First Quarter Test Review
Vocabulary Items and Key Concepts
The following vocabulary items can be found in your
textbook, powerpoints, and class handouts. Note:
these identifications and concepts do not
necessarily constitute all that will be covered on the
exam.
Unit 1: A Eurocentric World
Agricultural Beginnings
1st Agricultural Revolution; plant domestication,
animal domestication (animal husbandry),
nomadic pastoralism
Geographic luck - east-west axis (Eurasia) vs.
north-south axis (Americas, Africa)
Diffusion of agriculture from Fertile Crescent to
Europe
5 Themes of Geography - location; interaction
(human/environment); region; place;
movement
Roots of Exploration
Silk Road
Developments - Gutenberg's printing press,
cartography, navigational devices,
shipbuilding, gunpowder
Commercial Revolution
Mercantilism; balance of trade
Why Portugal? (5 themes of geography)
Prince Henry the Navigator
Fall of Constantinople
Explorers - Bartholomeu Diaz, Vasco da Gama,
Christopher Columbus (Colombian Exchange,
Amerigo Vespucci, Ferdinand Magellan
Portugal's empire
Expansion
Hernan Cortez, Francisco Pizarro
Triangle Trade
Spanish America, society (peninsulares,
creoles, ...)
Europe in North America
Columbian Exchange
Unit 2: The War of the Worlds
Wild, Wild West
Nation-state
Nation, state, nation-state, sovereignty
England - Norman Invasion, Magna Carta,
Hundred Years' War
Spain - Isabella & Ferdinand, Reconquista
Europe - Peace of Westphalia (sovereignty)
Reformation
Northern Renaissance – More, Erasmus
Why Germany? (5 themes of geography)
Martin Luther
English Reformation - Henry VIII
Zwingli, Calvin & the Elect
Catholic (Counter) Reformation, Council of
Trent, results
Religious Strife
Spanish Catholic Crusade - Philip II
French Wars of Religion
Henry IV, Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu
(Huguenots, nobles), Thirty Years' War, Treaty of
Westphalia (sovereignty)
Globalization & Westernization
Catholic expansion
Capitalism and trade) vs. mercantilism
Western society European)
Beasts of the East
Tokugawa Shogunate
Japanese feudalism, Age of Warring States
Oda Nobunaga
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Korea (Japanese invasion)
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Japanese society, Great Peace, isolation, SPAM
(Confucian)
Ming Dynasty
Ming ascendancy; SPAM, economy, exploration
Ming stagnation; "Little Ice Age", inward focus,
foreign intruders, famine & rebellion
Qing Dynasty
Manchu conquest; adoption of & distinction from
Chinese
Qing stagnation
Chinese culture and society
Asian Power Goes South
Height of Islamic Power
Indian Ocean trade
Liberation of Istanbul
Islamic Decline
Mughal India - decentralization (religion, nawabs),
weakening; British influence; "Jewel in the
Crown", indirect rule
Safavid Persia - Shah Abbas I, Shi'ah Islam,
centralization; Nadir Shah; Qajars ... theocracy
Arabia - Wahhabism
Ottoman Turks - Suleyman the Magnificent,
decline (less wealth, more corruption,
decentralization), "Sick Man of Europe"; Sultan
Selim III (westernizes)
Southeast Asia
Islam, European trade (little impact on culture)
Unit 3: Home of the Slave
The Slave Trade
The American Revolution
Africa's diversity - urban vs. rural, Islam (north)
animism, shamanism
African slavery - trans-Saharan, Atlantic
(triangular trade, middle passage)
African slavery in the Americas - eugenics
Stuart dynasty ends (rise of prime minister)
Seven Years' War (colonists unite for defense)
Salutary neglect ends - Stamp Act, "No tax w/o
rep.", rep. assemblies (past - House of
Burgesses); tea tax Boston Tea Party)
Mercantilism + Enlightenment = Capitalism...
Enlightenment influence - Declaration of
Independence, Thomas Jefferson, US
Constitution
Revolution - Democracy vs. monarchy; capitalism
(goods) vs. mercantilism (gold); international war
(French join US); Treaty of Paris
The Transformation of Africa
Reorientation of West Africa - Atlantic shift &
trade (Songhai, Morocco)
Depopulation of Central Africa - Kongo (King
Afonso I, manikongo), Ndongo (Angola, Njinga of
Ndongo, Portugal)
Conflict in East Africa - Swahili, Portuguese vs.
Arabs & East Africans, Ethiopia (Coptic)
South Africa and the Dutch - Khoisan, Dutch Eat
India Co., Boers
The Impact of Slavery
New trade routes (shift in wealth & power),
demographic displacement, cultural & family
disruption (polygyny), racism
Unit 5: Clash of the Enlightened
Nation, state & nation-state, nationalism,
sovereignty
Louis XIV – absolutism, legacy
Enlightenment - Hobbes, Locke, Diderot,
Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Smith
French Revolution - Old Regime (3 estates),
Unit 4: The Shining
The Age of Absolutism
France - Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIV, Fronde,
Versailles, Wars of Louis XIV, divine right of
kings, legacy
Austria - Habsburgs, checked by aristocracy
(regionalism)
Prussia - Hohenzollerns, checked by aristocracy
(military)
Britain - limited monarchy (House of Lords &
Commons); Charles I (Petition of Right, 11 Yrs.
Tyranny), Oliver Cromwell (Civil War, Puritan
Revolution, Rump Parliament, Lord Protector
(Instrument of Government)); William & Mary
(Glorious Revolution, Bill of Rights
Europe's Intellectual Revolution
Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo (victim of
geography), Descartes, Bacon, Newton
Age of Reason - rationalism, Enlightenment
Thinkers & philosophes - Hobbes, Locke,
Diderot, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau,
Smith (laissez faire, supply & demand,...)
Enlightened Despotism
Prussia - Frederick William II
Austria - Maria Theresa I, Joseph II
Russia - Peter I (Muscovy, Grand Embassy,
westernizes, Great Northern War, enlightened?);
Catherine II (coup d' etat, westernizes,
enlightened?)
Estates-General, Great Fear, Legislative
Assembly, National Convention (Jacobins
(Robespierre), sans-culottes, moderates,
Girondists), Reign of Terror, Directory
Napoleon Bonaparte - coup d'etat, Napoleonic
(Civil) Code, Continental System, nationalism
End of Napoleon - Peninsular War, Grand Army,
scorched-earth policy, Hundred Days
Congress of Vienna
Topics - security, legitimacy, compensation
Metternich
Reactionaries