Archaebacteria and
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
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Prokaryote
Extreme habitats
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Marches
Lake sediments
Digestive tracts
Sewage disposal plants
Acidic Sulfur springs
Ocean floor
Volcanic areas
Usually no free oxygen available
Eubacteria
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Prokaryote
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Heterotrophic
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Chemosynthetic
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Use organic molecules as their food source
Parasites – get nutrients from other organisms
Saprophytes – get nutrients from dead organic matter
Chemosynthesis – break down and release energy of
inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen
Important for converting atmospheric nitrogen into
compounds for plants
Photosynthetic – convert light energy
into food
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Chlorophyll
Cyanobacteria
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Ponds, streams, chains of independent cells
http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca
Cyanobacteria
Structure of Bacteria
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Small ribosomes
Genes in a single circular chromosome
Cell Wall composed of chitin
 Used as weapon against antibiotics
 Penicillin interferes with ability to make cell walls
Capsule
 Enhances the ability to
cause disease
Flagellum, Flagella
 Tail to help move
Pillus, Pilli
 hairs to help stick
to surfaces
http://www.palaeos.com
Identifying Bacteria
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Shapes
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Spheres – Coccus
Rods – Bacillus
Spirals - Spirillum
Identifying Bacteria
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Shapes
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Spheres – coccus
Rods – Bacillus
Spirals - Spirillum
Identifying Bacteria
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Shapes
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Spheres – coccus
Rods – Bacillus
Spirals - Spirillum
Identifying Bacteria
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Coccus Growth Patterns
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Diplo – paired growth
Stahphylo – grapes
Strepto - chains
Reproduction - Binary Fission
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Asexual Reproduction
Copies chromosome
Cell membrane grows separating chromosomes
Partition forms and two genetically identical cells
created
Some produce up to once every 20 minutes
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Run out of space, nutrients
Wastes kill them
Reproduction - Conjugation
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Sexual Reproduction
One bacterium
transfers all or part of
chromosome through
bridge (pilus) to
another
New genetic
compositions!
http://fig.cox.miami.edu
Diversity of Metabolism
the set of chemical reactions that happen in the
cells of living organisms to sustain life.
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Obligate aerobes
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Obligate anaerobes
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Require oxygen
Cellular Respiration
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Killed by oxygen
Energy is released by fermentation
Treponema pallidum - syphillis
Toxins
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Anaerobes can produce powerful poisons
Endospores
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Tiny structure that
contains DNA, some
cytoplasm, and is
encased by tough
covering
Rests and does not
reproduce
Occurs when faced with
unfavorable conditions
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Resists boiling water, outer
space, dryness and harsh
chemicals
Bacteria Importance
Nitrogen Fixation
1.
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N2 = 80% of atmosphere
All organisms need Nitrogen
Process that converts N2 into ammonia preformed by
bacteria = Nitrogen fixation
Ammonia  Nitrite  Nitrate also done by bacteria
Live symbiotically with roots of trees and legumes
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Peas, peanuts, soybeans
Bacteria Importance
2. Recycling of Nutrients
 Break down materials and wastes
 Returns nutrients to environment
3. Foods and Medicines
 During respiration diverse products produced
 Cheese, Vinegar, Vitamins, antibiotics
4. Diseases
 Air, food, water, wounds
 Interfere with body tissue or release toxins