Dale McIntosh
CIS300 Exam 3 - Thatcher
Spring 2009
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
CIS300 Test 3 Details
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
150 points, 75 minutes
Paper Test, no Blackboard
Closed book, closed notes, closed Excel 
CAN have a calculator
Arrive early because he’ll start the test early!
Answer the easy questions first
Answer all questions! The Professor gives partial
credit on short answer!
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
CIS300 Test 3 Breakdown
CIS Concepts, Databases and Data Management (~40%)
Questions 1-15
Multiple Choice or True/False
Questions 16-17:
Short Essay
MS Excel (~60%)
Questions ??-??:
Multiple Choice or True/False
Questions ??-??:
Fill-in-the-Blank (with multiple parts)
Extra credit (9 points)
Questions ??-??:
Any mix of formats
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft Excel
•Mathematical Functions
• Statistical Functions
• Information Functions
• Lookup Functions
• Date Functions
• Time Functions
• Text Functions
• Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft Excel
Mathematical Functions
SUMIF
=SUMIF(range,criteria,[sum_range])
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
Arguments:
•range Required
The range of cells that you want evaluated by criteria.
oCells in each range must be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain
numbers.
oBlank and text values are ignored.
criteria Required
The criteria in the form of a number, expression, a cell reference, text, or a function that
defines which cells will be added.
oCriteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B5, "32", "apples", or TODAY().
•sum_range Optional
The actual cells to add, if you want to add cells other than those specified in the range
argument.
oExcel adds the cells that are specified in the range argument (the same cells to which
the criteria is applied).
Microsoft® Excel® Mathematical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
•Sums the values in a range that meet criteria that you specify.
Remarks:
•See the Microsoft® Excel® help for additional remarks.
Errors:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Mathematical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Microsoft® Excel® Mathematical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft Excel
Statistical Functions
AVERAGEIF
=AVERAGEIF(range,criteria,[average_range])
COUNTIF
=COUNTIF(range, criteria)
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])
Arguments:
•range Required
One or more cells to average, including numbers or names, arrays, or
references that contain numbers.
•criteria Required
The criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text
that defines which cells are averaged.
•average_range Optional
The actual set of cells to average.
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
•Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet
a given criteria.
Remarks:
•If average_range is omitted, range is used.
•Cells in range that contain TRUE or FALSE are ignored.
•If a cell in average_range is an empty cell, AVERAGEIF ignores it.
•If a cell in criteria is empty, AVERAGEIF treats it as a 0 value.
Errors:
#DIV/0 – If range is a blank or text value.
#DIV/0 – If no cells in the range meet the criteria.
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=AVERAGEIF(B2:B5,"<23000")
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=AVERAGEIF(B2:B5,"<23000")
=14000
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,"<95000")
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,"<95000")
=#DIV/0
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,">250000",B2:B5)
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=AVERAGEIF(A2:A5,">250000",B2:B5)
=24500
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=COUNTIF(range, criteria)
Arguments:
•range Required
One or more cells to count, including numbers or names, arrays, or
references that contain numbers.
oBlank and text values are ignored.
criteria Required
A number, expression, cell reference, or text string that defines which
cells will be counted.
oCriteria can be expressed as 32, ">32", B4, "apples", or "32".
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
•Counts the number of cells within a range that meet a single criterion that
you specify.
Remarks:
•See the Microsoft® Excel® help for additional remarks.
•Criteria are case insensitive
Errors:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Microsoft® Excel® Statistical Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft Excel
Information Functions
ISERR
=ISERR(value)
ISERROR
=ISERROR(value)
ISNA
=ISNA(value)
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=ISERR(value)
Arguments:
•value Required
The value that you want tested
Microsoft® Excel® Information Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
•Returns TRUE if value refers to any error value except #N/A.
Remarks:
•The value arguments of the IS functions are not converted
• Any numeric values that are enclosed in double quotation marks are
treated as text.
• The IS functions are useful in formulas for testing the outcome of a
calculation
Errors:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Information Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=ISERROR(value)
Arguments:
•value Required
The value that you want tested
Microsoft® Excel® Information Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
•Returns TRUE if value refers to any error value:
•#N/A
#VALUE!
#REF!
•#NUM!
#NAME?
#NULL!
#DIV/0!
Remarks:
•The value arguments of the IS functions are not converted
• Any numeric values that are enclosed in double quotation marks are
treated as text.
• The IS functions are useful in formulas for testing the outcome of a
calculation
Errors:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Information Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=ISNA(value)
Arguments:
•value Required
The value that you want tested
Microsoft® Excel® Information Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
•Returns TRUE if value refers to the #N/A (value not available) error value.
Remarks:
•The value arguments of the IS functions are not converted
• Any numeric values that are enclosed in double quotation marks are
treated as text.
• The IS functions are useful in formulas for testing the outcome of a
calculation
Errors:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Information Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Microsoft® Excel® Information Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Microsoft® Excel® Information Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft Excel Lookup Functions
VLOOKUP
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,[range_lookup])
Arguments:
•lookup_value Required
The value to search in the first column of the table or range.
•table_array Required
The range of cells that contains the data.
•col_index_num Required
The column number in the table_array argument from which the matching
value must be returned.
•range_lookup Optional
A logical value that specifies whether you want VLOOKUP to find an
exact match or an approximate match.
Microsoft® Excel® Lookup Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
•Searches the first column of a range of cells, and then returns a value
from any cell on the same row of the range.
Remarks:
• The values in the first column of table_array can be text, numbers, or logical
values.
•Uppercase and lowercase text are equivalent.
• If range_lookup is TRUE, the values in the first column of table_array must be
placed in ascending order.
• If range_lookup is TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned.
• If range_lookup is FALSE, an exact match will be attempted.
Microsoft® Excel® Lookup Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Errors:
#VALUE! – If col_index_num is less than 1
#REF! – If col_index_num is greater than the number of columns in the
table_array
#N/A – If range_lookup is FALSE and an exact match cannot be found
#N/A – If lookup_value is less than the smallest value in the first column of
table_array
Microsoft® Excel® Lookup Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Using VLOOKUP with IS Functions
• Use IS functions with VLOOKUP functions to avoid
seeing errors when your lookup values are not found or
when the result are empty cells.
• Example:
=IF(ISNA(VLOOKUP(C2,Customers,2,FALSE)),"",(VLOOK
UP(C2,Customers,2,FALSE)))
The function above will only return the result of the
VLOOKUP when VLOOKUP does not give a #N/A error.
If the VLOOKUP function does return a #N/A error, the If
statement will return nothing.
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft Excel Date Functions
TODAY
=TODAY()
NOW
=NOW()
YEARFRAC
=YEARFRAC(start_date,end_date,[basis])
DATEDIF
=DATEDIF(startdate,enddate,interval)
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=TODAY()
Arguments:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Returns the serial number of the current date.
Remarks:
• If the cell format was General before the function was entered, Excel
changes the cell format to Date.
• If you want to view the serial number, you must change the cell format to
General or Number.
• The TODAY function is useful when you need to have the current date
displayed on a worksheet, regardless of when you open the workbook.
• The TODAY function is dependent on your computer’s system clock being
correct.
Errors:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=TODAY()
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=TODAY()
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=NOW()
Arguments:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Returns the serial number of the current date and time.
Remarks:
• If the cell format was General before the function was entered, Excel changes the
cell format to the same date and time format that is specified in the regional date
and time settings in Control Panel.
• The NOW function is useful when you need to display the current date and time on
a worksheet or calculate a value based on the current date and time, and have that
value updated each time you open the worksheet.
• Numbers to the right of the decimal point in the serial number represent the time;
numbers to the left represent the date.
• The results of the NOW function change only when the worksheet is calculated or
when a macro that contains the function is run. It is not updated continuously.
Errors:
None
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=NOW()
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=NOW()
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=YEARFRAC(start_date,end_date,[basis])
Arguments:
•start_date Required
A date that represents the start date.
•end_date Required
A date that represents the end date.
•basis Optional
The type of day count basis to use.
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Calculates the fraction of the year represented by the number of whole
days between two dates (the start_date and the end_date).
Remarks:
• Use the YEARFRAC worksheet function to identify the proportion of a
whole year's benefits or obligations to assign to a specific term.
• Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of
other formulas or functions.
• All arguments are truncated to integers.
Errors:
#VALUE – If start_date or end_date are not valid dates
#NUM! – If basis < 0
#NUM! – If basis > 4
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
What is the fraction of the year between the two dates?
=YEARFRAC(A2,A3,A4)
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
What is the fraction of the year between the two dates?
=YEARFRAC(A2,A3,A4)
=0.583333333
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=DATEDIF(startdate,enddate,interval)
Arguments:
•startdate Required
A date that represents the start date.
•enddate Required
A date that represents the end date.
•interval Required
The type of day count basis to use.
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=DATEDIF(startdate,enddate,interval)
Arguments:
•interval Required
The type of day count basis to use.
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Computes the difference between two dates in a variety of different
intervals.
Remarks:
• If you have the interval in another cell referenced by the formula, that cell
should not have quotes around the interval string.
• When calculating date intervals, DATEDIF uses the year of startdate, not
enddate when calculating the yd, ym and md intervals
Errors:
#VALUE – If start_date or end_date are not valid dates
#NUM! – If start date is not less than or equal to the end date
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
What is the difference in days between the two dates?
=DATEDIF(A2,A3,‖d‖)
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
What is the difference in days between the two dates?
=DATEDIF(A2,A3,‖d‖)
=210
Microsoft® Excel® Date Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft Excel Text Functions
FIND
=FIND(find_text,within_text,[start_num])
LEFT
=LEFT(text,[num_chars])
LEN
=LEN(text)
RIGHT
=RIGHT(text,[num_chars])
CONCATENATE (including &)
=CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)
UPPER
=UPPER(text)
LOWER
=LOWER(text)
PROPER
=PROPER(text)
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=FIND(find_text,within_text,[start_num])
Arguments:
•find_text Required
The text you want to find.
•within_text Required
The text string containing the text you want to find.
•start_num Optional
Specifies the character at which to start the search.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Locates one text string within a second text string, and returns the
number of the starting position of the first text string from the first
character of the second text string
Remarks:
• FIND always counts each character.
• The first character in within_text is character number 1.
• If you omit start_num, it is assumed to be 1.
• FIND is case sensitive.
• If find_text is "" (empty text), FIND matches the first character in the
search string (that is, the character numbered start_num or 1).
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Errors:
#VALUE! – If find_text does not appear in within_text
#VALUE! – If start_num is not greater than zero
#VALUE! – If start_num is greater than the length of within_text
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
11 Miriam McGovern
=FIND(―M‖,A11)
=1
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
11 Miriam McGovern
=FIND(―M‖,A11,3)
=8
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
11 Miriam McGovern
=FIND(―m‖,A11)
=6
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=LEFT(text,[num_chars])
Arguments:
•text Required
The text string that contains the characters you want to extract.
•num_chars Optional
Specifies the number of characters you want LEFT to extract.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Returns the first character or characters in a text string, based on the
number of characters you specify
Remarks:
• LEFT always counts each character.
• Num_chars must be => 0.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
1
Data
2 Sale Price
=LEFT(A2,4)
=Sale
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
1
Data
2 Sale Price
3 Sweden
=LEFT(A3)
=S
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=LEN(text)
Arguments:
•text Required
The text whose length you want to find.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Returns the number of characters in a text string.
Remarks:
• Spaces count as characters.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
1
Data
2
Phoenix, AZ
3
4
5
6
One
=LEN(A2)
=11
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
1
Data
2
Phoenix, AZ
3
4
5
6
One
=LEN(A4)
=0
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
1
Data
2
Phoenix, AZ
3
4
5
6
One
=LEN(A6)
=8
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=RIGHT(text,[num_chars])
Arguments:
•text Required
The text string that contains the characters you want to extract.
•num_chars Optional
Specifies the number of characters you want RIGHT to extract.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Returns the last character or characters in a text string, based on the
number of characters you specify.
Remarks:
• RIGHT always counts each character.
• Num_chars must be => 0.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
1
Data
2 Sale Price
3
4 Stock Number
=RIGHT(A2,5)
=Price
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
1
Data
2 Sale Price
3
4 Stock Number
=RIGHT(A2,LEN(A2)-FIND(― ―,A2))
=RIGHT(A2,10-5)
=RIGHT(A2,5)
=Price
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
1
Data
2 Sale Price
3
4 Stock Number
=RIGHT(A4)
=r
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...)
Arguments:
•text1 Required
The first text item to be concatenated.
•text2 Optional
Additional text items, up to a maximum of 255 items, which must be
separated by commas.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Joins up to 255 text strings into one text string.
Remarks:
• The joined items can be text, numbers, cell references, or a combination
of those items.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
B
C
Data
Data
Data
2 Brook trout
Andreas
Hauser
3 species
Fourth
Pine
1
4 32
=CONCATENATE(―Stream Population for ―,A2,‖ ―,A3, ― is ―,A4,‖/mile‖)
=Stream Population for Brook trout species is 32/mile
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
B
C
Data
Data
Data
2 Brook trout
Andreas
Hauser
3 species
Fourth
Pine
1
4 32
=CONCATENATE(B2, ― ―, C2)
=Andreas Hauser
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
B
C
Data
Data
Data
2 Brook trout
Andreas
Hauser
3 species
Fourth
Pine
1
4 32
=CONCATENATE(C2, ―, ― , B2)
=Hauser, Andreas
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
B
C
Data
Data
Data
2 Brook trout
Andreas
Hauser
3 species
Fourth
Pine
1
4 32
=CONCATENATE(B3, ― & ― , C3)
=Fourth & Pine
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
A
B
C
Data
Data
Data
2 Brook trout
Andreas
Hauser
3 species
Fourth
Pine
1
4 32
=B3& ― & ― &C3
=Fourth & Pine
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=UPPER(text)
Arguments:
•text Required
The text you want converted to uppercase.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Converts text to uppercase.
Remarks:
• Text can be a reference or text string.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=UPPER(A2)
=TOTAL
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=UPPER(A3)
=YIELD
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=LOWER(text)
Arguments:
•text Required
The text you want converted to lowercase.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Converts all uppercase letters in a text string to lowercase.
Remarks:
• LOWER does not change characters in text that are not letters.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=LOWER(A2)
=e.e. cummings
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=LOWER(A3)
=apt. 2b
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=PROPER(text)
Arguments:
•text Required
Text enclosed in quotation marks, a formula that returns text, or a
reference to a cell containing the text you want to partially capitalize.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
• Capitalizes the first letter in a text string and any other letters in text that
follow any character other than a letter.
Remarks:
• PROPER converts all other letters to lowercase letters.
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=PROPER(A2)
=This Is A Title
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=PROPER(A3)
=2-Cent’S Worth
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
=PROPER(A4)
=76Budget
Microsoft® Excel® Text Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Microsoft Excel Database Functions
DAVERAGE
=DAVERAGE(database,field,criteria)
DCOUNT
=DCOUNT(database,field,criteria)
DMAX
=DMAX(database,field,criteria)
DMIN
=DMIN(database,field,criteria)
DSUM
=DSUM(database,field,criteria)
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Syntax:
=DAVERAGE(database,field,criteria)
Arguments:
•database Required
The range of cells that makes up the list or database.
•field Required
Indicates which column is used in the function.
•criteria Required
The range of cells that contains the conditions you specify.
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
Description:
•Averages the values in a field (column) of records in a list or database that
match conditions you specify.
Remarks:
•You can use any range for the criteria argument, as long as it includes at
least one column label and at least one cell below the column label for
specifying the condition
•Although the criteria range can be located anywhere on the worksheet, do
not place the criteria range below the list
•Make sure the criteria range does not overlap the list
•To perform an operation on an entire column in a database, enter a blank
line below the column labels in the criteria range.
Errors:
None specified
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average yield of apple trees over 10 feet in height.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:B2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average yield of apple trees over 10 feet in height.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:B2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average yield of apple trees over 10 feet in height.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:B2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average yield of apple trees over 10 feet in height.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:B2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average yield of apple trees over 10 feet in height.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10,"Yield",A1:B2)
=12
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average age of all trees in the database.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10,3,A4:E10)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average age of all trees in the database.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10, 3,A4:E10)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average age of all trees in the database.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10, 3,A4:E10)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average age of all trees in the database.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10, 3,A4:E10)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The average age of all trees in the database.
=DAVERAGE(A4:E10, 3,A4:E10)
=13
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The maximum profit of apple and pear trees.
=DMAX(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A3)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The maximum profit of apple and pear trees.
=DMAX(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A3)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The maximum profit of apple and pear trees.
=DMAX(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A3)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The maximum profit of apple and pear trees.
=DMAX(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A3)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The maximum profit of apple and pear trees.
=DMAX(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A3)
=105
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DMIN(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:B2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DMIN(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:B2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DMIN(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:B2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DMIN(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:B2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DMIN(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:B2)
=75
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
This function looks at the records of apple trees between a height of 10 and 16
and counts how many of the Age fields in those records contain numbers.
=DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Age",A1:F2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
This function looks at the records of apple trees between a height of 10 and 16
and counts how many of the Age fields in those records contain numbers.
=DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Age",A1:F2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
This function looks at the records of apple trees between a height of 10 and 16
and counts how many of the Age fields in those records contain numbers.
=DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Age",A1:F2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
This function looks at the records of apple trees between a height of 10 and 16
and counts how many of the Age fields in those records contain numbers.
=DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Age",A1:F2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
This function looks at the records of apple trees between a height of 10 and 16
and counts how many of the Age fields in those records contain numbers.
=DCOUNT(A4:E10,"Age",A1:F2)
=1
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The total profit from apple trees.
=DSUM(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DSUM(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DSUM(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DSUM(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A2)
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The
function
The minimum profit of apple trees over 10 in height.
=DSUM(A4:E10,"Profit",A1:A2)
=225
Microsoft® Excel® Database Functions
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Textbook Questions
• Study the review questions at the textbook websites for
the chapters covered in the final exam.
• http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_kroenke_experiencing_1/62/
16106/4123157.cw/index.html
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Databases and Data Warehouses
CH. 7
MIS Textbook Question
There are two overall approaches to maintaining data: the
traditional file approach—which has no mechanism for
tagging, retrieving, and manipulating data—and the ____,
which does have this mechanism.
A)
B)
C)
D)
database approach
data approach
datafile approach
indexed file approach
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
There are two overall approaches to maintaining data: the
traditional file approach—which has no mechanism for
tagging, retrieving, and manipulating data—and the ____,
which does have this mechanism.
A)
B)
C)
D)
database approach
data approach
datafile approach
indexed file approach
Ref. p 234
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Traditional File Approach
• Traditional file approach: no mechanism for tagging,
retrieving, or manipulating data
• Database approach: provides powerful mechanism for
managing and manipulating data
• Traditional approach is inconvenient:
– Program-data dependency
– High data redundancy
– Low data integrity
• Data redundancy: duplication of data
• Data integrity: accuracy of data
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
132
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Traditional File Approach
(continued)
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
133
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A database itself is a collection of several related files, but
DBMSs do all the work—structuring files, storing data, and
linking records.
A) True
B) False
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A database itself is a collection of several related files, but
DBMSs do all the work—structuring files, storing data, and
linking records.
A) True
B) False
Ref. P. 236
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The very fact that manipulation of the data requires a
programmer is probably the greatest disadvantage of the
____.
A)
B)
C)
D)
information file approach
file approach
database approach
indexed file approach
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
The very fact that manipulation of the data requires a
programmer is probably the greatest disadvantage of the
____.
A)
B)
C)
D)
information file approach
file approach
database approach
indexed file approach
Ref. p 234
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Database Approach
• Database approach: data organized as entities
• Entity: an object about which an organization chooses to
collect data, such as:
– People
– Events
– Products
• Character: smallest piece of data
– A single letter or a digit
• Field: single piece of information about entity
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
138
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Database Approach
(continued)
• Record: collection of related fields
• File: collection of related records
• Database fields can hold images, sounds, video clips,
etc.
• Field name allows easy access to the data
• Database management system (DBMS): program
used to:
– Build databases
– Populate a database with data
– Manipulate data in a database
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
139
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
140
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Database Approach
(continued)
• Database administrator (DBA): the person responsible
for managing the database
– Sets user limits for access to data in the database
• DBMS is usually bundled with a programming language
Management Information Systems, Sixth Edition
141
The Relational Model
• Relational Model: consists of tables
• Based on relational algebra
– Tuple: record (or row)
– Attribute: field (or column)
– Relation: table of records
• To design a relational database, you must understand
the entities to be stored in the database and how they
relate
• Tables are independent of each other, but can be related
to each other
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
142
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
To link records from one table with records of another table,
the tables must have at least one field in common, and that
field must be a ____ field for one of the tables.
A)
B)
C)
D)
composite key
main key
foreign key
primary key
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
To link records from one table with records of another table,
the tables must have at least one field in common, and that
field must be a ____ field for one of the tables.
A)
B)
C)
D)
composite key
main key
foreign key
primary key
Ref. p 240
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Relational Model (continued)
• Key: a field whose values identify records
– Used to retrieve records
• Primary key: a field by which records are uniquely
identified
– Each record in the table must have a unique key value
• Composite key: combination of fields that serve as a
primary key
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
145
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
146
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Data is accessed in a database by sending messages called
―protocols,‖ which request data from specific records and/or
fields and direct the computer to display the results.
A) True
B) False
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Data is accessed in a database by sending messages called
―protocols,‖ which request data from specific records and/or
fields and direct the computer to display the results.
A) True
B) False
Ref. P. 237
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Database Approach
(continued)
• Query: a message to the database requesting data from
specific records and/or fields
• Database must be properly secured
– Not everyone should have access to all data
– Users will have different views of the database, based on the
data they are allowed to see
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
149
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Relational Model (continued)
• Foreign key: a field that is common to two tables
– Used to link the tables
– This field is a primary key in one table and a foreign key in the
other
• Join table: composite of tables
• Two types of table relationships:
– One-to-many relationship: one item in a table is linked to many
items in the other table
– Many-to-many relationship: many items in a table are linked to
many items of the other table
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
150
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Object-Oriented Model
• Object-oriented database model: uses object-oriented
approach for the database structure
• Encapsulation: combined storage of data and relevant
procedures to process it
– Allows object to be ―planted‖ in different data sets
• Inheritance: the ability to create a new object by
replicating the characteristics of an existing (parent)
object
• Object-oriented databases (ODBs) store data objects,
not records
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
151
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Relational Operations
• Relational operation: creates a temporary subset of a
table or tables
• Used to create a limited list or a joined table list
• Three important relational operations:
– Select: a selection of records based on conditions
– Project: a selection of certain columns from a table
– Join: join data from multiple tables to create a temporary table
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
152
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Structured Query Language
• Structured Query Language (SQL): query
language of choice for DBMSs
• Advantages of SQL:
– It is an international standard
– It is provided with most relational DBMSs
– It has easy-to-remember, intuitive commands
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
153
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A ____ is the general logical structure in which records are
stored within a database and the method used to establish
relationships among the records.
A)
B)
C)
D)
database relationship
database model
database list
database catalog
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A ____ is the general logical structure in which records are
stored within a database and the method used to establish
relationships among the records.
A)
B)
C)
D)
database relationship
database model
database list
database catalog
Ref. p 238
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A schema describes the structure of the database being
designed: the names and types of fields in each record type
and the general relationships among different sets of
records or files.
A) True
B) False
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
A schema describes the structure of the database being
designed: the names and types of fields in each record type
and the general relationships among different sets of
records or files.
A) True
B) False
Ref. p 244
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
The Schema and Metadata
• Schema: a plan that describes the structure of the
database, including:
– Names and sizes of fields
– Identification of primary keys
– Relationships
• Data dictionary: a repository of information about the
data and its organization
– Also called metadata: the data about the data
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
158
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
While a transactional database contains current data, which is
disposed of after some time, the data in ____ is
accumulated and might reflect many years of business
activities.
A)
B)
C)
D)
data warehouses
data carts
information bases
information repositories
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
While a transactional database contains current data, which is
disposed of after some time, the data in ____ is
accumulated and might reflect many years of business
activities.
A)
B)
C)
D)
data warehouses
data carts
information bases
information repositories
Ref. p 248
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Data Warehousing
• Most data collections are used for transactions
• Accumulation of transaction data is useful
• Data warehouse: a large repository database that
supports management decision making
– Typically relational
– Data is collected from transactional databases
• Data mart: a smaller collection of data focusing on a
particular subject or department
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
161
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Because of capacity needs, organizations often choose ____
to store and manage data warehouses.
A)
B)
C)
D)
midrange servers
high speed networks
mainframe computers with multiple CPUs
workstations
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
Because of capacity needs, organizations often choose ____
to store and manage data warehouses.
A)
B)
C)
D)
midrange servers
high speed networks
mainframe computers with multiple CPUs
workstations
Ref. p 250
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
From Database to Data Warehouse
• Transactional databases are not suitable for business
analysis
– Contain only current, not historical data
• Data warehouse requires large storage capacity:
– Mainframe computers are often used
– Scalability is an issue
– Data warehouses grow continually
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
164
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
There are two phases involved in building a data warehouse
from transactional data: extraction and transforming.
A) True
B) False
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
MIS Textbook Question
There are two phases involved in building a data warehouse
from transactional data: extraction and transforming.
A) True
B) False
Ref. p 251
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.
Phases in Data Warehousing
• Three phases in transferring data from a transactional
database to a data warehouse:
– Extraction phase: create files from transactional database
– Transformation phase: cleanse and modify the data format
– Loading phase: transfer files to data warehouse
• A properly built data warehouse becomes a single source
for all data required for analysis
• Data mining and online analytical processing (OLAP) use
data in data warehouses
Management Information
Systems, Sixth Edition
167
© 2009 Dale McIntosh. All Rights Reserved.