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THE PHARMACY
TECHNICIAN’S
Reference Guide
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THE PHARMACY
TECHNICIAN’S
Reference Guide
Cristina Kaiser, MA
Curriculum Technician, Allied Health
San Joaquin Valley College
Visalia, California
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Acquisitions Editor: David Troy
Product Manager: Andrea M. Klingler
Marketing Manager: Christen Murphy
Designer: Stephen Druding
Compositor: Macmillan Publishing Solutions
First Edition
Copyright © 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business
351 West Camden Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
530 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Printed in China
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as
photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and
reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of
their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the
above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins at 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, via email at
permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services).
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kaiser, Cristina.
The pharmacy technician’s reference guide / Cristina Kaiser.—1st ed.
p. ; cm.
ISBN 978-0-7817-9814-3
1. Pharmacy technicians—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Pharmaceutical Preparations—Handbooks. 2. Pharmaceutical
Preparations—administration & dosage—Handbooks. 3. Technology,
Pharmaceutical—Handbooks. QV 735 K13p 2010]
RS122.95.K35 2010
615'.19—dc22
2009025320
To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300.
Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.lww.com.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available
from 8:30 am to 6:00 pm, EST.
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To daddy, for your endless
support, and in memory of my
mom. I love you both. Thank
you for being my best friends.
I have definitely been blessed
to have parents like you.
DISCLAIMER
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information present
and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors,
and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or
accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in
a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that
drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current
recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of
ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of
information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to
check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage
and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when
the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research
settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA
status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.
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Preface
The Pharmacy Technicians Reference Guide is a
small, discrete guide that is easy to fit in a lab
coat or smock. This reference guide is a great
addition to the classroom environment; its easy
access helps the student study and become
acquainted with basic pharmacy information. It
is also a perfect guide for the beginning Pharmacy Technician because he or she can use it to
review important topics and work toward
greater competency.
The information provided has been arranged
for easy review and includes abbreviations, conversions, classifications, formulas, prescription
information, professional titles, and terminology.
Additional features include State Board websites
and pharmacy organizations that are beneficial
for the Pharmacy Technician. Blank sections
at the bottom of pages allow space for the
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Pharmacy Technician to note information relevant to the pharmacy job and help them better
retain the material.
Completely searchable Full Text is available
online at http://thepoint.lww.com/Kaiser. Also
available there are Flash Cards, which can be
used for studying and will provide help in retaining common information pertinent to Pharmacy
Technician competencies.
I hope you use this guide whether you’re in the
classroom or any pharmacy job with confidence.
Enjoy!
PREFACE
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Contents
Classification of Drugs
1
Anti-infectives 1
Antineoplastic 1
Biologic/Immunologic 2
Blood/Vessels 2
Cardiovascular 3
Central Nervous System 4
Dermatologic 6
Endocrine 6
Excretory/Renal 7
Gastrointestinal 7
Ophthalmic 8
Otic 8
Respiratory 8
Abbreviations
10
Abbreviations Not Accepted by JCAHO 10
Dosage Forms 10
Drugs 12
Drug Forms 16
Measurements 17
Medical Terminology 19
Routes of Administration 31
Units of Time 33
Vitamins 35
Diseases 36
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Formulas
41
Dosage Calculations 41
Body Surface Area 41
Volume 43
Percent of a Quantity 44
Ratio–Proportion Method 44
Solutions 44
FDA-Mandated Medication Guides
45
Hospital Chart Information
46
Order Requirements 46
Maximum Daily Dosages
47
Metric Conversions
Household Metric Conversions
Volume 48
Weight 49
Dry Measure 49
48
48
Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefixes
Suffixes
50
50
54
Pregnancy Categories
57
Professional Titles
59
Retail Hardcopy Information
63
Patient Information 63
Expiration Date of Prescriptions
CONTENTS
63
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CONTENTS
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x
Roman Numerals
64
Inappropriate Medications
for Seniors
68
Antianxiety Agents 68
Antiemetic Agents 68
Antidepressant Agents 68
Antihypertensive Agents 69
Narcotic Analgesics 69
Sedative–Hypnotic Agents 70
Sulfonylurea 70
Temperature Scales
71
24-Hour Clock
72
Pharmacy Organizations
75
State Boards of Pharmacy
76