C7 Bone Tissue / MC3
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
What is the anatomy of a “long bone”?
See Figure 7.1
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- epiphysial plate
- nutrient foramina
- periosteum
- endosteum
- articular cartilage
- perforating fibers
How do osteocytes get nutrients and
excrete waste products?
What three components make up the
skeletal system?
What are osteogenic cells?
Where are these cells found?
What is an osteoclast?
What terms are used to classify bone
based on the shape of the bone?
What is an osteoblast?
Where do osteoblast come from?
What do osteoblast produce?
What happens to an osteoblast after it
becomes “trapped” inside the lacuma?
Why would an engineer classify bone
as a composite material?
What are the two substances called
that make bone a composite?
What characteristics do these different
materials give bone?
What are the two methods call for
bone formatoion in human fetus and
infants?
What is the process of bone formation called?
- perforating canal
- trabeculae
- spicules
- spongy bone
- compact bone
- concentric lamellae
- central canal (Haversian)
- osteon
- perforating canal
- circumferential lamellae
- endosteum
- periosteum
- perforating fibers
What is interstitial growth?
What preceeds intramembranous ossification?
What precceds endochondral ossificaion?
What is the epiphyseal plate?
What happens at the epiphyseal plate at
your late teens or early twenties?
What do we then call this structure?
How are nutrients and waste products
transported between the central canal
and osteous cells located beneath the
periosteum?
What is appositional growth?
What is the term that describes the
soft tissue that fills the marrow cavity
of long bones and the spaces amid the
trabeculae of spongy bone?
What are the two forms of this tissue
and how does it change as we age?
Explain
What is Wolff’s Law of Bone?
Why is it important?
What role in calcium homeostasis do
these three substances play?
- calcitriol (from skin)
- calcitonin (from throid gland)
- parathyroid hormone (from parathyroid gland)
What is hydroxyapatite crystals?
Why do they not form in most tissues?
Why do they form in bone?
What do they “seed” onto?
Calcium is an important “reglatory
ion” in many different mechanisms.
So calcium homeostasis is critical for
life. Hypocalcemia is more dangerous. Why?
What is an early sign of hypocalcemia?
What two substances do osteoclast
secrete to reabsorb bone?
What are the four stages for the healing of a bone fracture?
What is osteoporosis?