Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on
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Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on Europe How do physical features impact Europe? What is the Impact of Physical Features on Europe? How have peninsulas impacted Europe? Scandinavian Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula • Norway and Sweden • Surrounded by Baltic Sea, North Sea and the Norwegian Sea • Formed by glaciation • Glaciation carved fjords and lakes • Fjords provide harbors Scandinavian Peninsula Fjord Kayaking in a Norwegian Fjord Jutland Peninsula Jutland Peninsula • Denmark • Glaciation carved fjords • Surrounded by North Sea, and Baltic Sea Jutland Peninsula Bulbjerg, Denmark Henne Strand, Denmark Iberian Peninsula Iberian Peninsula • Spain and Portugal • Bay of Biscay, Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea • Semi-arid plateau • Isolated Spain and Portugal by Pyrenees mountains • Isolated people • Dry farming: farming method to conserve soil moisture Iberian Peninsula Garrotxa Volcano, Pyrennes Mountains, Spain Aerial Photo of Spain Apennine Peninsula Apennine Peninsula • Italy • Varied coastline (high rocky cliffs to sandy beaches) • Provides fertile plain around the Po River • Draws tourism Apennine Peninsula Amalfi Coast, Italy Amalfi Coast, Italy Balkan Peninsula Balkan Peninsula • Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece • Surrounded by Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea • Mountains and valleys • Difficult to travel • Use rivers and seas to travel Balkan Peninsula Crete, Greece Dubrovnik, Croatia Islands of Europe Great Britain Iceland What is the impact of the islands of Europe? Iceland Iceland • South of the Arctic Circle in North Atlantic Ocean • Volcanoes, hot springs, geysers • Use hot springs for heating and hot water • Geothermal energy Aerial Photo, Icelandic Glacier Iceland Geyser in Iceland Icelandic Hot Springs British Isles British Isles • Northwest of European mainland • Two islands: Great Britain and Ireland • Mountains, plateaus, deep valleys, hills and plains • Cool temperature and abundant rainfall • Good for farming British Isles Keem Bay, Ireland Scottish Highlands, Scotland Mediterranean Islands Sicily, Italy Cyprus Mediterranean Islands Sardinia, Italy Corsica, France Mediterranean Islands Balearic Islands, Spain Malta Mediterranean Islands Impact • Draws tourists • Rugged landscape • Sunny climate Ibiza, Spain (Balearic Islands) How do the mountains and uplands effect Europe? Mountains and Uplands Ben Nevis, Scotland Massif Central, France Mountains and Uplands Pyrenees Mountains • Border of Spain and France • Barrier to movement to mainland Europe Mountains and Uplands Alps • Southern France to Balkan Peninsula • Snowfields and glaciers due to high elevation • Barrier that separates warm, dry climate of Mediterranean region from cooler climates of the north • Historically has not been a barrier to travel Mountains and Uplands Carpathian Mountains • Eastern Europe • Slovakia to Romania • People crossed mountains for trade and travel Uplands Central Uplands • France, Germany, Czech Republic and Slovakia • Old and eroded region • Rounded hills and low mountains • Coal fields • Industrial towns and cities developed near coal deposits European Uplands How does the Northern European Plain impact the region? Plains Northern European Plain • Aka Great European Plain • Southeastern England and western France eastward to Poland, Ukraine, and Russia • Fertile soil and river = farming & irrigation • Deposits of coal and iron ore • Led to development of industrial revolution • Large cities located on the plain • River ports and cities developed • Trade, travel, migration, invasion • Important farming and industrial area How are rivers being used in Europe? Water Systems Danube River system Rhine River system Water Systems Thames River, England • Transportation link • Provide water for irrigation and hydroelectric power • Allows ocean going ships to reach London Water Systems Rhine River • Begins in Alps and flows north through Germany and France to the Netherlands • Used as a link between inland area and seas • Connects many industrial cities • Pollution Rotterdam, Netherlands Water Systems Danube River • Flows from Germany to the Black sea • Main-Danube Canal connects Rhine and Danube river linking North Sea and Black Sea • Pollution Describe the major climates of Europe and how they have affected Europe How do the major climatic regions affect Europe? What factors affect Europe’s Climate? North Atlantic Drift • North Atlantic Drift= Warm Atlantic current • Moist warm air • Moderates climate of Europe North Atlantic Drift • Warm ocean current from North America and tropical Gulf Stream • Warms air • Prevailing westerly winds blow moist air on northwestern Europe • Mild temperatures • Able to grow crops in high latitudes (Ex. Sweden) Latitude • Eastern & Northern Europe= Colder climate • Western & Southern Europe= Warmer climate Latitude • Boston, USA 42 N, 71 W • Paris, France: 48 N, 2 E • Frankfurt, Germany 50 N, 8E – Midler in Paris and Frankfurt than Boston – Due to warm North Atlantic Drift Latitude Elevation • Alps separates Southern and Northern climate regions • Keeps the north colder, keeps the south warmer What are the different European Climate Regions? Climate of Western Europe Marine west coast – Mild winters, cool summers, and rain – warm Atlantic water – Prevailing Westerly winds bring moist air over Europe – Rainfall average is 20 to 80 inches – Southern Iceland, British Isles, coastal Scandinavia – Northern Spain, France, Germany to Poland Dublin, Ireland Climate of Southern Europe Mediterranean • Mediterranean – Warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters – Alps block moist Atlantic winds = less rain – Mistral= strong north wind from the Alps to southern France – Siroccos= high, dry winds from North Africa= high temperatures – Less rain brings forest fires and droughts – Attracts tourists Mediterranean sea Northern Europe Subarctic – Iceland, Finland, northern Scandinavia – Cold winters and short, cool summers Northern Sweden Eastern Europe Humid continental climate • Humid Continental Climate – Cold, snowy winters and hot summers – Atlantic moist wind less effective= varied temperatures – Interior of Norway and Sweden to Poland, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary to the Black Sea – Four seasons snowy winter & cool humid summer – Severe winters and summer droughts – Adequate rainfall for agriculture Bulgaria Smaller Climate regions • Humid subtropical climate – Southeast of Alps, Po Valley to Balkans – Longer growing seasons • Semi-arid climate – Spain’s meseta – Need irrigation Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on Europe How do physical features impact Europe? DAILY QUIZ SSWG6A QUIZ DESCRIBE THE MAJOR PHYSICAL FEATURES AND THEIR IMPACT ON EUROPE DAILY QUIZ SSWG6B QUIZ DESCRIBE THE MAJOR CLIMATES OF EUROPE AND HOW THEY HAVE AFFECTED EUROPE
