BEST PRACTICE
GUIDELINES
Mobile Elevating
Work Platforms
AUGUST 2014
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
WorkSafe NZ would like to thank the following for their input and involvement in the development
of these guidelines:
>> Asplundh
>> Central Hire Services Ltd
>> Elevating Work Platform Association (EWPA)
>> EWP Technical Solutions Ltd
>> The Fletcher Construction Company Ltd
>> Franklin Tree Services Ltd
>> Hire Industry Association of New Zealand (Inc) (HIANZ)
>> Hirepool Ltd
>> Hydralada Company Limited
>> NZ Amalgamated Engineering, Printing & Manufacturing Union Inc. (EPMU)
>> Safety’n Action Ltd
>> Site Safe Ltd
>> Snorkel New Zealand Ltd
>> Transpower New Zealand Ltd.
DISCLAIMER
WorkSafe NZ has made every effort to ensure that the information in these guidelines is reliable, but
we make no guarantee of its accuracy or completeness and do not accept any liability for any errors.
WorkSafe NZ may change, add to, delete from or otherwise amend the contents of this guideline at
any time without notice.
ISBN number online: 978-0-478-43325-8
ISBN number print: 978-0-478-43326-5
Except for the logos of WorkSafe NZ, this copyright work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Non-commercial 3.0 NZ licence.
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/nz/
In essence, you are free to copy, communicate and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, as long
as you attribute the work to WorkSafe NZ and abide by the other licence terms.
MORE INFORMATION
Information, examples and answers to your questions about the topics covered here can be found on our
website www.worksafe.govt.nz or by calling us free on 0800 030 040.
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01
INTRODUCTION5
1.1 Scope and application6
1.2
Definitions8
SAFE WORK PRACTICES WHEN USING
MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
02
2.1
Hazard management11
2.2
Identify hazards11
2.3
Assess the hazard12
2.4
Hazard controls12
2.5
2.6
03
>> Confined overhead working
12
>> Ground conditions
12
>> Outriggers
12
>> Preventing falls
12
>> Falling objects
13
>> Weather
13
>> Handling materials
13
>> Working near or over water
13
>> Nearby hazards
13
>> Travelling between work areas
13
>> Working near others
13
Electrical hazards13
>> No-go zone – Stay 4 metres away from overhead power lines
13
>> Exclusion zone – 4 to 6.4 metres from power lines
14
>> Operating within the exclusion zone
14
>> Emergency procedures
14
>> Electricity industry safety information
15
Weather conditions and wind15
PLANNING THE WORK
3.1
1
10
16
Stages of planning17
>> Identify the tasks to be done
17
>> Identify the hazards associated with the task
17
>> Pick the right MEWP for the job
17
3.2
3.3
>> Identify control measures
17
>> Develop the plan
17
>> Make a plan for what to do in an emergency
17
>> Record the plan, including any rescue plan
18
>> Involve people and talk to everyone working on the job about the plan
18
>> Review the plan before the job starts
18
Transporting MEWPs18
>> Getting ready to transport
19
>> Method of loading MEWPs
19
>> Method of unloading MEWPs
19
Use of harness systems20
>> Harness systems in scissor lifts
20
>> Harness systems in general
20
>> Getting on and off the platform when it is elevated
04
DESIGN22
4.1
General requirements23
>> Types of mobile elevating work platforms (representative)
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
05
>> Compliance of all machines currently in New Zealand
25
>> Compliance of imported second-hand machines
25
>> Modification of a MEWP
26
Machine controls26
>> Switching on and using the MEWP
26
>> Direction of movement
26
>> Work platform controls: location, accessibility, protection
26
>> Duplicate controls
26
>> Emergency stops
26
>> Other requirements
26
Safety features27
>> General features
27
>> Platform and guardrails
28
>> Fuel and exhaust systems
28
Markings, documentation and records28
MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
30
Logbook and registers31
>> Records
5.2
23
Compliance and modification of work platforms25
5.1
2
21
31
Maintenance31
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
5.3
5.4
06
07
Inspection32
>> Pre-operation inspection
32
>> Routine inspection
36
Six-monthly inspection37
>> Operational test and check
37
>> Certification
37
>> Competent person for inspection
38
5.5
Electrical insulation testing38
5.6
PAT Testing39
5.7
Acoustic emission testing of fibreglass booms39
5.8
Enhanced periodic inspections39
5.9
Major inspections39
5.10 Repairs
40
MEWP OPERATOR TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
41
6.1
General training
42
6.2
Getting to know your MEWP
43
6.3
Refresher training and assessment43
6.4
Working at height43
APPENDICES44
7.1
Legal framework45
7.2
Duty holder responsibilities45
>> Employer responsibilities
45
>> Employee responsibilities
45
>> Principals and contractors
46
>> Self-employed
46
>> Person who controls a place of work
46
>> Employee participation
47
7.3
Obligations for employers, owners, suppliers and principals using MEWPs47
7.4
Inspection and certification requirements47
7.5
Notification of hazardous works and serious harm48
>> Notification of particular hazardous work
48
>> Work that needs to be notified to WorkSafe NZ
48
7.6
Hazards faced when using a MEWP49
7.7
Example checklist to pick the right MEWP
7.8
Example MEWPs hazard assessment checklist52
7.9
Example MEWP prestart inspection checklist56
50
7.10 Publications and reference material59
3
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
TABLES
1
Table 6.4.2 of AS 2550.10: Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe Use – Mobile
Elevating Work Platforms
2
Unit standard requirements by the MEWP type43
32
FIGURES
1
Attach harnesses to a certified anchor point on the MEWP.
21
2 Before starting work, operators should be familiar with the type
of MEWP they are using.
29
3
Decals for rated capacity displayed on the MEWP.
29
4
Typical features of self-propelled boom lifts.
33
5
Typical features of scissor-lifts.
34
6
Typical features of trailer mounted boom-lift.
35
7
The operator checks the MEWP’s controls before starting work.
36
8 The operator’s manual must be kept with the MEWP in a weather
proof container.
37
9 The operator’s logbook should be kept in a pouch located within the
basket on the machine.
37
10 Example six-monthly test certificate.
38
11 Inspect the MEWP before use.
56
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
01/
INTRODUCTION
IN THIS SECTION:
5
1.1
Scope and application
1.2
Definitions
5
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) are useful but
complex pieces of equipment that are often used for
access in hazardous areas. People have been seriously
injured and killed in accidents involving MEWPs.
The causes of these accidents have included:
>> electrical supply and distribution
>> equipment failure
>> film and television
>> not following the manufacturer’s
>> plant and machinery hire
recommendations
>> port operations
>> inadequate training and supervision
>> sign writing and advertising
>> not fully assessing the hazards and risks of
>> stock picking
the job, site and the equipment.
The guidelines outline the safe work practices
on how to use and maintain MEWPs safely
and help duty holders meet their obligations
under the Health and Safety in Employment
Act 1992 (HSE Act), and the Health and
Safety in Regulations 1995 (HSE Regulations).
Duty holders include employers, employees,
principals, designers and manufacturers,
>> railways
>> telecommunications
>> warehousing.
1.1
SCOPE AND APPLICATION
The advice in these guidelines represents the
current state of knowledge (the best available
at the time of publication) on the safe design,
hirers and suppliers engaged in work
use and maintenance of MEWPs.
associated with MEWPs.
It includes the principles and requirements for
This document is based on the current state
using MEWPs that are common across a broad
of knowledge for the safe use of MEWPs.
range of industries and applications.
There may be other methods or processes
This document refers to other guidance
that meet the requirements for providing a
material about MEWP safety and hazard
safe workplace under the HSE Act.
control measures. This includes industry
The Best Practice Guidelines for Mobile
standards, codes of practice, guidelines,
Elevating Work Platforms are non-industry
specific. Some industries have guidelines
that deal with specific problems faced in their
manufacturers’ instructions and other material.
This document does not repeat the information
from these sources but incorporates their key
working environments, such as the electricity
principles where possible.
sector or horticulture. When deciding how
These guidelines apply to work platforms
to do a job safely, make sure you check any
where the height of the platform can be
industry specific guidance.
adjusted by powered scissor mechanisms,
These guidelines may apply to the following
telescoping boom or tower, articulation
activities and industries:
>> arboriculture
or any combination of these. They can
be vehicle-mounted, self-propelled, towed
or moved by hand and used to access work
>> building and construction
above or below ground level. The guidelines
>> bush and forest industries
also apply to work platforms temporarily
or permanently attached to truck hoists.
6
SECTION 1.0 // INTRODUCTION
These guidelines do not apply to the following:
>> Forklift trucks with working platforms
(refer to WorkSafe NZ publication Forklifts
– Approved Code of Practice for Training
Operators and Instructors of Powered
Industrial Lift Trucks).
>> Cages or platforms attached to crane
hooks (refer to WorkSafe NZ publication
Approved Code of Practice for Cranes –
Includes the Design, Manufacture, Supply,
Safe Operation, Maintenance and Inspection
of Cranes (Cranes ACOP)).
>> Work platforms temporarily attached to a
mobile crane (refer to the Cranes ACOP).
>> Suspended scaffolds (refer to Best Practice
Guidelines for Scaffolding in New Zealand).
>> Lifts or elevators (refer to New Zealand
Standard NZS 4332: Non-Domestic
Passenger and Goods Lifts).
>> Telescopic handlers, except when
configured as a MEWP.
>> Horticultural MEWP (See Best Practice
Guideline: Safe Use of Elevating Work
Platforms in the Horticultural Industry).
>> The New Zealand Fire Service.
>> Building maintenance units.
7
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
1.2
DEFINITIONS
HSE Act
The Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992.
HSE Regulations
The Health and Safety in Employment Regulations 1995.
All practicable steps
Defined in the Health and Safety in Employment Act as being in relation to
achieving any result in any circumstances, means all steps to achieve the result
that it is reasonably practicable to take in the circumstances, having regard to —
a. the nature and severity of the harm that may be suffered if the result is not
achieved; and
b. the current state of knowledge about the likelihood that harm of that
nature and severity will be suffered if the result is not achieved; and
c. the current state of knowledge about harm of that nature; and
d. the current state of knowledge about the means available to achieve the
result, and about the likely efficacy of each of those means; and
e. the availability and cost of each of those means.
To avoid doubt, a person required by this Act to take all practicable steps is
required to take those steps only in respect of circumstances that the person
knows or ought reasonably to know about.
Anemometer
A device for measuring wind speed.
Beaufort wind scale
A method that relates wind speed to observed conditions.
Competent person
A person who has acquired through training, qualification, experience or
a combination of these, the knowledge and skill enabling that person to
correctly perform the required task.
Note: Different types of MEWPs require different competencies, including
appropriate training and/or qualifications.
Critical component
One whose failure could result in a risk to the health and safety of persons
using the MEWP or in its vicinity.
Employee
As defined in the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, subject to
Sections 3C to 3F of the Act, means any person of any age employed by
an employer to do any work (other than residential work) for hire or reward
under a contract of service and, in relation to any employer, means an
employee of the employer.
Employer
According to the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992:
a. means a person who employs any other person to do any work for hire
or reward; and, in relation to any employee, means an employer of the
employee; and
b. includes, in relation to any person employed by the chief executive or
other employee of a Crown organisation to do any work for the Crown
organisation for hire or reward, that Crown organisation.
8
SECTION 1.0 // INTRODUCTION
Harness system
A safety harness with a lanyard incorporating a short energy absorber or
fit-for-purpose self-retracting lifeline (SRL) attached to a certified anchor
point. If using an adjustable lanyard arrangement the length will be adjusted
to a length as short as practicable that will restrain the operator inside
the platform.
Manual force
A side loading imposed on the machine by the operator pushing/pulling on
an object outside the work platform.
Mobile elevating work
platform (MEWP)
The complete machine including the platform, lifting mechanism, attachments,
chassis or vehicle as applicable.
Operator
A person who controls the movements of the MEWP.
Personal energy
absorber
A device that reduces the deceleration force imposed when a fall is suddenly
arrested, and correspondingly reduces the loadings on the anchorage and
the person’s body. The energy absorber may either be a separate item or
manufactured as part of the lanyard.
Principal
A person who, or organisation that, engages any person (other than as an
employee) to do any work for gain or reward.
Rated capacity
The maximum load, expressed in kilograms, for which the MEWP has been
designed for normal operation, and includes persons, tools, materials, acting
vertically on the work platform.
Safety observer
A person who watches the MEWP to warn the operator if they are getting too
close to overhead power lines or other hazards. An observer must not do any
other job while they are watching the MEWP.
Shall or must
Indicates a legal requirement.
Should
Indicates recommended best practice.
Spreader plates
An item that may be constructed of a suitable material (steel, timber or
other) to sit under outriggers that help distribute the weight of the MEWP
on softer ground.
Work platform
The portion of equipment where people carry out their work.
Work platform
supplier
Owner, hirer (supplying for hire) or supplier of a MEWP.
9
02/
SAFE WORK
PRACTICES WHEN
USING MEWPS
IN THIS SECTION:
10
2.1
Hazard management
2.2
Identify hazards
2.3
Assess the hazard
2.4
Hazard controls
2.5
Electrical hazards
2.6
Weather conditions and wind
SECTION 2.0 // SAFE WORK PRACTICES WHEN USING MEWPS
Identifying hazards and putting control measures in
place makes using MEWPs in the workplace safer.
Duty holders must choose the best MEWP for
the task, given the type of work and the work
environment. The work needs to be properly
2.1
HAZARD MANAGEMENT
Planning a safe way to do a job can help
planned and hazards managed at the worksite.
identify the hazards of any work using a
Operators must be trained and competent
management process, which is:
before using the MEWP and must follow
MEWP. Planning safe work includes the hazard
the manufacturer’s operating instructions.
>> Identify the hazards.
Operators must also use safe working
>> Assess the hazards – decide if the identified
practices and use the MEWP within its limits.
MEWPs can seriously injure people in the
following ways:
hazards are significant. Would they cause
serious harm?
>> Control the hazards – eliminate, isolate or
minimise the hazard. This includes selecting
the right MEWP for the task and workplace.
Entrapment
Overturning
Falling
An operator can get trapped
between the work platform
and a fixed structure, such as
when moving in tight overhead
areas of steelwork. Operators
can be trapped against the
platform controls and, if this
happens, they may not be able
to stop the MEWP.
On an uneven surface, the
MEWP can overturn throwing
the operator from the work
platform.
An operator can fall from the
platform while working. They
can even be catapulted out if,
for example, the wheels go into
a sink hole.
>> Maintain the work plan or other safety
documentation.
>> Monitor the hazards and keep the work plan
or task analysis updated
2.2
IDENTIFY HAZARDS
Identify and assess all hazards for every job,
site or task.
These are some ways to identify hazards while
working with a MEWP:
>> Physical inspections – walk around the
workplace using a checklist to identify and
manage hazards.
>> Task analysis – look at each task and
Collision
The MEWP may hit
pedestrians, or nearby vehicles
or touch overhead power lines.
identify the hazards involved.
>> Process analysis – identify hazards at each
stage of the project or piece of work.
>> Review accident and incident investigations
– identify hazards and see what caused any
accidents using investigations of accidents
on similar equipment or work.
See appendices 9.7 and 9.8 for examples of
hazard and site assessment checklists.
11
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
2.3
ASSESS THE HAZARD
Decide if the identified hazards are significant.
How likely is it that someone could be harmed
and, if they are harmed, how seriously could
they be hurt? If someone could be seriously
harmed, then it’s a significant hazard. All
significant hazards need to be controlled
to stop anyone being seriously hurt. While
GROUND CONDITIONS
>> Use the MEWP on firm and level ground
where possible. Make sure the MEWP is
rated for any slopes it may face. Problems
– like trenches, manholes and soft ground
conditions, – can cause a MEWP to
overturn.
>> Do not use a MEWP on a slope beyond the
significant hazards are a top priority, all
limits of the inclinometer or manufacturer’s
hazards should have effective controls.
specifications.
>> Make sure any temporary covers used to
2.4
HAZARD CONTROLS
First try and eliminate the hazard but if that’s
not possible, then isolate it, and as a last resort
try to reduce the harm that could be caused
by a hazard, by minimising it. A combination
of controls may need to be used.
Develop ways to control the hazards that use
‘group controls’ (such as edge protection) that
block holes are strong enough to take
the whole weight of the MEWP, including
the maximum rated capacity – that is the
weight of the MEWP fully loaded with
people, tools and equipment.
>> Be careful when reaching out from the
platform, going too far can affect stability,
especially when working on slopes.
protect more than one worker from a hazard.
OUTRIGGERS
Group controls are better than ‘individual
>> Set the outriggers correctly before using
controls’, which protect only one person (such
as a fall restraint).
In this section some of the main hazards
of using MEWPs are covered along with
recommended control measures. MEWPs that
comply with AS/NZS 1418.10 will have the
safety features listed below.
CONFINED OVERHEAD WORKING
Operators should:
>> be briefed on the risks of working in and
around structures where they could be
trapped or pinned between the platform
and the structure
>> be aware of their working environment
at all times
>> wear hardhats with a chin strap.
the MEWP.
>> Use the manufacturer’s instructions to set
the outriggers before raising the platform.
>> Use spreader plates when needed because
of the ground conditions. They should be
made of a material that gives good grip to
both the spreader foot and ground.
>> When setting up a MEWP on-ramps using
outriggers, extreme caution is required to
prevent slipping down the ramp. Do not set
up the outriggers’ footplates on a slope.
PREVENTING FALLS
>> Make sure the work platform has effective
guard rails and toe boards, if it is not fully
enclosed.
>> Use an appropriate harness system if
someone could fall from the MEWP. Secure
the harness to a certified anchor point
within the MEWP.
12
SECTION 2.0 // SAFE WORK PRACTICES WHEN USING MEWPS
FALLING OBJECTS
NEARBY HAZARDS
>> Isolate the area around the MEWP so
>> Check the area for nearby hazards,
that falling tools or objects do not strike
such as overhead power lines, traffic
people below.
or dangerous machinery.
>> Anyone working nearby should wear
a hard hat.
WEATHER
>> Poor weather can make affect a platform’s
stability and make it unsafe to use.
>> Only use a MEWP within the manufacturer’s
specified wind rating. The wind rating
should be on the manufacturer’s serial plate.
>> Bad weather and storms can also damage
a MEWP. After severe weather, inspect the
MEWP before using it again.
>> Do not park or store the MEWP with the
platform elevated.
HANDLING MATERIALS
>> If the MEWP is being used to install
materials, check the weight, dimensions and
distribution of the materials so it does not
exceed the rated capacity of the MEWP.
>> Do not use handrails to support loads.
>> Make sure workers can handle any
materials safely.
>> Use extra lifting equipment to move
materials to the work position, if needed.
WORKING NEAR OR OVER WATER
>> When working over or near water, assess
TRAVELLING BETWEEN WORK AREAS
>> The operator must face the direction the
MEWP is travelling in.
>> Lower the MEWP when travelling between
work areas.
>> Lower any boom and point it in line with the
direction of travel.
WORKING NEAR OTHERS
>> Use barriers to keep pedestrians and traffic
separated from where MEWPs are working.
2.5
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Any hazard assessment must identify:
>> all overhead power lines near the workplace
>> all trees, structures and work positions that
are within 4 metres of the power lines.
>> trees can conduct electricity if they are
too close to or touch live power lines.
All safety plans must include these
identified hazards and give details of
how the hazards are controlled.
>> treat all overhead power lines as being live,
unless the power company that owns the
power lines formally advises that the lines
are safe.
personal protective equipment should be
NO-GO ZONE – STAY 4 METRES AWAY FROM
OVERHEAD POWER LINES
worn and what control measures should
>> Never work within 4 metres of any power
the hazards and risks to decide what
be in place. Personal protective equipment
includes life jackets and harness systems.
>> Have a rescue plan in place and take into
line without first contacting the power
company. Written consent is required from
the power company before any work can
account the extra hazards working near
be done within 4 metres of the power line.
water can create.
A copy of the consent must be on site at
all times.
13
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
EXCLUSION ZONE – 4 TO 6.4 METRES FROM
POWER LINES
People working in the safety observer role
If any MEWP is likely to get closer than 6.4
Operators must not use mobile phones or
metres to an overhead power line, make sure:
electronic equipment of any kind to avoid
>> operators, the MEWP including loads,
being distracted.
attachments, tools and equipment, and all
Operators must not wear clothing that could
work activity must stay at least 4 metres
block their vision or movement in any way
away from any overhead power lines. This is
while working in the exclusion zone.
called the minimum approach distance (MAD)
>> hazard controls are in place to make sure
no one and nothing can enter the 4 metre
no-go zone (MAD)
>> the area between 6.4 and 4 metres from
the overhead power line is separated from
the workspace using cones or tape to show
where the exclusion zone is
>> the safety plan explains how the MEWP will
be used so the operator can always see the
power lines
>> all operators of machines are briefed on
limits to their movements and they must
understand only specific operators can
work in the exclusion zone (4–6.4 metres
from a power line).
OPERATING WITHIN THE EXCLUSION ZONE
Everyone must treat power lines as live until
the power company can formally advise that
any line is safe.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
If a MEWP does touch overhead power lines,
anyone in the MEWP should stay there and
warn any others nearby to stay clear. If it
is safe to do so, operate the controls to
break contact.
If it is not safe to break contact:
>> call for help, warning everyone to keep well
clear of the machine
>> stay put until the power company can deenergise the line and advise that it is safe to
get off the MEWP.
If help is not immediately available, electrical
Anyone working in the exclusion zone must
contact cannot be broken and there is an
be competent to operate the specific type
urgent reason to get off the MEWP (such
of MEWP used, be thoroughly briefed and
as fire):
must understand the dangers of working near
overhead power lines.
A competent safety observer must be present at
all times to make sure everyone and everything
(including the MEWP and tools) stay out of the
4 metre no-go zone (MAD).
The safety observer must be able to alert the
MEWP operator immediately if they are about
to enter the 4 metre no-go zone (MAD).
>> switch off the motor and – where applicable
– apply brakes
>> remove any loose clothing
>> climb to a point on the MEWP where you
can safely jump to the ground about 1 metre
above the ground
>> jump so that you are well clear of the
platform before any part of you touches
the ground
Operators working with MEWPs in the
>> fall away from the MEWP and not towards it
exclusion zone (4–6.4m) must obey any
>> do not touch the MEWP until the power
instructions given by the safety observer.
14
must not do any other task at the same time.
company advises it is safe to do so.
SECTION 2.0 // SAFE WORK PRACTICES WHEN USING MEWPS
ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY SAFETY
INFORMATION
Further information on how to use mobile
plant safely around power lines is on the
Electricity Engineers Association’s (EEA)
website at www.eea.co.nz. The EEA Guide
for Non-Electricity Industry Employees Using
Mobile Plant Near Power Lines and Electricity
Be aware that high buildings can funnel wind,
which can cause high winds even when wind
speed in open areas is low. This can even
happen indoors in large warehouses, aircraft
hangers and high rise buildings. Local wind
speeds can be increased by things like aircraft
slipstreams at airports and high-sided vehicles
on motorways.
Cables explains how to avoid electrical
hazards when using MEWPs near power lines.
It also has information to help people identify
electrical hazards.
The Guide for Electricity Supply Industry
Employees Using Mobile Plant gives the
minimum accepted practices for competent
electricity industry workers who are using
MEWPs for electricity industry work.
2.6 WEATHER CONDITIONS
AND WIND
All MEWPs (except those for indoor use)
can work in wind, up to a maximum rating.
The maximum wind rating must be clearly
marked clearly either on the machine or the
manufacturer’s serial plate. The MEWP must
not be operated outside the maximum limits.
A traditional method of assessing wind
speed is using the Beaufort wind scale. This
scale relies on an operator looking at their
environment to figure out wind speed. This
can lead to the operator underestimating
the wind speed and its hazards. Wind speed
increases with height and may be 50% faster
20 metres above ground.
An accurate way of measuring wind speed is
by using an anemometer. This is a common
tool used to assess weather conditions.
Building cladding, sheet materials, panels and
other such materials can act as sails and make
a MEWP more likely to tip over, especially in
gusty wind conditions. For the same reason,
never attach signboards, banners and the like
to the platform, even if it is for a short time.
15
03/
PLANNING THE
WORK
IN THIS SECTION:
16
3.1
Stages of planning
3.2
Transporting MEWPs
3.3
Use of harness systems
SECTION 3.0 // PLANNING THE WORK
Before starting the job, the first step is to plan how to do
the work safely. The nature of the task and the hazards
linked with it determine how much planning is needed.
At a minimum the following steps should
be taken.
>> ISO 16368 Annex H identifies some potential
hazards. These have been detailed in
Appendix 9.7 of this document.
3.1
STAGES OF PLANNING
Follow the steps below when planning any job:
PICK THE RIGHT MEWP FOR THE JOB
>> MEWPs vary in rated capacity, working
1. identify the tasks to be done
height and reach. The MEWP that best
2. identify the hazards linked to each task
matches the particular work task should be
3. pick the right MEWP for the job
4.identify control measures
5. develop your plan
6.make a plan for what to do in an emergency
7. record the planning, including any
rescue plan
8. involve people and talk to everyone working
on the job about the plan
9.review the plan before the job starts and
add any changes.
IDENTIFY THE TASKS TO BE DONE
>> First, identify exactly what work needs to be
done, where and when.
>> Visit the location and check the conditions
of the worksite. Take along site staff who
can identify hazards in the area and any
problems with the ground where the MEWP
will need to work.
>> For simple tasks, planning could happen
at the same time as the site visit. For more
chosen. The choice will be guided by the
limits of the worksite, ground conditions,
site access and how near the public or other
workers will be.
IDENTIFY CONTROL MEASURES
>> Once the hazards and the risks are
identified, control measures to eliminate,
isolate or minimise the hazard need to be
put in place.
>> Control measures will include any personal
protective equipment to be used, such as
hard hats and harness systems.
DEVELOP THE PLAN
>> Having identified the hazards, evaluated the
risks and worked out the control measures
needed to do the job safely, develop a
safety plan.
MAKE A PLAN FOR WHAT TO DO IN AN
EMERGENCY
>> The plan needs to include how you will
complicated jobs planning may need to be
rescue anyone stuck on the work platform
completed off site.
if the platform can’t be lowered for any
IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH
THE TASK
>> Identify the hazards of each task. These
might be caused by the location of the
work, the type of MEWP or the people
reason, such as a machine fault or the work
platform gets tangled.
>> The rescue plan should cover what to do in
case someone is sick, injured or exposed to
chemicals or fumes.
and equipment being carried.
17
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
>> Any rescue plan must take into account the
reason the platform was stranded at height
and any need for urgent action.
>> Wherever possible, a trained person should
RECORD THE PLAN, INCLUDING ANY
RESCUE PLAN
>> Record the plan and keep a copy onsite
where it can be easily accessed. The length
do the rescue using the machine’s ground
and detail of the plan will depend on the
controls or secondary lowering system. If
complexity of the task and the risks involved.
this is not possible, use another MEWP to
carry out the rescue.
>> A simple, low-risk task – such as routine
maintenance work in a factory – might
>> All sites need an emergency plan in place.
only need a brief safety plan; while a more
Before starting any rescue, do a hazard
complex and high-risk job will need a more
assessment. Have an emergency plan for
detailed task specific plan.
the operator to complete their own rescue.
>> The plan needs to allow for any hazards, like
the ones listed in Appendix 9.7 (based on
ISO 16368, Annex H) and the following:
>> the rescue machine needs to be placed
so the people doing the rescue are not
put at risk
>> the work platforms of both machines
need to be next to each other with as
little gap as possible between them
>> switch off the engines on both machines
during the transfer
>> where practicable, the person being
rescued and the rescuer should wear full
body harnesses with adjustable lanyards.
Attach lanyards to certified anchor points
INVOLVE PEOPLE AND TALK TO EVERYONE
WORKING ON THE JOB ABOUT THE PLAN
>> A critical part of successful planning is
making sure everyone knows what is in the
plan. Make sure the plan can be understood
by people with low literacy or for who
English is a second language.
REVIEW THE PLAN BEFORE THE JOB
STARTS
>> Just before the job starts, check that nothing
in the tasks or the working environment has
changed. If it has, assess what effect that
could have on the safety of the job.
>> Communicate any changes to the plan to
everyone involved.
on the rescue machine before starting
the transfer
>> do not overload the rescue machine. More
TRANSPORTING MEWPS
>> Accidents and injuries can happen when
than one trip may be needed to make to
getting MEWPs to and from sites. Any health
complete the rescue.
and safety planning should cover the hazards
>> Caution – make sure the floor can take the
of moving machinery to and from sites.
weight of all machines used during the
>> Transport operators must be competent
rescue operation.
>> Call emergency services if:
>> there is an injury, illness or risk of
exposure to toxic substances
>> someone has been hanging for any
length of time – they might be suffering
from suspension trauma
>> the operators on the work platform
cannot communicate with rescuers on
the ground.
18
3.2
if they need to drive the MEWP to load
or unload it from a truck. Always read,
understand and follow the manufacturer’s
instructions for loading and unloading
the MEWP and the tie down and lifting
procedures.
>> Refer to the New Zealand Transport
Agency’s The Official New Zealand Road
Code for Heavy Vehicle Users for more
information on loading transport vehicles.
SECTION 3.0 // PLANNING THE WORK
GETTING READY TO TRANSPORT
>> Complete a hazard assessment of the site
and decide the best method for loading
the MEWP.
>> Remove all loose items, tools and
equipment from the platform, deck or tray.
>> Check and secure all engine and access
covers, ensure battery box trays and doors
are secure. Secure tool bin lids.
>> Ensure turntable lock pins are engaged
(slew lock pin, if applicable).
>> Ensure boom lockdowns are in place (pins/
straps/over centre buckles).
>> Secure the boom and basket of any
self-propelled booms using the
manufacturer’s instructions.
METHOD OF LOADING MEWPS
>> Once the MEWP is on the truck, secure
it with strops, chains and load restraints
(using the right tie-down points) as outlined
in The Official New Zealand Road Code for
Heavy Vehicle Drivers.
>> When loading a slide bed, have chains in
place, but pre-tensioning them is optional
while lifting the tray.
>> Once the tray is packed up and or
the ramps are lifted and secured with
pretension chains with dogs, secure the
boom basket with the ratchet strap.
>> Check the height and width of the
load so the maximum rated capacity
is not exceeded.
>> Do one final check of the loading area,
truck, load, chains, dogs and straps before
leaving the site.
>> Park the truck safely and legally.
METHOD OF UNLOADING MEWPS
>> Before loading the MEWP, do a full hazard
>> Park the truck safely and legally.
assessment to identify any soft or uneven
>> On arrival, check the drop-off area and
ground, overhead power lines, sufficient
conditions for hazards (such as wet or
lighting, traffic and public access.
dry ground conditions, overhead power
>> Make sure the operator is wearing the
right personal protective equipment,
such as high visibility gear, gloves and
a total restraint system.
>> Put hazard control measures in place where
needed, such as flashing lights, marker
cones and traffic management.
>> Check how steep an angle the MEWP can
work at to decide how to load it.
>> Where more than one machine is loaded,
consider loading methods, weight
distribution and restraint methods.
>> Follow safe operating procedures for
loading, such as placing the MEWP ready
lines, sufficient lighting, traffic, people,
uneven ground).
>> Make sure the operator is wearing the right
PPE, such as high visibility gear, gloves and
a total restraint system.
>> Put hazard control measures in place,
such as flashing lights, marker cones
and traffic control.
>> Release the basket ratchet strap, chains and
twitches and remove rear chains. If driving
the MEWP off the truck to unload, leave
the front chain for safety. Only remove the
chain once the tray is tilted. If using a winch,
pre-tension the cable before tilting the tray.
to load, drive on, winch and drive, or free
>> Tilt or lower the tray or ramps safely.
wheel and winch.
>> Drive the MEWP to a safe place then park
and secure it. Engage the free wheel hubs
or brakes before releasing winch cable.
19
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
>> Once the truck is packed up and the ramps
are lifted and secure, make a final check
of the unloading area and truck before it
leaves the site. Make sure chains, twitches,
straps and truck outriggers have been
packed and stowed away.
HARNESS SYSTEMS IN SCISSOR LIFTS
>> Before starting work, a hazard assessment
should be completed to decide whether a
harness system will be needed to complete
the job safely.
>> Use the manufacturer's operating
3.3
USE OF HARNESS SYSTEMS
Operators must wear a harness with the
following MEWPs:
>> truck-mounted boom lift
instructions to help decide whether a
harness is required.
>> Attach any harness used on a scissor lift
to a certified anchor point using a lanyard
or adjustable lanyard – fitted with a short
>> self-propelled boom lift
energy absorber or fit for purpose self-
>> trailer-mounted boom lift (cherry pickers)
retracting lifeline (SRL).
>> vertical masts, where manufacturer
recommends a harness
>> any other boom-type lift, including
spider lifts
>> that has a knuckle or pivot arrangement
>> any machine where a risk assessment
shows it is necessary.
>> Operators must be harnessed inside the
platform because the platforms of the
>> When scissor lifts are used as edge
protection (a group control measure) that
isolates workers from a fall hazard, harness
systems are not generally required.
>> People must work inside guardrails and not
reach or climb over the rails. Workers need
to keep both feet on the work platform.
HARNESS SYSTEMS IN GENERAL
above types of MEWP can tip suddenly
An anchored harness system stops someone
when elevating (such as if it hits something
falling or being thrown from a platform.
or the levelling system fails) or the operator
Harness systems must be certified to meet
can be catapulted out when driving.
the standard AS/NZS 1891.1: Industrial Fall-
>> Operators in boom-style MEWPs must wear
a safety harness with a lanyard – fitted with
Arrest Systems and Devices – Harnesses and
Ancillary Equipment.
a short energy absorber or self-retracting
In a boom-type MEWP, people should
lifeline (SRL). The harness must be attached
normally use a full body harness and lanyard
to a certified anchor point. If using an
with a personal energy absorber. If the
adjustable lanyard, make it as short as
boom-type MEWP has a larger platform,
practical to keep the operator inside the
operators need a fall arrest harness with
platform. Select a lanyard length based on the
personal energy absorber.
size of the platform of the MEWP being used.
The harness system should give the wearer
>> Anchor points should be as close to the
platform floor as possible.
maximum freedom of movement with
immediate restraint if the platform hits
something or the levelling system fails.
Choose the right lanyard length based on
the type of MEWP being used.
20
SECTION 3.0 // PLANNING THE WORK
People using a harness must be competent
Put tags on the base controls to show that the
in how to wear, use and secure it. They must
equipment is in use and to stop interference.
also be competent to follow their company
Where possible, lock out the base controls so
approved rescue plan. A recommended means
they cannot be used.
of demonstrating competence for rescue and
recovery when using harness systems is the
NZQA Unit Standard 23229 – Use a Safety
Harness for Personal Fall Prevention When
Place the scissor lift end on when the work
platform is next to a landing to stop the
scissor lift from moving up and down.
Working at Height.
A combination of the following NZQA
unit standards could also demonstrate
competency:
>> NZQA Unit Standard 17600 = Explain Safe
Work Practices for Working at Heights
>> NZQA Unit Standards 25045 - Employ
Height Safety Equipment in the Workplace.
GETTING ON AND OFF THE PLATFORM
WHEN IT IS ELEVATED
Scissor lifts and other elevating work platforms
can be used to access work areas.
Where the MEWP’s platform is next to the
work area landing and the MEWP is used to
access the work area, the landing and platform
must be no more than 100mm apart.
If work needs to be done with the guardrails
removed, a double lanyard system, fixed to a
certified anchor point at all times should be
used by workers. Workers should not reach
outside the platform.
Figure 1: Attach harnesses to a certified anchor
point on the MEWP.
21
04/
DESIGN
IN THIS SECTION:
4.1
General requirements
4.2 Compliance and modification of work platforms
4.3
Machine controls
4.4
Safety features
4.5 Markings, documentation
and records
22
SECTION 4.0 // DESIGN
All MEWPs must be designed using sound and accepted
engineering practices, and must be manufactured using
the best methods and practices.
4.1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The design, manufacture, testing and stability
testing of new or used machines first entering
service in New Zealand, must meet AS/NZS
1418.10 Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Mobile
Elevating Work Platforms.
To meet AS/NZS 1418.10, the owner
must register any used machines with
the manufacturer (or their New Zealand
representative), when selling or importing the
machine. This ensures the new owner gets all
service and safety bulletins.
MEWPs already in service in New Zealand
must meet the requirements of one or more of
the following Standards:
>> AS/NZS 1418.10 Cranes, Hoists and Winches
>> BS EN 280 Mobile Elevating Work
Platforms. Design Calculations. Stability
Criteria. Construction. Safety. Examinations
and Tests
>> ANSI/SIA A92.2 Vehicle-Mounted Elevating
and Rotating Aerial Devices
>> ISO 16368 Mobile Elevating Work Platforms
– Design, Calculations, Safety Requirements
and Test Methods.
Complying with the above standards is
evidence of taking all practicable steps to keep
people safe. Make sure this is documented
with the MEWP’s records.
You can use materials, designs, methods of
assembly, or procedures that are not covered
in this guidance, if they achieve the same or
better safety outcomes.
– Mobile Elevating Work Platforms
TYPES OF MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Scissor lift (SL)
For operating on flat, solid
surfaces or rough terrain
surfaces
23
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
TYPES OF MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Truck mounted (TM)
Mainly used in the electrical
or arborist industries. Other
common names: bucket truck,
cherry picker.
Self-propelled boom lift (BL)
For driving on flat solid
surfaces and rough terrain
surfaces and hard to reach
places. Other common names:
knuckle boom, cherry picker.
Trailer mounted (TL)
For getting to hard to reach
places. Commonly called a
cherry picker.
24
SECTION 4.0 // DESIGN
TYPES OF MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Vertical mast lift (VL)
Mainly used on flat solid
surfaces. Manually operated
or mobilised units.
COMPLIANCE AND
MODIFICATION OF WORK
PLATFORMS
4.2
COMPLIANCE OF ALL MACHINES
CURRENTLY IN NEW ZEALAND
To prove a MEWP is safe to use, it
needs either:
>> a manufacturer's certificate of compliance
to one of the Standards listed in Section 4.1
or, if the manufacturer no longer exists
>> a certificate of compliance from a
competent person that the machine meets
one of the Standards listed in Section 4.1.
It also needs:
>> a certificate of compliance from a
competent person as required by this
document (see section 5.1)
>> continuous working records and
maintenance records as specified in Section
6.6 of AS2550.10 Cranes, Hoists and
Winches – Safe Use – Mobile Elevating
Work Platforms
>> proof that the MEWP owner is registered
with the manufacturer or their agent so
the owner receives safety bulletins and
notifications.
COMPLIANCE OF IMPORTED SECOND-HAND
MACHINES
The importer that is also a supplier must
make sure any second-hand MEWP meets the
requirements of AS/NZS 1418.10 and Section
4.2 of these guidelines.
The MEWP must have:
>> a manufacturer’s certificate of compliance
with Section 4.1 above. It must be current
when the MEWP is put into service in
New Zealand
>> operating and full workshop/maintenance
manuals, in English. If the manuals are
translated from another language, the
manufacturer must certify that the
translations are accurate
>> continuous maintenance records or
re-certification by the manufacturer.
25
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
If an imported second-hand MEWP does not
have evidence of a continuous service record,
it must have a major inspection before use, as
described in Section 5.9 of these guidelines.
MODIFICATION OF A MEWP
If a MEWP is significantly altered or changed,
Protect the controls against:
>> faults that could cause the MEWP to
move in a direction other than the one
selected by the operator
>> being accidentally turned on.
>> Clearly mark platform control boxes with
the owner must get a certificate from the
which way up they go if they are not
manufacturer or (if the manufacturer no longer
permanently attached.
exists) a report from a competent person
to confirm that the MEWP still meets the
requirements of these guidelines.
4.3
MACHINE CONTROLS
Detailed requirements for control systems
are found in AS/NZS 1418.10: Cranes, Hoists
and Winches – Part 10: Mobile Elevating
Work Platforms.
>> Foot controls should have non-slip surfaces
and be easy to clean.
>> Install guards at least 50mm above the
highest point of the hand controls.
DUPLICATE CONTROLS
Provide duplicate controls at ground level so
the platform can be returned in an emergency.
The ground level controls must override the
work platform controls.
SWITCHING ON AND USING THE MEWP
Have a locking mechanism so the MEWP
The operator must be able to see the direction
can only be moved from one, preselected
of travel and the movement of the extending
control station. The ground level controls
structure from the controls.
must override all other controls, including the
The MEWP must only move when the controls
are activated. Controls must automatically
return to ‘off’ or ‘neutral’ when released and
be protected to prevent someone accidentally
turning them on. The operator must be safe
from moving parts when using the controls.
DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT
All controls must have words or symbols that
show the direction of the MEWP’s movements.
Protect the controls against faults that could
platform emergency-stop control.
EMERGENCY STOPS
Every control position must have a red
emergency-stop control, in line with
AS/NZS 1418.10. This standard references
AS 4024.1604, Safety of Machinery – Design of
Controls, Interlocks and Guarding – Emergency
Stop – Principles for Design.
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
cause the MEWP to move in a direction other
Electrical systems
than that selected by the operator.
MEWP controls should have:
Controls must be strong enough to stand up
>> electrical switches controlling specific
to normal use. A guard must be in place to
prevent accidental activation of hand controls.
WORK PLATFORM CONTROLS: LOCATION,
ACCESSIBILITY, PROTECTION
Controls must be on the work platform
and in reach of the operator.
safety functions
>> pilot and solenoid valves stopping any
movement if the power fails
>> no movement on start up or return of power
after a failure, unless through deliberate
action by the operator
>> a safety device and ‘hold to run’ controls
that override the emergency-stop control
26
SECTION 4.0 // DESIGN
>> an overriding emergency system in an easy
to reach place that returns the platform to a
safe position in an emergency, with features
that stop misuse
>> a speed limiting device.
Hydraulic controls
Guarding
MEWPs must have:
>> guards on all dangerous parts, especially
sharp, hot or moving parts and trapping
hazards.
>> interlocking outriggers, so the machine
Mechanically-actuated hydraulic control valves
cannot lift the platform unless outriggers are
that control any movement of the MEWP
in a safe position, and stop the outriggers
must be full-flow with spring return to ‘off’
being moved with the platform up
to manage the risks of unintended motion.
>> travel safety interlocks so the machine
goes at a safe speed while driving with the
4.4
SAFETY FEATURES
platform up.
This section covers the minimum requirements
Emergency stop and isolating function controls
for safety features outlined in AS/NZS 1418.10:
>> All controls must have a ‘dead-man
Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Part 10: Mobile
Elevating Work Platforms.
GENERAL FEATURES
Warning systems
MEWPs must have:
>> out-of-level safety interlocks and/or alarms
>> warning devices (such as motion alarms),
warning lights and alarms, flashing work
lights and a horn.
Brakes and safety systems
>> Brakes on self-propelled platforms must
have a fail-safe system.
>> All safety signage must be in English
and readable.
>> The slewing mechanism must be fitted with
a service brake or similar device, and have
a fail-safe design.
>> The machine must have maintenance
safety features, such as a safety bar, so
maintenance can be done safely under
or in machine.
Hydraulic systems
>> Hydraulic systems must be designed so the
platform will not freefall if a hose or fitting
fails. Do not use velocity valves.
>> All hydraulic systems must have fail-safes.
function’ so they automatically stop or
return to neutral when released, such as, a
trigger with a joystick or foot switch on a
boom-type machine.
>> An emergency-stop control must stop all
movement or the engine when pressed.
Each control station must have a clearlymarked, red emergency-stop control.
>> Ground level controls must override controls
on the platform using a clearly marked switch.
Instructions
>> Labels must clearly list everything the
controls do in clear English and show the
direction of any movement. Decals (labels)
on the chassis should show direction of
travel or movement.
>> The operation manual must be in English
and stored in a weather-proof container.
>> Emergency descent instructions must be in
the operator manual and displayed next to
the emergency controls.
Anchor points
>> If installing an anchor point to an existing
MEWP, a chartered professional engineer
(CPEng) should assess and certify the type
of anchor to be used before and after it
is installed.
>> They must also confirm that the anchor
point has passed any testing needed
after installation.
27
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
PLATFORM AND GUARDRAILS
The platform must have a self-closing and
self-latching entry gate. The gate must have
kick-plates to stop debris falling under the
major inspection certificate (where needed)
permanently attached and displayed
prominently.
b.a compliance plate with the following
gate. The gate must open inwards. A drop bar
information in permanent lettering:
is enough as long as:
>> make, model, serial number, and
>> a kick plate is used
>> the drop bar stops in line with the mid-rail,
and
>> the top rail is at the same height as the top
hand rail.
The guardrail must be at least 950mm high.
The platform floor must be non-slip and
self-draining.
A safe way to access the platform must
be provided. If access is by steps or a fixed
ladder, the gap between steps or rungs must
be uniform and no more than 300mm.
The stepsand rungs must be non-slip.
The platform should have side walls or
guardrails with mid-rails and toe boards.
FUEL AND EXHAUST SYSTEMS
>> Protect fuel lines for engines from engine
and exhaust heat. Some industries also
require safety measures like spark arrestors
and external fuel cut-offs.
>> Exhaust systems must have mufflers and be
set up to keep fumes away from operators,
so they are not at risk of carbon monoxide
poisoning.
MARKINGS, DOCUMENTATION
AND RECORDS
4.5
The following are minimum requirements
manufacturer’s name and address
>> date of manufacture and, if different,
commissioning date
>> design standard
>> rated capacity in kilograms
>> the maximum number of people, refer to
Figure 3
>> maximum platform height (not all plates
state this)
>> maximum wind speed and operating
gradient
>> for electrically insulated machines, the
working voltage
>> any special warnings, cautions or
restrictions needed to use the MEWP
safely; the rated capacity for each
configuration must be shown, such as:
>> where a work platform has different
capacities at different heights or
reaches
>> outrigger settings
>> wind ratings or side-loading
>> the words: ‘Read manual for operating
and servicing details’.
c. Manufacturers, importers that are
suppliers or agents for imported MEWPs,
(new or second-hand) must provide a
comprehensive operating and maintenance
manual, in English, to customers. The
for markings, labels, signage, documentation
manual must include the following:
and records of maintenance and inspection
>> full operating instructions
for MEWPs.
>> lubrication schedule
All MEWPs must have:
>> routine checks
a. safety inspection certification, including
>> restrictions on the use of the machine
a six-monthly inspection certificate and
>> advice on any matter that could affect
the safe use of the machine.
28
SECTION 4.0 // DESIGN
Note that if the MEWP was designed and
manufactured to an international standard
it should have a manual available in English,
certified or produced by the manufacturer.
d.Essential operating and maintenance
instructions must be permanently displayed
or stored in a obvious place on the MEWP.
Owners must keep continuous working records
and maintenance records for the MEWP in line
with Section 6.6 of AS 2550.10 Cranes, Hoists
and Winches – Safe Use – Mobile Elevating
Work Platforms. This information should also
be in the MEWP’s logbook, refer to section 5
of this guideline.
Figure 2: Before starting work, operators should be familiar with the type of MEWP they are using.
MAX=
227 kg
MAX=
227 kg
1
Figure 3: Decals for rated capacity displayed on
the MEWP.
29
ator ’s
Oper nual
05/
MAINTENANCE,
INSPECTION
AND REPAIR
IN THIS SECTION:
5.1
Logbook and registers
5.2
Maintenance
5.3
Inspection
5.4
Six-monthly inspection
5.5
Electrical insulation testing
5.6
PAT testing
5.7 Acoustic emission testing
of fibreglass booms
5.8 Enhanced periodic inspections
5.9
Major inspections
5.10 Repairs
30
SECTION 5.0 // MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
People maintaining MEWPs and the competent person
must have access to the current versions of the following
standards, AS 2550.10 and AS/NZS 1418.10.
5.1
LOGBOOK AND REGISTERS
The MEWP logbook and register is a
record of pre-operation inspections and
routine inspections. It must also record any
maintenance. The logbook and register
Any external service provider working on
MEWPs should also keep records of work they
have undertaken.
5.2
MAINTENANCE
must be kept with the MEWP and be readily
Use the MEWP manufacturer’s approved
available for inspection.
maintenance manual (or a certified translation)
for all maintenance. A competent person must
RECORDS
complete all elements of the manufacturer’s
The MEWP owner must keep all records in the
prescribed maintenance schedule.
way described in Section 6.6 of AS 2550.10.
If there is no manual, follow the inspection and
At a minimum, keep a summary of the
maintenance schedules outlined in AS 2550.10:
following in the logbook:
Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe Use –
>> daily pre-operation reports for at least the
Mobile Elevating Work Platforms.
last 14 days of operation, or since the last
Establish a preventive maintenance
routine inspection
programme, based on the working
>> a summary statement of the last
routine inspection
>> a summary statement of the last
major inspection
>> a summary statement of the last
six-monthly inspection
>> action taken or repairs carried out to fix
faults or damaged parts.
The owner must have available documentation
environment, how often the MEWP is used and
the severity of conditions in which it is used.
When replacing parts use identical or
equivalent parts for the specific type
of MEWP.
If a fault with a MEWP develops, repair
it with advice from the manufacturer.
Correct any safety related faults before
using the MEWP again.
stating the MEWP has been inspected by a
competent person (including their identity
and qualifications) and is safe to use. The
owner must record all checks, adjustments,
replacement of parts, repairs and inspections
done and all irregularities or damage affecting
the machine’s safe use.
Records must be kept to show that the
MEWP meets all maintenance requirements.
AS 2550.10 recommends that MEWPs without
continuous working and maintenance records
need a major inspection.
31
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
5.3
INSPECTION
check. The checks should include the items
listed in the operator’s manual, the logbook
PRE-OPERATION INSPECTION
and in the table below.
The operator must give the MEWP a visual
Figures 4 – 6 show the various safety features
inspection and functional test before using it.
of specific types of MEWPs and components
This is called a pre-operation operator safety
that should be checked before use.
COMPONENT
VISUAL INSPECTION
Check six-monthly certificate current

Platform and base controls

FUNCTIONAL TEST

Emergency controls and retrieval system

Visual and audible alarms

Personal protective equipment, including anchor points

Air, hydraulic and fuel system leaks

Cables and wiring harness for security and damage

Loose and missing parts

Brakes

Tyres, wheels

Placards, labels, warnings, control markings and
operating manuals are on the MEWP


Outriggers, stabilisers

Guardrail system including gates with self-closing
action

Control descent devices where fitted

Slew brake system

Safety switches and interlocks

Structural defects or damage
Drive and speed functions work correctly, including
speed-limiting devices


Table 1: Table 6.4.2 of AS 2550.10: Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe Use – Mobile Elevating Work Platforms.
32
SECTION 5.0 // MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
Jib boom and basket may
tilt and rotate for access
to hard to reach places.
Platform controls (with emergency stop)
mounted securely at least 50mm below
the top rail.
Dead-man type controls that return to
neutral (or off) position.
Controls must be clearly labelled (in English)
with what they do and in what direction.
Platform with free draining,
non slip floor and entry gate
or drop bar.
Boom(s) – straight or
articulated (depending on
make and model). Boom can
be moved from basket or
ground controls, to full height.
Cylinders with counterbalance
valves to hold the cylinder in
place with controls deactivated.
Power source (engine or
electric) and hydraulic
pump(s) to power drive
and lift functions.
Ground controls (with
emergency stop) that override
platform controls.
Urethane filled or solid
puncture proof tyres.
Urethane filled or solid
puncture proof tyres.
Axle may articulate
when travelling over
terrain following, locks
with boom(s) lifted.
Hydraulic or electric drive motors
connected to reduction hubs
with spring-applied hydraulicallyreleased (failsafe) brakes.
Figure 4: Typical features of self-propelled boom lifts.
33
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Check platform for
logbook, operator manual
and rated capacity label,
outdoor wind rating and
manual force rating.
Platform controls with emergency
stop switch mounted securely with
controls 50mm below top rail.
Dead-man type controls that
return to neutral (off) position.
Controls are clearly labelled (in
English) for function and direction.
Fold-down hand rails
(where fitted) must be
secured when in use.
Self closing
and latching,
inward opening
or vertical.
closing gate.
Non-slip,
self-draining
platform. May
have extension
deck (make and
model specific).
ground controls,
to full height.
Ground controls
(with emergency
stop) switch that
override platform
controls.
Manual bleed valve for
emergency lowering.
One axle may
articulate for full
traction on the
support surface.
Power source (engine or
electric) and hydraulic
pump(s) to power drive
and lift functions.
Serial number plate showing
compliance to standard,
model and serial number,
weight and rated capacity.
Chassis levelling stabilisers
(where fitted) interlocked so
all four stabilisers must be set
before the platform can lift.
It cannot lift on two stabilisers.
Figure 5: Typical features of scissor-lifts.
34
Ability to drive on
rated slope with
outriggers retracted.
Level sensor cut-out if
rated slope is exceeded
or platform is raised.
Drive motors on
two or four wheels.
Brakes on at least
two wheels with
spring-applied
hydraulic release
(failsafe) brakes.
Urethane
filled or solid
puncture proof
tyres.
SECTION 5.0 // MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
Platform controls with emergency stop
switch mounted securely with controls 50mm
below top rail.
Dead-man type controls that return to neutral
(off) position. Controls are clearly labelled (in
English) for function and direction.
Self-closing
and latching,
inward opening
or vertical
closing gate.
Cylinders with counterbalance
valves to hold the cylinder in
place with controls deactivated.
Platform with free
draining non-slip
floor, and entry
gate or drop bar.
Manual bleed valve for
emergency lowering.
Power source (engine or
electric) and hydraulic pump(s).
Trailer hitch must
be disconnected
from tow vehicle
before use.
Chassis mounted outriggers
(stabiliser) legs, interlocked
so the platform can’t be
raised until outriggers are set.
Ground controls (with
emergency stop) that
override platform controls.
Serial number plate showing
compliance to standard,
model and serial number,
weight and rated capacity,
maximum operating wind
speed and any other
restrictions on use.
Figure 6: Typical features of trailer mounted boom-lift.
35
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Figure 7: The operator checks the MEWP's controls before starting work.
ROUTINE INSPECTION
The owner, hirer and supplier must do routine
inspections on all MEWPs at least every 3
months (as described in Section 6.4.3 of
AS 2550.10: Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe
Use – Mobile Elevating Work Platforms). If the
speed, smoothness of operation and
limits of motion
>> all emergency and safety devices, including
interlocks and emergency lowering devices
>> base or ground controls, including
MEWP is for hire, then a routine inspection
the provisions for overriding of upper
between hires should be completed.
platform controls
A competent person must complete all
routine inspection and maintenance, based
on the severity of use of the MEWP, and as
recommended by the manufacturer.
The inspection procedure should include a
check that the current logbook and operator’s
manual must be up-to-date and kept with the
MEWP in a weather proof container.
For full inspection requirements refer to the
manufacturer’s service manual.
36
>> all functions and their controls for
>> adjustment, wear and damage on all chain
and cable mechanisms
>> lubrication of all moving parts, inspection
of filter elements and fluid levels
>> visual inspection of structural members
and welds
>> visual inspection (and measurements as
necessary) of critical parts, such as brakes,
gears, fasteners, pins, shafts, wire ropes,
sheaves, locking devices, all guardrails
and guarding, anchor points, all
Examples of items an inspection should
attachments and connections, electrical
cover are:
contactors and all other equipment
SECTION 5.0 // MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
MAX=
227 kg
MAX=
227 kg
1
>> signage, including warning signs, decals and
control markings
Mobile Elevating Work Platforms
>> the routine inspection described in Section
>> wear on tyres and damage to wheel rims
>> corrosion (rust).
5.3 of these guidelines
>> any inspection or maintenance
A written report must be provided after the
inspection. Do not use the MEWP until any
safety-related faults are fixed.
recommended by the manufacturer.
>> Any faults must be fixed before the MEWP
can be certified and used again.
CERTIFICATION
A legible and durable certificate should
be attached to the MEWP near the
ground controls or the platform entrance.
This certificate should include the CBIP
Number of the competent person and/or
ator ’s
Oper nual
ma
the manufacturer’s identifier. This certificate
should include at least the details shown
below in Figure 10.
Figure 8: The operator’s manual must be kept with
the MEWP in a weather proof container.
5.4
SIX-MONTHLY INSPECTION
OPERATIONAL TEST AND CHECK
A competent person must thoroughly examine
the MEWP after an accident, incident, or
major repair or modification, or at least
every 6 months. The competent person must
have access to the manufacturer’s approved
Figure 9: The operator’s logbook should be kept in
a pouch located within the basket on the machine.
maintenance manual for the type of MEWP
being certified.
This inspection should include:
>> all elements of the periodic inspection
described in Section 6.4.4.1 of AS 2550.10:
Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe Use –
37
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Figure 10: Example six-monthly test certificate.
COMPETENT PERSON FOR INSPECTION
Only a competent person can complete a
six-monthly, enhanced or major inspection
of a MEWP.
If a manufacturer contracts out servicing,
inspection and certification, the contractor
should be certified by CBIP for inspection or
be able to display the same or a higher level
of competence.
A means of demonstrating competency is a
certificate of competence or proficiency from
a certification board. In New Zealand this is the
Certification Board for Inspection Personnel
New Zealand (CBIP).
Manufacturer’s employees who inspect,
service and certify MEWPs do not need to
be registered with CBIP but they should be
able to demonstrate the same, or higher,
levels of competency.
5.5 ELECTRICAL INSULATION
TESTING
Where a MEWP is electrically insulated, carry
out electrical insulation tests at least every 6
months to validate the working voltage. The
testing certificate should be clearly displayed.
Complete these tests as specified in AS 2550.10
Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe Use – Mobile
Elevating Work Platforms, AS/NZS 1418.10
Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Part 10: Mobile
38
SECTION 5.0 // MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
Elevating Work Platforms and their referenced
Display the certificate of compliance near the
standards. Section 7.1 of AS/NZS 1418.10 gives
ground controls or the platform entrance. In
the testing standards used in New Zealand.
addition, the owner of the machine must keep
Keep a record of all test results and make them
available for inspection.
the test reports:
>> to allow inspection when the WorkSafe
Health and Safety Inspector or user of
5.6
PAT TESTING
Any MEWP with parts powered from 240v
mains electricity (such as battery charger,
AC motors, ground to platform AC power
the machine requests it
>> so that the history of the boom may
be reviewed to find out how much it
has deteriorated.
extension, and residual current device (RCD)
Re-test the boom if the machine has an
devices) needs an inspection and a portable
accident or is misused, making the boom
appliance test (PAT).
potentially unsafe, even if the certificate is
The MEWP must be tested and tagged in line
current.
with AS/NZS 3760: In-Service Safety Inspection
If the FRP boom fails the acoustic emission
and Testing of Electrical Equipment.
test, do not use the machine until the boom
AS/NZS 3012: Electrical Installations –
Construction and Demolition Sites outlines
the testing and tagging needed for equipment
used on construction sites.
Both the above Standards require a competent
person or a suitably qualified and licensed
electrical worker (such as an electrician) to
carry out the testing and tagging. Clearly
display all tags.
ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING
OF FIBREGLASS BOOMS
5.7
In addition to the six-monthly inspection, a
competent person or organisation must do
an acoustic emission test on all MEWPs fitted
with a fibreglass or FRP (fibreglass reinforced
is replaced or repaired and it passes the test.
ENHANCED PERIODIC
INSPECTIONS
5.8
Every 5 years the MEWP must have all critical
parts inspected and tested, where appropriate,
to meet AS 2550.10: Cranes, Hoists and
Winches – Safe Use – Mobile Elevating Work
Platforms. These enhanced periodic inspections
must be done in line with the manufacturer’s
inspection programme. Where possible the
manufacturer must authorise all enhanced
periodic inspections.
If a MEWP has been in service for 10 years, it
must have had all inspections, including a major
inspection, to stay in service.
plastic) boom. The test must be done at least
This regime can be changed with instructions
every 24 months, or sooner if a competent
from the manufacturer that meet the criteria in
person recommends it is required.
Appendix C of AS 2550.10.
The test must meet the standards in AS
4748: Acoustic Emission Testing of Fiberglass
5.9
MAJOR INSPECTIONS
Insulated Booms on Elevating Work Platforms,
Major inspections and the related maintenance
or a similar procedure. Testing may only be
are described in Section 6.4.5 of AS 2550.10.
carried out by a competent person or an
The following MEWPs need a major inspection,
organization deemed competent to carry out
unless they have already had an enhanced
acoustic emission testing.
periodic inspection (as described in Section
6.4.4.2 of AS 2550.10):
39
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
>> a MEWP that has been in use for
10 years and hasn’t had an enhanced
periodic inspection
>> a MEWP that is being re-commissioned
or imported, whatever age, that does not
have continuous working and maintenance
records, as required by Section 6.6 of
AS 2550.10
>> a MEWP that has been in use for 5 years
since its 10 year major inspection.
Seek guidance from the manufacturer before
starting a major inspection and keep evidence
of this request with the MEWP’s records.
This should include advice on any safety or
engineering upgrades and safety bulletins.
AS 2550.10 states a major inspection involves
examination of critical components as
identified by the manufacturer or a competent
person. Where necessary, strip down the
5.10
REPAIRS
Carry out all repairs in a way that ensures the
MEWP meets the current specifications for
the particular model and meets the criteria in
AS 2550.10: Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe
Use – General Requirements.
Seek the manufacturer’s advice for all critical
repairs, including welding, on the correct repair
procedure. Keep proof of this request with the
MEWP’s records. Do all repairs in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions and the
MEWP’s operational manual. Modern structural
materials have specialised repair procedures.
Some parts cannot be repaired and must be
replaced instead.
Qualified welders must do all welding repairs
on a MEWP and a qualified and competent
person must inspect the welds.
MEWP and remove paint, grease and corrosion
Where the manufacturer’s advice is not
from critical components to allow a complete
available, a competent person should sign off
and thorough inspection.
the repair work.
A component is critical if its failure would risk
Manufacturer’s spare parts should be used.
the health and safety of people using or near
The manufacturer must approve the use of
the MEWP. A competent person should identify
any non manufacturer structural components
the critical components using the definition
unless the manufacturer no longer exists, in
in AS2550.10.
which case a competent person must approve
Where necessary means if needed to
make sure the critical component can be
the component. Keep the verification reports
on record.
thoroughly inspected.
A complete and thorough inspection means
looking at each part, and doing other non
destructive tests as needed.
Strip down almost certainly requires
complete disassembly.
Figure 11: Inspect the MEWP before use.
40
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
06/
MEWP OPERATOR
TRAINING
REQUIREMENTS
6.1
General training
6.2
Getting to know your MEWP
6.3 Refresher training and assessment
6.4
41
Working at height
41
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
An employer or principal, who tells someone to use a
MEWP, must make sure that the operator is adequately
trained by a competent person and can demonstrate
their competency before using any equipment.
The operator must get training on the type
the requirements of AS2550.10: Cranes, Hoists
of MEWP they will be using. The operator
and Winches – Safe Use – Mobile Elevating
must be supervised during the training period
Work Platforms and course providers should
until the person is considered competent
be able to offer evidence of this. Competency
to operate the MEWP.
should also be assessed through supervision
during the use of the equipment.
6.1
GENERAL TRAINING
The MEWP operator training should cover
standards for MEWPs are:
at least:
>> Unit Standard 23966v1: Describe Types
>> legal requirements
>> getting to know the operator’s manual
>> hazard management – identifying, assessing
and controlling hazards
>> equipment and safety features
>> prestart (pre-operational) inspection
>> control facilities and positions
>> limits of the machine – rated capacity, wind
rating – and machine weight
>> moving and positioning a MEWP
>> transporting – including loading and
unloading (where required)
>> working near overhead power lines
>> using a harness
>> refuelling tools and battery charging
>> reporting problems and incidents
>> emergency retrieval systems
>> emergency rescue plan.
For the purposes of operating a MEWP,
a competent person is a person who has
achieved and demonstrated competency in
the safe use of a particular type of MEWP.
One means of demonstrating competency
is through completing nationally recognized
MEWPs NZQA unit standards or an equivalent
or higher qualification. Any course must cover
42
The current recommended NZQA unit
of Elevating Work Platforms (EWPs) and
Legislative Requirements For Their Use
(Note: People need to do this unit standard
before unit standards 23960 through 23964)
>> Unit Standard 23960v1: Assess the Worksite,
Prepare and Operate a Scissor Lift Elevating
Work Platform (EWP)
>> Unit Standard 23961v1: Assess the Worksite,
Prepare and Operate a Truck Mounted
Elevating Work Platform (EWP)
>> Unit Standard 23962v1: Assess the Worksite,
Prepare and Operate a Self-Propelled Boom
Lift Elevating Work Platform (EWP)
>> Unit Standard 23963v1: Assess the Worksite,
Prepare and Operate a Trailer Mounted
Elevating Work Platform (EWP)
>> Unit Standard 23964v1: Assess the Worksite,
Prepare and Operate a Vertical Lift Elevating
Work Platform (EWP)
>> Unit Standard 17259: Operate an Elevated
Work Platform Vehicle for Arboriculture.
A MEWP operator must also be able to
demonstrate that they have the knowledge
and skills needed to do effective hazard and
risk assessment in their operating location.
SECTION 6.0 // MEWP OPERATOR TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
MEWP TYPE
23960
23961
23962
23963
23964
23966
Scissor Lift (SL)
Truck Mounted (TM)
Self-Propelled Boom Lift (BM)
Trailer Mounted (TL)
Vertical Lift (VL)
Table 2: Unit standard requirements by MEWP type.
Only a competent person can deliver any onthe-job training, operators must be supervised
6.4
WORKING AT HEIGHT
until they are judged to be competent.
A recommended means of achieving
GETTING TO KNOW YOUR
MEWP
Unit Standard 23229 – Use a Safety Harness
Employers or principals are also responsible
to demonstrate equivalent knowledge
6.2
for making sure operators are familiar with
each type and model of the MEWP that they
will use.
They need to check that the operator:
>> has made sure the correct manuals are kept
on the MEWP
>> understands the manuals and refers to them
as needed
>> knows the purpose of all controls and what
they do
>> knows what safety devices are installed and
the operating differences of that particular
model of the MEWP
>> knows how to use the MEWP‘s emergency
competence for harness use is the NZQA
for Personal Fall Prevention When Working
at Height. An operator may also be able
and skills or have an equivalent or a higher
international qualification.
Where any person is working at height,
a recommended means of achieving
competence is the NZQA Unit Standard
17600 – Explain Safe Work Practices for
Working at Height, or equivalent or a higher
international qualification.
A combination of the following NZQA unit
standards could also demonstrate competency:
>> NZQA Unit Standard 17600 - Explain Safe
Work Practices for Working at Heights
>> NZQA Unit Standards 25045 - Employ
Height Safety Equipment in the Workplace.
retrieval systems.
6.3 REFRESHER TRAINING AND
ASSESSMENT
Operators need regular refresher training
that covers the requirements in Sections
6.1 and 6.2 of these guidelines. The length
between training sessions should not
exceed three years.
43
07/
APPENDICES
IN THIS SECTION:
7.1
Legal framework
7.2
Duty holder responsibilities
7.3 Obligations for employers,
owners, suppliers and principals using MEWPs
7.4 Inspection and certification requirements
7.5 Notification of hazardous works and serious harm
7.6 Hazards faced when using
a MEWP
7.7 Example checklist to pick the right MEWP
7.8 Example MEWPs hazard assessment checklist
7.9 Example MEWP prestart inspection checklist
7.10 Publications and reference material
44
SECTION 7.0 // APPENDICES
The Health and Safety in Employment Act (1992) (HSE
Act) is the overarching legislation governing health and
safety at work.
7.1
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The HSE Act is supported by Regulations
including the Health and Safety in
Employment Regulations (1995). Everyone
EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITIES
Employers have a responsibility to make the
workplace safe for employees, and make sure
that work done by employees does not harm
must obey the HSE Act and its Regulations.
others (such as other workers or visitors to
Most people in workplaces have duties under
are expected to:
the HSE Act. A full copy of the Act and its
the workplace). To achieve this employers
Regulations can be downloaded (free) at
>> systematically identify hazards
www.legislation.govt.nz.
>> systematically manage those hazards
See WorkSafe NZ publications for more
information about your health and safety
responsibilities:
>> Keeping Safe at Work – A Guide for
Employees – Employee Rights under the
Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992.
www.business.govt.nz/worksafe/
by eliminating them, isolating them or
minimizing them, in that order
>> put effective control measures in place
where hazards are to be isolated or
minimised
>> provide suitable protective clothing and
equipment to staff and ensure they use it
information-guidance/all-guidance-
>> give staff safety information
items/keeping-safe-at-work-a-guide-for-
>> train or supervise staff so work is done safely
employees/working-together.pdf
>> monitor the environment and employees’
>> Managing Health and Safety: A Guide for
Employers. www.business.govt.nz/worksafe/
information-guidance/all-guidance-items/
managing-health-and-safety-a-guide-foremployers.
health to ensure their work is not harming
them
>> provide opportunities for employees to
participate in all of the above
>> record and investigate workplace accidents
DUTY HOLDER
RESPONSIBILITIES
>> report any serious harm suffered by
The HSE Act creates a number of duties for
EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES
most people connected with workplaces. This
An employee is defined by the HSE Act as
section outlines duty holders’ responsibilities.
any person of any age who is employed by
There are a number of Regulations, codes of
an employer to do any work (other than
practice and industry best practice guidance
residential work) for hire or reward under an
documents that support the HSE Act.
employment agreement, that is, anyone who
The HSE Act and its Regulations are the law.
is getting paid to do a job as an employee.
7.2
employees to WorkSafe NZ.
Codes of practice, guidelines and other
guidance material endorsed by WorkSafe NZ
is considered current best practice for health
and safety.
45
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Employees must take all practicable steps to
keep themselves safe in the workplace and
ensure they do not harm others. This includes
both what they do and what they don’t do
(such as not using safety gear). Employees
have a responsibility to identify and report
hazards, follow the safe work procedures that
are put in place by their employer and wear any
required personal protective equipment and
clothing, and report any accidents or incidents.
Employers should make it clear to employees
that they have to use safety equipment and
to wear protective clothing when needed. An
employee’s responsibility will often increase
with knowledge and seniority, but overall
and identify the significant hazards
>> assess the capability of potential contractors
>> select contractors on the basis of their
health and safety planning, performance
and commitment
>> award the contract and outline agreed
health and safety standards, systems
and processes
>> monitor the contractor to make sure
they are meeting the agreed health
and safety standards
>> review whether there was a successful
outcome at the end of the contract.
responsibility for a safe workplace remains
For more details see A Principal’s Guide to
with the employer.
Contracting to Meet the Health and Safety
Practicable steps the employee can take
include reporting any hazards or incidents to
the employer, so the employer can investigate
and put safeguards in place.
PRINCIPALS AND CONTRACTORS
A principal to a contract is responsible for
the health and safety of contractors and
subcontractors who are individuals, and
employees of contractors and subcontractors.
in Employment Act 1992 plus its summary,
Health and Safety in Contracting Situations.
SELF-EMPLOYED
Someone is self-employed if they are working
(other than as an employee) doing one or more
of the following – providing services for gain or
reward under contract for services, or selling
goods. They may be carrying on a business as
a sole trader or in a partnership.
In some cases a principal might have multiple
A self-employed person is responsible for
duties, such as also being an employer, and a
his/her own health and safety and must
person who controls a place of work.
ensure that their actions or inaction do not
Putting work out to contract doesn’t remove
any of the principal’s health and safety
obligations. Legal responsibilities cannot be
harm other people. A self-employed person
is responsible for doing relevant training and
knowing how to do their work safely.
transferred to another party.
PERSON WHO CONTROLS A PLACE OF WORK
Section 18 of the HSE Act requires all principals
A person who controls a place of work is:
to a contract to take ‘all practicable steps’
to ensure contractors, subcontractors who
are individuals, and employees of contractors
and subcontractors are not harmed while
working on the contracted tasks. All practicable
steps include having a hazard management
process and plan in place and managing
hazards effectively.
To help keep contractors safe, the
principal must:
46
>> scope the work for health and safety issues
a. the owner, lessee, sub-lessee, occupier or
person in possession of the place or any
part of it or
b.the owner, lessee, sub-lessee or bailee
(person entrusted to look after goods) of
any plant in the place.
This may include the person who leases the
MEWP, a scaffold supplier or an installer who
also owns the equipment.
SECTION 7.0 // APPENDICES
EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION
The HSE Act requires employers to involve
are designed, built and maintained so they are
safe to use (Section 6 and 18, HSE Act).
employees in health and safety. There are a
Anyone who sells, hires out or otherwise
number of ways to involve staff, such as:
supplies MEWPs must also take all practicable
>> discussing health and safety responsibilities
>> having employees involved in safety
assessments
>> holding toolbox meetings
>> electing health and safety representatives.
steps to make sure the MEWP are designed,
built and maintained so they are safe to use
(Section 18A, HSE Act).
Having a current inspection certificate does not
fulfil the obligations of employers, principals,
and suppliers as the MEWP must be safe to
Employers must give employees a chance to
use. These guidelines give advice on how duty
take part effectively in processes for health
holders can fulfil their duties.
and safety improvement in the workplace. In
any workplace with more than 30 employees
(or where an employee or union representative
asks), the employer must develop, set up and
maintain a system for employees to take part
in health and safety.
If people cannot agree on a system for how
employees can take part in health and safety,
the HSE Act sets out default requirements.
Elected employee health and safety
representatives can take paid leave to go on
approved training courses.
INSPECTION AND
CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
7.4
Duty holders should meet the requirements
of the HSE Act in terms of maintenance if
the MEWP has had the major inspections,
six-monthly inspections and pre-operational
daily checks in line with these guidelines and
they have fixed any faults found.
The obligation to ensure safety stays with the
duty holder. If the MEWP has a certificate, but
the certificate was not issued in line with these
If a trained employee health and safety
guidelines, then the duty holder may not be
representative finds a hazard in the workplace,
meeting the requirements of the HSE Act.
they should bring it to the employer's
Duty holders may choose not to use these
attention. If the employer does not resolve the
issue, the representative can issue a hazard
notice.
guidelines when having their MEWP inspected.
However, they must take steps which are equal
to or better than these guidelines in order to
Employers and employees must deal with each
ensure that the MEWPs are safe to use.
other in good faith when seeking agreement
Duty holders must recognise that simply
on setting up and maintaining a system for
employee participation in health and safety.
OBLIGATIONS FOR
EMPLOYERS, OWNERS, SUPPLIERS
AND PRINCIPALS USING MEWPS
7.3
The MEWP inspection and certification system
is there to help duty holders meet their
obligations under the HSE Act.
Where employees or contractors use MEWPs,
their employers or principals must take all
practicable steps to make sure that the MEWPs
getting an inspection certificate is not enough
to comply with these guidelines. The major
inspections have to be done to the standard
outlined in this guideline and the associated
standards listed in the publications section 7.10.
Duty holders must be satisfied that a
competent person carried out the inspection.
If the MEWP is not inspected and maintained
in line with these best practice guidelines, your
insurance company may refuse to cover any
insurance claims for property damage, public
liability and breaches of the HSE Act.
47
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
NOTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS
WORKS AND SERIOUS HARM
>> scaffolding from which someone could
NOTIFICATION OF PARTICULAR
HAZARDOUS WORK
>> people have to work in an excavation that
7.5
Employers and the person in control of the
workplace must give WorkSafe NZ at least 24
or dismantled
is more than 1.5 metres deep and which is
deeper than it is wide at the top.
>> workers need to work underground in
hours’ notice before doing any hazardous work
any kind of tunnel or drive, no matter
(as defined below).
what sort of timbering or support there is
These notices help WorkSafe NZ plan
>> an excavation’s excavated face is steeper
workplace visits to promote safety for everyone
than one horizontal to two vertical, and
in or near a workplace.
any face that is taller than 5 metres
Notify WorkSafe NZ by either:
>> filing a Notification of Particular Hazardous
Work online http://www.business.govt.nz/
worksafe/notifications-forms/accidentserious-harm, or
>> downloading the notification form and
posting or faxing it to the WorkSafe NZ
office nearest to the worksite.
WORK THAT NEEDS TO BE NOTIFIED
TO WORKSAFE NZ
This is defined by the Regulations as:
a. Any restricted work, as defined in section
2 of the Health and Safety in Employment
(Asbestos) Regulations 1998
b.Any commercial logging or tree-felling
c. Any construction work where:
>> workers could fall 5 metres or more
(excluding work on a two-storey house,
a power or telephone line, or carried out
from a ladder only, or minor or routine
maintenance or repair work)
48
fall 5 metres or more while being put up
>> explosives are used or being stored
for use
>> workers need to breathe air that is or
has been compressed or breathes a
respiratory medium other than air
>> An appliance (other than a mobile crane,
excavator or forklift) has to lift weights
of more than half a tonne (500kg) or lift
weights higher than 5 metres.
SECTION 7.0 // APPENDICES
7.6
HAZARDS FACED WHEN USING A MEWP
These hazards need to be assessed in terms of the environment, the type of MEWP and work
activity being undertaken.
This list does not cover all hazards of working with MEWPs. It is based on ISO 16368 – Mobile
Elevating Platforms – Design, Calculations, Safety Requirements and Test Methods – Annex H.
HAZARD
Mechanical hazards
>> Crushing
>> Entanglement
>> Impact
>> Friction or abrasion
>> Cutting or severing
>> Ejection of parts
>> Loss of stability
>> Slip, trip, fall hazards
>> Failure of energy supply
Electrical hazards
>> Electrical contact
>> Electrostatic
>> Thermal radiation
>> External influences on electrical equipment (e.g. power surge
or lightning strike)
Environmental
hazards
>> Noise
>> Weather
>> Heat or cold
>> Fumes
>> Wind
Ergonomic hazards
>> Constrained postures
>> Poor lighting
>> Mental overload
Operational hazards
>> Overloading caused by sail effect of objects on windy days
>> Hazardous environment
>> Manual force
>> Poor visibility
>> Starting/moving self-propelled machinery
>> Movement from pedestrian-controlled machinery
>> Uncontrolled movement
>> Rolling over
>> Poor access
>> Loading/overloading
>> Lifting materials or people
>> Falls from working at height
>> Falling objects
49
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
7.7
EXAMPLE CHECKLIST TO PICK THE RIGHT MEWP
The information in this section will help you pick the best MEWP for each job, site, operator
competence/training requirements and hazard assessment.
The person responsible for using MEWPs safely in the workplace should do the assessment
before any MEWP is chosen.
SITE AND/OR LOCATION DETAILS
Company:
Site name and location:
Assessment conducted by (name):
Date:
Position/title:
Phone:
How will the MEWP be used (site conditions)
This section asks you to consider where you are using the MEWP and what type of work you are doing,
such as surface conditions, indoor or outdoor use, suspended surfaces etc.
HAZARD OR CONSIDERATION
MEWP size (height, reach etc)
TICK
CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING
>> How high does the MEWP need to reach?
>> Can people get in and out at height safely, if
they need to?
Rated capacity
>> Can the MEWP support the required number
of personnel (including an operator), tools
equipment, and materials.
Load dimensions
>> Can the entire load fit inside the platform?
>> If not, are there approved load carrying
attachments, such as pipe racks?
Indoor use (fully enclosed flat surface)
>> Usually an electric slab terrain MEWP is
most suitable.
>> If the MEWP has an engine, are fumes
exhausted?
Outdoor use
>> Is the MEWP rated for outdoor use?
>> How much wind will it face (min wind rating is
12.5 m/s)?
>> Determine maximum slope the MEWP will face.
Hard, level surface eg concrete, asphalt
(minimal slope)
Soft surface, rough terrain or sloping surface
50
>> Is a slab or rough terrain MEWP suitable?
>> What rough terrain gradeability/slope
needed?
SECTION 7.0 // APPENDICES
Suspended surfaces
>> Ask the supplier for the MEWP’s static
wheel load.
>> Ask the responsible engineer what the
maximum floor loadings are.
Hot work
>> Is the MEWP platform suitable for hot work,
such as welding? (Do not carry gas cylinders
in fully enclosed baskets).
Use harness systems
>> Harness systems must be used on a boomtype MEWP.
>> All harness systems must be:
>> Manufactured and tested in accordance with
AS/NZS 1891.1 2007: Industrial Fall Arrest
Systems & Devices: Harnesses and Ancillary
Equipment
>> tested to the standard
>> maintained to the standard in AS/NZS
1891.4 2009: Industrial Fall Arrest Systems &
Devices: Selection, Use and Maintenance.
Training/competence
This section details the competence levels needed to use different types of MEWPs and the training
options available.
MEWP TYPES & SPECIFIC PROCEDURES
TICK
COMMENTS
All MEWPs – Operators must be trained
and competent to use the particular
MEWP on site.
Emergency procedures – Suitable
qualified staff (who can retrieve the
platform using the controls at ground
level) or the emergency retrieval system
must be available in an emergency (eg
loss of normal power, operator injured).
THE CHOSEN MEWP THAT MEETS THE ABOVE CRITERIA
Name of supplier
The MEWP type (tick one)
Vertical lift
Scissor lift
Boom lift
Make:
Model:
Plant number:
Serial number:
Date of manufacture:
Commissioned date:
Date of last service:
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BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
7.8
EXAMPLE MEWPS HAZARD ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
Information in this section will help identify and control the hazards of working with MEWPs,
including site conditions, operator competence/training. The person or people responsible for the
safe use of MEWPs in their workplace should do the assessment before a MEWP is chosen.
SITE AND/OR LOCATION DETAILS
Company:
Site name and location:
Assessment conducted by (name):
Date:
Ergonomic hazards
Phone:
How will the MEWP be used (site conditions)
This section asks you to consider where you are using the MEWP and what type of work you are doing,
such as surface conditions, indoor or outdoor use, suspended surfaces etc.
HAZARD OR CONSIDERATION
TICK
CONTROL MEASURES IN PLACE
TICK
The MEWP size (height, reach etc)
Rated capacity
Load dimensions
Indoor use (fully enclosed flat surface)
Outdoor use (wind rating 12.5m/s
minimum/determine slope)
Hard, level surface eg concrete, asphalt
(minimal slope)
Soft surface, rough terrain or sloping surface
Suspended surfaces
Hot work
Harness systems
Training/competence
This section details the competence levels needed to use different types of MEWPs and the training
options available.
OPERATOR TRAINING
Operators trained and competent to operate
the particular MEWP used on site.
Emergency procedures – suitable qualified
staff and/or emergency retrieval system
52
TICK
WHAT’S IN PLACE
Evidence of competence (eg NZQA or
other training)?
SECTION 7.0 // APPENDICES
SITE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Information in this section helps operators assess the typical hazards of using MEWPs and gives
examples of suitable control measures.
HAZARDS
Machine controls and operation
TICK
POSSIBLE CONTROL MEASURES
>> Operators should always make sure they know
the 'ramp time' of each control function.
>> Ramp time is a built-in feature that creates
a few seconds’ delay before the relevant
function stops.
>> The MEWP slows down to a stop rather than
jerking to a halt, to keep the platform stable
and stop the operator losing their balance.
>> The control features let operators control the
speed of the boom to suit the task, ground
conditions and when working near structures,
such as proportional controls, high/low drive
speed and function speed select switches,
engine high/low rev switches.
>> See the manufacturer’s operating manual,
supplied with the boom, for how these
controls work.
Nearby hazards eg structures, dropoffs, other plant, traffic (mobile and
pedestrian)
>> Set up traffic management plans.
Electrical hazards eg overhead
powerlines, electric shock
>> Do not use a MEWP where an electrical
hazard exists. Keep at least 4m away from live
power lines.
>> Set up exclusion zones.
>> Ensure that there is enough stopping distance
between the MEWP and fixed structures.
>> Always use a residual current device (RCD)
protected power supply when charging
batteries or using work tools in the platform.
Surface conditions eg sloping surfaces or
soft, uneven ground
>> Inspect the entire worksite and identify soft,
uneven ground and other surface hazards.
>> Do not use on a slope greater than the
manufacturer’s rated gradeability (see the
operators manual).
>> Do not lift the platform on ground that is
steeper than the maximum rated slope of the
MEWP.
>> Do not drive or use on soft ground when the
platform is up.
Excavations, embankments and
underground hazards eg backfilled
ground, underground cavities
>> Check with the responsible person (eg
engineer, site manager) where any backfilled
ground or underground cavities are.
>> Inspect the entire workplace before using the
MEWP.
>> Do not drive or use a MEWP near an
unsupported excavation, embankment or
other unsupported underground hazard.
53
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
Suspended surfaces eg concrete slabs,
bridge decks, wharfs, jetties
>> Get the static wheel loads from the MEWP
supplier and maximum floor loading from
engineer.
>> Make sure the suspended surface can take the
weight of the MEWP, before you start work.
Wind
>> Never use an indoor / no wind MEWP
outdoors.
>> Never use a MEWP in winds stronger than the
manufacturer's recommendations.
Confined spaces or lack of ventilation
>> Use an electric MEWP or make sure there’s
good ventilation if using an engine-powered
machine.
Explosive/hazardous atmospheres
>> Do not use a MEWP in a hazardous
environment unless it is rated to handle it.
>> Do not carry explosive or flammable materials
in the platform.
Electromagnetic interference eg working
near mobile phone transmitters
>> If working near sources of electromagnetic
interference only use MEWPs that have
been tested/approved for electromagnetic
compatibility – check the operators manual or
contact the supplier/manufacturer.
Hot work
>> Carry a fire extinguisher on the platform when
doing ‘hot work’.
Working at heights
>> Always stay inside the MEWP platform and
never sit, stand or climb on the handrails or
use ladders for extra height or reach.
>> Always use a harness (attached to a certified
anchor point) when using a boom-type
MEWP.
>> Only get on or off the platform at height if it is
safe to do so (after a hazard assessment).
>> Make sure ground staff are trained to use the
emergency retrieval system.
>> Have a well-rehearsed emergency procedure
in case the emergency retrieval system can't
be used.
54
SECTION 7.0 // APPENDICES
Crushing hazards
>> Have a traffic management plan and set up
exclusion zones.
>> Keep all staff away when raising, lowering or
slewing the MEWP.
>> Make sure there is enough overhead clearance
when using the MEWP. Consider how high
any boom lifts go when driving over drop offs,
kerbs, gutters etc?
>> Operators must never put themselves
under, through or between boom sections
or scissor arms.
Tip over hazards
>> Do not use a MEWP on a slope steeper than
the manufacturer’s rated gradeability (see
operators’ manual).
>> Do not carry more than the manufacturer's
rated capacity (SWL) or apply more than the
maximum side force on the platform.
>> Do not attach signs or banners to the
platform.
>> Do not carry material with a large surface
area (eg roof sheets, plasterboard) in
windy conditions.
>> Do not attach ('tie off') a MEWP to a fixed
structure or other plant.
Other hazards:
55
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
7.9
EXAMPLE MEWP PRESTART INSPECTION CHECKLIST
Use the following checklist if you need a separate record of the Logbook Pre-operation inspection
(safety checks) done by the operator (or other site workers) before using a MEWP.
SITE AND/OR LOCATION DETAILS
Company:
Site name and location:
Inspection conducted by (name):
Date:
Position/title:
Phone:
Plant supplier details:
MEWP type (tick one)
Vertical lift
Scissor lift
Boom lift
Make:
Model:
Plant number:
Serial number:
Date of manufacture:
Commissioned date:
BEFORE CHECKING AND USING THE MACHINE
TICK
COMMENTS
TICK
COMMENTS
1. Disconnect 240v power (battery charger/
extension cords etc).
2. Read the manufacturer’s operating instructions
(or equivalent) before using the machine.
PRE-START CHECKS
3. Check chain and cable mechanisms for
slackness and damage.
4. Check chassis, scissor, boom sections, outrigger/
stabiliser legs for cracks, damage, security (incl.
keeper plates, keeper pins, bolts, nyloc nuts etc).
Check level bubble(s) not damaged (as fitted).
5. Check tyres for correct inflation, steering
linkages, tyres, wheels, wheel nuts, castors for
damage and security. Note: Most self-propelled
MEWPs have solid or foam-filled tyres.
6. Check hydraulic hoses and fuel system for leaks
and damage (look for puddles on ground).
56
SECTION 7.0 // APPENDICES
7. Check all fluid levels (engine oil to main/aux
engines, radiator, fuel and hydraulic tank etc).
8. Check cables, wiring, visible limit switches,
battery charger (as fitted) for damage.
Conduct earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB)
‘Push Button’ Test (as fitted). Test tag in date.
9. Are all warning, operation, safety and SWL
signs legible, including electrical hazard,
controls, wind rating?
10.Check the condition of personal protection
equipment (PPE) (eg, harnesses, lanyards,
personal energy absorbers).
Ensure attachment points are secure, and there
are no cracks or damage.
11. Platform and handrails – ensure
a. there is no damage
b. handrails are 100% secure
c. self closing action of doors is working
d. there is no grease or debris on floor
e. slide out deck(s) (as fitted) work smoothly
f. latches are ok.
12.Check controls are not damaged and return
to neutral or central position when released.
Emergency stops, dead-man, upper and
lower controls.
13.Do any other pre-start checks given by
the manufacturer.
14.Visually check all fibreglass components for
cracks especially where bonded to boom.
OPERATIONAL CHECKS – MACHINE STARTED
TICK
COMMENTS
15.Check operation of following:
Beware! Allow for ‘overrun’ (time delay)
when testing controls and brakes (check
manufacturer operator instructions)
>> Emergency stops and dead-mans as fitted
at both upper and lower controls (machine
should stop when dead-man button or foot
control is released).
>> Controls at ground (raise/lower/slew etc).
>> Controls at platform (forward/reverse/raise/
lower/slew etc).
57
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
>> Safety features and lockouts including
outriggers, drive/elevation cut out, high/
low speed change over, pothole protection
system, etc.
>> Brakes, check no excessive run on (incl. slew
brake as fitted).
Beware! Some machines have a time delay
before brakes apply.
16.Check platform emergency descent and/
or operator retrieval system (as fitted) work.
Ensure valves/control returned to ‘normal
operating’ position (as per manufacturer’s
manual).
17.Check flashing lights and alarms work.
18.Do any other operational checks recommended
by the manufacturer.
FAULTY EQUIPMENT PROCEDURE
If the MEWP was found to have any faults, follow the steps below.
1. Tag the equipment with a ‘DO NOT USE’ tag to
warn others that the equipment is faulty.
2. Advise your supervisor of the faults with the
equipment.
3. Advise the owner of the equipment that it is
faulty and needs attention.
4. Record details of fault in the logbook provided
with the MEWP.
58
SECTION 7.0 // APPENDICES
7.10
PUBLICATIONS AND REFERENCE MATERIAL
LEGISLATION
Electricity Act 1992
The Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992
Electricity (Safety) Regulations 2010
The Health and Safety in Employment Regulations 1995
STANDARD NUMBER
STANDARD NUMBER
Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe Use – Mobile Elevating Work Platforms
AS2550.10
Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Safe Use – General Requirements
AS 2550.1
Non-domestic Passenger and Goods Lifts
NZS 4332
Safety of Machinery – Design of Controls. Interlocks and Guarding –
Emergency Stop – Principles for Design
AS 4024:1604
Cranes, Hoists and Winches – Part 10: Mobile Elevating Work Platforms
AS/NZS 1418.10
Electrical Installations – Construction and Demolition Sites
AS/NZS 3012
In-Service Safety Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment
AS/NZS 3760
Acoustic Emission Testing of Fiberglass Insulated Booms on Elevating
Work Platforms
AS 4748
CODES OF PRACTICE
Approved Code of Practice for Cranes – Includes the Design, Manufacture, Supply, Safe Operation,
Maintenance and Inspection of Cranes (Cranes ACOP)
Approved Code of Practice for Safety and Health in Arboriculture
Forklifts – Approved Code of Practice for Training Operators and Instructors of Powered Industrial Lift
Trucks
Approved Code of Practice for the Management of Noise in the Workplace
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Best Practice Guidelines for the Safe Use of Elevating Work Platforms in the Horticultural Industry
Best Practice Guidelines for Scaffolding in New Zealand
Best Practice Guidelines for Working at Height in New Zealand
Best Practice Guidelines for Working on Roofs in New Zealand
59
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
GUIDES
Keeping Safe at Work – A Guide for Employees – Employee Rights under the Health and Safety in
Employment Act 1992 www.business.govt.nz/worksafe/information-guidance/all-guidance-items/
keeping-safe-at-work-a-guide-for-employees/working-together
Managing Health and Safety: A Guide for Employers – Department of Labour – New Zealand www.
business.govt.nz/worksafe/information-guidance/all-guidance-items/managing-health-and-safety-aguide-for-employers
A Principal’s Guide to Contracting to meet the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 plus its
summary, Health and Safety in Contracting Situations.
OVERSEAS STANDARDS
BS EN 280 Mobile Elevating Work Platforms. Design Calculations. Stability Criteria. Construction. Safety.
Examinations and Tests
ANSI/SIA A92.2 Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices
ISO 16368 Mobile Elevating Work Platforms – Design, Calculations, Safety Requirements and Test
Methods.
60
BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES // MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
WorkSafe New Zealand
Level 6, 86 Customhouse Quay
PO Box 165
Wellington 6140
Phone: +64 4 897 7699
Fax: +64 4 415 4015
0800 030 040
www.worksafe.govt.nz
@WorkSafeNZ
62
ISBN: 978-0-478-43326-5 (print)
ISBN: 978-0-478-43325-8 (online)