GOAL FOUR
NOMENCLATURE
Monatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions
Common Ions
Ionic Compounds
Binary Covalent Compounds
Acids
IONS
 Review of definition
- Atoms that have gained or loss
one or more electrons resulting in
a charge.
 Review of types of ions
- Cations
- Anions
IONS
 Monatomic v. Polyatomic Ions
- A single atom with a charge.
- A group of atoms with a charge.
 Examples:
- Ca2+
N3- SO42- OH1-
MONATOMIC IONS
 Naming of Monatomic Cations
1. Name the element
2. If the element has only one
possible ion, write the word ion.
Which ones have only one ion?
Gp. I, Gp. II, Al, Ga, In, Zn, Cd and Ag
MONATOMIC IONS
 Naming of Monatomic Cations
1. Name the element.
2. If the element has more than one
possible ion, write the roman
numeral that corresponds to the
charge of the ion then the word
ion.
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Ba2+
1. Element Name
 Barium
2. Location of ion
 One type of ion
Barium ion
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Ag1+
1. Element Name
 Silver
2. Location of ion
 One type of ion
Silver ion
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Cu1+
1. Element Name
 Copper
2. Location of ion
 Multiple ions
Copper (I) ion
MONATOMIC IONS
 Naming Monatomic Anions
1. Determine the element.
2. Write the root word for the
element.
3. Write the suffix –ide then the
word ion.
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Br11. Element
 bromine
2. Root word
 bromo3. Suffix and ion
bromide ion
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
N31. Element
 nitrogen
2. Root word
 nitro3. Suffix and ion
nitride ion
MONATOMIC IONS
 Writing Monatomic Cations
1. Write the element symbol.
2. Locate the element:
 If the ion has one charge, write it in
superscript form.
 If ion has more than one charge,
use the roman numeral as the
charge and write it in superscript
form.
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Lithium ion
1. Element symbol
 Li
2. Location of element
 Gp. 1 – 1+
Li1+
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Aluminum ion
1. Element symbol
 Al
2. Location of element
 Special element – 3+
Al3+
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Cobalt (II) ion
1. Element symbol
 Co
2. Location of element
 Varying charges – 2+
Co2+
MONATOMIC IONS
 Writing Monatomic Anions
1. Write element symbol.
2. Locate the element to determine
the charge and write it in
superscript form.
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Carbide ion
1. Element symbol
 C
2. Location of element
 Gp. 14 – 4-
C4-
MONATOMIC IONS
EXAMPLES:
Selenide ion
1. Element symbol
 Se
2. Location of element
 Gp. 16 – 2-
Se2-
POLYATOMIC IONS
 Naming and Writing Polyatomic
Ions
1. Find the list of polyatomic ions in
your book or memorize.
 College Prep – p. 123
 Honors – p. 171
2. The polyatomic ions that you are
responsible for are:
POLYATOMIC IONS
Ammonium ion
NH41+
Hydroxide ion
Cyanide ion
Acetate ion
Nitrate ion
Nitrite ion
OH1CN1C2H3O21NO31NO21-
POLYATOMIC IONS
Carbonate ion
Sulfate ion
Sulfite ion
CO32SO42SO32-
Phosphate ion
PO43-
COMMON IONS
 Certain cations have kept the
“old” nomenclature of ions.
 The original name of the element
is used.
 The suffix of –ous means that the
lesser positive ion is represented.
 The suffix of –ic means that the
more positive ion is represented.
COMMON IONS
EXAMPLES:
Ferric ion
1. Latin derivative of:
 Iron (ferrum) - Fe
2. Possible ions:
 2+, 3+
Fe3+
COMMON IONS
EXAMPLES:
Stannous ion
1. Latin derivative of:
 Tin (stannum) - Sn
2. Possible ions:
 2+, 4+
Sn2+
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Ionic compounds are neutral
compounds formed when two
oppositely charge ions attract to
each other.
(electrostatic nature of matter)
IONIC COMPOUNDS
 Writing Ionic Compounds
1. Write the symbol and charge of
the cation. (previous rules)
2. Write the symbol and charge of
the anion. (previous rules)
3. Perform the X-Method
4. Clean up your subscripts.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Calcium chloride
 Cation
- Ca2+
 Anion
- Cl1-
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Calcium chloride
 X-Method
- Ca2+ Cl1- Ca1Cl2
 Clean Up
CaCl2
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Chromium (III) phosphate
 Cation
- Cr3+
 Anion
- PO43-
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Chromium (III) phosphate
 X-Method
- Cr3+ PO43- Cr3(PO4)3
 Clean Up
CrPO4
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Lead (IV) oxide
 Cation
- Pb4+
 Anion
- O2-
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Lead (IV) oxide
 X-Method
- Pb4+ O2- Pb2O4
 Clean Up
PbO2
IONIC COMPOUNDS
 Naming Ionic Compounds
1. Name the cation (previous rules)
– may have to calculate the ionic
charge
2. Name the anion (previous rules)
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
AlPO4
 Cation
- aluminum
 Roman Numerals?
- no
 Anion
- phosphate
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Aluminum phosphate
IONIC COMPOUNDS
If the cation has multiple charges,
you must calculate the charge of
the ion.
The following steps can be used to
determine the charge of the
cation.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
 Determine number of cations.
 Determine number of anions.
 Determine the charge of the
anion.
 Draw a line under the compound.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
 Calculate the overall negative
charge of the anion.
 Set an equation equal to zero.
 Calculate the overall positive
charge of the cation.
 Calculate the cation charge.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Ni(NO3)2
 Cation
- nickel
 Roman Numerals?
- yes
 Anion
- nitrate
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Nickel (II) nitrate
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Sn(SO4)2
 Cation
- tin
 Roman Numerals?
- yes
 Anion
- sulfate
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Tin (IV) sulfate
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Ti2S3
 Cation
- titanium
 Roman Numerals?
- yes
 Anion
- sulfide
IONIC COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Titanium (III) sulfide
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
Covalent compounds are neutral
compounds formed when two or
more atoms share their valence
electrons.
 Nonmetal combines with nonmetal
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
 Writing Binary Covalent Compounds
1. Write the element symbol for the first
nonmetal.
2. Write the subscript needed.
3. Write the symbol for the second
nonmetal.
4. Write the subscript needed.
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
 Subscripts and Prefixes
Mono – 1
Di – 2
Tri – 3
Tetra – 4
Penta – 5
Hexa – 6
Hepta – 7
Octa – 8
Nona – 9
Deca – 10
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Dinitrogen monoxide
 First nonmetal: N
 Subscript: 2
 Second Nonmetal: O
 Subsript: 1
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
N 2O
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Selenium hexafluoride
 First nonmetal: Se
 Subscript: 1
 Second Nonmetal: F
 Subsript: 6
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
SeF6
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
Dinitrogen tetroxide
 First nonmetal: N
 Subscript: 2
 Second Nonmetal: O
 Subsript: 4
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
N2O4
 Do not reduce subscripts for binary
covalent compounds.
 The ratio is correct for the number of
atoms present to share the electrons
correctly.
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
 Naming Binary Covalent
1.
2.
3.
4.
Compounds
Determine the prefix needed.
Name the first nonmetal.
Determine the prefix needed.
Name the second nonmetal as if it
were a monatomic anion.
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:
P2O3
 Prefix – di
 Element name – phosphorus
 Prefix – tri
 Element name as anion – oxide
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
Diphosphorus trioxide
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:




NCl3
Prefix – none needed
Element name – nitrogen
Prefix – tri
Element name as anion – chloride
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
Nitrogen trichloride
 Never use the prefix mono for the
first nonmetal.
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLES:




CO
Prefix – none needed
Element name – carbon
Prefix – mono
Element name as anion – oxide
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
ANSWER:
Carbon monoxide
 Never use the prefix mono for the
first nonmetal.
 Always use the prefix of mono for
the second nonmetal.
ACIDS
 Acids are compounds that begin
with hydrogen.
 Monoprotic v. Polyprotic
– Monoprotic acids have one acidic
hydrogen.
– Polyprotic acids have more than one
acidic hydrogen.
ACIDS
 Binary Acids v. Ternary Acids
– Binary acids have no oxygen.
– Ternary acids contain oxygen
(oxyacids)
ACIDS
 Naming Binary Acids
1. Write the prefix hydro-.
2. Use the root word of the anion.
3. Write the suffix –ic.
4. Write the word acid.
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
HI
1. Hydro2. -iodo3. -ic
Hydroiodic acid
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
H3P
1. Hydro2. -phosphor3. -ic
Hydrophosphoric acid
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
HCN
1. Hydro2. -cyana3. -ic
Hydrocyanic acid
ACIDS
 Writing Binary Acids
1. Write H1+
2. Write the anion’s symbol and
charge.
3. Perform the X-method.
4. Clean up the subscripts.
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Hydrosulfuric acid
1. H1+
2. S2H2S
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Hydrochloric acid
1. H1+
2. Cl1HCl
ACIDS
 Naming Ternary Acids
1. Use the root word of the anion.
2. Write the suffix –ic or -ous.
 If the anion ends in –ate, use –ic.
 If the anion ends in –ite, use –ous.
3. Write the word acid.
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
H2SO4
1. sulfur2. -ic
Sulfuric acid
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
HNO2
1. nitro2. -ous
Nitrous acid
ACIDS
 Writing Ternary Acids
1. Write H1+
2. Write the anion’s symbol and
charge.
3. Perform the X-method.
4. Clean up the subscripts.
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Acetic acid
1. H1+
2. C2H3O21HC2H3O2
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Phosphoric acid
1. H1+
2. PO43H3PO4
ACIDS
EXAMPLES:
Chlorous acid
1. H1+
2. ClO21HClO2