ARCHES & SOLE OF FOOT
BONES
TARSAL BONES (7)
Med
Lat
Calcaneus
† Bones
† Ankle Joint
† Transverse Tarsal
Joint
† Arches & Support
† Clinical Problems
† Ankle
† Sole of Foot
ANKLE JOINT (Talocrural Joint)
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
METATARSAL BONES (5)
PHALANGES (14)
Collateral Ligaments
† Medial (Deltoid) Lig
† Socket – Plantarflexion-Dorsiflexion
„ Distal Tibiofibular Joint
† Ant. & Post. Tibiofibular lig.
† Transverse Tibiofibular lig.
„ Malleoli
„ Lower articular surface of tibia
„
„
„
„
Tibial malleolus
Navicular
Talus
Calcaneus
(sustentaculum tali)
† Lateral Lig.
„ Calcaneofibular
„ Ant. Talofibular
„ Post. Talofibular
1
TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINTS
† Inversion – Eversion
† Dorsiflexion & plantar flexion
„ Talus moves with foot
† Inversion & eversion
„ Talus move with leg
† Talocalcanean Joint - Major
„ Subtalar Joint – post. facet
„ Talocalcaneonavicular – ant. & mid. facets
† Calcaneocuboid Joint - Minor
Talocalcanean Joints
† Talocalcaneonavicular
„ Between talus and ant. &
mid. facets
„ Socket between navicular &
calcaneus
„ Socket closed by Spring lig.
„ Spring continuous with
deltoid lig.
„ Spring connects sustentaculi
tali with navicular
„ Covered by tibialis post.
Talocalcanean Joints
† Subtalar
„ Between talus &
post. facet
„ Below body of talus
„ Behind tarsal canal
„ Anchored by
interosseous lig.
† Tarsal Canal
„ Groove on top of
calcaneus
„ Interosseous
talocalcanean lig
Talocalcanean Joints
† Calcaneocuboid Joint
„ Bifurcate lig. – dorsal side
„ Long plantar lig. –
calcaneus to 2,3,4
metatarsals
„ Long plantar lig. – covers
peroneus longus tendon
„ Short plantar lig. – deep,
oblique
2
ARCHES
ARCHES
† Lateral Longitudinal Arch (Low)
† Functions
„ Distribute weight
„ Give elasticity to step
„ Absorb shock of jumping
off tall buildings
ARCHES
† “Transverse Arch”
„ Not true arch
„ Navicular, cuneiform,
cuboid, metatarsals 1-5
† Supporting Tendons
„
„
„
„
„
„ Calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsals 4-5
„ Bears weight before medial arch
† Medial Longitudinal Arch (High)
„ Calcaneus, talus, navicular,
cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3
„ Summit at head of talus
„ Tibialis post. acts as sling for arch
Clinical Problems
† Weight Bearing
Points (3)
„ Sesamoid bones
† Flat Feet
Peroneus longus
Tibialis post.
Tibialis ant.
Long flexor tendons
Short plantar muscles
† Arch Support
„ EMG studies show
muscles play no role
„ Immobile persons more
likely to have fallen
arches
3
Medial Ankle – “Doorway to Foot”
Lateral Ankle
Superficial Layer
(Calcaneus)
Second Layer
(Long flexor tendons)
† Abductor Hallucis
„ Proximal phalanges
† Abductor Digiti Quinti
„ Proximal phalanges
† Flexor Digitorum Brevis
„ Middle phalanges
† Flexor Digitorum Longus
„ Distal phalanges
† Quadratus Plantae
(Flexor Accessorius)
† Lumbricals
† Flexor Hallucis Longus
4
Third Layer
(Short muscles)
†
†
†
†
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Flexor Digiti Quinti
Adductor Hallucis Transversus
Adductor Hallucis Obliquus
Neurovascular Supply
† Medial plantar nerve
„ (Median nerve)
† Lateral plantar nerve
„ (Ulnar nerve)
Fourth Layer
(Intrinsic Muscles)
† Seven interossei
„ 3 plantar
„ 4 dorsal
† 2 Deep tendons
„ Tibialis post.
„ Peroneus longus
Neurovascular Supply
Neurovascular Supply
† Medial plantar
artery
† Lateral plantar
artery
„ “Deep arch”
5