy, as was presented at this event, has in fact a
strong social-political side. As I wanted to stress as the organiser, the
body is closer to social rather than
psychoanalytical knowledge, which
tends to be more elite.
page 26 EABP N E W S L E T T E R
2006
SPRING
Understanding the body puts feet on
the floor and sends us to the very
essence of being human. Nowadays
when we see so much misery and
lack of effective social and political
action, we feel touched in our
essence, because we all want to live
in a better world. This unifies professional desires with essential human
desires. In this way, the social work
of body-psychotherapists rewards us
through the pleasure of having a
conscience and being able to offer
something positive to society, which
originates from human capital and
not financial capital.
We had 850 participants, - 180 from
Mexico, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina,
USA, Italy, Spain, France, Norway,
Denmark, Greece, Japan. There was
some difficulty with the roundtable
translations, because it was impossible to have translations in all the 126
roundtables and workshops.
However participants helped each
other in a great web partnership,
once again giving substance to the
congress. We must comment on the
wonderful participation of the 50
monitors and 60 facilitators, who regulated the discussion groups. They
helped make information available to
all who were present. This created a
place of exchange, very much
praised by most people.
The next congress will be in France
under the presidency of François
Lewin and we will support the event
so that we can keep on with the
same quality of work and exchange.
The active participation of both the
Brazilian Association of
Psychotherapy and the Brazilian
Council of Psychology was also very
important in giving strong and necessary support to the Conference.
I could continue to share more here,
naming many important people who
supported and lectured at the conference, but that would make a much
longer text, so I only wish to thank all
the members of the International and
Brazilian committees, all professional
friends and colleagues and all other
associations that supported us: also
all the International Scientific committee members and the new members,
François Lewin and Genovino Ferri:
also all members of the Scientific
Brazilian Committee and the organizational committee, friends from
EABP, WCP and many schools of
body-psychotherapy from Brazil and
Ja, ich bestelle direkt von der DGK/Zentrum für Integrative
Körpertherapie und Humanistische Psychologie e.V. : __ Exemplare
Marlock/Weiss (Herausgeber)
Handbuch der Körperpsychotherapie
Ca. 119,- Euro/180,- CHF
ISBN 3-7945-2473-X
_______________________________________________________________
Name/Vorname
DGK/EABP Mitgliednummer
_______________________________________________________________
Strasse
_______________________________________________________________
PLZ/Ort
_______________________________________________________________
Telefon/Email
_______________________________________________________________
Datum/Unterschrift
Ruckgaberecht innerhalb von 14 Tagen. Portopauschale 2,50 EURO
abroad. You can still see many of
them on our website along with a lot
of other material (www.cipc2005.org).
Lastly I would like to mention many
colleagues who were there in a very
supportive way: Maurizio Stupiggio,
Ilse Schmidt-Zimmermann, Halko
Weiss, Bjørn Ødegaard, Jerome Liss,
Lisbeth Marcher, Joop Valstar, Rita
Liss, Stephen Johnson, Liane Zink,
Suely Freitas, Edson Galrão, Antonio
Carlos Godoy, José Angelo Gaiarsa,
José Cotta, Heloísa Daldin Negrão
and many others.
Rubens KigneL
Das „Handbuch der Körperpsychotherapie“
ist für Mitglieder der DGK/EABP direkt über die
DGK oder über das Zentrum für Integrative
Körpertherapie und Humanistische Psychologie
e.V. mit 30 % Rabatt zu beziehen.
Zentrum für Integrative Körpertherapie
und Humanistische Psychologie e.V.
Bachmannstraße 2 – 4, 60488 Frankfurt am Main
Mail: zenkoerpsych@t-online.de
Sekretariat der DGK:
Axel Schulz, Lange Geismarstraße 71, 37073
Göttingen
Telefon: 05 51-48 55 80 (Dienstags, 18 – 20 Uhr)
Mail: sekretariat@koerperpsychotherapie-dgk.de
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 27
EABP
Congress
2006
Denmark
have been aiming to bring in some
lesser-known voices as well as the
many experts who have participated
in the past.
Your Congress
Your Congress Planning Committee
(CPC) of eight members has been
meeting regularly and enthusiastically over the last months. As many of
the members are from Scandinavia
we have met in the Bodynamic
Institute premises in Copenhagen
and have had regular telephone conference calls in between.
At the moment we are working on
discussion panels of which there will
be at least four.
o Children and bodypsychotherapy
o Medication and bodypsycho-therapy
o Work and stress
o Survival in crisis
We are also considering other possibilities including a presentation
and/or panel on current research in
EABP.
We have talked extensively about the
choice of panels - so that they can
develop the keynote themes of the
congress. We are confident that our
panel topics will further the inner
EABP dialogue as well as reaching
out to resources beyond.
Choosing panel speakers has been a
stimulating and creative challenge,
as we have discovered a wealth of
expertise and willing speakers from
within the EABP ranks. We would like
to thank the many of you who have
offered to participate. We are trying
to offer a place to as many as possible and at the same time we are torn
between that and choosing specific
people for specific topics. We are
hoping that the Congress numbers
will swell so that we can organize
some extra panels and get more of
you to share your work on specific
topics.
In the meantime, just to share with
you where we are going with this, we
page 28 EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
Our budget is aimed at a break-even
point of 200 full price places.
However we want to see at least 250
people so that there are more opportunities for panels and workshops,
and to give more opportunities for
professional dialogue.
We would also like to pass on a profit to the EABP to assist in the future
work of a professional association
that is multi-national, language diverse (which means more translation
costs) and has an important role to
play in the politics of an ever more
complex world).
By enrolling for the congress you
support your professional development and the work of EABP!
There has been a lot of focus in the
CPC about making the Congress
available to students, people from
countries with a lower than average
income and also to members from
the Southern European countries.
This strategy has been largely successful. Many students are coming in
from Scandinavia, the Netherlands
and Germany. People have registered from Russia, Serbia, Croatia and
South America. We encourage those
of you in France, Spain and Italy to
join us. We are doing our best to
make this your Congress also.
Recently the EABP Board has been
encouraging a language policy of
diversity, which is inclusive rather
than being confined to English. With
this in mind simultaneous translation
to German, and French (or Italian or
Spanish) will be available for the keynote speakers and panels. We will
decide which language nearer the
time of the congress, depending on
where the greatest need is among
people attending. With the help of
the workshop organizers themselves
and EABP members and students we
are aiming to supply informal translation for the workshops. Let us know if
you are willing to help with this.
We extended the deadline for work-
2006
shop applications until the 18th April
- Easter Monday - to give EABP
members extra time to get their proposals in. By 1 April however we had
already had 30 proposals and we
had a first attendance list of around
100 people. A good sign so early on.
It promises well.
If we haven't mentioned anything
about the 'fun' we are planning for
you that is not because we haven't
thought about it. Those of you who
have been around since the beginning of EABP, often talk about the fun
in past EABP Congresses and many
of you say that what you like about
these Congresses is meeting and
talking with your colleagues from
other countries. (Of course only you
can do this talking so register soon!)
And in the next CPC meetings we will
talk further about how to keep you
entertained in those moments when
you are not talking.
One thing we can say already - this
is the 10th EABP Congress and we
are seeing it as an Anniversary. While
looking towards the future, we will
remember the past of the EABP and
honour those who founded it, kept it
going and are still in there working
for the acceptance of body-psychotherapy in Europe. If you were at any
of the past conferences and have
photos please send us some copies
- either through the post or electronically. We would like to create a pictorial history of the EABP past.
We are working hard to create a
fresh and exhilarating experience for
you all. However the 'bottom line' is
bums on seats - (excuse the pun) so if you haven't already booked, do
so before the next deadline June 1st
when prices are cheaper.
This is your congress - come and
enjoy it!
Sean Doherty for the CPC
PS. We encourage you to register
soon to make the best use of discounts. You can do so online
through www.eabp.org
Keynote Speakers
Joachim Bauer
George Downing
Lisbeth Marcher
Gustl Marlock
Kenneth Purvis
Kerstin Uvnas-Moberg
Workshops
The Role of the Body in Trauma Work
and EMDR Morit Heitzler
Bioenergetic Work with Pairs
Jorg Clauer & Vita Heinrich-Clauer
The embodied therapist. Reflections
from neuroscience and intersubjectivity Gertrude Rapinett
The Borderline Experience - a
Somatic Perspective Tom Warnecke
Coping with transitions
Merete
Brantbjerg
Pleasure and direction Integrating
ressources from different developmental phases Merete Brantbjerg
Introjective Imagery Ebba Boyesen
Prevention of Early Disturbances
Mona Lisa Boyesen
Love sexuality and tenderness: The
B.P. Therapy resources in infertile
couples Fabio Carbonari
Thanatotherapy: The Resources of
the back side of life Vladimir
Baskakov
The bodily presentation of significant
roles on the psychodrama stage Lars
Tauvon
Using the four qualities of life in treastment of sexual diseases Enver
Cesko
Heart and brainwave resonance in
psychotherapy and meditation
Marianne Bentzen
Sexual identity, gender roles and
brain development from 0-5 years
Marianne Bentzen
Body Cognition: Body, Information
processing and Consciousness
Bo Ahrenfelt
Touch, Biodynamic Massage, Sexual
and Physical Abuse Workshop Elya
Steinberg
Intention Quest Siegmar Gerken
Core Evolution and Infrared Analysis
Siegmar Gerkin
Pre and post congress
workshops
There are four excellent workshops
lasting six to eight hours.
Cost 80 euro if you are attending the
Congress, and 120 euro without
Congress participation.
Register when you register for the
Congress or contact the Congress
organiser.
Pre-congress workshops
- Life Energy Process and the resonant body with Dr. Stèphano Sabetti
- Integral Bodypsychotherapy with
Andreas Wehowsky
Post-congress workshops
- A Taste of Peak and Shock with Erik
Jarlnaes and Bodynamic colleagues
- Love, Sexuality and Relationship
with Siegmar Gerkin
Travel
Check out www.sterlingticket.com for
cheap flights to Billund (from Paris
and Gatwick) and from various countries to Copenhagen. They have just
launched 5000 tickets on to the market and and there are some available
on the Congress days. Get in fast.
You can save 75 DKK if you book
through the internet.
The following workshops will be
given during the congress.
Flow Unfreezing Shock Trauma
Josette van Luytelaar
From Intellectual Understanding to
Embodied Comprehension Treatment of Psychosomatic
Disorders in Bioenergetic Analysis
Jorg Clauer
Check the flow!
Supervision/coaching and the wisdom of body psychotherapy
Sibylla Huerta Krefft
Mindfulness Revisited. The contribution of body psychotherapy to mindfulness-based approaches Halko
Weiss
The Potential and the Pathologies of
Character Structure Theory
Michael Soth
Supervision from an integral-relational
perspective - a live demonstration
Michael Soth
Askov Highschool
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 29
* Freeing the feelings by freeing the
voice. Opening the oral segment in
body-psychotherapy - by Thea M.
Mertz after a concept of Kristin
Linklater
* Unborn Children – Their Traumas
and The Consequences by Geoffrey
Whitfield
* C.G. Jung: The body and body-psychotherapy by Robert C. Ware
Journals
Publications
DVD
Websites
Body, Dance and Movement in
Psychotherapy
Editor: Dr Helen Payne
bmpd@herts.ac.uk
Published by Routledge: Taylor and
Francis: Ordering information
www.bmdpjournal.net
JOURNALS
USABP Body Psychotherapy
Journal
Editor: Jacqueline Carleton
jacarleton@aol.com
You can order copies and get a subscription from the USABP website.
www.usabp.org
ENERGY & CHARACTER
Editors: Esther Frankel and Milton
Correa
esther.frankel@pobox.com
mncorrea@terra.com.br
You can order copies and get a
subscription from them or by
Fax: +55-21-25235617
The European Journal of
Bioenergetic Analysis and
Psychotherapy
Editor: Regina Axt
axtmr@knmg.nl
You can order copies and pay for a
subscription through the Journal
website. It has abstracts of the articles in several languages, though the
full articles are in English. Ask for the
‘special’ June price as an EABP
member.
www.bioenergetic-journal.net
Articles include:
* Affective relationships and bodily
processes in the person's development. The contribution of
Bioenergetic Analysis as a somatic,
relational therapy by Gabriella Buti
Zaccagnini
* Some Developmental Aspects of
Body and Identity. Analytic-Imaginary
Body-Psychotherapy by Jörg Clauer
* The Importance of Relationships in
Bioenergetic Analysis by Robert
Hilton
* The Importance of Bioenergetic
Contact in the Mother-Infant
Relationship for Prevention of
Pathology and Promotion of Health
by Silja Wendelstadt
page 30 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
Vol 1: no 1: March 2006
Editorial: - Tracking the web of interconnectivity: Helen Payne.
Articles: - One hundred and fifty years
on: The history, significance and
scope of body psychotherapy today:
Courtenay Young.
- Somatic soulmates: Laura Hope
Steckler.
- What therapeutic hope for a subjective mind in an objectified body?
Michael Soth.
- Structure and counter-transference
in authentic movement from a
Reichian analytic perspective: Silvana
Bragante.
- When psyche meets soma: The
question of incarnation: Beverky
Zabriskie.
Revolving doorway: Jeni Boyd. Emotion in motion: Jill Hayes.
New Body-Psychotherapy
PUBLICATIONS
Information and reviews on the following body-psychotherapy books
are included on the EABP Website:
www.eabp.org
Totton, Nick (ed) (2005)
New Dimensions in Body
Psychotherapy
McGraw-Hill, Open
University New
Contributors: JeanClaude Audergon,
Katya Bloom, Roz
Carroll, Emilie
Conrad, Ruella
Frank, Linda Hartley,
Gottfried Heuer,
Peter Levine, Yorai
Sella, Michael Soth,
Nick Totton, David Tune.
Website: www.mcgraw-hill.co.uk
Tel: +44 (0) 1628 502500
Brown, Malcolm A. (2005)
Primordial Regression And
Fulfilling Sex:
An Autobiographical Account
The book describes one man’s sufferings from dissatisfying sexuality
and one couple’s discovery of the
primordial pradise of hermaphroditic
fusion between two separate embodied souls.
www.authorhouse.co.uk
www.amazon.co.uk
Tel: +1-888.280.7715
Weiss, Halko &
Marlock, Gustl
(ed) (2006)
THE EABP BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF BODY-PSYCHOTHERAPY
on CD-ROM
A new edition of this wonderful
research database is coming out in
Autumn 2006
with over 3500 entries.
EABP Members will get this free,
after the Congress in Askov.
Cost to non-members 25 euro
(or 15 euro if they have the 1st edition and can answer a simple question on it).
eabpsecretariat@planet.nl
2006
Handbuch der
Körperpsychotherapie
Schattauer
Greene, Elliot & GoodrichDunn, Barbara (2004)
The Psychology of the Body
LWW Massage Therapy &
Bodywork
Educational Series
Miller, Alice (2006)
The Body Never Lies: The lingering effect of cruel parenting
Norton & Co
Hartley, Linda (2004)
Somatic Psychology: Mind and
Meaning
Boyesen, Gerda & Bergolz
DVD
(2004)
Dein Bauch ist klüger als du!
Whurr
Aposhyan, Susan (2004)
Body-Mind Psychotherapy:
Principles, techniques and
practical applications
The Psychophysiology of
Compassion, Fatigue and
Vicarious Trauma
(WW Norton, 2006)
Danse et / Dance and
Body Mind Centering
Help for the Helper:
Norton & Co
Marcher, Lisbeth
Kinesthetic Learning
This is a 20 minutes DVD showing
Macnaughton, Ian (ed.) (2004)
Body, Breath, &
Consciousness: A somatic
anthology
North Atlantic Books
Jesús Mañas Montero
Publicaciones Orgón de la Es.Te.R.
Valencia, 2004
Autorregulación y
Autogobierno
Abrazo entre psicología y educación
W. Reich y A. S. Neill son ejemplo
how kindergarten teachers are helping children to develop motor and
cognitive-behavioral skills - through
attracting attention, directing attention, creating space, keeping space
and breaking space. This DVD is
from a recent research project that
Lisbeth Marcher took part in.
Contact: bodynamic@bodynamic.dk
Atelier avec / Workshop with
Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen
The Russian Body-Oriented
Psychotherapy In Personalities
This is a collection of articles on
Family Systems, Self-Psychology,
The Bodynamics Model of Somatic
Developmental Psychology, Shock
Trauma and Breathwork
(in Russian)
Edited by V.Y.Baskakov,
IOI Publishing House,
Moscow,
ISBN 5-88230-184-X
208 pages (13 articles) 3rd edition.
Resources in Coping with
Shock Pathway to a resource-orient-
Klisic, Ljiljana
ed perspective on shock by
Bodynamic Psychotherapists Merete
Holm Brantbjerg, Ditte Marcher and
Marianne Kristiansen
BodyPsychotherapy:
To orgasm and
beyond
The book presents a new development of practical methods and thinking behind the Bodynamic system's
Schock Trauma Therapy - developed
from 1999-2004.
Lubrano-Kotoula, Clorinda and
Komi, Marilena
The group, the body and
psychotherapy (in Greek)
(2004)
3rd ed. UTPJ,
Beograd
(in Serbo-Croat)
PSYCHOANALYTISCHE PERSPECTIEVEN 2005, vol 23, n° 2
For contents and abstracts, see:
http://www.psychoanalytischeperspectieven.be
Do you know of any more BodyPsychotherapy books in your language? Please send details to the
EABP Secretariat.
Please also write reviews of these
books in your own (non-English)
language and we will post them on
the EABP website. You can often
get review copies from the publisher, if you say you want to write a
review, especially for people in
your country, and you can order
(nearly all of) them easily from
Amazon.
DVD inédit de l'atelier et de la conférence donnés par Bonnie
Bainbridge Cohen, pendant le weekend de formation à Bruxelles, en mai
2004.
DVD of the workshop and the conference given by Bonnie Bainbridge
Cohen, during the weekend of formation in Brussels, in May 2004.
DVD Billingue Français-Anglais / DVD
Bilingual French-English
Prix / Price : 25 euro
Plus d'infos / More informations:
www.contredanse.org/
WEBSITE
Roberts, Thomas
The Body Speaks: Are We
Listening?
Article in JAAIM-Online
The online journal for the American
Association of Integrative Medicine
www.aaimedicine.com/jaaim/june05/r
oberts-bodyspeaks.php
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006 - page 31
REVIEWS and SYNOPSIS OF
OTHER BOOKS
Body of Awareness: A somatic
and developmental approach to
psychotherapy.
Ruella Frank
(2001) ISBN: 0-88163-347-X, New
York, Gestalt Press: pp. 246
Synopsis: This work explores the formation of infant movement experience and its manifest influence upon
the later adult. It shows how the
organizing principles in early development are functionally equivalent to
those of the adult and shows how
movement plays a critical role in a
developing self-awareness for the
infant and in maintaining a healthy
self throughout life. In addition, a
variety of case studies shows how
developmental movement patterns
are part of the moment-to-moment
process of the adult client and how
to bring these patterns to awareness
within therapy. The client's emerging
patterns of breathing, gesture, posture and gait are understood from a
developmental framework and
attended to within the perspective of
this somatic and developmental
approach. The case studies convey
how, through a variety of experiments, our movement patterns can
be subtly altered to enrich rather
than inhibit our current functioning.
Review: I do not recommend that
people buy this book, because at
about £23.50 (36 euro), whilst it is a
very nice restatement of some of
Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen's work and
includes a good case study, Annie's
Story, you will find much better, and
much cheaper, in Susan Aposhyan's
new book, Body Oriented
Psychotherapy, which is also written
by someone who really knows their
body psychotherapy stuff (there is an
extensive review on the EABP website). Still it is very nice to see
another book about the body coming out of mainstream Gestalt
writings: I would remind you all of
Jim Kepner's excellent 1988 book,
"Body Process”: Working with the
Body in Psychotherapy".
Incidentally, he has recently written
another book: "Healing Tasks: Adult
Survivors of Childhood Sexual
Abuse". Another interesting recent
book for the more technically minded is:
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The Brain and the Inner World:
An Introduction to the
Neuroscience of Subjective
Experience
Mark Solms and Oliver Turnbull
(2003) ISBN: 1590510178, Other
Press, pp. 342
Synopsis:
This book is an eagerly-awaited
account of a momentous revolution.
Subjective mental states like consciousness, emotion, and dreaming
were once confined to the realm of
philosophy, psychoanalysis, and the
human sciences. These topics now
assume centre stage in leading neuroscientific laboratories around the
world. This shift has produced an
explosion of new insights into the
natural laws that govern our inner
life. By two pioneers in the field, (this
book) guides us through the exciting
new discoveries, showing how old
psychodynamic concepts are being
forged into a scientific framework for
understanding subjective experience.
It is not that the mind is reduced to
neurobiology. Rather, thanks to neurobiology, we are free to believe in
the power of the mind. The neurosciences will soon be able to argue
with Plato, Descartes, James, Freud,
and Lacan about the mysterious connections between emotions, experience, will, reason, and creativity.
Whilst it is undoubtedly relevant to
much of our work, it would be nice if
someone else were to review this
book from a body psychotherapy
perspective. Finally, as regards book
reviews, let me draw your attention
to the massive set of 3 works on
Affect Regulation by Allan Schore.
These are well reviewed and discussed from a body psychotherapy
perspective by David Boadella in the
latest edition of Energy & Character,
Vol 34, Sept 2005.
Successful therapists focus on
their clients' strengths
Gassman, D. & Grawe, K. (2006).
General change mechanisms: The
relation between problem activation
and resource activation in successful
and unsuccessful therapeutic interactions. Clinical Psychology and
Psychotherapy, 13, 1-11.
Abstract weblink:
http:/tinyurl.com/dgjsb
Author obituary:
http://tinyurl.com/8tard
2006
Research is increasingly showing
that the success of therapy depends
not on the theoretical orientation of
the therapist, but on key therapeutic
processes that cross theoretical
boundaries.
Two such processes are 'problem
activation' - helping the client to face
up to their problems, and 'resource
activation' - reminding the client of
their strengths, abilities and available
support.
In a new study, Daniel Gassmann
and the late Klaus Grawe have
shown that for therapy to be successful, simply using these mechanisms is not enough; rather, success
depends on how and when the
mechanisms are brought into play.
Gassman and Grawe's research
team studied videos of 120 therapy
sessions conducted with 30 clients
who had a range of psychological
problems. The success of each
therapy session had also been
reported by the clients and therapists
on a session-by-session basis.
From minute-by-minute analysis of
the sessions, the researchers found
that unsuccessful therapists tended
to focus on their clients' problems,
but neglected to focus on their
strengths. Moreover, when the
unsuccessful therapists did focus on
their clients' strengths, they tended
to do so at the end of a therapy session, too late to have a positive
effect. Successful therapists, by contrast, focused on their clients'
strengths from the very start of a
therapy session, before moving onto
dealing with their problems. "They
created an environment in which the
patient felt he was perceived as a
well functioning person", the
researchers said. "As soon as this
was established, productive work on
the patient's problems was more likely". Successful therapists also made
sure they ended sessions by returning to their clients' strengths.
The researchers concluded that a
prerequisite for successfully dealing
with a patient's problems is to remind
them of their strengths and available
support. "The therapist can achieve
this not only by establishing a good
therapeutic bond", they said, "but
also by focussing more explicitly on
the healthy parts of the patient's
personality".
Work on interpersonal relationships: group dynamics, relationship with the family and school.
Articles
A REICHIAN PSYCHOTHERAPY
GROUP FOR ADOLESCENTS
Is a preventive work on neurosis
possible during puberty?
by Clorinda Lubrano-Kotula
As a Reichian psychotherapist, both at the W. Reich Centre
in Naples from 1971 to 1977 and at the W. Reich Centre in
Athens, founded in 1980, I have always been interested in
utilizing therapeutic means for the prevention of neurosis.
As we all know, this had always been present in Reich's
mind and projects. Another principle that has always remained present in my psychotherapeutic work is never to isolate psychological discomfort from the environmental conditions within which it is being developed. It is important to
know the situation as well as possible - the conditions of
the family, the school, and all the structures of the social
reality within which I am operating.
The group for pregnant women and the group for adolescents are both taking place in the Athens Reich Center.
At first, our research has been directed to practical work
with a group of adolescents, so that our aim has been to
utilize it, as a proposal for intervention.
In this article, I refer in detail to the work that has been
done, the difficulties that I have faced, and the questions
that have arisen.
The adolescent group consisted of boys and girls aged 14
to 15 years old, two 11 year old pre-adolescents and some
girls aged 16 to 17 years old.
The work aimed to facilitate the awareness of the bodycondition, of the emotional-sentimental condition and of the
relationships with others.
BRIEF WORK-MODEL OF A GROUP
Work with the body:
1. Improving body posture
2. Awareness of physical tensions
3. Relaxation of tensions
4. Discharge of tensions
5. Body-contact: with oneself, the others and the
environment
6. Discovery of the expressive potential of the
body
Work with the emotions: fears, aggressiveness, acceptance, rejection of oneself, insecurity, depression, tendency to
escape from reality.
The first goal of the group was to intervene on the many
body postures that an adolescent acquires during this
phase of quick growth. Very often adolescent girls hunch
their shoulders forward in an attempt to hide a newly developed pair of breasts of which they are ashamed, or with
which they haven't yet developed any familiarity.
Other adolescents walk with their heads bowed in order to
check if their shoes and trousers are tidy or in order, out of
fear of being ridiculed. Others make awkward, controlled
gestures with their hands, their legs, their torso, which
express their uncomfortable feelings about being in a new
body with more hair and curves or angles. A leg that has
grown too long cannot easily have good contact with the
ground.
For body posture, we used bioenergetics exercises and
particularly grounding to help adolescents feel the correct
position of their feet in relation to the ground, so that the
body is well supported by the legs, at the same time achieving the relaxation of the abdominal muscles and the pelvis. Several other exercises support and comple this work
in every session.
Awareness of tension is developed, by doing breathing
exercises while lying down, sitting, or in the grounding
position.The adolescents detect the areas of their bodies
that are tense: the eyes, the arms, the throat, the neck, the
abdomen, the face, the waist, the pelvis, the legs.
Then they work with relaxing these tensions by first exaggerating them through tightening and contracting so as to
relax afterwards by letting the muscles go in an instant. We
do exercises for relaxation, and we work on many zones of
the body with vegetotherapy.
To facilitate discharge of tension we achieve a release by
shouting, kicking, hitting and punching the mats, throwing
cushions at each other and pushing.
As far as the fifth part - contact with ourselves - is concerned, we try to achieve an integration of sensations and
feelings. For example, we ask the adolescents to become
aware of their facial tensions, to feel them as a mask and to
try to change expression by moving their facial muscles. In
addition, adolescents express several emotions with their
face, feeling the difference in the position of the muscles
and observing the change on another's face.
Contact with others is achieved through, seeing, touching
and smelling. They sit opposite each other, in pairs, and
gaze into each other's eyes, either directly or alternating
with gazing into the infinite. The whole group sits in a circle
and they move their eyes around trying to come into contact with the others. They also massage each other's head,
neck and back or they lie down with their head being held
by someone else’s hands (in an exercise dealing with trust
and faith), perhaps with their eyes closed so that they
abandon their arms to the other person’s hands.
Exercises with voice, consist in letting sound come out, imitating animal sounds, shouting their own “Yes” or “No”,
and expressing it with all their body, standing in front of the
other person.
To develop contact with the environment, some of the following exercises are used. With open eyes we look at everything in the room. Then we close our eyes and look inside
ourselves, and finally open them and confirm our ability to
have contact with objects around us. With eyes closed we
listen to the sounds, coming from inside and outside of the
room. With our eyes closed, we walk around the room,
touch the walls and the people and let our sensations and
EABP N E W S L E T T E R
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emotions free.
Expression of the body is sought through free movement
that is executed to the sound of gentle music; movement
that is born gradually as a personal expression of the adolescents, also moving their head, their eyes, their mouth
their fingers. Ecological music with pure sound is alternated with dreamy music and Indian music. For more rigorous movement, we use African music, or music from the
Andes.
Standing, with our eyes closed, under dim lighting, we let
the body find its own rhythm. We also try to create music
with wooden instruments, or wood and leather drums.
Some reflections on this work
There are some practical difficulties related to the work.
Some adolescents, particularly boys, are unwilling to take
off their shoes, and in particular two of them would not do
so, even until the last group session.
The exercises that we use and the atmosphere in which the
group is conducted require bodies free of restrictions and
shame. When we do interpersonal exercises in couples, if
these consist of two boys, or a boy and a girl, there is usually great difficulty in touching each other. They may feel
very uncomfortable massaging each other's head, gently or
softly touching with their fingertips, particularly if they mess
up each other's hair. In such cases we get in touch with
strong resistance, in the form of laughter and giggling,
each time they get the chance to let themselves go in a
state of relaxation or making real contact with the other.
They get very easily bored even by the shortest exercise.
In general their bodies have rigid tension in the chest, in
the temples and particularly in the jaws; their hands are
cold and sweating.
I will now give some examples of emotional work that is
done. The following example is characteristic. Sitting, or
lying down, with your eyes closed, bring into your mind a
dream that has frightened you, see all the details again and
particularly the colors. Open your eyes, take a large sheet
of white paper and draw your dream with the finger paints
provided.
The children unexpectedly see past emotions and sensations materializing on the paper, and they revive past experiences, like those they had in their childhood when they
used to mess with paints, something that they are doing
today without guilt or fear of being scolded.
Following that, if they feel like doing so, they show their
painting, narrate their dream, express their own feelings
regarding their painting, and hear the impressions of the
other members of the group.
In the end, the dream paintings are thrown into a metal
basket, and are set on fire and they dance around the fire
to the sound of drums, letting out screams and sounds,
thus exorcising their fears.
When finally, impressions are verbalized, with the adolescents sitting around in a circle, the feeling of relief and liberation from fears is evident.
Another example is the following: With eyes closed, lying
down, the adolescents visualize the face of a person that
disturbs them, a bad face. They turn these images into
paper masks, which they paint, put on their faces and go
around the room, expressing themselves and reacting with
sounds to the “bad” masks they meet come accross.
In the end, they take off their masks and look at them to
check if they are still afraid. The painted masks express
irony, depression, sadness, abandonment, poverty, racism
and discrimination.
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To externalize aggressive emotions we specifically use animal masks, which in work with couples, allows adolescents
to scream at each other with all their aggression, without
feeling guilty.
Dramatization of fairy tales, in which each person chooses
a role and performs it, getting deeply into it, is another way
to work with emotions.
Regarding group dynamics, some Gestalt exercises bring
the most desirable results. A boy that was complaining
about the others, was asked to go around the group, stand
in front of each member staring them in the eyes, having
contact with his own emotions and telling the other person
what he was annoyed by in him or her, and what he would
like to get from him or her.
The exercise “It's all your fault” is done with the adolescents sitting opposite each other in pairs, staring at, and
blaming each other for all their problems that are related to
their past, or for all their unfulfilled past expectations. This
exercise makes it possible to realize the projections that
take place in a friendly relationship.
A girl who used to get in situations of dependency or had
the tendency to create symbiotic relations was asked to do
the exercise “I am me, and you are you”, in which one defines oneself physically, emotionally and mentally, with the
other person. In a wa this obliged her to define the differences between her personality and the personality of others.
Working on emotions, and relationships with others, and
through verbalization, we generally try to detect when,
where and why every adolescent undertakes a role, the
way in which he experiences this role (with satisfaction,
with a feeling of carrying a weight, or as a condition which
limits one's personal potential). In the end, we work on
those things that each person in the group could do to get
liberated from their own role, or to experiment with other
roles.
As opposed to body work, work with emotions proves to
be much easier especially with girls who express themselves verbally more easily than boys and seem to prefer
speech to bodily expression. Boys are more laconic and try
to give descriptions that are more impersonal and lack
emotional tone. Only one of the boys, whom we have already mentioned, spoke with a voice expressing emotion. In
psychodrama, boys are more passive than girls, to which
they gladly leave all the initiative in choosing the roles, in
interpreting and in creating the atmosphere.
Work becomes really very subtle when it concerns selfacceptance either on the physical or on the emotional
plane. During one group session we asked the adolescents
to write down fifteen personal traits they accepted and fifteen others they rejected. They immediately recorded the
fifteen traits they rejected about themselves, whereas it
took them five times as long to define what was good.
Adolescents can achieve awareness of the contradictory
emotions within them: “I am basically melancholic but I
don't show it, I just show that I am pleased and happy”, or
“Now I feel sweet - now I feel angry”, or even “I feel love for
a friend, but I can't express it, I feel imprisoned and I feel
my head boiling with my thoughts”.
The tendency for an ideal, expressed by the adolescents is
interpreted as a rejection of gest, lies, irony, manipulation,
exploitation, poverty, discrimination (racism), and as a need
for love, friendship, hope, sincerity and finally as the sublimation of some people (teachers, relatives, uncles, cousins
and not as much their parents).
It is quite clear to me that when working with adolescents
we shouldn't allow a crisis to develop with their family,
because they are not independent yet; they are not in a
position to support themselves; they have not yet completed the process of differentiating themselves from their
parents and are not aware of their own identity.
Neither should we cause a crisis with their school and their
teachers, although we can help them see what possibilities
there are for development and how they can find a social
framework in which they can be active and not just passive
members.
From the very beginning of this work I have considered the
group of adolescents more as a self-awareness group, than
as a proper therapeutic group, because the adolescents with the exemption of a girl that was at the same time
undergoing individual therapy, due to her problems of dyslexia - were young people who had never really presented
any substantial psychological disorders. Nevertheless
during the group's evolution, certain discomforts that some
of them had from before, were revealed.
with the body, it takes a lot of patience, since they are the
product of a society that keeps them immobile at their
desks, in classrooms, in front of the TV, the video or the
computer. Or, on the other hand, makes them move altogether to the cd under the same rhythm, without any personal expression, or even on the football fields!
They are products of a society that dresses them all in the
same way, remarking through their external depersonalization the tendency of the adolescents to imitate their companions, and doesn't help them in the process of differentiating themselves from others.
In my opinion, a flexible Reichian therapy, open to all the
methodologies that are offering means of expression especially physical - can help adolescents to develop less
neurotically, or at least to become aware of the actual limitations that characterize their lives on all the various levels
about which we have spoken.
One of the girls was so sensitive that with every little bit of
emotion she shed rivers of tears. As soon as she tried to
breathe more deeply the same girl felt a weight on her
chest which went away only if she managed to yawn or cry.
Another girl repeated continually that she felt her friends
didn't love her as much as she loved them, and that when
she needed support, she never found them helpful.
Another one stated that such a thing as real friends didn't
exist, that she had never had friends, so she had always
been alone.
During a group session, a teenage boy went through a
severe crisis, presenting breathing disorders, a state of
panic, lack of visual contact with reality, even tetania. The
same boy stated, during that session and subsequent
ones, that there was no solidarity in his class, that the girls
were all tell-tales and gossiped all the time and that they
were saying things about him that made him seem like a
weirdo. He said that they had let his parents and teachers
know that during a festival he had smoked and drunk wine.
In fact, after a conversation it came out that he hadn't done
this mischief alone, but together with a friend of his, with
whom he was together both at school and in the group.
But because his friend was a very good and studious student, the latter was forgiven for the same things that were
threatening the former with becoming marginalized.
For this reason, in adolescent groups, we work on group
dynamics, on their relationships with their family, and their
school. In this case the adolescents draw and paint
together on a large piece of paper, with each of them starting in their own space, and then continuing on the other's
drawing and so on, all in a spontaneous atmosphere of collaboration, respect and joy. The final picture is undoubtedly
the contrary of what usually goes on in a school, or within a
family.
I would like to conclude, by answering the question that I
put as a theme of this article, with a thought that is crossing
my mind in almost every session: it is too late to talk about
prevention of neurosis in puberty. Characters have already
been formed, all teenagers have their own defenses that
make them react in a stereotypical way. They are as they
are and not different because their families want them so
and their defenses help them keep the family situation in
“balance”. Perhaps the last and only path, still remaining
open, is the one of the body, since the body is still in evolution.
Yet, in order to make it possible for adolescents to work
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PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND
CHARACTER-ANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY
by Xavier Serrano Hortelano
This article was recently published in the journal of thel
Colegio de Psicólogos de Valencia (College of
Psychologists of Valencia).
ABSTRACT
Using as main reference T. Millon's theory and its similarities with the Psychodynamic and Character theory, the author exposes the psychosocial and ecological viewpoint of
the post-reichian model about emotional suffering and of
the so-called “personality disorders”.
T. Millon and personality disorders
In the first pages of his book “Disorders of Personality:
DSM-IV and Beyond”, T. Millon clearly states that this concept is nowadays tangibly present in psychopathologic
nosology, and that it modifies clinical perspective: “Indeed,
for the revised multiaxial format to be applied, the set of
symptoms should not be evaluated as a clinical entity
separated from the larger context of the patient, which
includes the way of behaving, meeting people, thinking,
feeling and facing difficulties, i.e. his or her personality”.
(Millon, 1996). Moreover, he clearly explains that personality disorders are not diseases but structural and dynamic
systems without any possibility of “strict division between
normality and pathology” (idem). He adds that they can be
evaluated but not definitively diagnosed and that “personality disorders require combined and strategically designed
modalities of intervention” (idem).
Using these references, he proposes a classification that
seems very original and valuable, for it represents a general attempt to adjust distinct variables. He thus differentiates:
“pleasure-deficient personalities (schizoid, avoidant and
depressive); interpersonally-imbalanced personalities
(dependent, histrionic, narcissistic and antisocial); intrapsychically-conflicted personalities (sadistic, compulsive, negativistic, masochistic) and, lastly, disorders characterised by
structural deficiencies schizotypal, borderline, paranoid and
decompensated)” (idem).
Moreover, besides the rigorous elaboration of the quoted
text, it is extremely revealing and gratifying to note that this
avant-garde author, considered as a leader in his speciality,
bases his work on theoretical and epistemological aspects
already described in the psychodynamic literature going
from S. Freud (1917), his disciple W. Reich (1934) to contemporary authors such as the pyschoanalysts J. Bergeret
(1974) and O. Kernberg (1975), or the post-reichians F.
Navarro (1989) and X. Serrano (1990). In fact, Million continuously mentions some of these authors in his work.
However, they are very rarely mentioned and studied in
Spanish universities of psychology or in masters of psychopathology.
Using these facts as a starting point, I am going to briefly
familiarise the reader with the approach that we post-reichian professionals support. By “post-reichian professionals”, I mean therapists that identify with the clinical model
developed for psychoanalysis more than sixty years ago by
W. Reich, and that he defined as Character-analytic vegeto-
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therapy (later named orgone therapy [ ]). This model has
been strengthened and enhanced by the contributions of
other professionals such as O. Raknes and F. Navarro,
whose work we have continued since. Indeed, they were
the promoters of the “European School of Orgone therapy
(Scuola Europea di orgonoterapia)”, cradle of the structure
I manage, ie the “Spanish School of Reichian Therapy
(Escuela española de Terapia Reichiana, Es.Te.R)”. We currently define our clinical practice as “character-analytic psychotherapy”, for we have been applying Reich's theory to
other more specific fields (such as brief or focal psychotherapy, Serrano, 1992), which required a more generic definition.
W. Reich: character versus personality
W. Reich defined character as the “armour of the self”
(Reich, 1925). Through these terms, he referred to the clinical fact he had observed on his “psychoanalytic couch”:
the influence of the greatest or lightest family violence
suffered during our childhood inside the family or education systems; and the influence of the level of pathogenic
stress (distress) to which we have been submitted during
the whole process of our psychoaffective maturation since
intrauterine life till adolescence. Indeed, this violence and
stress force our being not only to worm in a psychic space
where these experiences will shelter away from our conscience, and that Freud would call the unconscious, but also
to develop a somatic or neuromuscular behavioural, structural and defensive system that allows and facilitates a
bearable adaptation to the demands of human ecosystems.
This avoidance of suffering (a process that Cannon defined, at a physiological level, as homeostasis) is something
tangible and concrete. It indeed visibly appears in our
behaviour, ie in our character, which coincides with Millon's
above-mentionned definition of “personality”. Moreover, it
also appears in the chronic tensions of our bodies, the
respiratory dysfunction and the neurovegetative dystonia
(headaches, asthenia, constipation, tachycardia...) that
exist, to a certain extent, in everyone of us. Hence W. Reich
considered that normality involved neurosis in this social
system. He thus differentiated “character neurosis” (with its
ego-syntonic, chronified, phallic-narcissist or hysteric,
masochistic, compulsive, behavioural attitudes) from the
rest of the psychopathologies which imply an increased
level of suffering associated with an acute and obvious
symptomatology arising from the functional deficiency of
the armour occuring in a person at a specific time. This
symptomatology is described and developped in handbooks such as the DSM-IV.
The originality of this clinical model lies in the observation
of our difficulty to feel pleasure and live with pleasure. It
also observes the behaviours that every one of us has
more or less been adopting face to the distressing repression and demands coming from the outside, and which
appear in the classification realised by Millon in his book, ie
narcissist, depressive, histrionic, paranoid, dissociated,
dependent, compulsive, sadistic, avoidant behaviours.
Suffering and personality disorders in characteranalytic psychotherapy
Psychic and emotional suffering has therefore a clearly
social aetiology, and can consequently be prevented by
changes in the social and human ecosystems. Let me
repeat that we all have and feel suffering and dissatisfaction in different degrees. However, these feelings may, in
some cases or in determined moments, increase in such a
way that they become obvious due to the “sharpness” of
their symptoms which “irritate” daily relationships. Yet,
these signs actually are moments of crisis that warn us of
the danger of a complete collapse. We should therefore
pay attention to them, as in these moments zones that are
usually silent, but which dramatically determine our daily
reality, get to express themselves.
If the health professional is committed to his job, this point
of view forces him to turn into a social agent when he sees
that, through the “reichian couch” technique, it is possible
to reduce this suffering and to increase the self potentiality
of every one. It therefore indicates that it is also possible to
retrieve, at least partially, our “lost paradise”, by modifying
interrelational dynamics during childhood, adolescence,
and even in our reality of adults. Indeed, behind our armour
lies our potential personality waiting to blossom, for what
we believe to be our personality is merely the internalisation of reality shaped by the armour. This phenomenon was
very well described by Plato in his allegory of “the cave”.
Thus, from the character-analytic perspective, psychic disease, emotional suffering and the subsequent “personality
disorders” possess a fundamentally social aetiology that is
elaborated during the process of maturation and integration
of functions of our specific human structure. Therefore, the
family system, which represents the main ecosystem of this
period in so far as we depend on it to survive, becomes the
principal factor of disease or health. We know very well that
the social system greatly determines the life conditions of
the family system, to the point of being its ecosystem. So,
to understand disease, we have to understand more closely the logic of human systems and its interrelation with vital
ecosystems. This is how the Reichian theory stands in the
New paradigm or “Deep ecology” as F. Capra defined it
(1996), for the knowledge we acquire on the couch helps
us to prevent future pathology by intervening on our ecosystems. This is how we work on prevention, and it is also
a sign of our identity. We continue Reich's work to “help
regain our identity as animals and as human beings”, to
regain instinct, regain the knowledge of the living and develop human ecosystems and systems that facilitate this process. The process of ontogenesis therefore becomes a fundamental component in prevention as well as in clinical
work, as it is their connection. For indeed, in the clinical
system of Character-analytic vegetotherapy - orgone therapy (Navarro, 1983, a, 1989, b), many of the neuromuscular
movements (“actings”) made by the person on the couch
are reproductions of spontaneous muscular movements. In
other words, they are “signals” of maturation and psychosomatic functional integration during certain basic periods
of our child life. This is why acting allows us to have access
to the memories and experiences lived by the person at
that specific time.
Different sorts of pathologising relationships are established in the family system which facilitate the development of
a structure with a constrictive, and therefore degenerative,
autopoiesis (to use a term of H. Maturana in our orgonomic
conception). Through clinical experience, we can understand these relationships through the substitution or blocking of instinctive basic responses during: pregnancy and
birth, which leads to neurohormonal dysfunctions and clinical and traumatic births; the different sexual phases, facilitating the setting of oral ambivalence and/or Oedipus
triangle fixation; adolescence, precluding the possibility of
development of a human structure with an expansive autopoiesis in constant growth, evolution and satisfaction,
which Reich described as Mature or “genital” character (as
used in the Freudian terminology of sexual phases, not in
the literal meaning of the word).
In this sense, it is important to say that if clinical delivery
using forceps or vacuum extractor is a traumatic experience, what really provokes high ocular and diaphragm tension is the loss of contact that can occur between the mother and the baby before, during and after delivery, when it
is not compensated by a maternal attitude of the father.
This leads the foetus to feel distressed, lost and alone in
the “cosmic” void, as the cord is cut from the nourishing
craft. It is well known that the content associated to a traumatic or dysfunctional action, such as the emotional and
energetic impact, and, consequently, the relational factor,
has a greater influence on the aetiopathological level than
the situation in itself. This happens all along the process of
ontogenesis (psychoaffective maturation). It indeed occurs
during pregnancy, birth, and lactation (through the oral
phase). In this last phase, it is crucially important that not
only mother lactation takes place, but also that a loving
relationship be set up inside the family system between the
mother and her baby, and also with the rest of the family
system, and especially with the figure of the father. Indeed,
if there is no third person, the risk of fixation of the baby
and of displacement of perverse affects from the mother to
her baby is very high.
Behind every dysfunction, there is always a relational problem, and therefore a systemic problem, that has not been
compensated. One of the clinical consequences of this
situation is that, to reach the therapeutic goals, a clinical
space is necessary to establish progressively a therapeutic
relationship which will facilitate the psychotherapeutic process. The importance of the framework, or “setting”, rests
on this basis.
Thus we can see that, depending on the particularities of
this process of constrictive ontogenesis, every individual
develops different structural dynamics that are different
than the functional dynamics of mature personality. By
structure, we mean “the embodiment of a pattern of organisation” (Prigogine), following W. Reich's concept of “organismic structure”.
Throughout our experience (Serrano 1990b), we have
observed three types of structures showing not only psychic features (as described by the French analytic school of
Bergeret) but also somatic, emotional, perceptive and existential characteristics: the neurotic character structure (fundamentally characterised by the pathogenic Oedipus
triangle dynamics and presenting an organised armour);
the borderline structure (fundamentally characterised by
the pathogenic ambivalent oral dynamics; displaying a
depressive or psychotic-depressive nucleus and a characterial covering whose function is to maintain a social “normality”, thus preventing the explosion of the pathogenic
nucleus, and developing a minimally organised armour);
and the psychotic structure (fundamentally characterised
by a pathogenic primitive oral dynamics which leads to an
absence of contact and an incapacity to relate to others;
these dysfunctions almost entirely prevent the formation of
an organised armour, and induce the development of a
mimetic character behaviour to survive).
The main specificities of these three structures lead to their
classification in watertight categories. I have defined the
battery of tests that allows their differentiation as Initial
Structural Differential Diagnosis, ISDD (Diagnóstico Inicial
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Diferencial Estructural, Serrano 1990). I consider it to be an
epistemological diagnosis as it aims at discovering the
essential reality of people, their emotional, neurovegetative,
energetic and vital imbalance, and from then on, any
aspect of their behaviour and pathology. But it is not solely
focused on psychopathological symptomatology, and therefore does not split up or reify the reality of the person.
The ISDD is established on the following points:
a) Constitutional predisposition
b) Orgonotic metabolism (Bioenergy)
c) Object relationship and character traits
d) Blocks and muscle tensions
e) Neurovegetative and somatic functioning
f) Current reality: family, work, affective-sexual state, clinical situation, motivations...
Clinical care
The diagnosis of each structure logically requires a certain
type of setting and a specific treatment. In certain occasions, we have to realise emergency attention, which we
mainly provide in public centres or hospitals as they are the
only places where clinical practice can be immediatly performed to determine the diagnosis. In this setting, we work
in accordance with Eva Reich's principles of “emotional primary care” (1983), with M. Herskowitz's concepts (1968)
and with our own contributions. We principally focus on
ocular hypertension and the loss of contact, cervical hypertension and diaphragm spasms. We display an active attitude, with an open energetic field and therefore a strong
manifestation of empathy. On numerous occasions, clinical
care also involves corporal contact, respiratory and diaphragmatic massage, and/or a provocative - and in many
cases, a paradoxically “mad” - attitude, which catches the
patient's eyes and then allows him to feel our empathy.
Furthermore, we understand the necessity of providing a
specific treatment to people with a psychotic structure. This
includes the introduction of the family system in the process, psychotropic drugs in crisis situations and the therapeutic community on an ad hoc basis. In this case, the
diagnosis is not only important for prognosis or treatment
indications, but also to determine clearly the type of setting
required.
For instance, after years of practice of deep clinical analysis, we now know that the rate of people quitting therapy
because of analytic resistances (therapeutic escapes)
shortly after starting is much higher in the borderline structure, particularly for those with a compulsive-masochistic or
phallic-compulsive covering. In order to prevent it, we have
come to the conclusion that the number of sessions shoud
be higher than in the rest of the structures, and that a first
approach with a focal or brief setting would be particulary
appropriate to maximise their level of insight and analysability.
We thus meet people attending public centres or our private centres but who do not have the economic resources to
undergo deep treatment such as vegetotherapy.
In order to provide an answer to both situations, we and
some colleagues introduced a certain number of variables
from the postreichian clinical work (among others, character analysis, the relation between muscle hypertension and
acute pathogenic reaction, and the performing of “actings”
or neuromuscular movements of the “ontogenic” type) into
the analytic clinical tradition of brief therapy (Mahler, Balint,
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Braier...). This led to the development of a systematics that
I defined as “Brief character-analytic psychotherapy, BCP”
(Psicoterapia breve caracteroanalítica, Serrano 1992). The
objective of this therapy is to facilitate the emotional awareness of the character traits that provoke a pathogenic dysfunction and therefore, a group of symptoms. Becoming
aware of these traits leads to a more functional and conscious management of one's resources and reality. At the
same time, the sources of hypertension reduce and breathing is superficially freed, which results in increasing receptivity and sensitivity. These are limited goals which attempt
to reduce suffering and cancel symptoms through the use
of crisis as a therapeutic tool associated with “insight”.
However, being limited objectives, the setting as well as the
technique have to be coherent and therefore different from
deep therapy, in order to avoid regression, transference
neurosis and the breakdown of essential defenses. Indeed,
the brief setting does not provide enough time to tackle
these goals, while they are achievable in a deep setting,
using our clinical tradition.
Thus, in the brief setting, the position of the therapist is
analytical but more directive. He avoids induction and
works a lot with signalling, contrasts and free association.
He also manages the session time to combine the frontal
seated position and the couch, which is used to perform
actings, though in a reduced time compared to deep therapy. Other body techniques are included, with the patient
lying on the couch but wearing his clothes. The sessions
take place on a weekly basis and for a predetermined time,
with an average of twenty sessions. Individual sessions can
be combined with two two-hour group sessions once a
month, or one three-hour session, depending on the specific circumstances of each group. However, these group
sessions start only when the third phase of the treatment is
reached, ie from the third month onwards. It is worth
remembering that both Reich in his essay “Mass
Psychology of Fascism” and O. Raknes (1950) had already
considered this therapeutic option, although none of them
studied it thoroughly.
The setting
We can affirm that, except for the circumstances abovementionned, the setting of our practice follows the tradition
of European psychotherapy, and therefore takes psychoanalysis as reference. In fact, Reich always considered himself as part of this movement (see: Reich Speaks of Freud,
1970), which explains why it is an analytical setting. We
partially agree with the psychoanalyst Etchegoyen (1986)
when he recalls that the setting is “above all a mental attitude of the analyst, and [that] it possesses a content, the
process. This content consists in the unique relationship
between analyst and analysed, and comprises three components: transference, countertransference and therapeutic
alliance. For the process to develop, a framework as stable
as possible is necessary, ie the setting”.
According to our experience, this attitude is not only mental
but also emotional and thus energetic and analogic, and
constitutes the basic component of the “Reichian couch”.
Setting is essential, as without it no process, and consequently no achievement of the clinical objectives, are possible. It is determined by a systematics that comprises a
series of techniques, which, to be functional, have to be
modulated by the therapist's position and his way of being.
The latter stands next to the patient, respects his rhythm,
without either induction or advice, neither formulation nor
recipe concerning the current aspects of his life. This attitu-
de leads the person to feel accompanied, but at the same
time it facilitates the displacement of affects which occurs
through historical affective objects, and which allows
transference.
To sum up, the relationship is sufficiently neutral, while
retaining an empathic atmosphere. To use Matt Blanco's
terms, we would say that the therapist has to know how to
be on both planes of the analytical setting: the symmetric
and asymmetric levels.
The individual sessions take place with the patient lying on
the couch, his body visible, and the therapist sitting next to
him but without invading his space. The number and periodicity of the sessions are determined according to the
structure of the patient. However, they occur on a minimum
of one fifty-minute session a week or a one-hour-and-a-half
session every two weeks (double session) to a maximum of
two double sessions a week. Contrary to the BCP setting,
there is no predetermined time to complete the process,
which will take place as agreed between the patient and
the therapist, such as any other situation of the setting.
Deep character-analytic psychotherapy:
Character-analytic vegetotherapy
Once the therapeutic contract is established (in the case of
a deep therapy), character-analytic vegetotherapy, or orgone therapy, can start: “When the orgasm reflex was discovered in 1935, the emphasis placed on the character-analytic work shifted to the somatic field. The term
“Vegetotherapy” represented the fact that my therapeutic
technique then got an influence on characterologic neurosis in the physiological field. The term “character-analytic
vegetotherapy” refers to the simultaneous work done on
both psychic and somatic systems (neurovegetative system)”, (Reich, 1949 a).
This clinical practice depends essentially on the therapeutic
relationship that takes place between the patient and the
therapist, focusing particularly on the patient's structure.
Transference dynamics is accompanied by the activation of
memories and emotions that are linked to the transference
object and the armour segment on which we are working.
Following Reichan tradition (Reich, 1945), the therapy is
performed cephalocaudally, from the first down to the
seventh segment. Indeed, as previously seen, blocks, tensions and defences that develop to face the distress produced during ontogenesis appear from the first segment
downwards. This muscular approach is fundamentally
based on the execution, by the patient, of particular neuromuscular actings which have been modulating signs of the
process of infantile evolution. These actings take place
during a certain time and for a certain number of sessions.
Each acting lasts about 20 minutes, during which the
patient is focused on muscular action and on breathing. In
a state of floating attention, he observes the things that
cross his mind. He is attentive to images or sensations that
may appear, in order to share what he remembers with the
therapist afterwards. Moreover, if any emotion shows up,
the patient allows himself to live it consciously. In the
meantime, the therapist stands by his side, accompanies
the action but does not intervene in it. He only empathises
with the feelings that the patient may have while observing
his involuntary neurovegetative reactions. The latter are indeed part of the body language that the therapist has to
understand and appropriately contrast, signal or analyse
during the process of analysis development.
These actings are sequentially performed, as described in
the methodology of F. Navarro (1990), which we apply
according to the different structures (Serrano, 1994). In
order to give practical examples, I shall describe some of
the actings that are realised with the first segment: looking
at a point on the ceiling with the mouth open (object focusing: primitive relational signal); looking at a point on the
ceiling and then to the tip of the nose (primitive object difference described by R. Spitz); looking from right to left
(entrance of the third person, emergence of the shizoidparanoid structure) or rolling the eyes (group relationship,
entrance of family system, social reality and movement
specific to human mamals only). There are actings for each
of the seven segments of the muscular armour described
by Reich. These segments are progressively stimulated,
and try to recover vegetative motility and neuromuscular
functionality. There are not many actings, but those that are
used have been experimented and have proven to be sufficiently functional. Moreover, it is not the number of movements that is important but their repetition, and the analysis
of the way the patient does this movement, which is different in every person. All these points are part of character
analysis (character meaning the defensive psycho-somatic
structuring which is reflected in the behaviour as well as in
the muscular response, which are respectively based on
psychism and soma). Thus, we neither induce nor provoke
emotions or regressions, but we facilitate a progressive
body conscience through which the patient feels the difference between the self and the character, and the link
between his history and his current behaviour, his limits
and his potentialities. He then progressively learns to
manage his reality according to a self, associated with an
armour, ie a flexible character based on the principle of pleasure and expansion, love, and therefore on the capacity
for abandonment and for living the orgastic experience,
which always goes with a greater ability for social compromise.
However, this is not an easy thing to do. It implies immersing oneself in one's “hell”, in what lies behind resistances,
in repressed pulsions. It also involves facing the subsequent resistances that appear during the process and
which will determine its rhythm and its duration.
This individual approach is accompanied by group work,
which starts when the process of “separation-individualisation”, to use Mahler's terms, has sufficiently been elaborated during individual therapy. In other words, it occurs
when the patient has integrated in his self the denied
aspects of the maturation process that took place in his
early infancy, and when he is able to relate with the “other”
and to go about all the conflicts that he has faced in his
process of social integration (extended family, school,
friends, etc.). On the neuromuscular level, this usually coincides with the moment when the cephalocaudal unblocking
reaches the third or fourth segment. The groups consist of
12 to 14 men and women and of two co-therapists of both
sexes. Patients meet once a month for two years (group
meeting lasts a certain time in order to give enough time
for social relationships to be established between the
patients of the group). The group system develops its own
matrix to work on the dynamics of social conflicts, such as
gender conflicts, social paranoia, fear of authority, difficulty
to assume social responsibilities and group identity.
References to Foulkes' group analysis, Moreno's psychodrama and other psychocorporal techniques are used within a specific systematics (Serrano, 1997, d). However, the
main objective is the use of the group matrix, and the con-
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flicts occuring in this group, to make the participants aware
of the social conflicts that they face in their real life, and to
let them find solutions among themselves. This is a most
important way to acquire the “social or collective identity”
that our social system lacks so much.
Let us keep in mind that group space is a tool converging
from individual vegetotherapy and that therapists practice
according to its thesis.
Lastly, let me underline that emotional suffering, and thus
certain personality disorders, require an interdisciplinary
approach. Indeed, it is necessary to combine individual
psychotherapy with couple therapy or family care. We thus
consider essential the intervention of diverse professionals,
for indeed, through different clinical models and experiences, we can tackle the psychic and emotional suffering of
our patients more functionally and deontologically.
Moreover, this inevitably leads us to question and revise
our own limits and suffering, and to take personal and collective measures to prevent and avoid them. Consequently,
we have also been stimulated to develop a preventive care
practice which I have defined as “human systems ecology”. Through this practice, we may some day be able to
live - as my professor F. Navarro used to say - in a society
where our clinical function would no longer be necessary.
For bibliographical references and abbrevations:
http://www.esternet.org/xavierserrano/trastornos_personalidad.htm
THE INCREASE OF VIOLENCE IN
THE WORLD: THE ROOTS OF
VIOLENCE AND CHANGE TODAY,
INDIVIDUALLY AND SOCIALLY
by Luciano Rispoli
ABSTRACT
Where and how is the violence triggered?
There is a frightening increase of violence in the world
today, but is violence inherent in man, is it inevitable?
Where does it come from? And above all, where are its
roots embedded?
In order to answer this question we need to look as far as
the Deepest Functioning: Bio-physical.
Functional Psychology has studied them for years (taking
up some important elements of the Functionalist schools).
There are alterations which can be missed by traditional
analyses, which become slowly bedded in our organism
(mind-body). Little by little something occurs, manifesting
itself in violence in many different ways.
Analysing these deepest functions in their complex conditions we begin to lift the veil and discover the truth. We
return to occupy social space, as Reich taught, but with the
much advanced capacities available to us today to see the
functioning, the individual-society link, the ways out, possible projects, in order to bring about change in the world.
ABSTRACT
Come e dove si innesca la violenza?
Oggi nel mondo c'è un aumento spaventoso di violenze.
Ma la violenza è connaturata con l'uomo, è inevitabile? Da
dove ha origine? E soprattutto come e dove si innescano le
sue radici?
Per rispondere dobbiamo scendere ai Funzionamenti più
profondi: Bio-psichici.
La Psicologia Funzionale li sta studiando da anni (riprendendo alcuni elementi importanti delle scuole
Funzionaliste). Ci sono alterazioni che sfuggono all'analisi
tradizionale e che lentamente si stratificano nel nostro
organismo (mente-corpo). E pian piano qualcosa accade,
si produce violenza in tante manifestazioni.
Analizziamo questi Funzionamenti profondi nella loro complessa modalità. Iniziamo a sollevare veli su tutto ciò e a ritrovare la verità. Ricominciamo ad occupare lo spazio sociale, come ci aveva insegnato Reich, ma oggi con una nuova
capacità molto più avanzata di vedere i funzionamenti, il
collegamento individuo-società, le vie di uscita, i progetti
possibili, per produrre un cambiamento nel mondo.
INTERVENTION
Premessa
Appare ogni giorno più urgente cercare di fermare il crescere della violenza favorendo lo sviluppo di una cultura e di
una esistenza di pace che possa veramente portare nel
mondo una nuova speranza.
Ma come fare? Quali sono le origini della violenza?
Molto si spende per diffondere, specie in bambini e in adolescenti, concetti di pace e fratellanza. Ma tutto questo non
funziona se è stato minato il radicamento profondo della
pace e dell'amore nell'individuo.
Un individuo potrebbe usare parole che vanno nella direzione della pace e dell'amore ma nei fatti essere incapace
di andare nella stessa direzione. Si può sentire parlare di
amore, di tolleranza, di condivisione ma non essere di
fondo capaci di sentire profondamente questi sentimenti.
E allora è possibile fare veramente qualcosa? E come
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andare alle radici della violenza?
L'importanza dello sviluppo evolutivo
In questi anni si sono moltiplicate le nuove scoperte sulla
vita del bambino piccolo, sia prima che dopo la nascita.
Risulta sempre più chiaro che l'essere umano è all'inizio
integrato, capace di relazioni positive con il mondo circostante, capace di amore e di contatto molto intensi. E non
è in balia a pulsioni caotiche e distruttive. Distruttivo lo
diventa se ci sono ostacoli creati da un mondo che non
favorisce (ancora oggi!) il suo sviluppo e la costruzione di
una personalità sana e positiva.
Per conservare vitalità, benessere, equilibrio, salute, bambine e bambini devono trovare soddisfazione ai loro bisogni
fondamentali, oggi individuati in modo molto preciso e concreto. Se non c'è protezione e attenzione ai bisogni fondamentali si formeranno pericolose alterazioni del nucleo
profondo del Sé. Il nucleo del Sé, reso fragile e insicuro, si
aggrapperà a immagini esteriori e false di forza, tenterà di
compensare le carenze inseguendo false sicurezze: il potere, il denaro, il voler dominare, il successo ad ogni costo, e
insieme a tutto ciò la violenza. Oppure, cederà alle angosce e finirà per sentirsi debole, sopraffatto, schiacciato.
Accade così che si ricorra alle "droghe" (sia in senso stretto
che in senso più allargato), nel tentativo di ritrovare, anche
se solo apparentemente, la vitalità persa; e si cercheranno
momenti di euforia, di allentamento dall'angoscia e dalla
paura, di stordimento, di sfide folli alla morte.
Le mutate condizioni sociali
Nella società di oggi (come risulta dalla ricerca da noi effettuata) si stanno drammaticamente alterando alcuni aspetti
del funzionamento dell'individuo assolutamente indispensabili a un buon equilibrio.
Il supporto affettivo è sempre più carente. Videogiochi,
Televisione, Computer, Realtà Virtuale, Velocità, Freddezza
tecnologica, prendono sempre più spazio aumentando le
fantasie pericolose e l'agire frenetico, e diminuendo sempre più la base vitale delle sensazioni corporee reali,
Il bombardamento attraverso i mass-media di “modelli”
irraggiungibili, di “modelli” perfetti, di successi facili, fa sentire i giovani sempre più inadeguati, spingendoli ad una
ricerca spasmodica e affannosa, e levando loro la possibilità di crescere gradualmente con calma e serenità, basandosi sulle proprie esperienze, il proprio spazio, la propria
identità.
La somministrazione continua di scene di violenza indurisce, incattivisce: la tenerezza viene sempre più allontanata
come qualcosa di negativo.
I grandi progetti sociali di prevenzione
Oggi non possiamo più limitarci a curare un certo numero
di pazienti. Non ha più senso. E' indispensabile mettere in
atto delle risposte di grande respiro a partire dalle condizioni difficili e drammatiche in cui versano le nuove generazioni.
L'unica speranza è intervenire nell'età in cui il malessere si
struttura e in cui le personalità perdono le caratteristiche
positive iniziali, si distorcono, smarriscono il senso della
loro esistenza; e finiscono per non combattere più per la
vita, per la solidarietà, per il rispetto degli altri, della natura
e di se stessi.
Bisogna ridare senso alla vita, un significato di largo respiro basato sul rispetto, sul contatto, sull'amore, sulla tenerezza; componenti fondamentali per una pienezza di vita
che non possiamo più trascurare e che invece le società di
oggi stanno distruggendo.
Dobbiamo agire, in fretta e in modo radicale, per salvare i
nostri bambini e i nostri adolescenti, ma soprattutto per sal
vare le nostre società!
Progetti possibili, efficaci, a grande diffusione
Ma è possibile farlo? Si, ma solo se andiamo alle radici
delle distorsioni, se andiamo ad agire su ciò che è alla
base, se interveniamo in modo preciso sui funzionamenti di
fondo degli esseri umani: le Esperienze di Base (esperienze fondamentali che i bambini devono poter attraversare e
consolidare in modo pieno e positivo).
Solo così potremo ottenere risultati profondi, ampi, diffusi e
in tempi brevi. Solo con metodi scientifici nuovi ed efficaci:
metodi diagnostici realmente predittivi, metodologie e tecniche che realizzino in breve tempo e su larga scala cambiamenti effettivi recuperando i funzionamenti persi, le
Esperienze di Base carenti e alterate.
Questa è la nuova scommessa scientifica ma anche la
nuova scommessa sociale.
Le conseguenze dei funzionamenti di fondo alterati sono
altamente drammatiche e sotto gli occhi di tutti. Ma la violenza, in continua crescita, non è un dato inevitabile iscritto
nel DNA umano: non esiste un istinto alla violenza e alla
distruttività. E' solo il risultato di un agire sbagliato che non
salvaguarda le Esperienze di Base in bambini e adolescenti.
A Napoli abbiamo lavorato per 4 anni con i bambini di 6
scuole elementari e medie, per riequilibrare disfunzionamenti del Sé già drammaticamente presenti. Abbiamo lavorato per recuperare almeno le più importanti tra le
Esperienze di Base alterate: la capacità di Lasciare l'attivazione e di Stare, il poter Allentare il Controllo, il Contatto
tranquillo, la Tenerezza, la Forza Giocosa e Calma. E si
sono ottenuti dei cambiamenti strabilianti in pochi mesi su
tutti i bambini.
E' su questa nuova frontiera che si svolgeranno le battaglie
decisive per interrompere e invertire il processo che sta
mettendo seriamente a rischio il nostro pianeta e la nostra
vita futura.
Le Aree Teoriche precedenti e il sociale
Le Aree Teoriche precedenti, le correnti di Psicoterapia sino
ad oggi sviluppate, hanno avuto il grande merito di indicare
questi problemi e di sviluppare man mano tecniche, conoscenze, sperimentazioni, la cui validità si è però misurata
soprattutto a livello di intervento individuale.
Ma oggi abbiamo bisogno di un salto epistemologico, teorico e pratico per affrontare il problema anche sul piano
sociale, e in modo realmente efficace.
Le Aree di pensiero precedenti hanno iniziato a farlo: ma gli
interventi risultavano troppo lunghi, troppo dispendiosi, non
efficaci e profondi, con difficoltà a creare progetti che agissero davvero a largo raggio.
La nuova Area Teorica: il Funzionalismo
Oggi abbiamo a disposizione nuove conoscenze. Lo studio
del bambino piccolo ha fatto passi enormi. Anche le neuroscienze, nel loro intenso sviluppo, pongono oggi nuove
basi scientifiche che non possono più essere ignorate, e
che individuano in modo molto preciso i funzionamenti di
fondo come terreno di intervento per il futuro.
Un altro elemento importante è stato il progredire degli
studi sul processo terapeutico, sul processo di cambiamento, su ciò che avviene realmente in terapia e che il terapeuta realmente fa accadere. E ancora una volta le ricer-
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che individuano i funzionamenti di fondo, le Esperienze di
Base come i punti nodali della terapia, i punti nodali per il
cambiamento. Le tecniche saranno allora scelte e riorganizzate per essere più adatte a questo livello, più precise e più
direzionate, guidate da un progetto ben strutturato.
Il Funzionalismo, questa terza Area nascente, che prende
le mosse dagli studi sui processi psicocorporei, dalla concezione dell'identità funzionale mente-corpo, dalle ricerche
del primo funzionalismo, ha aperto gli orizzonti sui funzionamenti di fondo, e rappresenta una modalità nuova di
affrontare il funzionamento umano.
Si apre dunque una grande speranza di poter finalmente
intervenire sul piano sociale, e di realizzare strumenti
potenti e realmente efficaci per poter iniziare a dire la parola fine al permanere della barbarie umana, e a sperare che
questo avvenga prima che sia troppo tardi.
TOUCH IS ONE OF THE MOST
FORGOTTEN LANGUAGES
by Bernhard Tabur Schlage
"Massage is something that you can start
learning, but you never finish. It goes on
and on, and the experience becomes continuously deeper and deeper, and higher
and higher. Massage is one of the subtlest arts. And it is not
only a question of expertise; it is more a question of love.
First learn the Technique, and then forget it. Then just feel,
and move by feeling. When you learn deeply, ninety percent
of the work is done by love, ten percent by the technique.
Just through the very touch, a loving touch, something
relaxes in the body.
If you love and feel compassion for the other person and
you feel the ultimate value of him, if you don't treat him as if
he is a mechanism to be put right but an energy of tremendous value, if you are grateful that he trusts you and allows
you to play with his energy, then bye and bye you will feel
as if you are playing on an organ. The whole body becomes
the key of the organ and you can feel that a harmony is created inside the body. Not only with the person who is helped, but you also.
Massage is needed in the world because love has disappeared. Once, the very touch of lovers was enough. A mother
touched the child, played with his body, and it was massage. The husband played with the body of his woman and it
was massage; it was enough, more than enough. It was
deep relaxation and part of love.
But that has disappeared from the world. By and by, we
have forgotten where to touch, how to touch, how deep to
touch. In fact, touch is one of most forgotten languages. We
have become almost awkward in touching, because the
very world has been corrupted by so-called religious people. They have given it a sexual colour. The word has become sexual and people have become afraid. Everybody is on
guard not to be touched unless he allows it.
Now in the West, the other extreme has come. Touch and
massage have become sexual. Now massage is just a
cover, a blanket, for sexuality. In fact, neither touch nor massages are sexual; they are functions of love. When love falls
from its height it becomes sex, and then it becomes ugly.
So be prayerful. When you touch the body of a person be
prayerful - as if God himself is there, and you are just serving him. Flow with total energy. And whenever you see the
body flowing and the energy creating a new pattern of harmony, you feel a delight that you have never felt before. You
will fall into deep meditation.
While massaging, just massage. Don't think of other things,
because those are distractions. Be in your fingers and your
hands as if your whole being, your whole soul, were there.
Don't let it be just a touch of the body. Your whole soul
enters into the body of the other, penetrates it, relaxed the
deepest complexes.
And make it a play. Don't do it as a job; make it a game and
take it as fun. Laugh and let the other laugh too."
(Osho-Quotation from Darshan Diary, Chapter 18, Series
Hammer on the Rocks; with Permission of Osho
International Foundation, Switzerland)
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What am I going to talk about in this article? Let me first
give you some examples of touch.
The masseur massages his client with a strong grasping
grip.
The timid person spreads out his little finger while timorously touching his friend's nipple.
The Mother puts cream on the baby with caring hands.
The visitor of the beer garden strongly grasps the waitress's
ass.
The Doctor palpates her patient's body with examining fingers.
The mannequin oils her skin with patiently circling movements of her hands.
The weight lifter grasps the muscles of his arms to measure
their power.
The nurse softly massages a cream on to the hurting part
of a patient.
The father gently rubs the child's belly while feeling it.
The baby reaches for her mother's breast while being fed
from it.
The loving couple tickle each other wherever they can
reach.
The torturer beats the tortured with a whip.
In a silent embrace the lovers’ hands are laying on each
other's backs.
The timid person is yanking every time he is being touched.
The butcher grasps the piece of meat to cut it.
The drowning desperately clings to the flesh of his rescuer.
The mother is holding her child's hand while tearing a splinter from its finger with her fingernails.
The dentist reaches into the mouth to examine the position
of a crown.
The father slaps the child on the face.
These examples express possibilities of touch between
people, without having to say what is being touched and
how I categorise these examples into brutal, tender, caring
or conscientious. The values I put on them might be different from what others put on them.
In my practice as a body-psychotherapist, I experience
touch in a more differentiated way. Some tissue areas
easily yield under the pressure of my hands while others
resist my pressure or feel cool or warm. Some tissue areas
allow themselves to be moved away from underlying layers
or while touching them you get the impression that they
were structured on the surface the same as in deeper layers. Some tissue areas feel firm, almost string-like, and I
can palpate hyper-elastic almost rubber-like tissue. While
touching some tissue areas they feel old or empty or
numb, whereas others are so strongly loaded with emotion
that just the hint of a touch will irritate the client. Some tissue areas contract with touch, others loosen and open up.
I will at first categorise these examples without thinking
about what is touched and how it is touched. The tissue is
simply not sufficiently supplied with energy, is charged, is
flabby, tense, blocked etc. And in body-psychotherapy I
draw conclusions about the individuality of a client, from
these sensations.
Thirdly I want to describe the way in which clients experience touch. For one person tickling is painful while another person will laugh when she is tickled. One person will
not notice the pressure of her sitting bones (ischium) on
the chair and another person will sit on a more comfortable
chair just for this reason. For one person being caressed is
a nice feeling, for somebody else it is an annoyance. One
person loves the touch of her lover's lips but dislikes those
of her father. The other person lets herself be kneaded by a
masseur but feels it is chauvinistic when her lover pinches
her ass. One will experience tension in his body as being a
support for himself, for the other it is a limitation. One person will feel that her power and energy express her capacity
for freedom, for somebody else this power is a burden putting her out of balance emotionally. One will feel a grip in
the neck as if he is being throttled; the other feels how, by
this gesture, he can let go of responsibility.
In this way I can see that the one touch and the other touch
are not alike. Therefore in this article I want to take a deeper look at the following questions:
o Which structures are influenced (most) by touch
between people?
o What are the physical and structural bases of these
kinds of touch and how do they relate to each other?
o Which physiological characteristics of the connecting tissue determine endurance and speed of change
brought about by body-psychotherapy?
o Does the mental and emotional condition have an
effect on touch and if so how?
o What would be an adequate mental attitude for the
body-psychotherapist and the client during the work?
Phenomenology of touch
As I have described in another article, our existence originates from a very intimate, cellular touch: semen and ovular cell touch each other and as a consequence of this
touch three functional systems form: ectoderm, endoderm
and mesoderm, in this chronological order. Those organ
systems that later on form the human being develop from
these three different basic biological structures. And from a
subdivision of the mesoderm, the mesenchym, those elements that form the three-dimensional reality of the human
being in space also develop: skin, fascia, tendons, ligaments, muscles, periosteum, and bones.
“The primary elements such as bones, ligaments and tendons develop from the cells as soon as cellular nuclei are
formed in the mesenchym. When these cells have taken
their form, less differentiated cells develop layers of loose,
areolar tissue coating the developing nuclei. These
coatings at first seem to have a protective function; later on
they develop into a supportive function. These are the fascia.” (I. Rolf; Strukturelle Integration, München 1987, s. 38)
Looking at touch between people I see initially that these
structures originating from the mesenchym take place in
every movement even if it is the lips, the fingers of a hand
or leaning against somebody's shoulders. First of all it is
always these structures that so obviously make touch possible. Whether somebody is well cushioned or bony, has a
thin figure or soft hands, or a belly drawn in, all these are
examples of manifestations of mesenchymal structures.
The cellular awareness of touch
But let me deepen my view further. Let us first agree to
extend the term ‘connective tissue’ further than just the
subcutaneous tissue. I suggest extending it to the entire
supportive tissue of the body including bones, ligaments
and tendons, the tissue, coating the intestines and embedding nerves and vessels. If I extend my view in this sense I
find connective tissue structures of various kinds.
The body keeps changing the composition of the connective tissue throughout our whole life. Some of these changes
are limited in duration: for example when connective tissue
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thickens around a muscle and our shoulder hurts. Others
last longer such as when we twist our ankle and it heals
slowly with a remaining thickening and torsion of the ankle.
The mechanism of change of the connective tissue consists of - contracting and connecting. To gain stability and
fight stress connective tissue will shorten, thicken and
attach to neighbouring structures. Movement will become
less effective because parts that would be better to rest will
take part in the movement - thickening and shifting.
Thickening of tissue might cause displacement of a body
segment or restrict movement possibilities of joints.
Two different kinds of connective tissue result from this selfregulating mechanism of connective tissue according to
different structural requirements of the body. The areolar
connective tissue is the most flexible, elastic and most
widely manifold kind of tissue. Its fibres are connected with
each other in all directions. Here the body fat is disposed
of and stored. This kind of tissue plays a fundamental role
in the body fluid circulation and the mechanics of canalization and distribution of body liquids. It can even function as
a cover between organs.
The jelly-like tissue, for example the umbilical navel-cord,
is only of minor interest for this article.
Fibrous white tissue is always formed where our body is
exposed to extended stress. In this context this type of tissue is necessarily tighter and less flexible. The higher degree of tightness results from the arrangement of fibres that
appear to be bundled parallel. In the retinacula these are
rather distinct. To balance the highly contractive tensions,
thicker fascia ligaments can develop attached to the expanding tendons respectively, forming pulley blocks, thus supporting the power of the working muscles. Such ligaments
can be found around bigger joints such as ankles, knees,
hip joints, shoulder, elbows and wrists. If this type of tissue
connects muscles and bones, respectively cartilage substance, it is classified as aponeurose or tendon.
Wherever even higher stability is needed such as with sclerotic types of tissue (bones and cartilage substance) the
organic collagen substance combines with other matter
serving for stability. Thus the kneecap can be regarded not
so much as a bone inside the quadriceps tendon but rather
as a functionally required ossification of the tendon.
Connective tissue as a whole is enervated by various nerve
fibres, whose function is to control the circulation, the fluid
volume and sensitivity to pain (sensitivity to touch). On the
other hand through the intermediary of these nerve connections the connective tissue can report to nerve centers
triggering self-regulating impulses. Thus connective tissue
has a feedback mechanism controlled by the nervous system and is able to influence its own structure. For instance,
a protective posture caused by an accident will entail reduced nervous sensitivity in the injured part. Consequently
you will find less movement and therefore even less feedback from this part. Thus the circle of increased tightening
of connective tissue closes until it is reversed on the nervous level (e.g. by Feldenkrais-work) or on the level of connective tissue (e.g. by Postural Integration). The golgi-tendon-organ might play an important role in this feedback
process (sh. Rolf Lines. Winter 1989, Boulder/Colorado; p.
19). This is a detailed description of the way connective tissue takes part in touch.
The biological awareness of touch
If I further extend my view, the general understanding of
connective tissue remaining the same, I will find structures
with names as follows: osteoplasts - pre-stages of ostecytes, forming the bone substance; the osteocytes - differentiated bone cells and the osteoclasts - which provide for
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continuous dissolving of the ground bone substance formed by the osteoplasts. Thus the latter underlie permanent
composition and decomposition. These internal correlations form the asic mechanism for the healing capacity of
the bones after a fracture, forming a node (exostosis) etc.
Depending on locality you will find various muscular cells in
the connective tissue. I will talk about these more extensively elsewhere. Moreover a number of cells play an important role in the body's metabolism: histo, mano, lympho
and granulo-cytes and plasma cells. Further on the mast
cells, which are located mainly around blood vessels. They
consist of three active substances (histamines, serotonin,
and heparin) that are significant for the consistency of the
plasma. Not to forget the fat cells serving as deposits, the
fibroplasts which are able to form intercellular substance.
With their widely spread out cell pattern, fibrocytes form a
three-dimensional network helping to construct the ground
structures of connective tissue.
The ground substance of connective tissue is formed by
fibroplasts, which simultaneously react to their own activity.
This mechanism which relates to the interaction of bone
cells holding in equilibrium, is called 'morphocycle' by
Varela/ Frank (in: The Organ of Form, London 1987). An
older interpretation of change affected by body-psychotherapy, states that the chemical condition of intercellular substance, changing from gel to sol, is caused by mechanical
influences (e.g. by pressure) regarded as the physiological
basis of change during body-psychotherapy (J.L.
Oschwan; The Natural Science of Healing; unpublished
manuscript 1986). This was later called the Thixothrophic
Effect (Dean Juhan, Körperarbeit, München 1992). But if the
theory of morphocycles is valid; then chemical change by
the correlation of fibroplasts and fibrocytes would be compensated. Because within the connective tissue the latter
functions like a hormone or neurotransmitter in other areas:
they are able to process special changes in connective tissue: for instance they change gel-like tissue into collagen
structures which they can further transform into cartilage
and bones by varying the chemical composition of the
intercellular substance formed by them. The reaction on the
nerve cells and connection to the hormone- and glandularsystem would have to be examined more closely.
Thus we see a whole range of cellular structures involved
in touch, and therefore in change resulting from body-psychotherapy. However, there is not yet a complete explanation of the change involved in the interrelationship of all
these structures. To find answers to questions regarding
change in tissue resulting from connection between structures, endurance and speed we have to extend our view
further into the molecular structure of a cell. This happens
as follows.
Chemical awareness of touch
On the molecular level of touch there is contact between
connective tissue mainly consisting of proteoclycones; e.g.
molecular structures consisting of proteins and polysacharids touching each other. These relatively big molecules are
able to bind a large quantity of cellular liquid and salts.
Connective tissue feels softer if the molecular structure is
more open and it feels tighter if the molecular structure is
denser. In the latter case for instance less fluid is being stored. All organic connections decompose into carbon when
burnt. This led Wilhelm Reich (see: Die Entdeckung des
Organs; Frankfurt 1976, pp. 49 ff) to watch the molecular
movements of these carbon structures. Through this he
came to the conclusion that the observable movements
could not be explained by the previous interpretation of the
so-called 'Brown’sche molecular movement'. According to
this theory those movements would have to have a continuous effect, be observable with all particles of equal size
at the same time, and only happen in space. You should
not be able to detect contractions or expansions of particles because these could not be explained by mutual collision of particles.
But Reich did not find these conditions in his observations.
On the contrary sometimes these movements existed,
sometimes not. They appeared and disappeared. The particles could expand and contract again. They were vibrating
or glimmering. They also performed movements that could
not be explained by the recent model, so that Reich developed the thesis that movment, for instance of red blood
cells, could not originate from external collisions of cells
with each other, but could be explained by the membrane's
energetic charge of these organelles. (He called them biones.) The internal movements can be explained much more
easily by the model of a changing energetic load of cells.
Reich asked where this biologically effective energy originated and was found in experiments: as dead cells did not
have these movements any more, the energy had to be
gained from the activity of the metabolism of the cell itself.
He called this energy “orgon”. It had to be developed in a
more subtle area than the biological one. We will get to this
in the next paragraph.
Reich could see that the biological functions of the complex human organism (charge, discharge, building up of
charge etc.) is already perceivable in the movements of the
plasma and of the smallest particles. The basic functions of
highly developed organisms are exactly the same as in the
smallest contractile plasma particle. Mechanistic explanations like the 'Brown’sche molecular movement' or merely
chemical reflections, will fail in this case because it is not a
matter of substance but a matter of functions of energy. By
trying to explain the origin of the energy of life from the biological functions of the organism itself Reich developed a
connection between biological knowledge and Einstein's
energy/matter equation in physics.
His contribution to explaining changes obtained by bodypsychotherapy is as follows: manipulating tissue leads to a
balance of bioelectric e.g. orgonotic energies within intercellular/molecular structures.
Here I want to make a small diversion to present different
treatment strategies resulting from different approaches to
body-psychotherapy. I will start with the question:
How is shortening of muscles balanced according
to the different systems of tissue manipulation?
If we want to balance the shortening of a muscle neurologically this is possible by obtaining a stretch reflex of the
shortened muscle via a shortening of the antagonist.
Another possibility would be to momentarily increase the
shortening thus provoking relaxation. Or, if I exercise stretching with another muscle of the same structure and then
have it shift to the effected muscle by visualisation, thus via
the nervous system. As a last variation on this level I could
mention letting the user of the muscle understand its function and then train him in a movement sequence that is
more effective in this function. These and similar approaches correspond to present movement schools like
Grinder, Jacobsen, Alexander or Feldenkrais work.
If we want to balance the shortening on the level of connective tissue this can happen by direct manipulation:
separating brunshes (or parts) between single groups of
muscles or subtly influencing the lamella-like structure of
muscles. Operative cross section (prolonging, shortening)
of muscles should also be mentioned here. We can find
these approaches in classical massage as well as in
various body orientated therapy models: Hakomi, Lomi,
Rolfing, Postural Integration, Structural Integration,
Rebalancing etc.
If we work on the energetic level of Wilhelm Reich it is of
central importance to experience the emotional content of
an area and consciously express emotions that might be
blocked (for instance through exercises or manipulation of
tissue) thus making it possible to balance the interrelated
areas of tension in their respective parts. Changing diet or
temperature treatments of tissue (Sapega, Quedenfeld and
others; Biophysical Factors in Range of Motion Exercises;
Physician & Sports Medicine 12/81) can be associated with
this level of possible muscle relaxation.
Some schools (for instance Yoga) try to reach relaxation by
respiration- and gymnastic exercises.
Especially in Rolfing it is possible to change the structure of
intercellular substance from gel to sol thereby softening a
muscle. (They use the so-called Thixothrophic Effect.)
So I can see that according to the explanatory models for
the shortening of muscle different methods can be applied.
In the practise of body-psychotherapists the various
aspects of this description get mixed. Let us further extend
our view to explore explanations for changes effected by
body-psychotherapy. I propose we go to the sub nuclear
space.
Physical awareness of touch
In the last paragraph I presented the molecular structures
which are involved in touch. This paragraph is about the
components of these molecules, the atoms. I know that in
general atoms consist of nucleus, protons, and electrons
and according to the number and orbit of the latter two we
can distinguish the different atoms; for instance hydrogen
from oxygen atoms. The two following phenomena are of
interest for our question:
1. If the distances between the nucleus and its two satellites are so large that I have to state that the smallest components, that I know of that are involved in touch, largely
consist of the space between them, or of nothing, then how
can we explain the objectivtivity and diversity of touch I
have mentioned in the beginning of this article?
2. Protons and electrons rotate around the nucleus at such
speed that to our eyes we get the impression of something
static. The perception of the nuclear situation can be compared with that of a rotor of an airplane, which - standing
still - shows two wings, and with increasing rotation appears as a disc to our eyes.
3. At the division of the nucleus, scientists discovered even
smaller units. These units, located within the sub nuclear
space of touch, either react as matter or as energy. They
confront our observations with the question, 'If I cannot
classify it this or that way so then what is it?' The Münich
physicist Strzempa-Depre (Die Physik der Erleuchtung,
München 1988) describes the powers located in this sub
nuclear space as the basis of diverse medical phenomenon
like the effectiveness of acupuncture or homeopathy. My
professional knowledge of physics does not allow me any
insight into possible faults of his argumentation and thus
for my work in body-psychotherapy I have to assume that
these powers (quantum) are also responsible for the effected changes. Physicists of various fields in research experienced that these quantum relate to the hypothesis of the
scientists experimenting with them. Or to put it differently
the powers located in sub nuclear space present themsel-
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ves as particles to the scientist doing research for further
particles, whereas an observer concentrated on energetic
phenomena will measure a certain frequency.
So in this article I have to consider this as a fact, which
implies that the mental attitude of both client and body-psychotherapist does influence the sub nuclear and thus molecular and biological basis of change. The powers in sub
nuclear space react in relation to the mental attitude of
body-psychotherapists (compare F.A. Wolf; Der
Quantensprung ist keine Hexerei (The Quantum Leap is not
Witchery); Stuttgart 1986; p. 286. He is talking about a
nuclear awareness). This thesis implies that a mental attitude will express itself in the frequency of “something in sub
nuclear space”. So to say that a micro-miniaturised physical code, or to be more precise, this code is the frequency, is a mental attitude identical with the phenomena in sub
nuclear space.
Regarding it like this, there in no question of ‘how’ the
emotional state of both therapist and client affects the
work, because on the level of the physics of touch, touch is
identical with different kinds of touch.
Therefore at the end of this article I come to the question of
the adequate mental attitude of client and therapist in
body-psychotherapy.
Those questions related to the attitude taken by the client
are well discussed in the work of Manuela Brinkmann
(Rolfing und NLP; Paderborn 1989). She makes clear that a
narcotized or sleeping person getting a connective tissue
treatment will show only a minor or no effect at all. In
Chapter 4.2. (p.159 ff) she describes the ‘kinaesthetic trance’ as the adequate state of the client. Hereby the client
senses his body more intensely than in every day life. The
client's attention rests in the part where he is touched and
is able to expand to all parts where the effects of touch are
being experienced. Usually the client in the kinaesthetic
trance does not only have awareness of single limbs or
parts of the body, but experiences his body as a whole,
from the top of his head to the soles of the feet and into its
depths, thus three dimensional. In this state a number of
reproductive functions will begin in the body giving the
client a profoundly relaxed and wholesome feeling.
Previously Gerda Boyesen had described in her book
(Über den Körper die Seele heilen; München 1987; p.
49/50) that a relaxed attitude of her clients could be recognized by a strong feeling of flow. The detailed descriptions
of these sensations of flow strongly resemble those of kinaesthetic trance from Brinkmann. In his work Die
Entdeckung des Orgons 1 (see above) Wilhelm Reich called this sensation the experience of the 'entire orgiastic
potential' of a person and drew a connection with the freeing sexual energies.
I mention these three authors at this place to make clear to
the reader that there is a certain bodily existence, which is
obviously helpful for the success of a treatment but which
is named differently by different schools.
So I can go on thinking about the question of the adequate mental state of the body-psychotherapist him/herself.
Firstly I will give a retrospective summary. In the beginning
of this article I prosaically described different kinds of touch
and their effects, then I presented different levels of touch.
An adequate attitude of the body-psychotherapist, if he
wants to be effective, has to be able to differentiate
between various levels of touch. To find out which mental
state is the most adequate I first of all had to explore
various mental states for myself. I examined effects of the
following ways of 'inner thinking' or awareness:
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* I tried the attitude of: I-know-better-and-do-what-I-think-isright; a way I found with many doctors or masseurs or
healers. People who collect information from my speech,
body, general impression and register them on an - imagined or actual - diagnostic path in order to get to therapeutical procedure.
* I trained myself in going through a series of therapeutically devised steps with the client that had been derived from
a previously fixed aim, thus leading from the present state
to the aim. “So well, you do not want to be this shy any
longer. Therefore we should first of all examine your resources and then go through some exercises for creative selfexpression.”
* With the help of general models of psychological and
physiological human development I understood that a
client’s biographical experiences came from a given physiological state. Then I let the client go through this experience and take in its emotional meaning in order to get to
an integrated physiological state. “Yes, shout, simply cry
out your rage. Hate your Mama, hate her and simply let
these feelings that have always blocked your relationship to
women come out.”
* I trained in associative, analogous and incoherent thinking, optionally combining various kinds of information
(theories, use of language, emotional process) to find out
the spot around which the personality is moving. “What
does it tell me, or what kinds of projections are activated
within myself if a client is wearing only black clothes, has
greasy hair and minor injuries detectable on her hands and
around the right eyebrow?”
* I visualized inner images of my clients and trained in
developing emotions connected with these images. With
this I learned to distinguish where the main disturbance of
the client lies and which psychological or physiological
structures are compensations. “I see him as a knight before
my eye and his weakest part is in his spine, like in the old
German saga of 'Siegfried'. Consequently the tense muscles of the belly are just the result of this weak back and
maybe they will loosen up if we succeed in strengthening
his back or his inner support.”
* I trained (with NLP techniques) to feel and think like my
clients feel and think. I imitated their language, pitch and
tone of voice, their respiration, the body posture as a whole
and I noticed their involuntary movements. With this information I tried to get an impression of the way in which he
or she organized his or her experiences and where possible solutions could be found.
* I had a checklist about what could be analyzed and after
this overall analysis I thought over every detail until I could
form my own opinion.
I found out that each of these mental attitudes could affect
a certain level of touch. And I experienced that the beginner in body-psychotherapy tends to get confused between
these different levels of touch. Today I deduct from this
experience that it is of primary importance for the bodypsychotherapist to train himself or herself to be able to
achieve a stable anchoring of his attention within him or
herself. This enables him/her to get to know the depth of
touch, layer upon layer. And only after a series of experiences in the different layers will the body-psychotherapist get
to know the level of sub nuclear resonance within him/herself and understand that here the most extensive integra-
tion of other levels is possible. According to my own experience in this process he/she will live through times of
intense confusion. I also met some colleagues going
through periods of depression before their attention opened up to the physical level of touch.
Summarizing, we can say that an adequate attitude for a
good body-psychotherapist is a strongly anchored attention within his/her own body. In the course of his/her experience a perception of different levels of touch develops out
of this anchoring and he/she learns to adapt his/her attitude in a flexible way towards the particular client. In the past
maybe I would have called this 'prayer or healing'. Today I
would be able to tell a body-psychotherapist about differentiated levels of touch, kinds of intention and techniques to
proceed with, for their clients’ integration.
Thus it has become possible to map those powers having
an effect on the healing process, in a way which simplifys
their use: by the new body oriented forms of treatment the
map of healing of traditional medicine has been extended.
Without anchoring the attention of the body-psychotherapist in his/her own body the source of these powers will
remain unseen.
TRANSFERT ET CONTRE-TRANSFERT
EN THÉRAPIE PSYCHO-CORPORELLE
Cet article est le fruit d'un séminaire de recherche
qui s'est tenu à Montpellier les 26/27 mars 2005 et a
réuni les membres suivants :
Catherine Choury - Michel Claverie - Tony Fournier
Catherine Jenny - Éliane Jung-Fliegans - Dany ParisiClaverie
Vincent Riedinger - Jean-Max Tassel - Claude Vaux
1.
2.
3.
4.
La question qui fâche 1932
L'unité Psyché-soma - Le corps conscience
Transfert et contre-transfert en psychanalyse
Transfert et contre-transfert en thérapie
psycho-corporelle
- Transfert et corps-mémoire
- Toucher, transfert et contre-transfert
5. Psychothérapeute un rôle déterminé par le collectif
6. Annexe
La question qui fâche, 1932.
Freud a construit l'école psychanalytique sans déroger aux
principes de la cure telle qu'il l'a conçue dès les années
1900. Le thérapeute, figure paternelle frustrante et toutepuissante détient la clef de l'interprétation du travail, et c'est
à partir de cette figure incarnée par l'analyste que le transfert va pouvoir s'organiser. Freud n'abandonnera jamais le
principe de ce tiers séparateur et objet de fixation du transfert car il détestait le contact physique et ne supportait
même pas l'idée qu'un patient puisse lui faire part d'un
transfert maternel sur sa personne.
D'un autre côté, Freud est toujours resté ouvert et même
curieux des découvertes et des recherches faites par ses
confrères comme Ferenczi, Jung, Rank, Groddeck, Reich
ou Adler. Il a ainsi accueilli et encouragé tous ceux qui ont
poursuivi les recherches sur l'inconscient au-delà du point
où lui-même ne voulait pas, ou ne pouvait pas aller (cf. en
annexe la lettre de Freud de 1928 d'une rare honnêteté
intellectuelle adressée au docteur Hollos après la publication de son livre : "Mes adieux à la maison jaune").
En même temps il refusait toute avancée qui pouvait le
confronter à sa partie féminine et au langage du corps.
Cette limite le conduira à rompre avec tous ceux qui
prendront une autre voie que celle qu'il avait ouverte. Parmi
eux, il y avait Sandor Ferenczi qu'il considérait comme son
héritier spirituel. Il l'appelait volontiers mon cher fils, c'était
le seul avec lequel Freud partait en vacances. C'est aussi
un de ceux qui devaient confronter Freud aux limites de sa
grille de lecture, car dès 1919, Ferenczi, le clinicien, a pris
en compte le langage du corps en introduisant la technique active.
Les découvertes issues de ses recherches, principalement
celles des dernières années de sa vie, ont entraîné chez lui
une remise en question de la cure psychanalytique telle
que Freud l'avait conceptualisée. Comme le dit Eva
Brabant dans son ouvrage "Ferenczi et l'école hongroise de
psychanalyse" :
« Ferenczi fut le premier à montrer l'importance de l'expression corporelle telle que les gestes, le tonus, la démarche.
Sa technique active ainsi que ses théories relatives au traumatisme, révèlent qu'il demeurait attentif au corps ».
Avec sa maladie, Ferenczi va se pencher de plus en plus
sur l'importance du corps comme expression du psychis-
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me. Le 31 Janvier 1932 un an avant sa mort, il écrit dans
son journal clinique :
« Il apparaît que les patients ne peuvent pas croire, ou pas
complètement à la réalité d'un événement, si l'analyste seul
témoin de ce qui s'est passé, maintient son attitude froide,
sans affect et, comme les patients aiment à le dire, purement intellectuelle, tandis que les événements sont d'une
telle nature qu'ils doivent évoquer en toute personne présente des sentiments de réaction et de révolte, d'angoisse,
de terreur, de vengeance , de deuil, et des intentions d'apporter une aide rapide, pour éliminer ou détruire la cause
ou le responsable ; et comme il s'agit en général d'un
enfant, d'un enfant blessé (mais même indépendamment
de cela), il y a des sentiments de vouloir réconforter affectueusement, etc. Ainsi on a le choix : prendre vraiment au
sérieux le rôle dans lequel on se met en tant qu'observateur bienveillant, c'est-à-dire en fin de compte transporté
avec le patient dans cette période de son passé (une façon
de faire interdite contre laquelle Freud m'avait mis en
garde), avec pour résultat que nous-même, comme le
patient, croyons en cette réalité, c'est-à-dire en une réalité
existante dans le présent et non momentanément transposée dans le passé.
Cependant, si nous adoptons ce point de vue et tentons
dès le début de présenter les événements au patient
comme des images mnésiques et non la réalité présente, il
peut suivre notre ligne de pensée, mais reste coincé dans
la sphère intellectuelle et n'atteint pas le sentiment de conviction ».
Doit-on aider le consultant à guérir de sa souffrance ou lui
permettre d'en comprendre les raisons ? C'est bien la
question qui fâche.
Avec la technique d'affection maternelle qu'il proposait en
1932, Ferenczi répondait ainsi à la question qu'il avait
posée au congrès de Wiesbaden en 1932 : « Comment s'y
prendre avec un patient régressé qui développe un transfert important ?». Freud voyait dans la régression un phénomène qui concernait uniquement le patient où l'analyste
n'avait pas à prendre part, alors que pour Ferenczi elle
demandait de la part de l'analyste une attitude d'empathie.
C'est bien à partir de ces constats et de ces réflexions concernant les différentes étapes de la cure que Ferenczi mais
aussi Rank, Groddeck, Reich et les autres chercheurs dissidents prendront en compte comme élément déterminant le
langage du corps ; de là naîtront les thérapies psycho-corporelles.
L'Unité Psyché-Soma - Le corps conscience
La thérapie psycho-corporelle envisage l'approche thérapeutique dans une double lecture : à la fois l'écoute attentive de l'histoire du sujet et conjointement les manifestations
corporelles associées. Le corps est vécu non seulement
comme le siège de la pensée, des sentiments, des émotions, mais aussi comme la mémoire de nos expériences
passées.
“Toute rigidité musculaire contient l'histoire et la signification de son origine” écrit W.Reich dès 1930. Il considère
que l'ensemble des contractions musculaires, qu'il appelle
la cuirasse musculaire, sont l'expression au niveau somatique des mécanismes de défense de la personne. Comme
Winnicott qui remplacera le clivage corps-esprit par l'unité
psyché-soma, Reich définit une unité psychosomatique de
l'être humain.
Les continuateurs anglo-saxons du courant des thérapies
psycho-corporelles utilisent aujourd'hui le concept de «
bodymind », le « corps-conscience », qui traduit cette
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synergie indissociable entre l'inscription corporelle et les
traces psychiques laissées dans les mémoires du sujet par
les situations traumatisantes. Ces situations peuvent se
manifester par une tension musculaire chronique, une rigidité posturale ou prendre d'autres formes somatiques. Un
resserrement dans l'estomac, une oppression dans la poitrine une crise de tétanie peuvent être considérés comme la
manifestation sensible d'évènements traumatiques refoulés.
Dans cette perspective, la plupart des thérapeutes psychocorporels associent dans la pratique de leur méthode, à la
fois un questionnement des souffrances existentielles dans
leurs correspondances somatiques, et à l'inverse celui des
tensions physiques chroniques dans leurs correspondances psychiques.
Transfert et contre-transfert en psychanalyse
Le mouvement de transfert et contre-transfert existe dans la
plupart des relations affectives. Qui n'a jamais prononcé ou
entendu les expressions : « Quand tu fais ça, je crois voir
mon père... Quand tu parles comme ça, tu me fais penser
à ma mère… » Quand cette phrase est dite, le transfert est
ramené à la conscience de la personne.
Dans la mesure où il n'y a pratiquement jamais de lien relativement intime entre deux êtres sans que des phénomènes de transfert y jouent un rôle, soit favorable, soit défavorable, le cabinet du psychothérapeute est le lieu privilégié
de mise en évidence de cette forme de lien.
Ce sont Freud avec la psychanalyse, puis Jung avec la
psychologie analytique qui ont utilisé ces termes pour parler de certains troubles névrotiques se traduisant par la
répétition dans les relations, d'une relation infantile initiale
dont la personne n'a pas conscience.
Le transfert est alimenté par un processus archaïque que
l'on nomme projection. Cependant, les deux concepts ne
doivent pas être confondus. Le transfert est un lien, c'est
un phénomène relationnel qui implique la présence inconsciente d'un tiers invisible. Selon Freud, il s'agit d'un désir
interdit dans la prime enfance à l'égard d'une personne
proche qui se plaque sur le thérapeute et qui masque son
origine infantile. Jung critique cette position limitée à la
relation avec le thérapeute en soulignant que le transfert se
perpétue naturellement dans d'autres situations de la vie
ordinaire. Pour lui le transfert étant déjà là avant toute
action du thérapeute, celui-ci se trouve donc impliqué plus
comme victime que comme artisan. Le transfert, qu'il soit
positif ou négatif, est aussi considéré comme une forme de
résistance puisqu'il permet à la personne de revivre un lien
infantile sans s'en souvenir. Il est une réaction plutôt qu'une
remémoration.
La projection a d'autres fonctions dans la relation. Dans un
premier temps de vie, elle est nécessaire à la construction
de la personnalité de l'individu. C'est le processus d'identification. Elle devient mécanisme de défense quand le sujet
expulse et attribue à l'autre, personne ou chose, des
qualités ou des défauts, des sentiments, des désirs qu'il
méconnaît ou refuse en lui.
Le contre-transfert est défini comme une réaction inconsciente de l'analyste à la personne analysée et plus particulièrement au transfert de celui-ci. Freud souligne qu'aucun
analyste ne va plus loin que ses propres complexes et résistances internes ne le lui permettent. Pour Jung, les pulsions inconscientes du patient ont une action inductive sur
l'inconscient du thérapeute. Tous deux se trouvent dans
une relation qui repose sur une commune inconscience. Le
thérapeute ne peut donc se retrancher derrière son rôle.
Transfert et contre-transfert en thérapie psycho corporelle
Comme dans le travail psychanalytique, le transfert est pris
en compte dans le travail psycho-corporel. Son maniement
par le thérapeute est différent, il n'occupe pas le centre de
la relation. Il est dans la mesure du possible, dévoilé dans
un ici et maintenant, c'est-à-dire sans découpage de
temps, sans frontière entre ce qui se passe dans le présent, dans l'histoire passée et future de la personne.
L'écran projectif est matérialisé, mis en acte, verbalisé et
intégré.
Ce travail permet au thérapeute de favoriser l'émergence
d'une relation présente, alimentée par le vécu sensitif et
émotionnel. Le sujet accède ainsi à une prise de conscience et à la mise en mots du lien avec un tiers absent : la
mère, le père, un proche et de la nature de ce lien.
Durant la séance, toute l'histoire et l'avenir de la personne
qui travaille et celle de la personne qui accompagne sont
présents. Le thérapeute vient avec sa personnalité, son
affect occuper l'ici et maintenant, et bien que le cadre où
cela se passe soit construit « artificiellement », ce qui se
passe est bien réel. C'est du lieu de cette réalité que selon
F. Perls, le processus de guérison va cheminer, permettant
au sujet de déployer une capacité à s'ajuster de manière
créative au réel.
Dans la mesure où le psychothérapeute prend en charge
sa part projective, et par un travail de supervision se
responsabilise dans les processus de transfert et de contre-transfert, le sujet peut alors être ramené à lui-même
dans sa capacité à faire le tri entre ce qu'il projette et ce qui
est. En gérant son contre-transfert, le thérapeute permet au
sujet de se sentir exister avec ses propres projections et de
percevoir la limite de ce qui est à lui et de ce qui est à l'autre.
Transfert et corps-mémoire
On a découvert depuis quelques décennies l'importance de
la vie intra-utérine et, plus récemment, que le fœtus «
entend par la peau » grâce aux vibrations que la voix provoque dans l'eau. « Nous sommes au début de notre vie,
dit Catherine Dolto Tolitch, des êtres vibratoires à l'affût de
tout ce qui fait signe, le toucher étant notre sens le plus
archaïque, le son porteur de sens s'inscrit par le biais de la
peau parmi les ressentis les plus anciens, c'est ce qui lui
donne une importance toute particulière… Cette peau intelligente se révèle très tôt comme un organe de communication actif et subtil permettant la discrimination ».
Notre expérience de thérapeutes psycho-corporels nous
montre de nombreux exemples où le transfert s'exprime à
travers des symptômes qui renvoient à la mémoire du
corps. Il n'est pas rare lors de séances, que le corps du
sujet dans le contact avec le thérapeute, par la parole ou le
toucher, laisse apparaître un signe lié au transfert : marques de forceps sur les tempes, ou rougeurs dues à l'étranglement par le cordon ombilical alors que les personnes
ne connaissaient pas les circonstances de leur naissance ;
marque d'une gifle reçue dans l'enfance, dont la personne
n'avait plus le souvenir ; surgissement d'une douleur et
d'une enflure à l'endroit d'une fracture… Ces signes du
corps s'accompagnent de ressentis et d'émotions que le
sujet ne peut pas toujours rattacher à un souvenir conscient, mais qui attestent d'une réalité vécue.
Toucher, transfert et contre-transfert
Différence entre les thérapies corporelles et les psychothérapies psycho-corporelles
Avant d'aborder la question du transfert et du contre-transfert, dans le toucher, il est nécessaire de préciser la différence souvent mal connue, entre les thérapies corporelles et
les psychothérapies psycho-corporelles.
Dans les thérapies corporelles, comme le rolfing, l'eutonie,
l'ostéopathie, la fascia-thérapie le praticien touche son
patient pour soulager, réparer, améliorer, guérir ou soigner
son corps. Aussi subtile ou efficace que soit la technique
pratiquée, aucun effet psychique particulier associé à ce
travail corporel n'est attendu même si, et c'est souvent le
cas, ils existent : « Je me sens mieux depuis que je pratique cette méthode ». Les notions de transfert et de contretransfert n'y sont pas prises en compte. Elles ne font pas
partie du cadre de ces méthodes, même si elles y jouent
un rôle. Une thérapie corporelle, comme son nom l'indique,
s'occupe du corps et dans ce cas, le toucher du praticien
est un toucher objectivé de “corps à corps”.
Le « toucher présence » en thérapie psycho-corporelle
Dans les approches psycho-corporelles, le concept de l'unité psyché-soma, le bodymind des anglo-saxons, fonde
l'articulation psycho-corporelle du toucher. Il ne s'agit plus
alors d'un toucher dont l'effet attendu est limité au seul effet
corporel, mais d'un toucher dont l'effet s'étend au-delà, et
notamment sur les plans psychique et affectif.
Dans cette forme de toucher, le psychothérapeute manifeste par le contact corporel, ce qui est au cœur même de
tout cheminement thérapeutique : un point d'appui. Ce
point de contact, dans le présent, donne à sentir au patient
quelque chose de lui-même. La perspective de la thérapie
psycho-corporelle est de lui offrir alors, la possibilité de se
situer face à ce qu'il ressent dans son corps et à ce que ça
lui fait : le rejeter, l'accueillir ou l'intégrer selon les cas. Il a
la possibilité de prendre appui dans cette « présence contact » et de laisser advenir les émotions, les mouvements,
les paroles, les pensées, les sensations. La seule intention
du toucher "point d'appui" est ainsi de donner au sujet,
une possibilité de rencontre avec lui-même, une présence
consciente, un point de contact vivant dans l'instant présent. C'est "l'ici et maintenant" de la Gestalt-thérapie, actualisé dans un contact corporel, laissant le sujet libre de ses
réactions, en lui-même et avec lui-même.
Mais cette forme idéale de « toucher présence » n'est possible que lorsque le transfert et le contre-transfert sont
posés consciemment dans le champ de la relation. Dans
cette perspective, le transfert et contre-transfert agissent
comme des détours, des détours d'intention. Si le psychothérapeute agit avec une intention affective ou sexuelle,
celle de son contre-transfert, sa main perd sa qualité de
présence. Elle est sensiblement affectée par cette intention.
Ce sont des micro-mouvements, une vitesse gestuelle
modifiée, des différences de températures, etc… qui le traduisent. L'intégrité et l'éthique sont alors nécessaires au
thérapeute pour accueillir et reconnaître ces formes manifestées de son contre-transfert.
De la même façon, ce « toucher présence », lorsqu'il est
reçu, peut être affecté de la charge du transfert. Il est alors
transformé par le sujet qui perçoit le contact de la main du
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2006 - page 49
psychothérapeute à travers le filtre de son transfert : “Tu
me gênes, tu me fais mal, ou tu me fais du bien ”. Pour le
mettre à jour, une parole, un geste, une émotion, un mouvement vont petit à petit, dans le cadre de la relation thérapeutique, éclairer l'ombre portée du transfert et du contretransfert. La relation s'allège du poids des relations transférentielles. La réponse corporelle, émotionnelle et verbale,
du sujet dans sa relation au point d'appui donné du psychothérapeute devient de plus en plus juste, de moins en
moins affectée, à la fois plus simple et plus naturelle.
Cette qualité de toucher doit s'appuyer sur une formation
expérientielle et didactique précise et exigeante qui demande au psychothérapeute de connaître sa propre violence,
son désir de pouvoir et de main mise sur l'autre, d'éclairer
de conscience et de vigilance ses pulsions morbides, ses
pulsions sexuelles car, sinon, comment donner un toucher
de présence dans des zones corporelles parfois douloureuses, sans tomber dans les pièges possibles du sadomasochisme ?
Seule une formation et une thérapie approfondie peuvent
fonder une pratique psycho-corporelle du toucher que la
supervision régulière viendra compléter pour faire face aux
situations imprévues et souvent nouvelles, rencontrées en
psychothérapie.
Psychothérapeute :
Un rôle déterminé par le collectif
Prendre “la casquette”, le rôle du psychothérapeute c'est
endosser une image tissée par les fils transférentiels du
collectif.
En effet, dans une optique jungienne, plusieurs archétypes
s'y expriment :
- l'archétype de la mère à travers la fonction d'accueil,
d'empathie, de compassion,
- l'archétype du père, rappel de l'autorité à travers l'exercice
du savoir là où le sujet ne sait pas,
- l'archétype du sauveur, du guérisseur susceptible d'enlever le mal et exaucer la prière pour un avenir meilleur,
- l'archétype du magicien qui a accès aux mondes invisibles.
Le psychothérapeute qui n'a pas conscience du pouvoir
contenu dans l'imago de sa profession peut dans son contre-transfert, involontairement entretenir ou développer
encore davantage cette projection, enfermant ainsi son
patient et lui-même dans une relation régressive de dépendance. Exercer la fonction de psychothérapeute implique
nécessairement de prendre la responsabilité de la gestion
des processus transférentiels et contre-transférentiels à
l'œuvre, non pas pour les empêcher, car cela est impossible, mais pour les éclairer, pour les conscientiser.
Car, comme tout être humain, le thérapeute court le danger
d'être manipulé voir possédé par les archétypes concernés
et se prendre pour ce qu'il n'est pas, oubliant qu'une relation est avant tout l'expression d'une rencontre de sujet à
sujet.
Annexe
« Cher docteur,
Ayant été avisé que j'ai omis de vous remercier pour votre
dernier livre, j'espère qu'il n'est pas trop tard pour réparer
cette omission. Celle-ci ne provient pas d'un manque
d'intérêt pour le contenu ou pour l'auteur dont j'ai appris
par ailleurs à estimer la philanthropie. Elle était plutôt
consécutive à des réflexions, qui m'ont préoccupé long-
page 50 - EABP N E W S L E T T E R
SPRING
2006
temps encore après avoir terminer la lecture du livre, lecture de caractère essentiellement subjectif.
Tout en appréciant infiniment votre ton chaleureux, votre
compréhension et votre approche, je me trouvais pourtant
dans une sorte d'opposition qui n'était pas aisée à comprendre. Je dus finalement m'avouer que la raison était que
je n'aimais pas ces malades ; en effet, ils me mettent en
colère, je m'irrite de les sentir si loin de moi et de tout ce
qui est humain. Une intolérance surprenante, qui fait de
moi plutôt un mauvais psychiatre.
Avec le passage du temps, je ne me trouve plus un sujet
suffisamment intéressant pour l'analyse, tout en me rendant
compte que ce n'est pas un argument analytiquement valable. C'est pourtant bien pour cela que je n'ai pas pu aller
plus loin dans l'explication de ce mouvement d'arrêt.
Me comprenez vous mieux ? Ne suis je pas en train de me
conduire comme les médecins d'autrefois à l'égard des
hystériques ? Mon attitude serait elle la conséquence d'une
prise de position de plus en plus nette dans la primauté de
l'intellect, l'expression de mon hostilité à l'égard du ça ?
Ou alors quoi ? Recevez après coup mes excuses, mes
remerciements et toutes mes salutations,
Votre Freud »
EABP
Diary
Diary
Other events
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October
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Amsterdam
Ethics Committee Meeting
Vienna
Somatic Dialogue in the
Therapeutic Relationship
with Tom Warnecke
Chiron Centre for Body
Psychotherapy, London
www.integralbody.co.uk
AIPC Congress in Italy dedicated
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Italian Congress to celebrate the
anniversary of Wilhelm Reich’s
death.
21-24 September
27 May
10th EABP Congress for BodyPsychotherapy
Bodies of Knowledge
Resources for a world in crisis
Askov, Denmark
20 September ±14 hrs
Weten wat je doet
De brug tussen kennis en kunde in
lichaamsgeorienteerde psychotherapie
NVLP Symposium,
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elisdelange@planet.nl
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Askov, Denmark
1-3 June
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FORUM Meeting
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Conference in France
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