NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK
DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
AND MEDICAL IMAGING
COURSE:
RAD 1225 - Radiographic Procedures II (1.5 cl. hrs., 2cr)
INSTRUCTOR:
Zoya Vinokur MS, RT(R)(M)
E-MAIL:
zvinokur@citytech.cuny.edu Phone:
OFFICE:
Room P513
(718) 260-5365
OFFICE HOURS: Mondays 1:00-2:00 p.m. (or by appointment)
Wednesday 2: 15-3:15 p..m. (or by appointment)
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course is the laboratory component of the didactic lecture RAD 1225/RT 225. It is
designed to perform radiographic studies as outlined and described in the lecture
component. The student will take radiographs on phantom anatomical parts with the
assistance of the professor, process the latent images, and critique the image for proper
positioning, alignment, collimation, marker placement, and utilization of radiation
protection.
COURSE GOAL:
To introduce the student to the basic knowledge and practice of radiographic positioning
and related anatomy, with emphasis on psycho-motor skills in the Lab setting.
PREREQUISITES:
See College Catalog
COREQUISITES:
See College Catalog
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
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The student will manipulate anatomical phantoms and produce adequate radiographic
views for each examination/part.
Students will learn the steps necessary to properly manipulate the x-ray tube and
associated equipment.
1
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Students will develop the ability to analyze radiography properly and to correct or
prevent errors
The student will process the latent image utilizing either conventional darkroom
techniques or the computed radiography workstation and plate reader.
Students will practice methods to reduce radiation exposure to simulated patients.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Ballinger, Philip W., Radiographic Positions and Radiologic Procedures, Twelfth Edition.
Mosby.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND ASSESSMENT:
Student enrolled in RAD 1225L must:
1. Participate in all sessions and interact laboratory partners
2. Pass the course with a final grade of 70%
3. Attend 4 or more Open Lab sessions
COURSE GRADING:
Lecture quizzes averaged with laboratory quizzes ......... ............ ....... 20%
Midterm examination .. ............. ............ ............. ............. ............ ........ 30%
Final examination ........ ............. ............ ............. ............. ............ ........ 50%
ATTENDANCE POLICY:
Maximum 2 absences per semester.
Detailed college attendance policy may be found in the college catalog.
LATENESS:
Arriving 10 minutes after the scheduled start of class time will be counted as lateness. Two
late arrivals to class will be counted as one absence and may affect the final course grade
CLASSROOM CONDUCT:
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
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No cellular phone or beeper interruptions during class. (Turn off before
class)
No talking during instructor’s lectures or when another student is speaking.
Food and drinks are not allowed in the laboratory at any time.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY:
Cheating is an unauthorized use or an attempted use of material, information, notes, study
aids, devices or communication during an academic exercise and may lead to failure of
the course and expulsion. (See Department Academic Integrity Policy
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SEQUENCE OF TOPICS
WEEK
1
DATE
2/02/15
TOPIC
2
2/09/2015
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following : Cervical and Thoracic Spine
A. Trauma Cervical Spine
1. Cross Table Lateral
2. Cross Table Lateral Swimmers
B. T Spine
1. AP
2. Lateral
3. AP/PA Oblique (RAO, LPO)
4. Scoliosis
C. Structures shown
3
2/18/2015
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following : Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and
Coccyx
A. L- Spine
1. AP
2. AP Axial
3. Lateral /Lateral L5-S1 Spot
B. Sacrum
1. AP/PA Axial
2. Lateral
C. Coccyx
1. AP/PA Axial
2. Lateral
D. Structures shown
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Cervical Spine
Cervical Spine
1. AP Fuchs
2. AP Open Mouth (Odontoid)
3. AP Axial
4. AP Ottonello “ Wagging Jaw”
5. Lateral
6. Flexion & Extension (optional)
7. RPO / LPO or RAO / LAO
8. Structures shown
3
4
2/23/15
5
3/02/15
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Esophagram
A. Esophagus
1.
AP/PA
2.
AP/PA Oblique (RAO, LPO)
3.
Lateral
B. Structures shown
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Gastrointestinal (GI)
A. Stomach
1.
AP/PA
2.
PA/AP Oblique (RAO, LPO)
3.
Right Lateral
B. Structures shown
6
3/09/15
7
3/16/15
8
3/23/15
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Gastrointestinal Series (Cont)
A. Small Intestine
1.
PA/AP
2.
GI Follow-up
3.
Small Bowel Series (Timed
Examination)
B. Structures shown
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Large Bowel (Large intestines)
A. Large Intestine
1.
PA/AP
2.
PA Oblique (RAO, LAO)
3.
AP Oblique (LPO, RPO)
4.
PA/AP Axial
5.
Lateral Rectum
B. Structures shown
Midterm
4
9
3/30/15
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Cranium General Routine
A. Skull Topography and Anatomy
B. Projection/Positioning of the Skull
1. PA/AP
2. Lateral
3. Caldwell Method
4. Towne Method
C. Structures shown
10
4/12/15
11
4/20/15
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Cranium (continued), Base, Sella
Turcica
A. Cranium Anatomy
1. PA Axial (Haas Method)
2. Submentovertical (Schuller Method)
3. Sella Turcica (Lateral)
4.
B. Structures shown
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Temporal Bone (Petrous Portion
and Mastoids)
A. Temporal Bone
1. Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law)
2. Axiolateral Oblique (Stenvers Method)
3. Axiolateral Oblique (Arcelin Method)
B. Structures shown
12
4/27/15
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Paranasal Sinuses
A. Paranasal Sinuses
1. PA Caldwell (Frontal)
2. Waters (Maxillary)
3. Lateral (all 4 pairs of sinuses)
4. SMV Schuller (sphenoid)
5. PA
B. Structures shown
5
13
5/04/15
Anatomy, Terminology, Positioning and Procedures
of the following: Facial, Nasal Bones
A. Facial / Nasal Bones
1. Waters (Facial)
2. Lateral (Nasal)
3. Rhese (Orbit)
4. Optic (Foramen)
5. Schuller (Zygoma)
B. Structures shown
15
5/11/15
Review
15
5/18/15
FINAL EXAM
6
COURSE LECTURE SCHEDULE BY WEEK AND TOPIC
Cervical Spine
1. AP Fuchs
2. AP Open Mouth (Odontoid)
3. AP Axial
4. AP Ottonello “ Wagging Jaw”
5. Lateral
6. Flexion & Extension (optional)
7. RPO / LPO or RAO / LAO
8. Structures shown
9.
Thoracic and Cervical Spine
A. T- Spine
1. AP
2. Lateral
3. AP/PA Oblique (RAO, LPO)
4. Scoliosis
B. Trauma Cervical Spine
A. Cross Table Lateral
B. Cross Table Lateral Swimmers Technique
C. Structures shown
Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx
B. L- Spine
4. AP
5. AP Axial
6. Lateral /Lateral L5-S1 Spot
B. Sacrum
3. AP/PA Axial
4. Lateral
C. Coccyx
3. AP/PA Axial
4. Lateral
D. Structures shown
Esophagram
Projections/Position of the Esophagus
1.
AP/PA
2.
AP/PA Oblique (RAO, LPO)
3.
Lateral
4.
Structures shown
Gastrointestinal (GI) Stomach
A.
Projection/Positioning of the Stomach
1.
AP/PA
7
2.
PA/AP Oblique (RAO, LPO)
3.
Right Lateral
4.
Structures shown
Gastrointestinal Series (Continued)
A.
Projection/Positioning of the Small Intestine
1.
PA/AP
2.
GI Follow-up
3.
Small Bowel Series (Timed Examination)
4.
Structures shown Large Bowel (Large intestines)
A.
Projection/Positioning of the Large Intestine
1.
PA/AP
2.
PA Oblique (RAO, LAO)
3.
AP Oblique (LPO, RPO)
4.
PA/AP Axial
5.
Lateral Rectum
6.
Structures shown
Mid-Term Examination
Skull Topography and Anatomy
Cranium General Routine
A.
Projection/Positioning of the Skull
1.
PA/AP
2.
Lateral
3.
Caldwell Method
4.
Towne Method
5.
Structures shown
Cranium (continued), Base, Sella Turcica
A.
PA Axial (Haas Method)
B.
Submentovertical (Schuller Method)
C.
Sella Turcica (Lateral)
Temporal Bone (Petrous Portion and Mastoids)
A.
Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law)
B.
Axiolateral Oblique (Stenvers Method)
C.
Axiolateral Oblique (Arcelin Method)
Paranasal Sinuses
A.
PA Caldwell (Frontal)
B.
Waters (Maxillary)
C.
Lateral (all 4 pairs of sinuses)
D.
SMV Schuller (sphenoid)
E.
PA
8
Facial, Nasal Bones
A.
Waters (Facial)
B.
Lateral (Nasal)
C.
Rhese (Orbit)
D.
Optic (Foramen)
E.
Schuller (Zygoma)
Review
Final Examination
9