THELOUISIANA
SURVEY
2015
PublicFavorsTaxIncentivePrograms
forEconomicDevelopment
Thethirdinaseriesofreportsfromthe
2015LouisianaSurvey
Sponsoredby:
TheReillyCenterforMediaandPublicAffairs
ManshipSchoolofMassCommunication
LouisianaStateUniversity
FORFURTHERINFORMATION
ONTHISREPORT:
Dr.MichaelHenderson
225‐578‐5149
mbhende1@lsu.edu
AbouttheLouisianaSurvey
The2015LouisianaSurveyisthefourteenthinanannualseriesconductedbyLouisianaState
University’sPublicPolicyResearchLab(PPRL).Forthe2015editionoftheLouisianaSurvey,
wecontacted980adultresidentsofthestatebetweenJanuary12andFebruary13.The
LouisianaSurveyissponsoredbytheReillyCenterforMediaandPublicAffairsinLouisiana
StateUniversity’sManshipSchoolofMassCommunication.Thesurveyhasbeenconducted
eachyearsince2003andtwicein2006,establishingrichlongitudinalmeasuresofpublic
opinioninLouisiana.ThemissionoftheLouisianaSurveyistoestablishbenchmarksaswellas
toassesschangeinresidents’assessmentsofstategovernmentservices.Thesurveyisfurther
dedicatedtotrackingpublicopiniononthecontemporarypolicyissuesthatfacethestate.Each
iterationoftheLouisianaSurveycontainscoreitemsdesignedtoserveasbarometersofpublic
sentiment,includingassessmentsofwhetherthestateisheadingintherightdirectionor
wrongdirection,perceptionsaboutthemostimportantproblemsfacingthestate,aswellas
evaluationsofpublicrevenuesourcesandspendingpriorities.Inthe2015LouisianaSurvey,
thiscoreissupplementedbymeasuresofpublicattitudesaboutcurrentissuessuchastax
incentivesforattractingbusinesses,theCommonCoreStateStandards,costcontrolmeasures
fortheTaylorOpportunityProgramforStudents(TOPS),Medicaidexpansionunderthefederal
AffordableCareAct,racerelationsandlawenforcement,same‐sexmarriage,andlegalizationor
decriminalizationofmarijuana.
AspartofanefforttoassurethattheLouisianaSurveyfulfillsitspublicservicemission,the
researchteamsolicitedinputfromanAdvisoryCommittee.Thiscommitteeprovided
invaluableinsightintothedesignofthequestionnaireandinidentifyingthecontemporary
policyquestionsthatcouldmostbenefitfromanunderstandingofthepublic’sviews.Whilewe
areindebtedtothecommitteemembersfortheirtimeandcontributions,theybearno
responsibilityforanymistakesinthequestionnaire,analysis,orinterpretationpresentedin
thisreport.
WeespeciallythanktheReillyFamilyFoundationfortheirgeneroussupportandvisionin
helpingtocreatetheLouisianaSurvey.
PrincipalResearchers
Dr.MichaelHenderson,DirectorofResearch,PPRL
Dr.BelindaDavis,AssociateDirector,PPRL
MichaelClimek,OperationsManager,PPRL
ResearchTeam
SrinivasThouta,TechnologyManager,PPRL
GailHagan,HeadSupervisor,PPRL
Questionsregardingthecontentofthisreportmaybedirectedto:
Dr.MichaelHenderson,ResearchDirector,PPRL
mbhende1@lsu.edu
225‐578‐5149
1
AbouttheReillyCenterforMediaandPublic
Affairs
TheReillyCenterforMedia&PublicAffairs,anintegralpartofLouisianaStateUniversity’s
ManshipSchoolofMassCommunication,usestheintellectualmuscleoftheschool’sfacultyto
helpsolvepracticalproblemsandadvancegoodgovernmentinitiatives.TheReillyCenter’s
missionistogeneratethoughtfulprograms,dialogue,andresearchaboutmass
communicationanditsmanyfacetedrelationshipswithsocial,economic,andpolitical
issues.EvidentineverythingtheCenterdoesisitscommitmenttostrengthenandadvance
theManshipSchool’snationalleadershipinmediaandpolitics.
TheCenter’sagendaisdiverseandfluid–fromtheannualJohnBreauxSymposium,which
bringsinnationalexpertstodiscussatopicthathasreceivedlittleornoattention,to
conductingtheannualLouisianaSurvey,avitalresourceforpolicymakers,whichtracks
advancementsandregressionsofcitizenattitudesaboutstateservices.Ittakesseriouslyits
role,withintheFlagshipUniversity,torespondquicklyintimesofcrisistohelpstate
governance,suchasduringHurricanesKatrinaandRitaandthe2010DeepwaterHorizonoil
spill.Itsaction‐orientedandpartnership‐drivenphilosophyunderscorestheReillyCenter’s
dedicationtotacklingideasandissuesthatexploretherelationshipofmediaandthepublicin
democraticsociety.
Dr.AmyReynolds,Director,ReillyCenterforMediaandPublicAffairs
2
AboutthePublicPolicyResearchLab
LouisianaStateUniversity’sPublicPolicyResearchLab(PPRL)isaresearchcenterdedicated
tohighquality,state‐of‐the‐artdatacollectionandanalytics,withaspecialemphasison
surveyresearch.PPRLisajointeffortoftheManshipSchoolofMassCommunication’sReilly
CenterforMediaandPublicAffairsandtheCollegeofHumanitiesandSocialSciences.
PPRLprovidesavarietyofservicesincludingsurveyresearch,‘bigdata’analytics,social
mediatracking,andfocusgroupinterviews.TheLabisprimarilyknownforitstelephone
surveywork.PPRLhas52computer‐assistedtelephoneinterviewcallstationsandacorpsof
highly‐trained,well‐supervisedprofessionalcallers.Itisoneofthelargestphonesurveydata
collectionfacilitiesintheSoutheasternConference.
TheLabisdedicatedtomeetingtheuniquegoalsandobjectivesforeachprojectbyworking
closelywiththoseseekingdata,researchexpertise,oranalysis.PPRL’sclientshaveincluded:
thefederalCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,theLouisianaDepartmentofHealth
andHospitals,theLouisianaDepartmentofLabor,LouisianaPublicBroadcasting,the
Mississippi‐AlabamaSeaGrantConsortium,andtheBatonRougeAreaFoundation.
Moreinformationonprevioussurveysmaybefoundat:www.survey.lsu.edu
FormoreinformationaboutPPRL,pleasecontact:
MichaelClimek,OperationsManager
mclimek@lsu.edu
225‐578‐7499
3
ExecutiveSummary
Louisianaresidentsgenerallysupportusingtaxincentivestoattractbusinessestothestate,butthereisa
strongerpreferenceforprogramsthatjustreducetheamountoftaxesbusinessesowe,suchasdeductions
andexemptions,thanforprogramsthatissuepaymentstothesecompanies,suchasrefundabletaxcredits.
AdditionalfindingsaboutwhatLouisianaresidentsthinkoftaxincentiveprogramsinclude:
o
o
o
o
Nearlythreefourthsofresidents(72%)supportreducingstatetaxesonbusinessestogetthemto
cometoLouisiana.Asmallermajority(55%)supportsusingstategovernmentfundstopay
businessestogetthemtocometoLouisiana.
BothDemocratsandRepublicanssupportreducingstatetaxesonbusinessesasaneconomic
developmenttool,butthepartiesdivideonwhetherornottopaypublicfundstobusinesses.
Thepublicremainssupportiveoftaxincentiveprogramsforbusinessesevenwhentoldspecific
argumentsraisedbycritics.
Republicansremainsupportiveoftheseprogramsevenwhentheprogramsarecriticizedonthe
basisofcostsoreffectiveness.Democratsaremoresensitivetotheframeofthedebate.Amajority
ofDemocrats(60%)supporttheseincentiveswhentoldaboutdirectcoststothestatebudget,but
theirsupportdropsto48%iftheyaretoldthatincentivesmaygotocompaniesthatfailtocreate
jobs.
TheLouisianaSurveytrackstrendsinstateresidents’perceptionsaboutthestateofthestate.Additionally,
the2015editiontapsthepublic’sviewsofpressingcontemporaryissuessuchasstrategiesforaddressing
budgetshortfalls,taxincentivesforeconomicdevelopment,theCommonCoreStateStandards,cost
controlsfortheTaylorOpportunityProgramforStudents,MedicaidexpansionundertheAffordableCare
Act,racerelationsandlawenforcement,same‐sexmarriage,andlegalization/decriminalizationof
marijuana.Toexecutethesurvey,LouisianaStateUniversity’sPublicPolicyResearchLabconductedalive‐
caller,dualframesurvey(landlineandcellphonesamples)of980adultresidentsofthestate.Thetotal
samplehasamarginoferrorof+/‐3.1percentagepoints.
Thisisthethirdinaseriesofreleasesaboutfindingsfromthe2015LouisianaSurvey.
4
Figure1:TaxIncentivesPopular,More
SupportforReducingTaxesthanfor
Payments
%favororoppose
Rep
All
TaxReductions
Ind
Likemanystates,Louisianaofferstaxbreaksto
businessesinordertoattractthemtolocatein
thestate.Theseincentivestaketwogeneral
forms.Insomecases,thestateofferstax
exemptionsordeductionswhichreducethe
amountoftaxesacompanymayhavetopay.In
othercases,thestateoffersrefundabletax
credits,meaningthatifacompany’scredits
exceeditstaxbillthestatepayspublicfunds
directlytothecompany.Recently,these
programshavecomeunderscrutinyasthestate
facesbudgetshortfalls.
Toexaminehowthestructureoftaxincentives
mightshapepublicsupport,the2015Louisiana
Surveyincludesanexperimenttocompare
responsestotwoquestions.Forthetax
reductionsquestion,respondentssaywhether
theyfavororoppose“reducingstatetaxeson
businessesandmanufacturerstogetthemto
cometoLouisiana.”Forthepaymentsquestion,
respondentssaywhethertheyfavororoppose
“usingstategovernmentfundstopaybusinesses
andmanufacturerstogetthemtocometo
Louisiana.”Thedescriptionsoftheprogramsare
designedtobemoreaccessibletothelayman
thanformalpolicyjargonwouldallow.Each
respondentisrandomlyassignedtogetonlythe
taxreductionsquestionoronlythepayments
question.
Forthetaxreductionsquestion,72%favorthis
kindofincentivetoattractbusinessestothestate
(Figure1).Furthermore,theseprogramshave
thesupportfromlargemajoritiesinboth
Republicans(80%)andDemocrats(62%).
Forthepaymentsquestion,supportdropsby17
percentagepointsandoppositionnearlydoubles
overthetaxreductionsversion.Still,amajority
(55%)favorstheseincentivesaswell.Theeffect
ofpolicydesignonopinionislargeramong
RepublicansthanamongDemocrats.Supportfor
paymentsis22percentagepointslowerthan
supportfortaxreductionsamongRepublicans.
Thedifferencesis14percentagepointsamong
Democrats.ThisdropleavesDemocratsevenly
splitonpayments(48%favorand47%oppose).
Dem
PublicLikesReducingTaxeson
BusinessesMorethanIssuing
Payments
72
Payments
55
23
40
TaxReductions
80
Payments
58
TaxReductions
17
32
73
Payments
60
TaxReductions
62
Payments
48
Favor
23
37
29
47
DK/Refuse
Oppose
LouisianaSurvey,2015
PublicPolicyResearchLab
CriticismsMoveDemocrats,Not
Republicans
Supportersoftheseincentivesclaimtheycreate
jobsbybringingbusinessestoLouisiana.Critics
contendthattheseprogramsreducestate
revenuebymorethanonebilliondollarsayear.
Criticsalsochallengetheeffectivenessofthese
programs,arguingthatcompaniesmayclaimthe
benefitsevenwhentheydonotcreatejobs.
The2015LouisianaSurveyusesasecond
experimenttoexaminehowsensitivethepublic
istothesearguments.Thesurveyincludestwo
5
versiontotheeffectivenessversion.Theformer
versionwinsaclearmajorityofsupportamong
Democrats(60%),whilethelatterversion
dividesopinionsuchthatneithersidehasa
majority.
Figure2:DemocratsMoreSensitiveto
CriticismsofTaxIncentives
Ind
Rep
All
%favororoppose
Dem
questionsthatfeaturedifferentargumentsabout
theincentives.Bothquestionsincludean
argumentinfavoroftheincentivesandan
argumentinopposition.Theargumentinsupport
oftheincentivesisthesameinbothquestions:
“Supporterssaytheseprogramscreatejobsand
growtheeconomy.”
Theargumentagainsttheincentivesisdifferent
acrossthetwoquestions.Thecostsversionofthe
questionincludesthestatement:“Criticssay
theseprogramsnowcostthestatemorethanone
billiondollarsayearthatcouldotherwisebeused
forthingslikeeducationandhealthcare.”The
effectivenessversionincludesthestatement:
“Criticssaythestatelosesmoneyonthese
programswhenbusinessesthattakethe
incentivesfailtocreatejobs.”Eachrespondentis
randomlyassignedtoonlyoneofthesetwo
questions.1
Forbothversions,supportfortheincentivesis
closeto60%,andaboutonethirdofrespondents
oppose.Thesesmalldifferencesacrossthetwo
versionsmaskmoresignificantdifferencesacross
thepoliticalparties.Thereisnoevidencethat
Republicansaremovedmorebyonesetof
argumentsovertheother;thepatternsofopinion
forRepublicansarestatisticallyindistinguishable
acrossthetwoversions(seeFigure2).
Democratsaremuchmoresensitivetothe
elementsofthedebate.Supportforthese
programsdropsbytwelvepercentagepoints
amongDemocratswhenmovingfromthecosts
Costs
63
32
Effectiveness
59
33
Costs
73
20
Effectiveness
71
23
Costs
60
36
Effectiveness
62
33
Costs
60
35
Effectiveness
42
48
Favor
DK/Refuse
Oppose
NOTE:The costsversionincludesthestatement:"Criticssay
theseprogramsnowcostthestatemorethanonebilliondollars
ayear."Theeffectiveness versionincludes"Criticssaythestate
losesmoneyontheseprogramswhenbusinessesthattakethe
incentivesfailtocreatejobs."
LouisianaSurvey,2015
PublicPolicyResearchLab
1Additionally,theorderinwhichthesupportand
oppositionargumentsappearisalsorandomized
withineachversionofthequestion.
6
SurveyMethodology
Datainthisreportarefromarandomlyselected,statewiderepresentativegroupofadultresidentsof
Louisiana.DatawerecollectedviatelephoneinterviewsconductedfromJanuary12toFebruary13,2015,
amongarandomlyselectedstatesampleof980adultresidents(18yearsorolder).Thesurveyincludesa
traditionallandlinetelephonesurveycombinedwithasurveyofLouisianacellphoneusers.Thecombined
sampleof980respondentsincludes542respondentsinterviewedonalandlineand438respondents
interviewedonacellphone.Thecellphonesampleincludes292respondentswhohavenolandline.The
designofthelandlinesampleensuresrepresentationofbothlistedandunlistednumbersbyuseofrandom
digitdialing.Thecellphonesampleisrandomlydrawnfromknown,availablephonenumberbanks
dedicatedtowirelessservice.
Theresponserateis7%forthelandlinesampleand6%forthecellphonesample.Thisresponserateis
thepercentageofresidentialhouseholdsorpersonalcellphonesforwhichaninterviewiscompleted.The
ratesarecalculatedusingtheAmericanAssociationforPublicOpinionResearch’smethodforResponse
Rate3aspublishedintheirStandardDefinitions.Responserateshavedeclinedsteadilyforallsurveys
overthepastseveraldecades.Theresponseratesforthe2015LouisianaSurveyarewithintherangeof
whatnationalsurveyresearchorganizationssuchasGallupandthePewResearchCenterhavereported.
Thecombinedlandlineandcellphonesampleisweightedusinganiterativeprocedurethatmatchesrace
andethnicity,education,householdincome,genderandagetoknownprofilesforLouisianafoundinthe
CensusBureau’sAmericanCommunitySurvey.Thesampleisalsoweightedforpopulationdensityby
parishusingparametersfrom2012UnitedStatesCensusdata.Thespecificfactorsusedforweightingare:
parishofresidence,gender,age,householdincome,education,race,andHispanicethnicity.
Weightingcannoteliminateeverysourceofnonresponsebias.However,properconductionofrandom
samplingcombinedwithacceptedweightingtechniqueshasastrongrecordofyieldingunbiasedresults.
Themarginoferrorandtestsforstatisticalsignificancetakethisweightingintoaccount.
Theoverallsurveyhasamarginoferrorof+/‐3.1percentagepoints.However,severaloftheresultsin
thisreportarebasedonsubsetsfromthesample,includinganalysisofexperimentsutilizingmultiple
versionsofquestionsrandomlyassignedtodifferentsetsofrespondentsaswellascomparisonsof
demographicorpartisansubgroups.Themarginoferrorforthesecomparisonsarelargerthanforthe
totalsample.
Inadditiontosamplingerror,asaccountedforthroughthemarginoferror,readersshouldrecognizethat
questionswordingandpracticaldifficultiesinconductingsurveyscanintroduceerrororbiasintothe
findingsofopinionpolls.
Pleasedirectanyquestionsconcerningsurveymethodologyto:
Dr.MichaelHenderson,ResearchDirector,PPRL
mbhende1@lsu.edu
225‐578‐5149
7
RegionalDefinitions
Respondentsaredividedintosixregionalgroupsbasedonparishofresidenceusingthefollowing
classifications:
NewOrleansArea:Jefferson,Orleans,Plaquemines,St.Bernard
[164respondents]
BatonRougeArea:Ascension,EastBatonRouge,EastFeliciana,Iberville,Livingston,PointCoupee,St.
Helena,WestBatonRouge,WestFeliciana
[191respondents]
NorthwestLouisiana:Bienville,Bossier,Caddo,Claiborne,DeSoto,Natchitoches,RedRiver,Sabine,Union,
Vernon,Webster
[144respondents]
NortheastLouisiana:Avoyelles,Caldwell,Catahoula,Concordia,EastCarroll,Franklin,Grant,Jackson,La
Salle,Lincoln,Madison,Morehouse,Ouachita,Rapides,Richland,Tensas,WestCarroll,Winn
[133respondents]
SouthwestLouisiana:Acadia,Allen,Beauregard,Calcasieu,Cameron,Evangeline,Iberia,JeffersonDavis,
Lafayette,St.Landry,St.Martin,St.Mary,Vermilion
[169respondents]
SoutheastLouisiana(excludingNewOrleansAreaandBatonRougeArea):Assumption,Lafourche,St.
Charles,St.James,St.JohntheBaptist,St.Tammany,Tangipahoa,Terrebonne,Washington
[175respondents]
8
SurveyToplines
NOTE:Frequenciesrepresentpercentagesofrespondentswhoreceivedthequestion.Percentagesmaynot
sumto100duetorounding.Questionsfieldedto980respondentsexceptwhereotherwisenoted.
Q1.–Q15.PREVIOUSLYRELEASED
Q16.HELDFORFUTURERELEASE
Q17.–Q19.PREVIOUSLYRELEASED
Q20.–Q25.HELDFORFUTURERELEASE
Q26.–Q27.PREVIOUSLYRELEASED
[RANDOMLYASSIGNTOQ28AORQ28B]
Q28A.Doyoufavororopposereducingstatetaxesonbusinessesandmanufacturerstogetthemtocometo
Louisiana?
[n=590]
Favor 72
Oppose
23
DK/Refused(Vol)
5
Q28B.Doyoufavororopposeusingstategovernmentfundstopaybusinessesandmanufacturerstoget
themtocometoLouisiana?
[n=390]
Favor 55
Oppose
40
DK/Refused(Vol)
6
9
[RANDOMLYASSIGNTOQ29A,Q29B,Q29C,orQ29D]
Q29A.ThegovernmentofLouisianaoffersbusinessesavarietyoffinancialincentivestogetthemtocome
tothestate.Supporterssaytheseprogramscreatejobsandgrowtheeconomy.Criticssaytheseprograms
nowcostthestatemorethanonebilliondollarsayearthatcouldotherwisebeusedforthingslike
educationandhealthcare.Whataboutyou,doyoufavororopposetheseprograms?
[n=249]
Favor 61
Oppose
34
DK/Refused(Vol)
6
Q29B.ThegovernmentofLouisianaoffersbusinessesavarietyoffinancialincentivestogetthemtocome
tothestate.Criticssaytheseprogramsnowcostthestatemorethanonebilliondollarsayearthatcould
otherwisebeusedforthingslikeeducationandhealthcare.Supporterssaytheseprogramscreatejobsand
growtheeconomy.Whataboutyou,doyoufavororopposetheseprograms?
[n=243]
Favor 66
Oppose
30
DK/Refused(Vol)
5
Q29C.ThegovernmentofLouisianaoffersbusinessesavarietyoffinancialincentivestogetthemtocome
tothestate.Supporterssaytheseprogramscreatejobsandgrowtheeconomy.Criticssaythestateloses
moneyontheseprogramswhenbusinessesthattaketheincentivesfailtocreatejobs.Whataboutyou,do
youfavororopposetheseprograms?
[n=228]
Favor 64
Oppose
28
DK/Refused(Vol)
8
Q29D.ThegovernmentofLouisianaoffersbusinessesavarietyoffinancialincentivestogetthemtocome
tothestate.Criticssaythestatelosesmoneyontheseprogramswhenbusinessesthattaketheincentives
failtocreatejobs.Supporterssaytheseprogramscreatejobsandgrowtheeconomy.Whataboutyou,do
youfavororopposetheseprograms?
[n=260]
Favor 55
Oppose
39
DK/Refused(Vol)
7
Q30.–Q50.PREVIOUSLYRELEASED
Q51.–Q60.HELDFORFUTURERELEASE
10
Q61.PREVIOUSLYRELEASED
Q62.–Q80.HELDFORFUTURERELEASE
Q81.GenerallyspeakingdoyouconsideryourselfaDemocrat,Republican,Independent,orwhat?
Democrat
35
Republican
27
Independent 28
Other 8
DK/Refused(Vol)
2
[ASKONLYIFANSWERED“Democrat”OR“Republican”TOQ81]
Q82.Wouldyouconsideryourselfastrongoranotsostrong[INSERTANSWERTOQ81]?
[n=651]
Strong 59
NotsoStrong 38
DK/Refused(Vol)
2
[ASKONLYIFDIDNOTANSWER“Democrat”OR“Republican”TOQ81]
Q83.Wouldyousay,youleantotheDemocraticPartyorRepublicanParty,orwouldyousayyoudon'tlean
toeitherparty?
[n=329]
DemocraticParty
16
RepublicanParty
21
Independent(Don'tleantoeitherparty)
60
DK/Refused(Vol)
4
Q84.Wejusthaveafewfollowupquestionsleft.Yourdataisveryhelpfulandwillbeusedonlyfor
statisticalpurposes.Inwhatyearwereyouborn?
[Open‐ended] [Answerscodedintocategories]
18‐29 24
30‐49 32
50‐64 27
65orolder
17
DK/Refused(Vol)
0
11
Q85.Doyouownyourownhome,payrent,orsomethingelse?
Ownhome
62
PayRent
22
Somethingelse
16
DK/Refused(Vol)
1
Q86.Anddoanychildrenundertheageof18currentlyresideinyourhousehold?
Yes
39
No
61
DK/Refused(Vol)
0
[ASKONLYIFANSWERED“Yes”TOQ86]
Q87.DoanyofthesechildrenattendapublicschoolinLouisiana?
[n=291]
Yes
71
No
29
DK/Refused(Vol)
0
Q88.Whichofthefollowingcategoriesbestdescribesyourlevelofeducation?PleasestopmewhenIgetto
thatcategory.
6
Lessthan9thgrade
11
9th–11thgrade
Highschooldiploma,nocollege
34
SomecollegeorvocationalDegree
26
Four‐yearcollegedegree
11
Somegraduateschool 3
Advanceddegree
7
DK/Refused(Vol)
0
Q89.Whatisyourcurrentmaritalstatus?
Married
46
Single 34
Divorced
9
Separated
3
Widowed
7
DK/Refused(Vol)
0
12
Q90.Andwhatisyourzipcode?
[ENTERRESPONSE]
Q91.AreyouofHispanic,Latino,orSpanishorigin?
Yes
4
No
95
DK/Refused(Vol)
0
Q92.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyou?AreyouWhite,African‐American,Asian,orsomething
else?
White 62
African‐American
32
Asian 7
Other 4
DK/Refused(Vol)
1
Q93.IsyourreligiouspreferenceChristian,Jewish,Muslim,Agnostic,Atheists,orsomethingelse?
Christian
81
Jewish 1
Muslim
0
Agnostic
2
Atheist
1
SomethingElse
15
DK/Refused(Vol)
0
[ASKONLYIFANSWERED“Christian”TOQ93]
Q94.DoyougenerallyconsideryourselfProtestant,Catholic,nondenominational,orsomethingelse?
[n=840]
Protestant
12
Catholic
34
Baptist
23
Nondenominational 20
Somethingelse
11
DK/Refused(Vol)
1
13
[ASKONLYIFANSWERED“Christian”TOQ93]
Q95.Doyougenerallyconsideryourselfanevangelicalorbornagain?
[n=840]
Yes
49
No
45
DK/Refused(Vol)
7
Q96.Howoftendoyouattendservicesatachurch,synagogue,mosque,orotherplaceofworship?...Never,
onceayear,afewtimesayear,onceamonth,abouttwiceamonth,onceaweekormoreoften
Never 11
Onceayear 6
Afewtimesayear
18
Onceamonth 10
Abouttwiceamonth 11
Onceaweekormoreoften 44
DK/Refused(Vol)
6
Q97.Areyoucurrentlyemployedfull‐time,employedpart‐time,retired,unemployedandlookingforwork,
ornotemployedandnotlookingforwork?
EmployedFull‐time 52
EmployedPart‐time 10
Retired
17
Unemployedandlookingforwork
9
Notemployedandnotlookingforwork
8
OnDisability(Vol)
5
DK/Refused(Vol)
0
Q98.Wewouldliketoknowwhatyourhouseholdincomewaslastyearbeforetaxes.Thisinformationwill
remainstrictlyconfidentialandwillonlybeusedforstatisticalpurposes.PleasestopmewhenIgettothe
categorythatincludesyourhouseholdincome.
Under$10,000
10
$10,000‐$19,999
16
$20,000‐$29,999
10
$30,000‐$39,999
5
$40,000‐$49,999
4
$50,000‐$74,999
14
$75,000‐$99,999
10
$100,000‐$199,999 15
$200,000ormore
3
DK/Refused(Vol)
14
14
Q99.[RECORDGENDER.DONOTASK.]
Male 48
Female
52
15