Lakewood City Schools Science Course of Study – Tenth Grade NAME OF COURSE: BIOLOGY UNIT: EVOLUTION Key: Science and Technology Standard (ST) Scientific Inquiry Standard (SI) Scientific Ways of Knowing Standard (SW) Life Sciences Standard (LS) Earth Science Standard (ES) Physical Sciences Standard (PS) 9­10 Benchmarks By the end of the 9­10 program, the student will: V Explain how evolutionary relationships contribute to an understanding of the unity and diversity of life. (LS­E) V Explain the structure and function of ecosystems and relate how ecosystems change over time. (LS­F) V Describe how human activities can impact the status of natural systems. (LS­G) Science Draft Grade Level Indicators Teaching Resources By the end of Tenth Grade, the student will: Understanding Technology V Cite examples of ways that scientific inquiry is driven by the desire to understand the natural world and how technology is driven by the need to meet human needs and solve human problems. (ST­10­1) V Describe examples of scientific advances and emerging technologies and how they may impact society. (ST­10­2) Doing Scientific Inquiry V Research and apply appropriate safety precautions when designing and conducting scientific investigations (e.g., OSHA, MSDS, eyewash, goggles, ventilation). (SI­10­1) V Present scientific findings using clear language, accurate data, appropriate graphs, tables, maps and available technology. (SI­10­ 2) V Use mathematical models to predict and analyze natural phenomena. (SI­10­3) V Draw conclusions from inquiries based on scientific knowledge and principles, the use of logic and evidence (data) from investigations.
03/20/06 10­1 (SI­10­4) V Explain how new scientific data can cause any existing scientific explanation to be supported, revised or rejected. (SI­10­5) V Describe a foundation of Nature of Science biological evolution as the V Describe that scientists may disagree about explanations of change in gene frequency phenomena, about interpretation of data or about the value of rival of a population over time. theories, but they do agree that questioning, response to criticism Explain the historical and and open communication are integral to the process of science. current scientific (SW­10­2) developments, mechanisms V Recognize that science is a systematic method of continuing and processes of biological investigation, based on observation, hypothesis testing, evolution. (LS­H) measurement, experimentation, and theory building, which leads to more adequate explanations of natural phenomena. (SW­10­3) V Explain how natural selection and other Science and Society evolutionary mechanisms V Investigate how the knowledge, skills and interests learned in science account for the unity and classes apply to the careers students plan to pursue. (SW­10­7) diversity of past and present life forms. (LS­I) Heredity V Describe that spontaneous changes in DNA are mutations, which are a source of genetic variation. When mutations occur in sex cells, V Summarize the historical they may be passed on to future generations; mutations that occur in development of scientific body cells may affect the functioning of that cell or the organism in theories and ideas, and which that cell is found. (LS­10­7) describe emerging issues in the study of life sciences. Diversity and Interdependence of Life (LS­J) V Explain that the variation of organisms within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of a species will survive under gradually changing environmental conditions. (LS­10­13) V Relate diversity and adaptation to structures and their functions in living organisms (e.g., adaptive radiation). (LS­10­14) Evolutionary Theory V Recognize that a change in gene frequency (genetic composition) in a
Science Draft 03/20/06 10­2 population over time is a foundation of biological evolution. (LS­10­ 20) V Explain that natural selection provides the following mechanism for evolution; undirected variation in inherited characteristics exist within every species. These characteristics may give individuals an advantage or disadvantage compared to others in surviving and reproducing. The advantaged offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce. Therefore, the proportion of individuals that have advantageous characteristics will increase. When an environment changes, the survival value of some inherited characteristics may change. (LS­10­21) V Describe historical scientific developments that occurred in evolutionary thought (e.g., Lamarck and Darwin, Mendelian Genetics and modern synthesis). (LS­10­22) V Analyze how natural selection and other evolutionary mechanisms (e.g., genetic drift, immigration, emigration, mutation) and their consequences provide a scientific explanation for the diversity and unity of past life forms, as depicted in the fossil record, and present life forms. (LS­10­24) V Explain that life on Earth is thought to have begun as simple, one celled organisms approximately 4 billion years ago. During most of the history of Earth only single celled microorganisms existed, but once cells with nuclei developed about a billion years ago, increasingly complex multicellular organisms evolved. (LS­10­25) Historical Perspectives and Scientific Revolutions V Use historical examples to explain how new ideas are limited by the context in which they are conceived. These ideas are often rejected by the scientific establishment; sometimes spring from unexpected findings; and usually grow slowly through contributions from many different investigators (e.g., biological evolution, germ theory, biotechnology, discovering germs). (LS­10­26) V Describe advances in life sciences that have important long­lasting effects on science and society (e.g., biological evolution, germ theory, biotechnology, discovering germs). (LS­10­27)
Science Draft 03/20/06 10­3 Sub Objectives to Meet Indicators: ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Science Draft Relate Darwin’s observations to his explanation of evolution. Explain how fitness is related to adaptation. Lab Activities
Discuss how scientists determined that the earth was much · Teddy Graham Bear more than a few thousand years old. Frequencies
Distinguish between relative and absolute dating. · Establishing Hardy­ Explain how radioactive elements in the Earth’s rocks act as a Weinberg Equilibrium
natural clock. · Evolution and Gene Explain how fossils provide evidence for evolution. Frequencies: A Game of Distinguish among homologous, analogous, and vestigial Survival and Reproduction
structures. · Fishy Frequencies
Explain how similarities in anatomy and embryological · Natural Selection: A development are evidence for evolution by common descent. Cumulative Process
Describe how similarities in biochemistry show an evolutionary · The Chips Are Down: A relationship between different species. Natural Selection Define the term biogenesis. Simulation
Describe the conditions thought to have existed on the primitive · Origami Birds
earth according to the heterotroph hypothesis. · A Step In Speciation
Describe any experiments that would appear to support the · Evolution: A Historical heterotroph hypothesis. Perspective
Outline Lamarck’s theory of evolution and Weisman’s · Evolution: How Change experiment that showed that acquired characteristics are not Occurs – A Human passed on from generation to generation. Adaptation
Explain the principle of natural selection. · Isotopes of Pennies
List the six main points of Darwin’s theory of evolution. · The Case Of the Melting Distinguish between gradualism and the theory of punctuated Ice: Frosty the Snowman equilibrium. Meets His Demise
Define population genetics and define evolution in terms of · Date A Rock! allele frequencies. List the causes of variation in a species according to modern genetic theory. Worksheets
State the Hardy­Weinberg law and list the conditions under · Evidence of Evolution :
which this law holds true. 03/20/06 10­4 ­ ­ ­ Explain the term adaptation and name some different kinds of adaptations. Define the terms camouflage, warning coloration, and mimicry. Distinguish among directional selection, stabilizing selection, and disruptive selection. Video
Homologous Structures
· Evidence of Evolution: Biochemical Analysis · Scientific American Frontiers: Voyage To the Galapagos Web Sites
· ENSI http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiwe b/home.html/
· Access Excellence – Woodrow Wilson Collection www.accessexcellence.org/AE? AEPC/WWC/1995/
· Action Bio Science www.actionbioscience.org/evolu tion/index.html
· Science Net Links www.sciencenetlinks.org
· Biology Web Site References For Students and Teachers http://www.hoflink.com/~house/ evolution.html
· PBS www.pbs.org/safarchive/galapa gos.html
· Teaching About Evolution And the Nature Of Science
Science Draft 03/20/06 10­5 – National Academy Of Sciences http://search.nap.edu/readingro om/books/evolution98/ Glencoe Teacher Resources
· Transparencies (Section Focus, Basic Concepts and Re­teaching Binders)
· Reinforcement and Study Guides
· Content Mastery
· Chapter Assessment (Thinking Critically and Applying Scientific Methods) Glencoe Textbook
· Mini Lab 14­2 Organizing Data: A Time Line
· Problem Solving Lab 14­2 Interpreting Data: Can a Clock Model Earth’s History?
· Bio Lab Determining a Fossil’s Age
· Problem Solving Lab 15­1 Interpreting Data: How Can Natural Selection Be Observed?
· Bio Lab Natural Selection and Allelic Frequency
Science Draft 03/20/06 10­6 Glencoe Interactive CD­ROM Biology Department Video Tapes
· #41 The Theory of Evolution
Science Draft 03/20/06 10­7 Science Draft 03/20/06 10­8
Science Draft 03/20/06 10­9