MUSCLES AND MOVEMENT
To know the meaning of origin and insertion of a
variety of muscles
To understand the different muscular movements
To be able to develop a mind map on joints
and movements.
STARTER
IN PAIRS IDENIFTY THE TYPE OF
MOVEMENTS OCCURING AT EACH
JOINT.
http://www.wisconline.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP
12004
The Origin and Insertion

When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the other
stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the
bone are known as the origin and the insertion.

The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary
bone(s).

The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving
bone(s).
Origin
The arm is being flexed.
Insertion
The radius and ulna are the moving bones- INSERTION
The humerus and scapular are stationary bones- ORIGIN
Antagonistic Muscles

Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the
bones by strong cords known as tendons.

They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create
movement.
E.g Biceps brachii and triceps brachii = known as ANTAGONISTIC
MUSCLE ACTION.
AS one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.
Movement of the arm
at the elbow
Flexion (Bending) of the Arm

The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the
movement is called the agonist or prime mover.

The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place
is called the antagonist.
Agonist or Prime Mover
(Biceps contract)

Antagonist
(Triceps relax)
Other muscles support the prime mover (agonist) in creating
movement and these are called synergists.
 Fixtor-the muscle that allows the agonist to work, stabilising the
origin.
SPINE
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
Flexion of the trunk
Lateral flexion of the trunk
ORIGIN: Pelvis
INSERTION: Sternum and ribs
STRENGTHENING
EXERCISE: Crunches
Application: sit-ups
Cartwheels
Pike in diving
ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP
MOVEMENT: Extension of the trunk
Lateral flexion of the trunk
ORIGIN: Pelvis
INSERTION: Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: back
extensions
Application: straightening out from a pike
rowing
Swimming (body position)
TRAPEZIUS
MOVEMENT- raise the head
Pull the shoulders back
Raise and drop the scapula
Extension of the shoulder
ORIGIN- Base of the cranium, 7th
cervical vertebrae and all thoracic
vertebrae
INSERTION- Clavicle and Scapula STRENGTHENING
EXERCISE: scaption
APPLICATION: rowing
Pull shoulders back in
throwing
Looking up in basketball
LATISSIMUS DORSI
MOVEMENT: Adduction and
extension of the shoulder
Internal rotation of the shoulder
ORIGIN: Thoracic, Lumbar,
sacrum spine and pelvis
INSERTION: anterior aspect of
Humerus
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Chin ups
APPLICATION: recovery in breaststroke
Ten-pin bowling
Drawing arm back to punch
DELTOID
MOVEMENT: Flexion,
extension, abduction and
rotation of the shoulder
ORIGIN: Clavicle and Scapula
INSERTION: Humerus
STRENGTHENING
EXERCISE: Back press
APPLICATION: throwing
Punching
swimming
PECTRALIS MAJOR
MOVEMENT: Flexion of the shoulder,
Adduction of the arm
Internal rotation of the shoulder
ORIGIN: Clavicle, sternum, 6th rib
INSERTION: Humerus
STRENGTHENING
EXERCISE: Seated rows
APPLICATION: Pressups
Punching
throwing
BICEPS BRACHII
MOVEMENT: Flexion of the elbow
Flexion of the shoulder
ORIGIN: Scapula
INSERTION: Upper aspect of the radius
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE:
dumbell curls
APPLICATION: biceps curl
Rowing
Recovery in breaststroke
TRICEPS
MOVEMENT: Extension of the
elbow
Extension of the shoulder
ORIGIN: Scapula
INSERTION: Upper aspect of the
ulna
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE:
tricep dips
APPLICATION: karate chop
Press-ups
punching
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
MOVEMENT: Flexion of fingers (make a fist)
Flexion of wrist
ORIGIN: proximal
aspect of the radius
& ulna
INSERTION: fingers
Strengthening Exercise: Wrist curls
APPLICATION: punching
Hold a racquet
Wrist ‘dink’ in a set shot
(volleyball)
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
MOVEMENT: Extension of fingers
Extension of wrist
ORIGIN: proximal
aspect of the radius
& ulna
INSERTION: fingers
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: reverse wrist
curls
APPLICATION: karate chop
Fend in tackling
Set shot in volleyball
ILIOPSOAS
MOVEMENT: Flexion of the hip
ORIGIN: Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION: upper Femur
STRENGTHENING
EXERCISE: Sit ups
APPLICATION: kicking
Running
cycling
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
MOVEMENT: Extension, abduction and
external rotation of the leg
ORIGIN: Pelvis (ilium),
sacrum and coccyx
INSERTION: Femur (upper third)
Strengthening exercises; Bent knee hip extensions
APPLICATION: jumping
kicking
running
HIP
Movement: Abduction, rotation
Muscles: Gluteus medius and
minimus
Origin: Pelvis
Insertion: Femur
Strengthening exercises; Floor hip
abductions
QUADRICEPS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Laterais
Vastus Intermedius (not shown)
MOVEMENT: Flexion of the hip
Extension of the knee
ORIGIN: Pelvis
INSERTION: Femur
Strengthening exercises: Bent
knee hip extensions
APPLICATION: jumping
kicking
running
Hamstrings
1. Semitendinsus
2. Biceps femoris
3. semimembranosus
MOVEMENT: Extension of the hip
Flexion of the knee
ORIGIN: Pelvis
INSERTION: Femur
Strengthening exercises: Bent
knee hip extensions
APPLICATION: jumping
kicking
running
Gastrocnemius
Movement:Knee flexion
plantarflexion
Origin: femur
Insertion: Tarsals (Calcaneus)
Strengthening exercises: one leg toe
raises
APPLICATION: pointing toes
Kicking
jumping
Soleus
Movement: Plantarflexion
Origin: Proximal aspect of tibia and
fibula
Insertion: Tarsal (Calcaneus)
Strengthening exercises: one leg toe
raises
APPLICATION: pointing toes
Kicking
jumping
Tibialis Anterior
Movement: Dorsiflexion
inversion
Origin: Tibia
Insertion: Tarsals and metatarsals
Strengthening exercises; one leg
toes raises
APPLICATION: passing with the
outside of the foot in soccer
Kicking (recovery)
rowing
KNEE
KNEE
Movement: Flexion, extension
Muscles: Hamstring ( biceps
femoris, semiteninosus,
Semimembranosus
Origin: Pelvis, Femur
Insertion: Tibia and Fibula
Strengthening exercises; Leg
curls
Knee
Knee
Movement: Flexion, extension
Muscles:Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus
lateralis, vastus
Medialis, vastus intermediuus
Origin: Pelvis, Femur
Insertion: Tibia
Strengthening exercises; Dumbbell
squats
Elbow joint
Radioulnar joint
Movement: Supination and Pronation
Insertion: Radius
Origin: Humerus and ulna
Strengthening exercises;
Dumb bell curls (downward and
upward)
Elbow joint
FLEXION
EXTENSION
Origin: Scapula
Origin: Scapula and humerus
Insertion: Radius
Insertion: Ulna
Agonist;
Biceps
Antagonist;
Triceps
Strengthening exercises; Biceps curls and
tricep extensions
INTERNAL OBLIQUES
MOVEMENT: Lateral flexion, rotation
ORIGIN: Pelvis
INSERTION: Ribs
EXTERNAL OBLIQUES
MOVEMENT: Flexion
ORIGIN: RIBS
INSERTION: Pelvis
STRENGTHENING
EXERCISE; Broomstick twists
WRIST EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS
Movement: Flexion and Extension
Origin: Humerus, radius, ulna
Insertion: Carpels, Metacarpels, Phalanges
Strengthening exercises; Wrist curls, Reverse wrist curls
TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION
ISOTONIC- the muscle is moving while contracting, it
can be divided into concentric and eccentric contractions
CONCENTRIC- contractions involve the muscle shortening
while contracting e.g biceps brachii in elbow flexion
ECCENTRIC- contraction involves muscle lengthening
whilst contracting e.g. bicep brachii in elbow extension
ISOMETRIC
Contractions occur
when there is tension on
the muscle but NO
movement
E.G static contractions
occur when holding your
weight in a stationary
position
HANDSTAND
MUSCLE
SHORTENING
MUSCLE
LENGTHENING
ISOKINETIC
Contractions cause the muscle to
shorten in length and
increase in tension whilst working
at a constant speed
against a variable resistance
E.G. running on a treadmill
ISOKINETIC MEANS ‘SAME
SPEED’