APUSH Muckrakers & Urbanization.notebook
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APUSH Muckrakers & Urbanization.notebook Obj­ SWBAT­ Describe the areas the Progressives thought were in need of reform and explain the role journalists played in the Progressive movement. March 05, 2014 Gilded Age, 1870 to 1900 • The wealthy showed off their wealth and were snobbish and stuck DO NOW­ 1) What weapons does the government have to cut the tycoon down to size? 2) What weapons does the industrialist have? 3) Why is the tycoon so much bigger than the government? Feb 25­6:54 PM up…….Ostentatious wealth or conspicuous consumption • Time of corruption, scandals in local, state and national government. Feb 25­6:54 PM Gilded Age, 1870 to 1900 Phrase penned by Mark Twain as satire for the way America had become. It revealed the “best and worst” of America. • The Gilded Age suggests that there was a glittering layer of prosperity that covered the poverty and corruption that existed in much of society. • It needed reform . Feb 25­6:54 PM Feb 25­10:10 PM Tenements • Small apartment in a six or seven story building. • Homes for poor families. • No windows, heat, or indoor bathrooms. • Often, 10 people shared a single room. • Disease spread through tenements quickly. Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 20­8:42 AM 1 APUSH Muckrakers & Urbanization.notebook March 05, 2014 Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 20­8:42 AM America: Turn of the Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 20­8:42 AM Jacob Riis • Work: • How the Other Half Lives • Subject: • Living conditions of urban poor, tenements • Affect on America: • NY city and other urban centers passed new building and safety codes Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 25­10:14 PM 2 APUSH Muckrakers & Urbanization.notebook Riis’ Photos March 05, 2014 Muckrakers­ Newspaper reporters who tried to expose corruption. Peole said they raked the dirt, or muck, and exposed it to public view Feb 25­6:54 PM Feb 25­6:54 PM socıal reform reform Feb 25­6:54 PM • Progressives were concerned with several problems facing society: > Working Conditions > The Urban Poor > Living Conditions > Women’s Rights > Prohibition of Alcohol > Equality for Minorities (African­ Americans, Jews, other immigrants). Feb 25­6:54 PM Upton Sinclair • Work: • The Jungle 1906 • Subject: • The dangerous and unsanitary working conditions in the meat packing industry. • Affect on America: • 1906: Meat Inspection Act passed and Pure Food and Drug Act passed Feb 25­10:14 PM Feb 25­10:38 PM 3 APUSH Muckrakers & Urbanization.notebook March 05, 2014 polıtıcal reforms • Governments at all levels – federal, state, and city – faced problems of corruption and efficiency. • Progressives worked to eliminate abuses by changing the way government works. Feb 25­10:39 PM Lincoln Steffens • Work: Feb 25­6:54 PM regulatıng busıness • A major goal of the Progressives was the government regulation of big business. • The Shame of the Cities 1904 • Subject: • Examined political corruption in American Cities • Affect on America: • Cities took steps to end corruption and began reforming. Feb 25­10:14 PM Feb 25­6:54 PM Solutions to Urban Problems Ida Tarbell • Work: • History of Standard Oil in McClure’s Magazine • Subject: • Exposed the ruthless tactics of the Standard Oil Company Problems Over crowded, unsanitary tenement housing Gov't Solution Regulation of housing, “Dumbbell tenements” Were safer & ventilated • Affect on America: • Standard Oil v. US: The company was declared a monopoly and broken up. Feb 25­10:14 PM Feb 20­8:42 AM 4 APUSH Muckrakers & Urbanization.notebook March 05, 2014 Solutions to Urban Problems Gov't Solution Problems Inadequate Transportation Travel was slow, horses unsanitary in cities Feb 20­8:42 AM Solutions to Urban Problems Problems Unsafe Drinking water Water contained bacteria, caused sickness Gov't Solution Cities regulated and chlorinated the water supply to kill bacteria & make water supply safer Feb 20­8:42 AM Cities built streetcars, elevated trains & subways Feb 20­8:42 AM Solutions to Urban Problems Problems Gov't Solution Poor Sanitation Garbage/waste piled up on streets, no disposal of human waste, filthy streets Cities created sanitation departments, built sewer lines & landfills Feb 20­8:42 AM Solutions to Urban Problems Problems Frequent Fires Cities were not built to prevent fire, fires spread rapidly Gov't Solution Cities created public fire stations, hired fireman, installed sprinklers in buildings, enacted building/fire codes Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 20­8:42 AM 5 APUSH Muckrakers & Urbanization.notebook March 05, 2014 Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 20­8:42 AM Solutions to Urban Problems Gov't Solution Problems High Crime Rates As city population increased, crime increased too Feb 20­8:42 AM Cities created police departments, regular police patrols to protect residents Feb 20­8:42 AM 6 APUSH Muckrakers & Urbanization.notebook March 05, 2014 What were the Problems & Promises of Urbanization? • Urbanization (rapid growth of cities) caused various problems within society: • Housing, transportation, unsafe water, poor sanitation, fire & crime • Cities responded to the problem by increasing government regulation and creating a public workforce to deal with problems • Higher taxation was needed in order to pay for improvements Feb 20­8:42 AM Help for the Poor Feb 20­8:42 AM Jane Addams/Hull House **Social Gospel Movement** Salvation achieved through helping the poor Settlement House­ A community center that offers services for the poor. Hull House­ Jane Addams­ Provided nurseries, organized sports & theater, taught classes in English, U.S. Government, & health care. Feb 20­8:42 AM Feb 20­8:42 AM Other Improvements • Skyscrapers­ Made possible by steel frames and elevators • Public Parks­ Frederick Law Olmsted, Central Park NYC • Public transportation­ Electric trolleys, Subways (NYC 1904) • Department stores • Sports • Entertainment­ Vaudeville, a variety show Feb 20­8:42 AM 7
