LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
(DIVISIONS OF LABOR)
DIVISION OF LABOR
•An organism’s body divides up the labor into
sections depending on the function.
•Generalization: A group of cells working
together make up tissues, a group of tissues
working together make up organs, a group of
organs working together make up an organ
system, and a group of organ systems working
together make up an organism.
CELLS
•A multi-cellular organism cannot function
properly without all of the cells in its body
working together.
•Each type of cell specializes in performing
one particular function.
EXAMPLES OF CELLS IN AN ORGANISM
Red blood cells: transport
oxygen
Nerve cell: have nerve fibers
to transmit signals
Root cell: found in plants that
help absorb water from the
soil
Leaf guard cell: controls water
loss
FROM CELLS TO TISSUES
Group of similar cells that are specialized
to perform a particular function.
Each type of tissue specializes in
performing one particular function.
EXAMPLES OF TISSUES
•Epithelial tissue: Covering or lining
tissue to protect structure beneath it
•Muscle tissue: Cause movement
•Nerve tissue: Carry messages from
one part of body to another
•Epidermal tissue: Protects plant
against injury and losing too much
water
•Vascular tissue: Transports materials
within a plant
FROM TISSUES TO ORGANS
Group of specialized tissues that are
gathered in a certain part of the body to
perform a particular function together
ORGAN EXAMPLES
HUMAN
Skin: protect our innards
Lungs: bring oxygen into
our body
Heart: pumps blood so it
can flow through our
body
Brain: receives and sends
messages
ORGAN EXAMPLES
PLANT
Leaves: catch sunlight
and perform
photosynthesis
Stem: transport nutrients
and water
Roots: absorb water
and nutrients for the
plant
Flowers: reproductive
organs of some plants
FROM ORGANS TO SYSTEMS
Different organs working together to
perform a major function in an organism
MAIN ORGAN SYSTEMS IN A HUMAN
•Nervous System: organizes body response to stimuli
•Digestive System: breaks down food into smaller molecules
for use by cells for energy
•Circulatory System: carries oxygen and food to cells, and
removes waste
•Respiratory System: provides oxygen to the cells and
removes carbon dioxide from the body
•Endocrine System: HORMONES, controls growth,
development, metabolism and reproduction
•Skeletal System: supports body, makes red blood cells
•Muscular System: works with skeletal system to cause
movement
ORGAN SYSTEMS IN A PLANT
•Root System: absorbs nutrients and water from
the soil to be delivered to the plant
•Flower System: preforms reproductive functions
FROM SYSTEMS TO ORGANISMS
Made up of different systems working
effectively in a coordinated manner
The Human Body
- An organism
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
SYSTEMS
ORGANISM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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PSdDEpDrQCl92-1FT3EaSE