Chemistry
Mole Flow Chart
Conversion Factors
Particles/Atoms/Molecules
6.02 x 1023
1 Mole
6.02 x 102 3atoms
-OR6.02 x 102 3atoms
1 Mole
Conversion Factors
1 Mole
Atomic/molecular Wt.
-ORAtomic/Molecular Wt.
1 Mole
1 Mole
Conversion Factors
1 Mole
22.4 dm3
-OR22.4 dm3
1 Mole
Mass
(grams)
atomic mass or
molecular mass
from periodic table
Volume Of A Gas
22.4 dm3
Activity Series Chart
Metals
Most Active
Non-Metals
Name
Symbol
Name
Symbol
Lithium
Potassium
Barium
Strontium
Calcium
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Manganese
Zinc
Iron
Cadmium
Cobalt
Nickel
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Mercury
Gold
Li
K
Ba
Sr
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Mn
Zn
Fe
Cd
Co
Ni
Sn
Pb
H
Cu
Ag
Hg
Au
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
F
Cl
Br
I
Least Active
*** Elements CANNOT replace anything ABOVE them. The reaction
DOES NOT OCCUR in this situation.
Chemistry
Gas Laws
Cheat Sheet
Boyle’s Law
P1V1 = P2V2
P1 = P2V2
V1 = P2V2
V1
P1
V2= P1V1
P2
P2 = P1V1
V2
Combined Gas Law
Charles’ Law
V1 = V2
T1
V1 = V2T1
T2
T1 = V1T2
V2
V2= V1T2
T1
T2 = V2T1
V1
Graham’s Law
P1V1 = P2V2
T1
T2
P1 = P2V2T1
T2V1
P2 = P1V1T2
T1V2
V1 = P2V2T1
T2P1
V2= P1V1T2
T1P2
T1= P1V1T2
P2V2
T2= P2V2T1
P1V1
V1 =
M2
V2
M1
______ diffuses ______ times as fast as _____.
General Conversions
STP = OoC (273 K), 101.3 kPa
101.3 kPa = 760 mm Hg = 760 torrs = 1 atm = 14.69 lbs/in2
1 kPa = 7.5 torrs
1 kPa = 7.5 mm Hg
1 torr = 1 mm Hg
PSI =
T2
lbs/in2
(Gas X )
(#)
(Gas Y)
Temperature Conversions
T K = ToC + 273
ToC = TK - 273
ToF = 1.80 (ToC ) +32
ToC= ToF - 32
1.80
Ion Charge Sheet
Binary Fixed Charge
Symbol
H
Li
Na
(+) K
Rb
Cs
Ag
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
(+2)
Ba
Ra
Zn
Ni
(+3) Al
Name
hydrogen
lithium
sodium
potassium
rubidium
cesium
silver
beryllium
magnesium
calcium
strontium
barium
radium
zinc
nickel
aluminum
(-)
(-2)
(-3)
(-4)
Symbol
H
F
Cl
Br
I
O
S
Se
Te
N
P
As
B
C
Name
hydride
fluoride
chloride
bromide
iodide
oxide
sulfide
selenide
telluride
nitride
phosphide
arsenide
boron
carbon
Variable Charged Metals
(Stock system)
copper(I)
copper(II)
iron(II)
iron(III)
tin(II)
Common
Name
cuprous
cupric
ferrous
ferric
stannous
Sn4+
Cr2 +
tin(IV)
chromium(II)
Cr3+
Mn2 +
Mn3+
chromium(III)
manganese(II)
manganese(III)
Symbol
Cu+
Cu2 +
Fe2 +
Fe3+
Sn2 +
Hg2 +
Pb2 +
Pb4+
Co2 +
(Stock system)
mercury(I)
mercury(II)
lead(II)
lead(IV)
cobalt (II)
Common
Name
mercurous
mercuric
plumbous
plumbic
cobaltous
stannic
chromous
Co3+
Au+
cobalt (III)
gold(I)
cobaltic
aurous
chromic
manganous
manganic
Au3+
gold(III)
auric
Symbol
Hg2 2 +
Co2 +
Symbols and Charges for Polyatomic Ions
(+)
(-)
Formula
Name
Formula
+
NH4
ammonium
Hg2
Mercury (I) or Mercurous
nitrate
nitrite
cyanide
hypoiodite
iodate
periodate
permanganate
amide
thiocyanate
ClO4
ClO3
ClO2
ClO
BrO
BrO3
OH
ReO4
perchlorate
chlorate
chlorite
hypochlorite
hypobromite
bromate
hydroxide
Perhennate
HS
HCO3
HC2 O4
hydrogen sulfide
hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
hydrogen oxalate (binoxalate)
H2 PO4
dihydrogen phosphate
HPO4
C4H4O6
SiO3
S2O3
SeO4
SiF6
hydrogen phosphate
tartrate
silicate
thiosulfate
selenate
hexafluorosilicate
NO3
NO2
CN
IO
IO3
IO4
MnO4
NH2
SCN
HSO3
HSO4
C2 H3O2
hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)
hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)
acetate (CH3COO-)
O2
CO3
SO4
SO3
(-2) C2O4
B4O7
CrO4
Cr2O7
peroxide
carbonate
sulfate
sulfite
oxalate
tetraborate
chromate
dichromate
PO4
2+
Name
phosphate
(-3) PO3
AsO3
phosphite
arsenite
AsO4
BO3
arsenate
borate
Greek Prefixes
1 mono
2 di
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa
7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona
10 deca
Diatomic Molecules
N2 , O2 , H2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2 , F2
The Modern Periodic Table of the Elements
1
18
Hydrogen
H
1.01
2.1
2
Lithium
Beryllium
3
4
Li
Be
6.94
1.0
Sodium
Element name
Average relative masses
are 2001 values, rounded
to two decimal places.
1
1.5
Mercury
Symbol
2
Atomic #
80
All average masses are to
be treated as measured
quantities, and subject to
significant figure rules. Do
not round them further
when performing
calculations.
9.01
Helium
He
Hg
200.59
Avg. Mass
14
15
16
17
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
5
6
7
8
9
10
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
10.81
1.9
Electronegativity
12.01
2.0
Magnesium
4.00
13
Aluminum
14.01
2.5
16.00
3.0
19.00
3.5
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
--Neon
20.18
4.0
Chlorine
--Argon
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
22.99
24.31
26.98
28.09
30.97
32.07
35.45
39.95
Krypton
0.9
1.2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.5
3.0
---
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
40.08
44.96
47.88
50.94
52.00
54.94
55.85
58.93
58.69
63.55
65.39
69.72
72.61
74.92
78.96
79.90
83.80
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
85.47
87.62
88.91
91.22
92.91
95.94
(98)
101.07
102.91
106.42
107.87
112.41
114.82
118.71
121.76
127.60
126.90
131.29
Cesium
Barium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
K
39.10
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
55
56
Cs
Ba
132.91
137.33
Francium
Radium
87
88
Fr
Ra
0.7
(223)
0.7
1.3
1.2
57-70
*
0.9
(226)
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.2
1.8
2.2
1.8
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.4
2.1
2.8
2.5
3.0
2.6
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
174.97
178.49
180.95
183.84
186.21
190.23
192.22
195.08
196.97
200.59
204.38
207.20
208.98
(209)
(210)
Ytterbium
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.4
1.9
1.8
1.8
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Ununnilum
Unununium
Ununbium
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
114
Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Uun
Uuu
Uub
Uuq
(262)
(261)
---
(262)
---
(263)
---
(262)
---
---
(265)
(266)
---
(271)
---
(272)
---
2.0
Ununquadium
(277)
---
1.9
(289)
---
---
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
138.91
140.12
140.91
144.24
(145)
150.36
151.97
157.25
158.93
162.50
164.93
167.26
168.93
173.04
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
1.1
**actinides
Molybdenum
1.5
Hf
0.9
*lanthanides
1.6
1.6
71
Lawrencium
**
1.4
1.6
Lu
1.1
89-102
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
Mendelevium
1.1
Nobelium
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
(227)
232.04
231.04
238.03
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
(257)
(258)
(259)
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
2.2
(222)
2.4
Solubility Table
To Be Used With Double Replacement Reactions
Table Of Solubility In Water
KEY
CHART
S
=
soluble in water
PHASE
(aq)
I
=
insoluble in water
(s)
P
=
slightly soluble
in water
(s)
-
=
compound does not exist
General Rules Of Solubility
1.) All ammonium, potassium and sodium
compounds are soluble in water (aq).
2.) All acetates, chlorates and nitrates are
soluble in water (aq).
3.) All chlorides are soluble in water except those
of silver, mercurous and lead.
4.) All sulfates are soluble in water except those
of barium, lead, calcium, strontium and silver
which are only slightly soluble (s).
5.) Carbonates, phosphates, oxides, silicates,
sulfides and sulfates are generally insoluble
(s) with the exceptions of those of ammonium,
potassium and sodium.
6.) All hydroxides are insoluble except those of
ammonium, potassium, sodium, barium, calcium
and strontium. Those of barium , calcium, and
strontium are only slightly soluble in water (s).
7.) All acids are soluble (aq).
8.) HOH is water (H2 O) and it is a LIQUID (l)
(s)
Solutions
Chemistry
Conversions & Equations
Equations
Molarity = Moles Of Solute
Liter Of Solution
Liters Of Solution = Moles Of Solute
Molarity
Moles Of Solute = Liter Of Solution
Moles Of Solute = grams of solute
molar mass of solute
x Molarity
***molar mass = formula mass
Grams Of Solute = molar mass of solute x moles of solute
Liter Of Solution = ml of solution
1000
Conversions
1000 ml = 1 liter
1 cm3 = 1 ml
1000 cm3 = 1 dm3 = 1 liter
Acid Base Titrations
VaNa = VbNb
Va = volume of acid
Na = normality of acid
Vb = volume of base
Nb = normality of base
Va = VbNb
Na
Na = VbNb
Va
Nb = VaNa
Vb
1
Vb = VaNa
Nb
STOICHIOMETRY
COEFFICIENT MOLE BRIDGE
Given Substance
Flow Chart
Atoms
Find Substance
Flow Chart
Atoms
Given To Find
Mole Bridge
6.02 x 1023
6.02 x 1023
1 Mole
Mass
(grams)
atomic mass
or formula mass
1 Mole
Volume Of
A Gas
22.4 dm3
Balanced Equation
Coefficients
Mass
(grams)
atomic mass
or formula mass
Volume Of
A Gas
22.4 dm3