Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA GREEN TALENTS: HR
CHALLENGES IN CULTIVATING
GREEN SKILLS FOR “GREEN
COLLAR” PROFESSIONALS
Dr. Zainal Ariffin Ahmad Associate Fellow, Academy of Sciences Malaysia Email: drzaba2012@gmail.com 1 Overview
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA •  To review the HR challenges in coming up with the Green Jobs Model® that can bridge the gap between green jobs creaJon and culJvaJng green talents and leadership. •  Going beyond the tradiJonal concept of green jobs which are environmental-­‐related, we need to look at the demand-­‐supply gap of green jobs and green professionals in Malaysia. •  We have to ask whether the local universiJes are able to generate green workers and green professionals from among the local workforce. 2 Green Job
•  A green job, is defined as "work in agriculture, industry, services and administraJon that contributes to preserving or restoring the quality of environment” (United NaJons Environment Program (UNEP) Report, 2005, 5). •  Green jobs can be found in manufacturing, research and development (R&D), administraJve, and service acJviJes that contribute substanJally to preserving or restoring environmental quality. Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA •  Green jobs mainly aim to help to: -­‐  protect ecosystems and biodiversity; -­‐  reduce energy, materials, and water consumpJon through high efficiency strategies; -­‐  de-­‐carbonize the economy; and -­‐  minimize or altogether avoid generaJon of all forms of waste and polluJon (UNEP, 2008, p.5). 3 Green Jobs In Malaysia and
Asia
•  500,000 green jobs in Malaysia – in 4 sectors: -­‐  Energy -­‐  Building -­‐  TransportaJon -­‐  Water & Waste Management •  95,126 green jobs were created by green businesses in 2009 (1% of the total workforce). •  Whereas 46% of these green jobs were in the transportaJon and water & waste management sectors, they were heavily populated by semi-­‐skilled workers (GreenTech Malaysia). Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Figure 1. Asia Green Jobs Index (ABC 2009) Figure 2. Growth of Green Jobs in Malaysia (2009-­‐2025) Source: Green Tech (2009) 4 Green Technology and Green Jobs In
Malaysia
Na/onal Green Technology Policy (2009) •  To raise public educaJon and awareness on green technology and encourage its use. •  To increase research and development and innovaJon in green technology in universiJes and research insJtuJons and hook on local industries with mulJ-­‐
naJonal companies (Silivarajoo, 2010). Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Green Technology in 5 Key Industries •
•
•
•
•
Agriculture and Agro-­‐Based Industry Electronic Industry Health and PharmaceuJcals Industry InformaJon and CommunicaJon Technology Mining Industry There is a growing need to integrate environmental management into green human resources management (GHRM) pracJces such as recruitment, selecJon, training & development, performance and talent management to have a big impact on the wider green agenda (Mohd Yusoff, 2015). 5 Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Table 1. Representa/ve Green Jobs Job Requirements Does not require green industry-­‐specific skills Requires green industry-­‐specific skills Requires four-­‐year university degree or above Quadrant 1 ConstrucJon engineers Electrical engineers Mechanical engineers Civil Engineers Aerodynamic engineers Material scienJsts ConstrucJon managers Industrial producJon managers Investment bankers Venture capitalists Quadrant 3 Electricians, HVAC technicians HeaJng/Air condiJoning installers Carpenters Roofers, InsulaJon workers, Welders Metal fabricators , Machinists, Mechanics Computer-­‐controlled machine operators Engine and equipment assemblers Industrial truck drivers Iron and steel workers , Millwrights Material handlers, Laborers , Retailers, Marketers Quadrant 2 Environmental architects , Environmental engineers Photovoltaic engineers ,Geotechnical engineers Agronomists, Water and waste treatment engineers Ecologists Sustainability execuJves/managers Compliance managers Power grid integraJon managers Energy efficiency auditors/inspectors Carbon auditors, PolluJon monitoring consultants Health and safety officers Agricultural inspectors Quadrant 4 Mixing and blending machine operators Sustainable farmers Farm product purchasers Recycling coordinators Carbon traders Eco tour guides Park rangers
Does not require four-­‐year university degree or above Source: Asia Business Council (2009) 6 Challenges:
Capacity Building for Green Jobs in
Malaysia
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Human capital development policies to support the green jobs are not in place. No clear iniJaJves yet to address green job agendas at the naJonal level No clear competency matrix for green professionals or semi-­‐professionals Businesses’ perspecJve – clear naJonal definiJon to define competencies and skills for green jobs Training at a company level is also limited on green iniJaJves Demand-­‐supply gap -­‐ quality of supply from the universiJes don’t match up to the industry standards Need right intervenJons programmes – providing incenJves for green collar workers, developing the industry which will demand workforce Level of economic acJvity related to environment in Malaysia and employment impact of environment related policies Number of green job creaJons Involvement of government, employers and trade union to promote sustainable development Green approach in implemenJng development project Awareness about green technology in educaJon system 7 Green Jobs Degree Programmes in
Malaysia
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Table 2. Green Job Degree Programmes at UNITEN Classifica/on of Green Jobs Degree Programmes (GSP Consul/ng, 2009)
Business, Management, Marke/ng & Related Support Services Relevant courses offered in UNITEN
Green Job Degree Programmes Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering Technologies/ Technicians
Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering
Geological/Geophysical Engineering
Materials Engineering/Science
CECB112 Civil Engineering Draoing Technology
CEEB223 IntroducJon to Environmental Engineering
CEGB212 Geology
CEMB113 Civil Engineering Materials
BBA HRM BBA MarkeJng BBA Entrepreneur Development Bachelor of AccounJng Bachelor of Finance Master of Business AdministraJon (MBA) Master of Engineering Management (MEM) PhD in Business Management
Master of Civil Engineering (MCE)
Bachelor of Civil Engineering (BCE) 8 Green Jobs Degree Programmes - continue
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Classifica/on of Green Jobs Degree Programmes (GSP Consul/ng, 2009)
Engineering Environmental/ Environmental Health Engineering
Materials Engineering/Science
Relevant courses offered in UNITEN Green Job Degree Programmes Total
18 MEHB443 Environmental Engineering
METB113 Engineering Materials
Bachelor of Electric Power Engineering (BEPE) Bachelor of Electric and Electrical Engineering (BEEE) Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (BME) Master of Electrical Engineering (MEE) (Research) Master of Electrical Engineering (MEE) (Mix Mode) Master of Mechanical Engineering MME (Research) Master of Mechanical Engineering MME (Mix Mode) PhD in Engineering
18
Source: Zeeshan and Ahmad (2013). 9 Green Jobs Model
The Green Jobs Model ® can help to: •  idenJfy green jobs degree programmes using Green Job Analysis •  design green syllabus and foster skills required for green jobs •  prepare students for green employment opportuniJes •  support green jobs policies and iniJaJves. Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA •  Government
(National Green
Technology
Policy)
•  Employers
•  Consultant
Green Job
Policies
Green Job
Analysis
Green Job
Market
Green Job
Degree
Programmes
•  University &
Colleges
Figure 3. Green Jobs Model (Ahmad & Zeeshan, 2014) Source: NSEBA (2014) 10 Application of Green Jobs
Model
• Bridge gaps between
green job creation and
cultivating green
talents under the
National Green
Technology Policy
•  Matched the 18
programmes to
Green Job Market
listing.
•  GJA was conducted on 28 programmes at UNITEN.
Green Job
Policies
Green Job
Analysis
Green Job
Market
Green Job
Degree
Programmes
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA •  The Green Jobs Model® allows for forward and backward integraJon of green jobs between the providers of green jobs degree programmes (universiJes and colleges) and employers of green jobs (manufacturing, services). •  Employers need to provide “green-­‐skilling” to their employees with the ulJmate outcome to directly or indirectly create a posiJve impact on the environment, e.g. awareness of green building or sustainable lifestyle. •  Only 18 out of 28
UNITEN programmes
fell under GJDP. IT
programmes were not
listed under GSP
Consulting (2009).
•  For policy makers, the Green Jobs Model ® supports the Strategic Thrust 3 of intensifying human capital development under the NaJonal Green Technology Policy (2009) by promoJng green jobs in Malaysia. 11 Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Table 3. UNITEN Green Job Degree Programmes PhD (Business Management) PhD (Engineering) MBA MEM MCE MEE (Research) MEE (Mix Mode) MME (Research) MME (Mix Mode) BBA (HRM) BBA (MarkeJng) BBA (Entrepreneur Development) Bachelor of AccounJng Bachelor of Finance BCE BEPE BEEE BME
Does not require green industry-­‐
specific skills
Requires green industry-­‐specific skills
Job Set 1 ConstrucJon engineers Electrical engineers Mechanical engineers Civil Engineers Aerodynamic engineers Material scienJsts ConstrucJon managers Industrial producJon managers Investment bankers Venture capitalists
Job Set 2 Environmental architects Environmental engineers Photovoltaic engineers Geotechnical engineers Agronomists Water and waste treatment engineers Ecologists Sustainability execuJves/managers Compliance managers Power grid integraJon managers Energy efficiency auditors/inspectors Carbon auditors PolluJon monitoring consultants Health and safety officers Agricultural inspectors
12 Discussion
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Flow and stock model -­‐ one of the key issues in green jobs creaJon and capacity building is upskilling and skill upgrading. In 2010, in terms of exisJng workers in the labour market, it was reported in 2010, about 11% low skilled, 61% semi-­‐skilled and 28% skilled workers out of 11.9 million workers (Abas, 2014). It is expected that the percentage for skilled workers should be 33% in 2015 through Upskilling which is to improve the skills and capability of the workers in fulfilling the changes in technology and evolving environment in line with the NaJonal Green Technology Policy. Another challenge is how to ensure Skills Upgrading for the low-­‐ and semi-­‐ skilled workers to improve their level of educaJon and skills for beser job employment with higher wages. This is in line with the overall trend observed by Teng and Mohd Yusoff (2015) that organizaJons are gradually shioing to environmentally sustainable and HR role will undergo transiJons into GHRM to manage the green talent (Jackson, Renwick, Jabbour, & Muller-­‐Camen, 2011). 13 Upskilling and Skills
Upgrading
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Green Job Model ® and
Upskilling and Skills
Upgrading
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA Green Job Model ® can be used to highlight the need for coordinaJon and collaboraJon between government, industry and academia (G-­‐I-­‐A) to consider upskilling and skills upgrading in implemenJng the green job iniJaJves as part of the naJon’s human capital development under the NaJonal Green Technology Policy. The suggested roles are as follows: Government •  The public sector plays a criJcal role in human capital through mulJ-­‐ministry mobilizaJon and facilitaJon, regulatory and fiscal incenJves, training and mentoring of green jobs. •  Industry – the K-­‐economy is led by the private sector which must collaborate with the government to take advantage of the fiscal and regulatory incenJves and become partners. •  Academia – inculcaJng a culture of excellence through collaboraJon with the government via knowledge transfer and cross-­‐ferJlizaJon and close collaboraJon with the private sector in training, research and commercializaJon to develop human capital. Academia Industry Conclusion
Conference & Exhibi/on: 24th -­‐ 27th August 2015 Sunway Pyramid Conven/on Centre MALAYSIA •  The Green Jobs Model ® based on the UNITEN study serves as a plauorm for further research on green jobs degree programmes in universiJes throughout Malaysia. This will create awareness on the importance of green jobs degree programmes among the students. •  Future research is intended to create alliances between higher educaJon providers and employers to make projecJons on the skills required for green jobs and design green syllabi. By providing green jobs degree programmes, universiJes and colleges can educate the students in disciplines which will result in green employment opportuniJes. •  Employers through green HRM pracJces (GHRM) need to provide “green-­‐skilling” to their employees with the ulJmate outcome to directly or indirectly create a posiJve impact on the environment, e.g. awareness of green building or sustainable lifestyle. •  The Green Jobs Model ® supports policymakers’ efforts in intensifying human capital development under the Strategic Thrust 3 of the NaJonal Green Technology Policy (2009) through promoJng green jobs creaJon in Malaysia. 16