Essential Projections: Bony Thorax



Sternum: RAO and Lateral
SC joints: PA, PA oblique (Body rotation method or CR angulation method)
Ribs: PA or AP (upper & lower), Oblique (upper & lower)
Essential Projections: Spine
C-Spine:
 AP Axial
 AP Open Mouth
 AP or PA axial oblique
 AP (Fuchs) for dens
 Lateral (Grandy)
T-spine:
 AP
 Lateral
 Lateral (swimmer’s technique)
L-Spine:
 AP
 Lateral
 Lateral L5-S1
 AP oblique
- RPO
- LPO
 AP axial L-S junction and SI joints (Ferguson)
S- Spine:
 Sacrum
- AP axial
- Lateral
 Coccyx
- AP axial
- Lateral
 SI Joints
- AP Oblique: RPO or LPO
Essential Projections: Digestive System:
Esophagus:
 AP or PA
 AP or PA oblique
 Lateral
Stomach and Duodenum:
 PA
 PA oblique
 AP oblique
 Lateral (mediolateral)
 AP
Small Intestine:

PA or AP
Large Intestine:



PA or AP
PA or AP axial
PA oblique
- RAO position or LAO position
 AP oblique
- RPO position or LPO position
 Lateral rectum
 Right or Left lateral decubitus position
INSTRUCTOR WILL PICK ANY THREE AT RANDOM
Urinary System:
 AP or PA KUB
 Oblique KUB (RPO or LPO)
 Lateral KUB
 AP axial or PA axial bladder
 AP Oblique bladder (RPO or LPO)
 Lateral bladder
INSTRUCTOR WILL PICK ANY THREE AT RANDOM
Cranium:
 Lateral
- Right and left lateral positions
- Dorsal decubitus position







PA
PA axial (Caldwell method)
AP
AP axial
AP axial (Towne method)
PA axial (Haas method)
Submentovertical (SMV)
 Axiolateral oblique (modified Law)
 Axiolateral oblique (Stenvers)
 Axiolateral oblique (Arcelin)
 Parietoorbital oblique (Rhese method)
INSTRUCTOR WILL PICK ANY THREE AT RANDOM
Facial bones:
 Lateral R or L
 Parietoacanthial (Waters)
 PA axial (CALDWELL)
Nasal bones:
 Lateral R and L
Zygomatic arches:
 Submentovertical
 Tangential
 AP axial (MODIFIED TOWNE)
Mandibular rami:
 PA
 PA axial
Mandible:
 Axiolateral oblique
Temporomandibular articulations (TMJ):
 AP axial
 Axiolateral oblique R and L
Sinuses:
 Lateral
 PA axial (Caldwell method)
 Parietoacanthial (Waters method) or open-mouth modification
Submentovertical
This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community Based
Job Training Grants initiative as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment
and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily
reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no
guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such
information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy
of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability,
or ownership. This solution is copyrighted by the institution that created it. Internal use by an
organization and/or personal use by an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible.
All other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner.