the world’s aerospace
materials handbook
ThyssenKrupp Aerospace
the world’s
aerospace materials
team
ThyssenKrupp Aerospace
Price, delivery and quality continue to be the most important
requirements of aerospace material buyers. The development
of new aircraft and the consistent competitive pressure to
provide lowest cost and the highest quality in the shortest
timescales, mean that these requirements have to be achieved
in an increasingly complex environment.
The introduction of new aircraft continues to drive the need for
a wider and wider range of materials and specifications. The
application of ‘lean’ manufacturing principles demands that
these materials be processed and supplied on a just-in-time
basis.
ThyssenKrupp Aerospace is dedicated to meeting these needs.
Whether our customers have an immediate one-off requirement
for a single piece of metal, or need to negotiate a long-term
agreement covering multiple materials and processes, we are
ready to respond on a local basis or as part of a global
arrangement.
This handbook outlines the range of materials and services we
provide and includes a wealth of general information that we
think our customers will find helpful to have at their fingertips –
we hope you like it!
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1
The M aterials Mar ket and Pr icing
Aluminium
Steel
The investment required, in particular to extract
and convert bauxite into aluminium ingot, has
led to a significant consolidation of the
aluminium manufacturing industry which is now
controlled by a few major companies.
As with aluminium, there are very few approved
manufacturers of steels for the aerospace
industry. With total aerospace industry demand
representing less than 0.1 % of worldwide steel
production, there is a constant pressure on
approved manufacturers to re-evaluate the cost
and benefit of their involvement.
Aerospace demand represents less than 1 % of
all of the aluminium produced in the world, and
as a result, its price and availability is affected
by broader global trends.
In recognition of this fact and to ensure that
sufficient aircraft aluminium production capacity
exists in the long-term, the leading aerospace
manufacturers have negotiated long-term
supply agreements with the aluminium
producers, which has effectively tied up over 50
% of available capacity at agreed prices. The
supply of this material is tightly controlled by the
aircraft manufacturers or their approved service
providers and can only be accessed by those
subcontractors who have been awarded work
packages.
The ‘open’ market, ie outside of the aircraft
manufacturer mill agreements, reacts to the
normal interplay of supply and demand.
However, it is also affected by the price of ingot
which is traded daily on the London Metal
Exchange (LME) and by pressures on energy
prices and other costs incurred by the
producers. Although not as volatile as the LME,
the production lead times and price of this
material does vary, and although it can go
through periods of stability, this can never be
taken for granted.
4
The result is that the aerospace steels market is
buffeted from time to time by the effects of
supply and demand in other sectors. In
addition, because aerospace steels have other
alloying elements, their price can also be
affected by movements in the LME price of
Nickel etc. Such changes are usually passed on
by the producers in the form of surcharges
which can add a significant increase to the cost
of the base material.
Titanium
There are very few producers of titanium in the
world but, unlike the other two materials,
aerospace applications represent more than 50
% of its usage. This, combined with the
material’s growing importance for use in
composite structures, has led the aerospace
companies to negotiate long term supply
agreements and even to enter into joint ventures
with the titanium manufacturers.
As a result less production capacity is freely
available to meet uncontracted demands so
open market prices can be very volatile.
Aluminium
Aluminium
Plate
Products and processing............................................................................................21
Standards and specifications..................................................................................24
Weight calculations.........................................................................................................30
Sheet
Products and processing............................................................................................33
Standards and specifications..................................................................................34
Weight calculations.........................................................................................................40
Bar
Products and processing............................................................................................42
Standards and specifications..................................................................................43
Weight calculations.........................................................................................................46
Tube
Products and processing............................................................................................51
Standards and specifications..................................................................................52
Weight calculations.........................................................................................................54
Technical data
Metallurgy and specifications.................................................................................57
Thermal treatment...........................................................................................................58
Summary of alloys. .........................................................................................................60
Processing properties...................................................................................................61
Aluminium tube production......................................................................................62
Typical mechanical properties of tube..............................................................63
Production diagrams. ....................................................................................................64
aluminium plate
Standards and specifications by country
Specification
Belgium
SMS 3206
Brazil
MEP 02-013
MEP 02-014
Canada
BAMS 516-001
BAMS 516-002
BAMS 516-003
BAMS 516-006
BAMS 516-021
Europe
EN 2419
EN 6000
EN 2422
EN 2124
EN 2123
EN 4213
EN 2684/2687
EN 4214
EN 3982/3983
EN 2126
EN 2511
EN 2512
EN 2805/4457
France
AIMS 03-02-004/020
AIMS 03-02-008
AIMS 03-02-009
AIMS 03-02-011/026
AIMS 03-02-017/024
AIMS 03-02-019
AIMS 03-02-021
AIMS 03-02-022
AIMS 03-02-023
AIMS 03-02-025
AIMS 03-02-031
AIMS 03-02-032
AIMS 04-32-232
AIMS 04-32-311/319/324
AIMS 04-32-411
AIMS 04-32-441
AIMS 04-32-471
AIMS 04-32-471A
AIR 9048
AIR 9048.610/.620
AIR 9048.630
AIR 9048.640
AIR 9048.680/.690/.700/.710
AIR 9048.720/.730
AIR 9048.740
ASN-A-3005/3098/3101
ASN-A-3009
ASN-A-3011
ASN-A-3050
ASN-A-3355
CR 1.1.0.31
CR 1.1.0.36
CR 1.1.0.42
CR 1.1.0.76
CR 1.1.0.87
CR 1.1.0.88
CR 1.1.0.98
Germany
W.-Nr. 3.1354
W.-Nr. 3.1924
W.-Nr. 3.3214
W.-Nr. 3.4394
W.-Nr. 3.4144
W.-Nr. 3.4364
W.-Nr. 3.4364
W.-Nr. 3.4384
Alloy
Temper
Company
7010
T7451
Sonaca
7475
7050
T7351
T7451
Embraer
Embraer
7050
7475
7050
7150
7040
T7651
T7351
T7451
T7751
T7451
Bombardier
Bombardier
Bombardier
Bombardier
Bombardier
2024
2024
2124
2214
2618A
6061
7010
7010
7050
7075
7075
7175
7475
T351
T351
T351
T451, T651
T351, T851
T651
W51, T7651, T7451
T651
T7451/T7651
W51, T651
T7351
T7351
T7651/T7351
2024
7175
7475
7150
7055
7040/7050
2618A
7010/7050
7040
7085
2027
2124
2214
7010
2024
2618A
7075
7175
7175
2214
2024
2618A
7075
7475
7050
7010
7075
2024
7175
2618A
2214
2024
2618A
7075
7010
7175
7050
T351/T351HDT
T7351
T7351
T651/T7751
T7751/T7951
T7451
T851
T7451
T7651
T7651
T351
T851
T351, T651
T7451/T651/T7651
T351
T351, T851
T7351
T3751
T7351
T451/T451(T651), T651
T351
T351(T851), T851
T651/T7351/T7351/T7651
T7351/T7651
T7451
T651/T7451/T7651
T7351
T351
T7351
T851
T451, T651
T351
T351, T651
T651, T7351
T7451
T7351
T7451
2024
2618A
6061
7010
7050
7075
7175
7475
T351, T851
T651
T451, T651
T7451
T7451
T651, T7351
T7351
T7351
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Airbus
Dassault
Dassault
Dassault
Dassault
Dassault
Dassault
Dassault
continued >
26
Density of steel
STEEL SHEET & PLATE
Weight calculations
The following charts are samples of some of the common
thicknesses and sizes that are available. Please contact us for
details of our full product range and current stock availability.
SHEET – METRIC
Thickness
mm
0.300
0.376
0.400
0.457
0.500
0.559
0.600
0.710
0.800
0.914
1.000
1.200
1.220
1.270
1.420
1.600
1.780
2.000
2.030
2.286
2.500
2.540
2.640
3.000
3.250
4.000
4.060
4.460
4.760
5.000
6.000
Size
m
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
SHEET – IMPERIAL
Weight
kg/sheet
4.7
5.9
6.3
7.2
7.9
8.8
9.4
11.1
12.6
14.3
15.7
18.8
19.2
19.9
22.3
25.1
28.0
31.4
31.9
35.9
39.3
39.9
41.4
47.1
51.0
62.8
63.7
70.0
74.7
78.5
94.2
Thickness
in
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0.022
0.024
0.028
0.032
0.036
0.040
0.047
0.048
0.050
0.056
0.063
0.070
0.078
0.080
0.090
0.098
0.100
0.104
0.118
0.128
0.157
0.160
0.176
0.187
0.197
0.236
Size
ft
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
10 x 3
The acknowledged density of mild steel is
7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lbs/in3). Depending on
the alloy elements added to manufactured
specifications this can vary between 7.75
and 8.05 g/cm3 (0.280 and 0.291 lbs/in3).
PLATE – METRIC
Weight
lbs/sheet
14.7
17.2
19.6
22.1
24.5
27.0
29.4
34.4
39.3
44.2
49.1
57.7
58.9
61.3
68.7
77.3
85.9
95.7
98.2
110.4
120.2
122.7
127.6
144.8
157.0
192.6
196.3
215.9
229.4
241.7
289.5
PLATE – IMPERIAL
Thickness
mm
6.35
10.00
12.70
15.00
Size
m
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
Weight
kg/plate
99.7
157.0
199.4
235.5
20.00
25.40
30.00
2x1
2x1
2x1
314.0
398.8
471.0
38.10
40.00
50.00
50.80
60.00
63.50
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
598.2
628.0
785.0
797.6
942.0
997.0
70.00
76.20
80.00
90.00
100.00
101.60
110.00
120.00
127.00
130.00
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
2x1
1099.0
1196.3
1256.0
1413.0
1570.0
1595.1
1727.0
1884.0
1993.9
2041.0
140.00
150.00
152.40
2x1
2x1
2x1
2198.0
2355.0
2392.7
Thickness Size
in
ft
1/4
10 x 3
Weight
lbs/plate
306.7
1/2
10 x 3
613.4
3/4
10 x 3
920.2
1
10 x 3
1226.9
1 1/4
1 1/2
10 x 3
10 x 3
1533.6
1840.3
2
10 x 3
2453.8
2 1/2
2 3/4
10 x 3
10 x 3
3067.2
3373.9
3
10 x 3
3680.6
4
10 x 3
4907.5
5
10 x 3
6134.4
5 1/2
10 x 3
6747.8
6
10 x 3
7361.3
Density based on 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lbs/in3)
How to calculate the weight of sheet or plate
The weight is easily calculated. Simply multiply the
appropriate alloy density by the thickness, width, and
length of the required part (see worked example below).
Metric
density (g/cm³)
Example: 7.85 g/cm³
x T
x W
x 50 mm x 1 m
Imperial density (lbs/in³) x T
Example: 0.284 lbs/in³
x 4 in
x W
x 36 in
T
L
W
x L
x 2m
= weight
= 785 kg
x L
x 120 in
weight
= 4907.5 lbs
T = Thickness
W = Width
L = Length
For imperial weight calculations, certain measurements (fractions) need to be converted to decimal inches.
Please see the conversion table on page 132.
For an accurate calculation, it is also important to allow for the rolling tolerance which affects the thickness and the cutting
tolerances which affect the width and length. These vary from thickness to thickness – please contact us for details.
74
Round bar weight calculations
The following charts are samples of some of the common diameters that are available.
Please contact us for details of our full product range and current stock availability.
METRIC
IMPERIAL
Diameter
Weight
Diameter
Weight
mm
kg/m
in
lbs/ft
Density of titanium
kg/m
8
0.23
5/16
0.15
0.22
9
0.29
3/8
0.22
0.32
10
0.35
7/16
0.29
0.44
12
0.51
1/2
0.38
0.57
15
0.80
5/8
0.60
0.89
20
1.41
3/4
0.86
1.29
25
2.21
1
1.54
2.29
30
3.18
1 1/4
2.40
3.57
40
5.66
1 1/2
3.46
5.14
50
8.84
1 3/4
4.71
7.00
The acknowledged density of titanium is
4.50 g/cm3 (0.163 lbs/in3). Depending on
the alloy elements added to manufactured
specifications this can vary between 4.4
and 4.9 g/cm3 (0.159 and 0.177 lbs/in3).
60
12.73
2
6.15
9.14
70
17.32
2 1/4
7.78
11.57
75
19.88
2 1/2
9.60
14.29
80
22.62
2 3/4
11.62
17.29
90
28.63
3
13.83
20.57
95
31.90
3 1/2
18.82
28.00
100
35.35
4
24.58
36.58
120
50.90
4 1/2
31.11
46.29
130
59.74
5
38.41
57.15
135
64.42
5 1/2
46.48
69.15
140
69.28
6
55.31
82.30
145
74.32
6 1/2
64.91
96.59
150
79.53
7
75.29
112.02
160
90.49
7 1/2
86.42
128.59
180
114.53
8
98.33
146.31
Remember: We can cut to size and process
materials to reduce waste and lower your costs.
Density based on 4.50 g/cm3 (0.163 lbs/in3)
How to calculate the weight of round bar
The weight of round bar is easily calculated. Simply multiply the appropriate
alloy density by the diameter and length multiplied by two of the required
part (see worked example below).
Metric
density (g/cm³)
Example: 4.50 g/cm³
x D²
x 20 mm²
Imperial density (lbs/in³) x D²
Example: 0.163 lbs/in³
x 0.75 in²
π = 3.142
x L
x 1m
x
x
π / 4000
π / 4000
weight
= 1.41 kg
x L
x 12 in
x
x
π/4
π/4
weight
= 0.864 lbs
D
L
L = Length
D = Diameter
For imperial weight calculations, certain measurements (fractions) need to be converted to decimal inches.
Please see the conversion table on page 132.
For an accurate calculation, it is also important to allow for the rolling/drawn tolerances on diameter defined
by the manufacturing specification. Please contact us for details.
105
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