Lesson 1 | The Skeletal System
Student Labs and Activities
Page
Appropriate For:
Launch Lab
8
all students
Content Vocabulary ELL
9
all students
Lesson Outline ELL
10
all students
MiniLab
12
all students
Content Practice A
13
AL
AL
AL
Content Practice B
14
AL
OL
BL
School to Home
15
Key Concept Builders
16
Enrichment
20
Challenge
21
AL
AL
BL
Lesson Quiz A
22
AL
AL
AL
Lesson Quiz B
23
AL
OL
BL
all students
AL
AL
AL
all students
Assessment
Teacher Support
Answers (with Lesson Outlines)
AL Approaching Level
T2
OL On Level
BL Beyond Level
ELL English-Language Learner
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Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any ELL student’s proficiency level.
Structure and Movement
7
Name
Date
Launch Lab
Class
LESSON 1: 10 minutes
How are bones used for support?
If you have ever watched the construction of a building, you might have seen a wood or
steel structure being used to provide support. In a similar way, bones support your body and
the organs inside it.
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Using pieces of clay, try to build a
tower taller than your partner’s. One
person should use a wooden dowel
to support his or her tower.
3. Measure and record the height of both
towers. Find the class average for the
height of towers with and without
dowels.
Data and Observations
1. Were towers with or without dowels generally higher?
2.
8
Key Concept What do you think your body would be like if you had no bones?
Structure and Movement
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Think About This
Name
Date
Class
Content Vocabulary
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle. NOTE: There is no empty square in
the puzzle between the words of two-word terms.
arthritis
cartilage
homeostasis
joint
osteoporosis
periosteum
skeletal system
tissue
1
2
ligament
3
4
5
6
7
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
8
9
Clues
Across
6. the maintenance of stable internal
conditions
Down
1. a tissue that connects one bone
to another
7. where two or more bones meet
2. a membrane that surrounds bone
8. a group of cells that serve a specific
3. strong tissue that covers the ends
function
9. includes the bones as well as other
structures
of bones
4. a disease in which joints become
inflamed
5. a disease in which bones weaken
Structure and Movement
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Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
A. Functions of the Skeletal System
1. The
contains bones as well as other structures that
connect and protect your bones and that support other functions in the body.
2. Bones provide
for movements such as sitting up and
standing.
3. Bones can move because they are attached to
4. Bones
.
the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, and other
internal organs.
5. Another function of bones is to produce and
materials
that your body needs.
B. Structure of Bones
1. The hard, outer portion of bones is made of
bone
tissue.
2.
bone tissue has small holes that make the bone less
dense than compact bone.
3. The inside of most bones contains a soft tissue called
.
is a strong, flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones.
5.
is a membrane that surrounds bones. It
bones.
6. A baby’s
is made mostly of cartilage. As this grows, the
cartilage is gradually replaced by
.
C. Joints
1. A(n)
is where two or more bones meet.
2. Bones are connected to other bones by
3.
.
joints connect bones that do not move.
4. The body’s
joints allow for a wide range of motion.
D. Bone Injuries and Diseases
1. A broken bone is called a(n)
2.
10
.
is a disease in which joints become irritated or
inflamed, such as when cartilage in joints is damaged or wears away.
Structure and Movement
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4.
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
3. A common bone disease is
, which causes bones to
weaken and become brittle.
E. Healthy Bones
1. One of the best ways to keep bones healthy is to
2. A balanced
.
keeps bones healthy.
and vitamin D are especially important for strong
bones.
F. The Skeletal System and Homeostasis
1.
is an organism’s ability to maintain a stable internal
environment.
2. Because bones supply
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
to your nerves, muscles, and
heart, a healthy skeletal system is important in maintaining your body’s
homeostasis.
Structure and Movement
11
Name
Date
MiniLab
Class
LESSON 1: 15 minutes
How does the skeleton protect organs?
The hard bones of your skeleton protect the soft tissue and organs of your body.
Procedure
1. Read and complete a lab safety form.
2. Place one piece of bubble wrap in
a plastic bag and another piece of
bubble wrap in a plastic jar.
3. Firmly squeeze the plastic bag for
five seconds, popping as many bubbles
as you can. Remove the bubble wrap
and count how many bubbles are
popped. Record the data in the Data
and Observations section below.
4. Repeat step 3 with the bubble wrap in
the plastic jar.
Data and Observations
1. Analyze your data to determine which structure provided more protection for the
bubble wrap. Explain your answer.
2. Infer which part of your skeletal system the plastic jar models in this experiment.
3.
12
Key Concept How does the skeleton provide protection for internal organs?
Structure and Movement
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Analyze and Conclude
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each
term is used only once.
arthritis
bones
calcium
cartilage
compact
growth plates
hinge
joints
ligaments
movement
organs
osteoporosis
periosteum
pivot
red
spongy
support
vitamin D
yellow
The Skeletal System
The more than two hundred (1.)
us (2.)
of the skeletal system give
and (3.)
internal (4.)
(5.)
and protect our
. There are two kinds of bone tissue—
and (6.)
. There are
also two kinds of bone marrow— (7.)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
(8.)
called (9.)
and
. The ends of bones are protected by a flexible tissue
. Other parts of bones are covered with a
membrane called (10.)
.
In children and teens, new bone is formed in regions known as
(11.)
. The places where bones meet are called
(12.)
. Three movable types of these are ball-and-socket,
(13.)
, and (14.)
. Bones are joined
together with stretchy tissues called (15.)
bones include (16.)
. Diseases of the
and (17.)
Bones require a diet that is rich in (18.)
(19.)
Structure and Movement
.
and
to stay healthy.
13
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
1. What are the four main functions of the skeletal system?
2. What are the two kinds of bone tissue, and where are they located?
3. What are the two types of bone marrow, and what is a function of each type?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. What is cartilage, and what does it do?
5. What is periosteum, and what does it do?
6. What are three kinds of movable joints?
7. What are the two important bone diseases mentioned in the lesson?
14
Structure and Movement
Name
Date
Class
School to Home
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question or respond to each statement.
1. The skeletal system contains more than 200 bones as well as other
structures connected to your bones.
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
2. A bone is an organ that contains many types of tissue.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
How are the five different types of bone tissue related?
3. Bones work together with the help of joints.
Give an example for each type of joint—immovable joint, ball-and-socket joint, hinge
joint, and pivot joint.
4. Bones are living tissue, so they can be damaged or develop diseases.
Describe one example of a bone disease or injury and tell how it can impact a person.
Structure and Movement
15
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Key Concept What does the skeletal system do?
Directions: Complete this concept map by choosing terms from the word bank and writing them in the correct
spaces.
bones
connect
movement
protect
skeletal system
structures
support
The
1.
contains
other
more than 200
2.
5.
that give us
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.
that
6.
and
4.
and
7.
the bones
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
8. What kind of cells are produced in the bones?
9. Which two substances are stored in bones?
16
Structure and Movement
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Key Concept What does the skeletal system do?
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly.
1. marrow that produces red blood cells
A. spongy bone tissue
2. low-density tissue at the end of long bones
B. growth plate
3. flexible tissue on the ends of bones
C. red bone marrow
4. nourishing membrane that surrounds bones
D. cartilage
E. yellow bone marrow
5. the hard outer part of bones
F. periosteum
6. region in children and teens where new bone
is produced
G. compact bone tissue
7. marrow that stores fat
Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
8. A bone is a(n)
that contains living tissue.
9. A baby’s skeleton is made mostly of
10. Periosteum contains cells that produce new
Structure and Movement
.
.
17
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Class
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Key Concept How do the parts of the skeletal system work together?
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
1. What are joints?
2. Which tissues connect bones?
3. What type of joint is not involved in motions?
4. As mentioned in the lesson, where are several of these joints located?
they do, and where are they located?
18
Structure and Movement
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. Which kind of joint gives us motion? What are the three kinds of such joints, what do
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Key Concept How does the skeletal system interact with other body systems?
The skeletal system is an integral part of the body. When bones deteriorate or become
diseased, a person’s overall well-being is affected.
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each
term is used only once.
arthritis
calcium
exercise
fracture
joints
mass
osteoporosis
vitamin D
1. Bones affected by
homeostasis
become brittle and weak.
2. A break in a bone is called a(n)
.
3. Without
, bones weaken and lose
.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. People with
have
that are
irritated or inflamed.
5. Healthy bones help maintain the body’s
.
6. Bones need a diet that is rich in
and
.
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
7. What is homeostasis?
8. Which function of vitamin D is mentioned in the lesson?
9. What structures move bones?
Structure and Movement
19
Name
Date
Class
Enrichment
LESSON 1
Bone Loss in Space
NASA has long known that space travel
takes a toll on the human body. For
example, the small force of gravity in space
negatively affects the circulatory system.
On Earth, gravity helps blood flow from
the upper body to the lower body. So the
heart pumps blood more forcefully to the
upper body and relies on gravity to balance
the flow to the lower body. In space,
however, this balancing force of gravity is
absent. The heart continues to pump blood
more forcefully to the upper body, but
blood flow to the lower body is uneven. As
a result, astronauts in space tend to develop
puffy faces and thin lower bodies.
Bone Loss
Other Health Problems
Bone loss and decreased circulation are
not the only health problems facing
astronauts in space. The shape of the spine
also changes. Without gravity to force the
vertebrae together, the spine stretches out—
sometimes painfully.
In addition, the body’s balancing system
is affected by space travel. On Earth, the
brain analyzes information from the eyes,
muscles, tendons, and sensors in the inner
ear. In space, this information is gathered
by the eyes alone. Astronauts have a
difficult time moving around in space.
Limits to Space Exploration
NASA has sent crewless spacecraft to the
far reaches of the solar system and beyond.
On these long missions, NASA relies on
robots and other technology to gather data.
These technologies are limited in that they
cannot react to and assess new situations as
quickly as humans can. But until health
issues in space are addressed, NASA cannot
send astronauts on long-term missions.
According to a program scientist for the
International Space Station, “The success of
human exploration missions depends on
finding countermeasures to overcome
[negative health] effects on crew members.”
Applying Critical-Thinking Skills
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement.
1. Summarize the causes and effects of health problems in space.
2. Assess Do you think the study of health problems in space is a priority for NASA? Use
facts from the article to support your answer.
20
Structure and Movement
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The most serious health problem for
astronauts is bone loss. In space, bones
lose important minerals such as calcium,
potassium, and sodium. According to a
recent NASA study, astronauts aboard the
International Space Station lost an average
of 11 percent of the bone mass in their
hips. Their rates of bone loss were nearly
12 times as high as those of an elderly
woman on Earth.
Within a year, much of the astronauts’
bone mass had returned. However, they
still had not regained full hip strength, and
bone density had only slightly increased.
The astronauts aboard the space station
exercise about two hours each day to
counter the problem. Exercise appears to
slow bone loss, but it does not solve the
problem completely.
Name
Challenge
Date
Class
LESSON 1
The Skeletal System
Suppose you are a pediatrician, a doctor who works with children. One of your young
patients exhibits the following symptoms:
• tenderness in the spine
• bowlegs
• recent bone fracture in the arm
• holes in teeth enamel
• muscle cramps
What is your diagnosis?
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Use reference materials to identify the patient’s illness. List the tests you would perform
to confirm your diagnosis. In addition, explain the cause of the illness and its potential
long-term effects. Recommend a treatment. Conclude with a summary of the patient’s
chances for recovery.
Structure and Movement
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