lesson 4.notebook
November 18, 2015
Given the following element, Nickel answer these questions:
1. How many protons does the nickel atom have?
2. What is the family/series name?
3. Is it a metal or nonmetal?
4. Give the period and group number in that order
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Developing Models of Matter
What does an atom look like?
About 450 BC
• Greek philosopher believed matter was made up of four elements, Earth, WInd,Fire and Water.
~400 BC
• Democritus
• Matter of tiny particles
• called them atoms • Idea was not widely accepted.
1808
•
•
•
•
•
John Dalton­­Particle Theory
All matter is made of tiny particles
Each element has its own kind
compounds are created when elements combine
ATOMS CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED
1904
• JJ Thomson
• "raisin bun"
• electrons are embedded in a sphere
1911
• Bohr­Rutherford Model
• electrons can move around the nucleus in nearly circular orbits
• the order electrons fill in the orbits in a 2, 8, 8 manner [first 3 orbits]
• the closer the electrons are to the nucleus the more stable
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Bohr Diagrams for an ATOM
The element symbol is written in the center and the electrons are filled into the orbits around the nucleus.
• Arrangement of electrons
Hydrogen atom
Helium atom
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lithium atom
Neon atom
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Bohr Diagram
A. Al
B. Ca
C. K
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How Many Valence electrons does
phosphorus have? [use Bohr Model]
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Pop Quiz
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N atom
• Valence electrons
• Number of orbital[s].
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DRAW BOHR MODELS FOR
Sodium
Neon
Fluorine
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Ionic Compounds
Metal + Nonmetal
Atom­neutral, number of electrons and protons are equal.
When neutral atoms collide, an electron is transferred from one atom to the other
Ions­ particles with an electrical charge [unequal
protons and electrons]
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Trends of the periodic table:
****Metals lose electrons to
form positive ions
****Non-metals gain electrons to
form negative ions
*** Noble gases will never form ions
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Bohr Model
Na atom Na ion
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Cl atom
November 18, 2015
Cl ion
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nitrogen atom nitrogen ion
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Atom
November 18, 2015
Gain or lose electrons?
how many?
Symbol
for Ion
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1. Draw a bohr model for the oxygen ion. What is the
symbol?
2. If the symbol for the zinc ion is Zn2+ have electrons
been lost or gained and how many?
3. What is the difference between an atom and an ion?
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Atom Worksheet
1. What are the three main particles of an atom?
2. What are the charges of each one of these particles?
3. What is the center of an atom called?
4. What is the charge of the center of an atom?
5. What makes up the center of the atom?
6. What orbits the center of an atom?
7. Like charges (i.e. + and +) do what?
8. How many particles of the part that orbits the nucleus is on the shell closet to the center of the atom?
9. What is the name of group 17 elements?
10. What does the atomic number of an atom represent ?
11. Can 2 different elements have the same atomic number?
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12. What is mercury's atomic number?
13. How many protons does Mercury have?
14. What element has one less proton than mercury?
15. What makes up the atomic mass of an atom?
16. Draw a Bohr model of the atom for Hydrogen?
17. What is the atomic mass of tin?
18. How many neutrons does tin have?
19. How many electrons does a neutral tin atom have?
20. Why is the atomic mass on the periodic table never a whole number?
21. What is an isotope?
22. How can an atom have a negative charge?
23. How can an atom have a positive charge?
24. How can an atom have a neutral charge?
25.
What is an ion?
26. What type of elements tend to form positive ions?
27. What type of elements tend to negative ions ?
28. What ion does Sulfur form?
29. What ion does radium form?
30. What ion does bromine form? Name this ion.
31. What group of elements lose 1 electron to become positive ions?
32. Draw a bohr model for Phosphorus?
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Metal
Magnesium atom
+
Nonmetal
Oxygen atom.
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Write the ion symbol for each of the following:
calcium
fluorine
barium
sulfur
lithium
phosphorus
gallium
bromine
cesium
nitrogen
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When talking about a nonmetal ion
the ending is change to ---ide
oxygen­­­­­­ oxide
nitrogen­­­­­ nitride
sulfur­­­­­­ sulfide
bromine­­­­ bromide
chlorine­­­­ chloride
iodine­­­­ iodide
phosphorus­­­phosphide
fluorine­­­fluoride
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To form IONIC COMPOUNDS
WE NEED A Metal + Nonmetal
*** When they form a compound the
overall charge must be zero! ***
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
1.Use lower case letters
2.Name the metal first
3.Name the non-metal. Use the root of the
word and add "ide"
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
• Metal + Nonmetal ­­> Ionic Compound
Chemical Formula
Chemical Name
A. NaCl
B. CaBr2
C.
RbI
D.
Al2O3
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Writing the formula for Ionic
* Overall charge of
Compounds....
Zero *
1.First determine the ion charge for the metal and nonmetal
2.Use a subscript to show how many of each metal and nonmetal are needed to get an overall charge of zero!!
A.calcium oxide
B.calcium chloride
C.calcium nitride
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D. magnesium bromide
E. silver phosphide
F. cesium oxide
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What do you remember?
1. Draw a bohr diagram for the phosphide.
2. Write the chemical name for
A. CaS
B. Mg3P2
Write the chemical formula for:
A. barium nitride
B. sodium oxide
C.
AlCl3
3.
C. magnesium nitride
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Chemical name
1.
Chemical Formula
zinc phosphide
2.
scandium oxide
3.
zirconium sulfide
4.
5.
6.
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Attachments
Atom Worksheet theory.doc
solutions to theory worksheet.notebook
lesson3.notebook
naming.notebook
atomparticleanswerkey.notebook
periodictable.notebook
periodic table.notebook