Globalization and Education:
Changing Role of School Leadership in
Primary Education in Tanzania
Presented by
Alice Oforo Makule
M. Phil Program in Comparative and International
Education
Specialization Area: Educational Policy, Planning,
Management and Evaluation
University of Oslo
1.
Introduction
1.1 The Purpose
ƒ
To examine how global forces has made
impact on educational management and
administration and; to find out its effects on
primary school leadership role in Tanzania
Introduction cont…
1.2 Tanzania: An Over View
„ location-
East of the African coast
„ population- 34 million people (URT 2002)
„ language profile
„ GDP is low, per capita income is US $303
(Foreign & Common Wealth 2007)
1.3 The Background to the Topic
2. An Over View Globalization
Concept and School Leadership
2.1 Globalization
„ the
process of intensification of the world
social relations which links distant localities in
such a way that the local happenings are
shaped by events that are occurring in mile
away and vice versa
Related Concepts cont…
2.2. Contemporary School Leadership
„ The major concern
„ what
school leadership could & should be (Grace,
1995).
2.3 School Leadership in Developing
Countries
„
under researched however, it has started to receive
attention due to the global forces
3.0 Globalization and Education
3.1. Globalization Impact on Education
„ The
main globalization resources
-Knowledge and information
3.2 Development of Educational Changes
and Its Causes
„ 1962-
replace colonial education- internal influence
„ 1967- education for self reliance- internal +
external
„ 1972-decentralization of decision making –
internal
„ 1974-Musoma resolution on UPE- external
„ 1978- formulation of educational act No. 25
„ 1995 - amendment of act No. 25 into National
policy -internal + internal
3.3 Major Problems Scourging Primary
Education in Tanzania (URT 2001)
„ dilapidated
physical infrastructure
„ decreasing enrolment
„ high and/or increasing drop outs
„ lack of teaching and learning materials
„ low morale amongst the teaching staff
„ HIV/AIDS
3.4. How Tanzanian Issues and
Problems Accommodated into Global
Frameworks?
3.4.1 UNESCO (1995) four categories
„ guiding
principles group
„ the set of system –articulation and finance
group
„ special areas of education
„ leaner related issues
How Globalization Categorized Issues
Cont…
3.4.2 Carnoy (1999) three reforms in which
educational issues respond
„ equity
reform,
„ financial reforms,
„ competitive reforms
3.5 To Accommodate Global Forces in
Tanzania Education System
„ The
educational Policy and Training 1995
4. Management and School
Leadership Reforms in Tanzania
4.1 before the reform up 1995
4.2 the impact of the reform
5. Opportunities and Challenges of
School Leadership in Tanzania
5.1 Opportunities
„ the
decentralization of power & funds to the
school leadership
„ strengthening of school accountability & capacity
building
„ availability of leadership training
„ increase in the enrollment
5.2 Challenges
„ the
training was not well implemented
„ the qualification of the chairperson is a
contradictory to some area
„ the growth in the enrollment & remittance –
no compensation for the increment
„ corruption still is a problem
„ delay of the funds
6. Conclusion
6.1 Has the Primary School leadership
role changed as a result of global
educational policies’ force?
„
Yes,
The school leadership has shifted from
professional to the transformation leadership
6.2 Recommendation
„
need for further study in the training area
The End
**** Thank you for listening ****