FORENSIC
SCIENCE
Crime Scene Analysis
CRITICAL
THINKING
When Mrs. Jackson came
back from lunch, there were
several messages on her desk.
B changing
By
h i eachh digit
di it off the
th
phone numbers to one of the
three corresponding letters on
the telephone buttons, can
yyou determine from whom
each message came?
2
Answers
to Critical Thinking
È336-8478
È(222)686-8268
(
)
È774-6837
È487 2263
È487-2263
È247-5463
È832-2437
3
FACETS OF GUILT
È Means—
ÈMotive–
(This doesn’t have to be proven or presented in a court of
law, but its what everyone wants to know.)
ÈOpportunity—
4
Murder Charges
1st Degree Murder—
2nd Degree Murder—
Voluntary Manslaughter—
Involuntary
y Manslaughter
g
((criminally
y negligent
g g
homicide)—
5
Crimee Scene
C
Sce e Team
ea
Is a group of professional
investigators, each trained in a
variety of special disciplines.
Team Members
É.
É.
É.
6
First Officer
at the Scene
ÉA
ÉD
ÉA
ÉP
ÉT
7
Evidence Technician
É Record the crime scene
É.
É.
É.
É Conduct a search for evidence
É Set up numbers at the pieces of
evidence
É Has the necessary
y equipment
q p
É Forceps
É Bags--paper and plastic
É Envelopes
É Jars and Q-tips
É Properly collect all evidence
É Maintain a __________________
É Obtain reference samples
_____________________________
É Submit evidence to Lab
8
Medical Examiner’s
Responsibilities (Review)
É Identify the deceased
É Establish the time and date of death
É Determine a medical cause of death--the injury
j y or disease that resulted in
the person dying
É Determine the mechanism of death--the physiological reason that the
pperson died
É Classify the manner of death
É
É
É
É
É
Natural
Accidental
Suicide
Homicide
Undetermined
É Notify
N if the
h next off kin
ki
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Physical Evidence
¾.
¾.
¾.
10
Evidence
Characteristics
Class Evidence-Individual Evidence—
Evidence
ABO Blood Typing
Blood DNA Typing
11
Crime Scene
Sketch
Date: August 14,
14 2001
Time: 11:35
Criminalist: Ann Wilson
Location: 4358 Rockledge Dr
St. Louis, Mo.
A. Couch/sofa
E
c
B. Female body
D
C. Knife
D. Over turned Lamp
E Chairs
E.
E
F. Table
G. Fireplace
G
A
F
E
E
E
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Crime Scene
Search Patterns
TWO of FOUR PATTERNS
)Spiral
Spiral
)Grid
Grid
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Crime Scene
Search Patterns
TWO of FOUR PATTERNS
)Strip
Strip or Line
)Quadrant
Quadrant or Zone
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Crime Scene Mapping
(outdoors)
ÈAzimuth--uses a compass
p beam to determine
the location of each piece of evidence
ÈTriangulation--uses
ÈTriangulation
uses two points at the crime
scene to map each piece of evidence
ÈCoordinate or grid
grid--divides
divides the crime scene into
squares for mapping.
ÈS
ÈSuspended
d dP
Polar
l C
Coordinate--for
di t f use in
i
mapping evidence in a hole
È
ÈBaseline--set
a north/south line and measures
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each piece of evidence from this line.
AZIMUTH
Determines:
•Direction
•Distance
•Elevation
16
TRIANGULATION
Measure from A to B
and then to the
evidence
id
in
i a
triangular shape.
17
Coordinate or
G id Mapping
Grid
M i
Set a north/south
line from a datum
point established
by a GPS.
Make it a perfect square (4 x 4)
by shooting the hypotenuse
and setting in stakes every foot
or meter.
meter
Measure and map
the location of each
piece of evidence.
Then collect
evidence and place
in containers by
id
grid.
18
Baseline Mapping
Set a north/south line from
the furthest most points
of the crime scene. Then
measure each piece of
evidence from that
b li
baseline.
Evidence
E id
will
ill
need a numerical
measurement where the
piece begins, ends and in
the middle.
Evidence
Baseline
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Suspended Polar
C di
Coordinate
Measure and mapp each
layer of evidence as
you move down the
hole. Use the
compass readings
from the top to
measure degrees and
a tank dipping line to
measure depth.
20
MAPPING
TECHNOLOGY
The latest technology
includes this Nikon
Tsunami with computer
computer.
The exact location of all
crime evidence can be
determined and directly
loaded into a computer
to produce a crime scene
map. Cost = $35,000
f the
for
th set.
t
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Remember:
“HOW PLUS WHY EQUALS
Q
WHO”
--John Douglas, former FBI profiler
Keep this in mind as you analyze a crime scene…
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