The Economic and Employment
Contributions of Unconventional Gas
Development in State Economies
Prepared for:
AMERICA'S NATURAL GAS ALLIANCE
Submitted by:
IHS Inc.
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
June 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
About IHS (ihs.com)
IHS Inc. (NYSE: IHS) is a leading source of information and insight in critical areas that shape today's business landscape, including energy and power; design and supply chain; defense, risk and security; environmental, health and safety, and sustainability; country and industry forecasting; and commodities, pricing and cost. IHS has been in business since 1959 and
became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange in 2005. Headquartered in Englewood, Colorado,
USA, IHS employs more than 5,100 people in more than 30 countries around the world.
About IHS Global Insight
IHS Global Insightis one of the leading economic analysis and forecasting firms in the world. With over 600 economists, statisticians, and industry specialists in 25 offices worldwide, IHS Global Insight has an established track record for providing rigorous, objective forecast analysis and data to governments and businesses around the world.
Among our areas of expertise are the economic impact, tax implications, and job-creation dynamics within multiple sectors
core to national, state and local economies. It helps governments and companies at all levels interpret the impact of proposed investments, policies, programs, and projects.
IHS Global Insight was formed by the merger of DRI and WEFA. Still active in an advisory capacity to the firm is the original
founder of WEFA, Lawrence R. Klein, the 1980 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
For more information, contact:
Richard F. Fullenbaum
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
Richard.Fullenbaum@ihs.com
John W. Larson
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
John.Larson@ihs.com
For press information, contact:
Jim Dorsey
Senior Manager Media Relations, IHS
Jim.Dorsey@ihs.com
IHS
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
© 2012 IHS. All information contained herein is obtained by IHS Inc. from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. All forecasts and predictions contained herein are believed by IHS, Inc. to be as accurate as the data and methodologies will allow. However, because of the possibilities of human and mechanical error, as well as other factors such as unforeseen and unforeseeable
changes in political and economic circumstances beyond IHS's control, the information herein is provided "as is" without warranty of
any kind and IHS Inc., AND ALL THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED TO ANY SUBSCRIBER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY AS TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS,
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY OF THE INFORMATION OR FORECASTS CONTAINED HEREIN.
ii
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Project Team
Authors
Mohsen Bonakdarpour, Director, Economic Analysis and Planning, IHS Consulting
John W. Larson, Vice President, Public Sector, IHS Consulting
Contributors
Tabitha M. Bailey, Project Manager and Senior Associate, Public Sector, IHS Consulting
Richard F. Fullenbaum, Special Advisor and Vice President, Public Sector, IHS Consulting
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge IHS Cambridge Energy Research Associates (IHS CERA) on which we have relied
for oil and gas expertise and analysis. For the data on oil and gas production, holdings, and reserves, we have used
IHS CERA's extensive oil and gas databases. In particular, we want to thank Dr. Mary Barcella, Director and North
American Natural Gas and team leader, IHS CERA; Samuel Andrus, Director, North American Natural Gas, IHS
CERA; and James Osten, Director, North American Natural Gas, IHS CERA.
We also would also like to thank the additional subject matter experts, technical experts, industry experts and analysts who have contributed to this study:
Parker Andrews, John Anton, Rick Chamberlain, Laura Hand, Miguel Goncalves, Samantha Gross, Yanni
He, Dewey Johnson, Rafael McDonald, Joe Michael, Michael Montgomery, Walter Moody, John Mothersole, Shane Norton, Sunaina Ocalan, Rajeevee Panditharatna, Frantz Price, Surya Rajan, Curtis Smith,
Tom Runiewicz, Mark Wegenka, and Steve Zinger.
IHS offers an independent assessment of the importance unconventional gas to the overall US economy. This
research was supported by the America's Natural Gas Alliance (ANGA). IHS is exclusively responsible for all of
the analysis and content contained herein. The analyses and metrics developed during the course of this research are intended to contribute to the national dialogue on the role of unconventional gas in terms of production, employment, economic growth, and energy security.
IHS
iii
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Executive Summary: The Economic and Employment Contributions of Unconventional
Gas Development in State Economies
In our 2009 study, "The Contributions of the Natural Gas Industry to the US National and State Economies,"
IHS examined the US economic and employment contributions of the natural gas industry's conventional
and unconventional drilling and production activities. Our subsequent study released in December 2011,
"The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the United States," furthered this research by
focusing on the economic benefits to the nation of the natural gas industry's unconventional shale activity.
This study, "The Economic and Employment Contributions of Unconventional Gas Development in State
Economies" examines the natural gas industry's unconventional gas activities—gas production from shale
formations, tight sands and coal bed methane (CBM)—at the state level. The report assesses the economic
benefits of this growth, including the employment contributions for each of the US lower 48 states and the
District of Columbia through 2035. These projections are based on the assumption that there are no significant changes to the current levels of environmental regulations at the federal or state level throughout
the forecast horizon.
Unconventional gas activity is having a dramatic impact on employment and economic growth across the US lower
48 states and the District of Columbia, in terms of jobs and its contribution to gross state product (GSP) and, by
extension, US gross domestic product (GDP). This reflects the significant capital intensity required to develop unconventional gas resources, the ability to source inputs from a coast-to-coast network of suppliers and professional
services around the United States, and the high quality of the jobs created by this activity.
Unconventional gas is expected to lead future growth in US natural gas productive capacity. By 2015, the share of
US natural gas produced from unconventional sources will increase to 67% and, by 2035, will reach 79%. Increased unconventional gas activity will contribute to capital investment, job opportunities, economic growth, government revenue, and lower prices across the country including:
•
Nearly $3.2 trillion in investments in the development of unconventional gas are expected to fuel the increase
in production between 2010 and 2035.
•
In 2010, unconventional gas activity supported 1 million jobs; this will grow to nearly 1.5 million jobs in 2015
and to over 2.4 million in 2035.
•
By 2015, unconventional gas activities will contribute nearly $50 billion in federal, state and local government
tax and federal royalty revenue; between 2010 and 2035, continued development of unconventional gas will
generate a cumulative total of nearly $1.5 trillion in federal, state, and local tax and royalty revenue.
This study, which focuses on 58 unconventional gas plays across the lower 48 US states, assesses their economic
impact on each individual state. Three types of gas plays are analyzed in this report: natural gas extracted from shale
formations, tight sands, and CBM. These are referred to collectively throughout this report as "unconventional gas."1
The following are highlights of this study's findings regarding the economic contributions to individual states, in terms
of jobs, GSP, and tax revenue paid to federal, state and local governments as a result of unconventional gas activity:
•
Over the projection horizon, there are 20 "producing" states for unconventional gas—comprised of 13 states that
have both existing and new well completion and production activities and seven additional states that have production activity associated with existing unconventional gas wells. Together, unconventional gas activity in these
producing states contributed more than 826,000 jobs in 2010 and that number will grow to nearly 1.2 million
jobs by 2015.
1 The major distinction between conventional and unconventional natural gas has to do with the permeability (or lack thereof) of the source
rock in which they are contained. In a conventional natural gas reservoir, natural gas has migrated upward from its source rock through other
permeable rocks until it has become trapped by an impermeable layer of rock. Unconventional natural gas is contained in source rock of low
permeability, and hence is unable to move at all out of the source rock. Given the increasingly dominant share of this type of natural gas production, the term 'unconventional' may no longer be appropriate, though it remains in common use.
IHS
v
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
•
According to US Bureau of Labor Statistics data, the majority of top-producing states have shown lower unemployment than the overall national average. In 2010, the Top 5 producing states' unemployment rates were 6.98.9%, compared with the national average of 9.6%.
•
Between 2010 and 2015, the Top 10 producing states—as ranked by employment generated by their unconventional gas activity—will experience a compound annual employment growth rate of nearly 8%. Pennsylvania
and Colorado are expected to lead in employment contribution growth, experiencing compound annual growth
rates of roughly 14% and 10% respectively. Total US employment is expected to grow at an average rate of 1.6%
during the same time period.
•
By 2015, the 20 producing states will contribute just over $41 billion in federal, state and local government tax
and federal royalty revenue. By 2035, these receipts will be nearly $72 billion.
•
Non-producing states—defined as the 28 states and the District of Columbia that do not include current or projected unconventional gas resource development—still benefit from their roles as suppliers in the unconventional gas expansion in the future. Together, in 2010, they contribute 18% of the total US employment generated
by unconventional gas activity and 17% of the resulting tax revenue. By 2035, employment and government revenues in these states grow more than two-fold.
The dramatic impact on employment and the economy from unconventional gas activity reflects its significant capital intensity requirements, the ability to source inputs from domestic sources, the coast-to-coast structure of the
supply chain, and the high quality of the jobs created.2 These economic contributions will be largely driven by activity in the 20 producing states with both new well completion and production or existing production. However, the
28 non-producing states that do not include projected unconventional gas development will still contribute nearly
one in every five jobs to the overall economy.
2 For more information, please see "The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the United States:"
http://www.ihs.com/info/ecc/a/shale-gas-jobs-report.aspx.
vi
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Jobs: Nearly 1.5 Million US Jobs by 2015—268,000 in Non-Producing States Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Government Revenue: Nearly $50 Billion Nationwide by 2015—$8 Billion in Non-Producing States . . .5
Value Added: Nearly $197 Billion in US GDP by 2015—$22 Billion from Non-Producing States . . . . . .6
Structure of the Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2. Methodology and Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Economic Contribution Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Data Requirements and Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Capital Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Modeling the State Economic Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
3. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
4. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Appendix A. Economic Contributions by State and Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
Employment Contribution: Alphabetical by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
Employment Contribution by State: Ranked by Total Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-8
Value Added Contribution: Alphabetical by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-14
Value Added Contribution by State: Ranked by Total Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-20
Labor Income Contribution: Alphabetical by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-26
Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-32
Appendix B. Economic Contributions by State, Industry, and Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
Employment Contribution by State and Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2
Value Added Contribution by State and Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-100
Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-198
Appendix C. Economic Contributions Excluding Cross-State Contributions by State and Year . . . . . . . .C-1
Employment Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
Value Added Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State . . . . . . . . . . .C-8
Labor Income Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State . . . . . . . . .C-14
Appendix D. The Economic and Employment Contributions of Non-Shale Unconventional Gas in
the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1
IHS
vii
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Overview
In our 2009 study “The Contributions of the Natural Gas Industry to the US National and State Economies,” IHS
examined the U.S economic and employment contributions of the entire natural gas industry, which includes both
conventional and unconventional activities. Our subsequent study, “The Economic and Employment Contributions
of Shale Gas in the United States,” furthered this research by focusing on the natural gas industry’s unconventional shale activity for the nation. As a companion to that report, this study examines the natural gas industry’s unconventional activities—namely gas production from shale, tight sands and CBM—at a state level to assess the
economic and employment contributions in each of the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia through 2035.
The projections presented within this report are based on the assumption that there are no significant changes to
the current levels of environmental regulations at the federal or state level throughout the forecast horizon.
To understand the economic and employment contributions at the state level, we begin with a national perspective of the total unconventional gas activity. The economic contributions associated with all unconventional gas activities are significant. Rapid development of these unconventional resources is projected to fundamentally alter
US sources of natural gas production for decades to come. In fact, in 2010 alone, unconventional gas activity already represented 53% of total US gas production and is projected to rise to 79% by 2035. Fueling this increase
in the proportion of natural gas production from unconventional activity is a projected $3.2 trillion in cumulative
capital investments through 2035. These massive capital outlays, along with the promise of stable low natural gas
prices, will have profound national economic consequences including:
•
By 2015, the employment contributed by unconventional gas activity is projected to reach nearly 1.5 million
US jobs on a path to more than 2.4 million jobs by 2035.
•
By 2015, the annual contribution of unconventional gas activity to GDP is projected to reach nearly $197 billion and, by 2035, is expected to more than double to nearly $332 billion.
•
By 2015, government revenue provided by unconventional gas activity is projected to reach nearly $50 billion
and will continue to rise to nearly $86 billion by 2035. Over the entire 25-year projected horizon of this study,
this activity is expected to generate nearly $1.5 trillion in total government revenue.
In addition to its direct economic contributions,
U S E m p l o y m e n t C o n t r i b u tion, 2015
unconventional gas activity has fostered low and
Unconventional Gas (Number of workers)
stable gas prices that have additional positive
macroeconomic impacts. A simulation of IHS
Global Insight’s Macroeconomic Model of the
1,195,346
US Economy shows that current low and stable
gas prices in the near term will contribute to a
10% reduction in electricity costs, a rise in the
level of GDP that peaks at a 1.1% increase by
2013, and an 809,000 rise in employment by
2015. In the long run (beyond 15 years), the
equilibrating tendency of the economy will lessen
268,104
the relative beneficial impacts of low gas prices,
but they will continue to bring noteworthy benefits to the industrial sectors. For example, improvements in the competitiveness of domestic
Non-Producing States
Producing States
manufacturers, due to lower natural gas and
Source: IHS Global Insight
electricity costs, will result in an initial 2.9% increase in industrial production by 2017 and
4.7% higher production by 2035 compared to the level of activity that would occur under a higher price scenario without unconventional gas.
IHS
1
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
The remainder of this study examines how
these national economic and employment contributions—from 58 US unconventional gas
plays—are distributed across the lower 48 US
States and the District of Columbia. It finds that
traditional oil and gas states like Texas and
Louisiana will lead the way in terms of the economic benefits they will receive from unconventional gas activity. However, by 2015, many of
these economic benefits—including employment (268,000), value added to GDP ($22 billion), and tax revenue ($8 billion)—will be
realized in states that do not have any unconventional gas production activity (“non-producing” states), but instead will benefit from the
purchases of supplies and services from businesses across the United States.
This report provides a detailed analysis of how
these economic contributions will be distributed
among the various states. The ability of each
state to share in the benefits of increasing production of unconventional gas will be determined by a number of critical factors, including
its natural resource endowment, the regulatory
environment, its underlying industrial base, its
capital and labor composition, and the diversity
of its overall economy.
U S V a l u e A d d e d C o n t r i b u t i o n t o GDP, 2015
Unconventional Gas ($M)
174,037
22,479
Non-Producing States
Producing States
Source: IHS Global Insight
C o n t r i b u t i o n t o U S G o v e r n m e n t R evenue, 2015
Unconventional Gas ($M)
41,090
This study was performed on a state-by-state
basis and results are presented in their entirety
8,246
in appendices A, B and C. However, to summarize the findings across the lower 48 states and
the District of Columbia, the results are presented in two distinct groups. First are the 20
Non-Producing States
Producing States
“producing” states where natural gas producSource: IHS Global Insight
tion is located. Of these producing states, 13
states have both existing and new well drilling
and production activities, and another seven states have existing unconventional gas wells in production, but no
anticipated new well drilling and development planned during the 25-year forecast horizon of this study.
Second are the 28 non-producing states and the District of Columbia. The commonality across these states is that
none of them currently has unconventional gas wells, nor are they projected to engage in unconventional gas drilling
and production activities during the forecast horizon of the study. It is important to note that this does not mean these
states lack the potential for resource development. Rather, with the currently available information, we assume there
will be no unconventional gas production occurring within these states during the forecast horizon. However, these
non-producing states are expected to greatly benefit from unconventional gas development in the future through a
complex network of supply chains, trade flows among the various producing states, and the income effects of earnings spent by workers benefitting directly or indirectly from natural gas production within these states.
2
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
In the following sections, the economic gains that will be generated by increased unconventional gas production
in the United States will be presented in terms of their contributions to employment, GDP, and federal, state and
local government revenue. For each of these categories of economic contributions, the report will break out and
compare gains between the producing and non-producing states. State-by-state details supporting these aggregate data can be found in Appendices A, B, and C.
Jobs: Nearly 1.5 Million US Jobs by 2015—268,000 in Non-Producing States Alone
The majority of US economic activity generated by unconventional gas production will take place in the 20 states
with natural gas resources. In these producing states, unconventional gas activity was responsible for creating
more than 826,000 jobs in 2010. We project these states will add nearly 400,000 additional jobs between 2010
and 2015, growing to nearly 1.2 million.
In both 2010 and 2015, the Top 10 producing states account for approximately 84% of the employment gains that
will be generated by all of the producing states, with Texas and Louisiana leading the way in terms of the absolute
numbers of jobs created. Between 2010 and 2015, the overall annual growth rate in employment for unconventional gas activity will be approximately 7.7%. Pennsylvania and Colorado will lead in terms of compound annual
employment growth, experiencing roughly 14% and 10% growth, respectively.
Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*
in Producing States vs. Non-P
Producing States
Top 10 Unconventional Gas* Producing States:
Employment Contribution**
(Number of workers)
(Number of workers)
Producing States**
Non-Producing States
US Total
2010
826,355
182,303
2015
1,195,346
268,104
2035
2,007,90
430,975
1,008,658
1,463,450
2,438,877
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and
coal bed methane.
**Producing states are the 20 states that have either new well completions and production or production from existing wells.
They include Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, and
Wyoming; the rest of the states are non-producing states.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Texas
Louisiana
Colorado
Pennsylvania
Arkansas
Wyoming
Ohio
Utah
Oklahoma
Michigan
Top 10 Total
Producing Total
US Total
2010
288,222
81,022
77,466
56,884
36,698
34,787
31,462
30,561
28,315
28,063
693,481
2015
385,318
124,782
126,525
111,024
53,919
45,763
41,366
36,593
41,763
37,926
1,004,979
2035
682,740
200,555
127,843
270,058
79,723
78,792
81,349
50,839
69,261
63,380
1,704,541
826,355
1,008,658
1,195,346
1,463,450
2,007,902
2,438,877
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and
coal bed methane.
**The rank for all years are based on the 2010 ranking.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Unconventional Gas Contributes to Lower Unemployment Rate in Producing States
Based on US Bureau of Labor Statistic data, the US unemployment rate registered 9.6% in 2010. All of the topproducing states, with the exception of Michigan and Ohio, have shown lower unemployment than the national
average. The Top 10 producing states' unemployment rates ranged from 0.7-2.7 percentage points lower than
the national average.
IHS
3
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
One of the most important findings from this study is the
fact that the economic contributions from unconventional
gas activity are not limited to states endowed with the
resources. For example, California does not directly produce unconventional gas, yet the economic activity associated with unconventional gas production supported
nearly 23,000 jobs in California in 2010; the state’s unconventional gas activity-related employment is expected
to increase to more than 33,000 jobs by 2015 and will
more than double to nearly 49,500 by 2035.
Top 10 Unconventional Gas* Non-P
Producing
States: Employment Contribution**
(Number of workers)
2010
22,773
15,758
13,294
12,031
11,377
10,819
9,608
9,271
8,519
7,008
120,459
2015
33,265
27,402
18,800
17,427
16,570
15,206
14,285
14,499
12,323
10,263
180,042
2035
49,494
30,903
29,262
30,105
28,271
26,837
24,871
22,638
21,487
16,634
280,503
182,303
1,008,658
268,104
1,463,450
430,975
2,438,877
California
Florida
Georgia
Missouri
North Carolina
Indiana
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Tennessee
Maryland
Top 10 Total
Non-Producing Total
US Total
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and
coal bed methane.
**The rank for all years are based on the 2010 ranking.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Unconventional Gas Fuels States' Economic Recoveries
As the nation's economic recovery continues, state labor markets are expected to exhibit different growth patterns that will be determined by their industrial initiatives. During the next few years, IHS Global Insight's outlook
for state economies shows that four out of the five states with the strongest employment growth will either be
unconventional gas producers or will appear on top of the list of non-producing states. The five states are North
Dakota, Utah, Colorado, Florida, and Texas—all of them are expected to have annual employment growth that
exceeds 2% through 2015.
While IHS Global Insight expects economic conditions to improve over the next few years, with average US unemployment falling to 6.8% by 2015, top producing states' unemployment rates will outperform the national average.
Employment Composition Varies in Producing and Non-Producing States
The employment contributions and the types of jobs created by the natural gas industry's unconventional gas
activity vary between the producing and non-producing states. The main reasons for these differences are the
scope of direct industrial activity, the location of capital goods that are purchased, the supply chain, and the income ramifications throughout the economy.
In the producing states, a greater proportion of the total jobs generated are found in direct production or key support industries of unconventional gas activity. In Arkansas, for example, 30% of all of employment associated with
unconventional gas is found in the mining sector, followed by other key industries such as construction, trade,
and manufacturing. Alternatively, in non-producing states, more employment is generated in supplier networks
that support the unconventional gas activity. In California, 47% and 30% of employment, respectively, is in the
service sector and in manufacturing.
4
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Government Revenue: Nearly $50 Billion Nationwide by 2015—$8 Billion in
Non-Producing States
Our study estimates nearly $34 billion in annual tax receipts in 2010 by federal, state
and local governments. Total annual receipts will approach $50 billion by 2015
and exceed $85 billion by 2035—more
than doubling 2010 levels. On a cumulative
basis between 2010 and 2015, unconventional activity is projected to contribute
nearly $208 billion in total tax revenue; over
the 25-year forecast horizon, IHS projects
nearly $1.5 trillion in total revenue3.
Contribution to US Government Revenue of Unconventional
Gas* in Producing States vs. Non-P
Producing States
($M)
Producing States***
Non-Producing States
2010
28,034
5,758
2015
41,090
8,246
2035 2010-2035**
71,806
1,255,034
13,317
243,701
US Total
33,793
49,335
85,123
1,498,734
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
**2010-2035 represents the total for all years including those years not reported.
***Producing states are the 20 states that have either new well completions and production or
production from existing wells. They include Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wyoming; the rest of the states
are non-producing states.
Source: IHS Global Insight
The majority of the government revenue
generated by unconventional gas production will occur in the 20 producing states. The revenue derives not only from personal, corporate, federal, state, and
local taxes but also from severance, ad valorem, and royalty payments, which are particular to unconventional gas
activity. Combined, the unconventional gas activity in these producing states is projected to contribute $41 billion
in all types of government tax and related revenue by 2015 and nearly $72 billion to annual receipts by 2035.
Unconventional Gas Activity Makes Large Contributions to State Budgets
In 2010, the education budget for the state of Texas was $81 billion and healthcare spending registered $40 billion. Unconventional gas activity generated state and local revenues of $5 billion—representing 6 percent of the
education and 13 percent of the healthcare budget.
Colorado allocated $12 billion to education in 2010—in comparison, the unconventional gas industry generated
$1.6 billion state and local revenue, which equals 13 percent of its education budget.
The Top 10 producing states provide a substantial share
of total payments to governments at the federal, state
and local level. Unconventional gas activity in these 10
states will generate over $24 billion in total taxes in
2010—72% of all tax revenue generated by unconventional gas activity in all of the producing states. The producing states’ share will continue to increase. By 2015,
unconventional gas activity in the Top 10 states will pay
about $36 billion—or nearly 73% of total tax receipts
from all unconventional activity. By 2035, they will pay
nearly $63 billion in taxes—or 74% of total government
revenues.
While traditional energy-producing states like Texas and
Louisiana will lead the way in generating government revenue from their unconventional gas activities, the nonproducing states will contribute a total of nearly $6 billion
in 2010 and are projected to pay over $8 billion by 2015.
Top 10 Unconventional Gas* Producing States:
Contribution to US Government Revenue**
($M)
Texas
Colorado
Wyoming
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
Arkansas
New Mexico
Oklahoma
New York
Michigan
Top 10 Total
2010
10,891
3,197
2,247
2,074
1,476
1,193
1,091
875
721
693
24,458
2015
14,757
4,434
3,362
3,897
3,505
1,792
1,045
1,310
1,038
884
36,025
2035
26,412
4,526
6,243
7,702
8,889
2,775
914
2,257
1,599
1,403
62,720
Producing Total
US Total
28,034
33,793
41,090
49,335
71,806
85,123
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and
coal bed methane.
**The rank for all years are based on the 2010 ranking.
Source: IHS Global Insight
3 Tax projections were based upon current tax structures and did not consider how changes to the current tax structure might impact these
projected receipts.
IHS
5
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
By 2035, receipts from all of the non-producing states
will surpass $13 billion. The Top 10 non-producing
states—like the producing states—also comprise a significant share of the total government revenue from all of
the non-producing states. In fact, at over $4 billion, these
10 states will contribute 74% of all government revenue
from non-producing states in 2010. By 2015, that share
will increase to more than $6 billion, or about 75% of the
total, due to the rapid expansion of support activities
supplied to producing states.
Top 10 Unconventional Gas* Non-P
Producing
States: Contribution to US Government Revenue**
($M)
California
Florida
Missouri
New Jersey
Georgia
Massachusetts
North Carolina
Minnesota
Indiana
Wisconsin
Top 10 Total
Non-Producing Total
US Total
2010
1,516
536
426
353
271
263
252
224
212
211
4,263
2015
2,237
886
594
475
364
391
300
350
275
315
6,188
2035
3,440
1,201
1,007
834
578
611
519
539
473
546
9,748
5,758
33,793
8,246
49,335
13,317
85,123
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and
coal bed methane.
**The rank for all years are based on the 2010 ranking.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Unconventional Natural Gas Important To Pennsylvania State Budget
Pennsylvania's 2010 state budget included $11 billion for public transportation and $9 billion for public safety and
criminal justice. A combination of corporations, businesses and individuals supporting unconventional natural
gas activity paid a combined total of $641 million in taxes to Pennsylvania state and local governments that year,
accounting for 6 percent of the state's transportation budget and 7 percent of spending on public safety and criminal justice.
Value Added: Nearly $197 Billion in US GDP by 2015—$22 Billion from Non-Producing
States
The commonly used measure of GDP, which is simply the
sum of the value added across all products and services
produced in the United States, is generally considered the
broadest measure of the health of the US economy. Value
added to US GDP is defined as the sum of labor incomes,
corporate profits, indirect business taxes paid, and depreciation.
Annual value added to GDP from unconventional gas activities was more than $133 billion in 2010 and, by 2015,
is projected to approach $200 billion. The majority of the
value added to GDP—nearly 90%—over the 25-year forecast horizon is generated by unconventional gas production activities that take place in the 20 producing states.
In 2010, the Top 10 producing states accounted for 78%
of the US total value added to GDP by unconventional
6
US Value Added Contribution of Unconventional
Gas* in Producing States vs. Non-P
Producing
States
($M)
Producing States**
Non-Producing States
2010
118,077
15,328
2015
174,037
22,479
2035
295,897
35,831
US Total
133,405
196,516
331,728
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and
coal bed methane.
**Producing states are the 20 states that have either new well completions and production or production from existing wells. They include Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wyoming; the rest
of the states are non-producing states.
Source: IHS Global Insight
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
An Economic Growth Engine in Producing
States
IHS Global Insight's outlook for Texas and Utah shows
that economic growth in these states will outperform all
other states. From 2010 to 2015, each state's economy is expected to grow more than 3.5% annually.
In Texas and Utah, the average employee in the unconventional gas and related industries will contribute
$167,000 and $94,000 in "value-added" to their respective state's economies in 2010 through 2015; this
outpaces the state's average employee contributions
of $111,000 and $90,000, respectively.
gas activity. By 2015, we project these Top 10 states will
add another $50 billion to GDP, valued at 78% of the unconventional gas activity’s total contribution to GDP.
Pennsylvania and Louisiana will lead the way with annual
growth in their contributions to GDP of 18.7% and
12.6%, respectively. By 2035, unconventional gas activity will add almost $332 billion to US GDP—with the Top
10 producing states accounting for 78% of the relative
contributions.
Overall, the non-producing states account for about
11%, on average, of the total value to US GDP throughout the forecast horizon. While the share of labor income
from the non-producing states is in line with their employment share, they do not make as large of a relative
contribution to GDP as the producing states. This is attributable to the fact that producing states are heavily influenced by the Oil and Gas sector which has high value
added (mostly dedicated to non-labor income).
Top 10 Unconventional Gas* Producing States:
Value Added Contribution**
($M)
Texas
Colorado
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
Wyoming
Arkansas
Oklahoma
New Mexico
Utah
Ohio
Top 10 Total
2010
47,995
12,258
11,020
7,121
6,760
4,910
4,008
3,356
3,126
3,045
103,600
2015
64,768
18,162
20,005
16,806
8,815
7,264
6,033
3,160
3,866
3,942
152,821
2035
111,089
17,485
37,759
42,438
14,735
10,540
9,905
2,589
5,343
7,921
259,805
Producing Total
US Total
118,077
133,405
174,037
196,516
295,897
331,728
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and
coal bed methane.
**The rank for all years are based on the 2010 ranking.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Top 10 Unconventional Gas* Non-P
Producing
States: Value Added Contribution**
($M)
California
Florida
Georgia
Missouri
Indiana
North Carolina
Minnesota
Wisconsin
Tennessee
New Jersey
Top 10 Total
Non-Producing Total
US Total
2010
2,192
1,163
1,147
1,057
957
909
796
783
683
640
10,326
2015
3,197
2,034
1,622
1,529
1,326
1,318
1,272
1,167
986
841
15,291
2035
4,617
2,266
2,398
2,616
2,331
2,185
1,937
2,044
1,727
1,406
23,527
15,328
133,405
22,479
196,516
35,831
331,728
NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and
coal bed methane.
**The rank for all years are based on the 2010 ranking.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
7
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Structure of the Report
This report is a companion to the previous national level report, “The Economic and Employment Contributions of
Shale Gas in the United States,” published by IHS in December 2011. The remainder of this report is divided into
the following four sections:
•
Section 1 provides a background and reports our findings.
•
Section 2 explains the methodology and approach that was used to develop the estimates economic activity
generated by each state’s unconventional gas activity. It is divided into two main parts—Energy and Economic
Contribution Assessment—each of which describes the inputs required to develop our final estimates.
•
Section 3 provides a snapshot of the results by state for 2010, 2015 and 2035 for the following four main concepts: employment, government revenue, value added to GDP, and labor income contributions.
•
Section 4 wraps up the report with important conclusions from its findings.
Additionally, we provide several appendices to both present more detailed results from our report and to facilitate
the readers’ understanding of the methodologies, research, and data relied upon for the analyses. The appendices
to the report are as follows:
8
•
Appendix A: Economic Contributions by State and Year provides six detailed tables by state for each of the
five-year increments presented. The concepts covered are employment contribution (both alphabetically and
ranked by total value for that year), value-added contribution (both alphabetically and ranked by total value for
that year), labor income contribution (alphabetical only), and government revenue.
•
Appendix B: Economic Contributions by State, Industry and Year breaks down the three main concepts—employment, value added to GDP, and labor income contribution—even further by industry such that the final tables are by state and industry for each of the five-year increments.
•
Appendix C: Economic Contributions Excluding Cross-State Contributions by State and Year provides three
detailed tables by state for each of the five-year increments; however, these tables differ in that the resulting
numbers do not include any cross-state contributions (this approach contrasts with Appendix A, which does
include these cross-state contributions). The concepts covered are employment, value-added and labor income
contribution, each of which is displayed alphabetically.
•
Appendix D: Find the report, “The Economic and Employment Contributions of Non-Shale Unconventional
Gas in the United States,” which presents the results from our analysis of total and non-shale unconventional
gas activity at the national level. It includes its own appendices (A through C) detailing the underlying methodology and detailed data related to the assumed future production profile and capital expenditure outlook for nonshale unconventional gas; the detailed results of the economic contribution assessment for non-shale
unconventional gas; and the data and modeling approach underlying the economic contribution analysis for
non-shale unconventional gas.
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
1. Background
The development of unconventional gas resources in the United States is credited with fundamentally changing the
outlook for domestic natural gas supply and price, with significant contributions to employment and the economy.
These have been documented in our report, “The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the
United States.”
This study provides an analysis of the distribution of these national results at the state level. The analysis takes into
account the broad distribution of unconventional gas development across a wide range of states. The results reflect careful analysis of each state’s production potential through 2035, based on IHS CERA’s analyses of each natural gas play and calculates the investment of capital, labor, and other inputs required to produce the gas at each
play. The economic effects of these investments are then calculated using IHS Global Insight’s proprietary economic
impact assessment and macroeconomic models, generating employment, value added to GDP, labor income, and
tax revenue resulting from the growth in the coming years of unconventional gas development.
IHS
9
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
2. Methodology and Approach
Energy
IHS CERA’s outlook for unconventional gas in the US lower 48 states includes production from 58 unconventional
gas plays nationwide: 21 shale plays, 23 tight sands gas plays, and 14 CBM plays.
10
Unconventional Gas Plays
Play Type
Geographic Extent of Play*
Barnett
Shale
Texas
Eagle Ford
Shale
Texas
Fayetteville
Shale
Arkansas
Haynesville (Arkla Basin)
Shale
Louisiana
ETB Haynesville
Shale
Texas
Marcellus
Shale
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, New York, Kentucky, Virginia
Woodford
Shale
Oklahoma
Barnett-Woodford
Shale
Texas
Utica
Shale
Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York
Floyd
Shale
Mississippi , Alabama
Bossier
Shale
Texas
Antrim
Shale
Michigan
Niobrara
Shale
Colorado
Baxter
Shale
Wyoming
Pierre
Shale
Colorado, New Mexico
Mancos
Shale
Colorado, New Mexico, Utah
Mesa Verde
Shale
Colorado, New Mexico, Utah
Upper Devonian
Shale
Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Ordovician
Shale
Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Devonian
Shale
Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia
Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous
Shale
Texas
Big Sandy
Tight Sands
Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia
Trenton-Black River
Tight Sands
Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
Cotton Valley
Tight Sands
Louisiana
Vernon/Terryville
Tight Sands
Louisiana
East Cotton Valley
Tight Sands
Texas
West Cotton Valley
Tight Sands
Texas
Deep Bossier
Tight Sands
Texas
Wilcox (Lobo)
Tight Sands
Texas
Granite Wash
Tight Sands
Texas, Oklahoma
Sahara
Tight Sands
Oklahoma
Colony Wash
Tight Sands
Arkansas
Hartshorne
Tight Sands
Oklahoma
Haley Deep
Tight Sands
Texas
Wattenberg-Niobrara-Codell
Tight Sands
Colorado
Piceance Emerging
Tight Sands
Colorado
Lower Cretaceous-Mesozoic
Tight Sands
Colorado
Natural Buttes
Tight Sands
Utah
Buttes Deep
Tight Sands
Utah
Lance
Tight Sands
Wyoming
Appalachian, avg
Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Unconventional Gas Plays
Play Type
Geographic Extent of Play*
Black Warrior - Pottsville
CBM
Alabama
Arkoma - Hartshorne
CBM
Oklahoma
Chatauqua
CBM
Oklahoma
Cherokee
CBM
Kansas
East Green River
CBM
Wyoming
LV Raton
CBM
Colorado, New Mexico
Piceance
CBM
Colorado
Big George
CBM
Wyoming, Montana
Wyodak
CBM
Wyoming, Montana
Canyon
CBM
Wyoming, Montana
Anderson
CBM
Wyoming, Montana
Uinta
CBM
Utah
San Juan
CBM
New Mexico, Colorado
*The list of gas plays provides the state location or locations of the full extent of the underground gas play. However, states containing part of a play do not
necessarily have production from that play. For example, the Marcellus play extends into Virginia and Kentucky, but no extractions of Marcellus gas take
place in those states at present or in the outlook for this study. This study also assumes that no Marcellus production is forthcoming from New York. A table
on capital expenditures found in the next section on Economic Contribution Assessment provides a more important guide for how the impacts of US unconventional gas development flow to different states.
The cost of drilling and constructing a well and putting it into operation is a critical component of the economic viability of developing any unconventional gas play, and costs to the industry vary. An unconventional gas well in a
shale or tight sands target may cost anywhere between $3.5 million and $12 million, while a well targeting CBM
may cost between $500,000 and $1.5 million. The cost of the well depends on several factors such as the vertical depth of the well bore, its lateral length, reservoir pressure, rock characteristics, and the number of fracture
stages, as well as commercial factors such as ease of access to materials and services, such as supplies of water,
proppant, drilling and completion services. Capital expenditures are undertaken for land, drilling, completion, facilities, gathering, processing, and compression. The development of a major play also requires the addition of pipeline
capacity to get the gas to market.
IHS CERA has estimated the costs associated with the production outlook for unconventional gas, which are based
on IHS databases and proprietary models detailed in our prior report, “The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the United States.” In this report, the production profiles were developed based on detailed
analyses of each unconventional gas play. The production possibilities were constrained to be consistent with IHS
CERA’s outlook for natural gas demand, price, and infrastructure, as reported in its “North American Natural Gas
Market Briefing” in September 2011. Well counts were estimated for each play consistent with the play-level production outlook, and capital expenditures associated with the well counts were estimated.
IHS CERA initially allocated the capital expenditures to individual states according to the geographic locations of
each play. For plays that cross state boundaries, the capital expenditures were prorated to provide allocations
among the states involved. The initial set of capital expenditures were further distributed to states where purchases
are actually undertaken. This methodology is described in the next section.
Infrastructure capital expenditures include expenditures for gathering lines and processing plants, as well as the
pipeline expansions required to connect new supply areas to consumers. Gathering and processing expenditures
were allocated to the states in the same way that well expenditures were allocated. Pipeline expansion costs and
allocations were based on the expansion requirements indicated by the Gas Pipeline Competition Model™, which
was used for the market analysis in the study.
IHS
11
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Economic Contribution Assessment
Data Requirements and Assumptions
In this economic contribution assessment, IHS Global Insight, with support from IHS CERA, compiled state-level
data of unconventional gas activity in the 20 US states (13 of which have current and future development) that
contain plays that extract natural gas from shale, tight sands, and CBM. Both the value of production and capital
expenditures were input, by state, into the model to conduct the economic analysis.
The following activities were determined to be major direct contributors:
•
Natural gas drilling
•
Natural gas extraction
•
Support activities and services required for oil and natural gas drilling and extraction
•
Construction of facilities, related materials and machinery for hydraulic fracturing and completions, and construction of natural gas pipeline
The primary analytical tool for this multi-state study is the same IMPLAN Input-Output model used, with the IHS
US Macroeconomic Model, in the overall US analysis. However, the architecture of the existing IMPLAN model
could not efficiently handle the computational complexity of a multi-state analysis in which each state is, within IMPLAN, effectively an independent geographic region. To adjust for this limitation, IHS Global Insight ran multiple, alternative versions of the IMPLAN multi-regional model and integrated the output with in-house proprietary database
to assess the indirect and induced economic contribution by industry and state. This fine-tuned methodology ensures that inputs that are not locally produced—or do not have a competitive advantage locally—are sourced from
other states creating economic “leakage” from one state to another. In the broader context, economic “leakage”
is explained as inter-regional activity in which the production requirements of a commodity (or a service) use inputs
produced in other states thus causing the economic impact to “leak” to other states and introducing a regional ripple effect.
The model framework used here was set up as a system of linked state economies. As a result, the sourcing of inputs for the development of unconventional gas activity will impact those states that do not have an unconventional
gas play within their borders. For example, the development of unconventional gas wells in Arkansas relies on
bank, insurance and securities services in New York and professional services primarily located in Texas. Capturing these connections highlights the indirect economic contribution even in states that lack unconventional gas
plays. The leakages also impact US GDP and employment multipliers, making them more accurate for states that
do have unconventional gas plays.
The IMPLAN model also produces “own-state” multipliers—that is, the indirect and induced impact that flow from
direct activity as a result of that state’s unconventional gas development but exclude any impact from the supplier
states providing services or products. Appendix C provides the results of this analysis, when cross-state ramifications are excluded.
In a given year, the volume of natural gas produced in each state is impacted by both the wells drilled during the
course of the year and by wells drilled in previous years that remained in operation. The monetary value of gas production volumes was calculated using the Henry Hub price. These values served as inputs to the oil and gas extraction industry in the corresponding states in the IMPLAN model.
Capital Expenditures
While the value of gas production is attributed only to states with unconventional gas plays, the allocation of capital expenditures among the 48 producing and non-producing states is more involved. Capital expenditures act as
direct impacts at both the state and industry levels. The complexity lies in the fact that a portion of that spending
12
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
may be allocated to states that do not have unconventional gas plays. This spending will trigger indirect and induced
impacts in these states as they provide goods and services. To ensure that these effects are included in the economic analysis, IHS Global Insight used industry input, IHS Global Insight’s in-house expertise and proprietary databases, and extensive additional research to arrive at the best possible methodology for allocating capital
expenditures among different states.
The first step, as in the national study, was to map the capital expenditure breakdown for the categories specified
by the IMPLAN model. Capital expenditure and support services for natural gas drilling correspond to industry sectors within the IMPLAN model. However, the breakdowns for drilling, completion, facilities, gathering, processing,
pipeline construction, and liquid natural gas exports were mapped to many other categories of the model.
The research, expertise and input from industry sources were integrated with an interstate trade-flow database to
determine the sources of various products and services by state. For example, it is evident that unconventional gas
extraction requires special sand for hydraulic fracturing that is produced primarily in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ohio,
and Arkansas. Since not all states with unconventional gas plays produce these unusual sands, they must import
them from other states and are assumed to do so in the model. IHS’s trade-flow database was one of many sources
used to determine the origin and destination of the various materials and equipment on a state level basis.
This process was undertaken for all the products in the 13 states with current and future drilling in unconventional
gas plays. The final set of capital expenditures, by various products and services, and, if applicable the value of production, was input into 44 IMPLAN state models to assess the contribution on each individual state’s economy.
The following table presents the distribution of capital expenditures, by state, for all unconventional gas.
IHS
13
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Annual Capital Expenditures: Unconventional Gas*
($Th)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
2010
88,198
92
1,674,752
1,792,229
4,326,768
2,199
87,721
474,246
273,702
2,929
789,017
183,532
78,210
168,896
302,190
5,261,222
2,084
40,153
1,100,916
80,105
11,572
1,396,689
326
41,164
261,370
11,524
227,351
507,570
111,869
13,220
1,749,294
2,034,698
147,021
3,137,275
9,243
3,106
50,525
20,985,288
2,189,541
238,551
18
1,181,468
45,641
1,488,366
2015
298,134
110
2,476,340
2,766,315
10,110,603
3,067
112,401
1,289,315
374,289
7,544
1,089,138
226,242
180,845
355,504
310,017
6,772,454
2,808
54,355
1,749,145
215,268
450,321
2,276,124
1,562
112,785
21,791
15,960
230,677
657,168
122,330
0
2,176,777
3,635,595
100,742
4,493,278
2,469
8,949
27,384
31,831,564
2,885,964
261,814
52
1,643,809
85,488
3,525,542
2020
211,635
25,457
3,085,442
3,301,097
11,969,358
5,260
188,339
732,600
243,848
8,978
1,630,895
374,257
229,437
429,051
433,158
6,298,067
4,769
92,443
2,643,963
252,339
246,439
3,265,169
3,952
133,865
90,592
27,318
371,154
803,839
204,222
36,564
3,551,881
4,852,863
111,455
7,655,977
21,222
10,666
55,263
46,217,167
3,381,468
416,916
131
2,696,010
121,625
4,178,904
2025
123,635
67,596
3,624,901
3,611,178
11,463,671
5,484
195,549
311,469
83,628
12,169
1,769,409
390,165
278,192
482,980
479,157
7,076,555
4,989
96,653
2,843,977
250,066
160,795
3,814,038
4,167
172,504
33,285
28,499
375,067
1,073,100
207,597
0
3,687,076
5,646,081
96,564
7,949,314
8,340
14,653
43,331
53,187,694
4,033,959
446,013
138
2,854,824
140,719
5,552,087
2030
258,901
175
4,372,585
4,218,463
12,026,623
7,652
269,226
1,389,372
388,887
15,959
2,310,066
533,868
358,615
571,271
599,869
7,954,937
6,931
134,356
3,675,159
270,750
165,182
4,818,032
4,360
221,395
41,055
39,728
500,846
1,193,464
281,826
0
4,974,479
7,074,172
92,235
11,025,053
12,151
19,439
52,480
67,419,993
4,730,273
601,777
144
3,904,395
187,488
7,222,197
2035
97,145
200
5,270,629
4,860,867
13,361,154
11,980
415,616
357,554
55,700
19,849
3,222,471
817,060
464,589
673,717
793,877
9,164,785
10,788
209,295
5,009,391
307,869
148,872
5,972,064
4,789
274,189
51,288
62,128
751,713
1,392,301
427,600
0
7,416,145
8,725,802
96,491
17,034,074
6,837
24,460
50,297
82,530,724
5,223,302
898,362
158
5,944,282
259,761
8,968,134
US Total
52,571,853
82,962,040
110,615,055
122,701,270
153,945,828
191,388,309
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
14
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Modeling the State Economic Contribution
The multi-regional capability of the IMPLAN model estimated the economic contributions of unconventional gas production and capital spending at the state level. The methodology assessed not only the contribution to states with
unconventional gas production but also non-producing states affected directly (via capital expenditures) or indirectly
(via cross-state trade flows) by the producing states’ activity. The IMPLAN model calculated the contribution to
states with unconventional gas production and/or allocated direct capital spending. However, indirect and induced
impacts were determined using various analytical tools: the IMPLAN model, IHS Global Insight’s trade-flow databases for product groupings, and IHS Business Market Insight for services categories. The process was repeated
for each state with unconventional gas production and for those states affected by direct capital spending (a subset of non-producing states). Finally, all of the state-by-industry direct, indirect and induced contributions to employment, value added to GDP, labor income, and government revenue were calibrated with the national results.
Starting with the IMPLAN Multi Regional Analysis (MRA) capability, each of the state models were simulated using
production and/or capital expenditures depending on whether the state is a producing state or not. The MRA results were obtained for each state with direct production and/or capital expenditures as well as for all states that
experience cross border impacts (leakages). The cross border contributions on the other states include both supply chain (indirect) and income (induced) effects. To ensure these impacts were traced to the best possible source
location, IHS used its point-to-point commodity trade database (Transearch) and establishment location database
(Business Market Insight) to determine the distribution of cross border contributions by state and industry. Finally,
all of the state-by-state level results were calibrated with the national results to report a consistent and cohesive
set of contributions by state and industry.
State-L
Level Enhanced Economic Contribution Methodology Schematic
States with Unconventional
Gas Plays
States with Distributed Capital
Expenditures
IMPLAN
St t MRA Models
State
M d l
Contribution
b
on States
With Unconventional
Gas Plays or Distributed
Capital Expenditures
Cross Border
Contributions on All
Other States
Commodity
Trade
d Database
b
(TRANSEARCH)
Indirect and
Induced Impacts
Impacts by Industry
and Type
(All States)
National
Impact
IHS Business
Market Insight
Calibration
IHS
15
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
3. Results
The analysis of unconventional gas development and its contribution to the US regional economies was conducted
using a top-down/bottom-up approach. The contribution was assessed separately for direct, indirect, and induced
contributions defined as follow:
•
Direct contributions of unconventional gas are those activities required to explore, produce, transport, and deliver natural gas to consumers or to provide critical supplies or onsite services that support unconventional
gas activity.
•
Indirect contributions are defined as activities in outside industries that supply equipment, material and services for the development of unconventional gas and its tier suppliers.
•
Induced contributions are the economic effects caused by workers spending their wages and salaries on consumer goods and household items.
This IHS Global Insight study was performed on a state-by-state basis. However, to summarize the findings across
the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia, the results are presented in two distinct groups.
First are the 20 so-called “producing” states. Of these, 13 states have both existing and new well drilling and production activities, and another seven states have economic activity from their existing unconventional gas wells, but
no new well drilling and development is anticipated over the course of our forecast horizon.
Second are the “non-producing” states, of which there are 28 in the lower 48 states; our analysis also includes the
District of Columbia. These states benefit from unconventional gas development through supply chains, trade flows
with the various producing and non-producing states, and the income effects of earnings spent within these states.
Direct activity in the producing states includes new well drilling and completion, unconventional gas production, and
spending on various capital equipment and commodities for unconventional gas activity. Many of these states have
built strong support industries, and they participate in the unconventional gas supply chain. The direct contribution
from direct and indirect activity
Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas* in Producing States vs.
associated with unconventional
Non-P
Producing States**: 2015
gas production is further ampli(Number of workers)
fied on income and will fuel conProducing States
Non-Producing States
All States
sumer
expenditures—the
Direct
309,070
24,709
333,779
induced impact.
Indirect
374,296
105,191
479,487
650,184
While most of the capital spendTotal
1,195,346
268,104
1,463,450
ing is undertaken in the producing states, non-producing states NOTES: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
states are the 20 states that have either new well completions and production or production
will benefit directly from pur- **Producing
from existing wells. They include Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michichases of goods and services gan, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia,
that constitute the capital West Virginia, and Wyoming; the rest of the states are non-producing states.
Source: IHS Global Insight
spending that supports unconventional gas activity. Some of the capital goods industries in the non-producing states will have competitive advantages over the producing states, which will cause spending to leak out to those states. In addition,
non-producing states actively participate in the supply chain and will contribute to the indirect impact and expenditure induced impact.
Induced
511,980
138,204
The tables on the following pages show the state-by-state results for employment, value added to GDP and government revenue for all 48 states and the District of Columbia in the primary forecast years: 2010, 2015, and 2035.
More detailed tables are provided in the appendices.
16
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of
Unconventional Gas* Summary
US State-L
Level Government Revenue Contribution of
Unconventional Gas* Summary
(Number of workers)
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
2010
8,675
6,918
36,698
22,773
77,466
5,017
1,681
905
15,758
13,294
1,841
25,773
10,819
5,183
5,353
10,870
81,022
1,666
7,008
4,968
28,063
9,271
3,259
12,031
1,591
3,199
2,153
647
6,865
20,417
26,887
11,377
1,141
31,462
28,315
6,756
56,884
1,368
5,607
1,176
8,519
288,222
30,561
848
13,162
3,904
16,888
9,608
34,787
2015
12,673
10,364
53,919
33,265
126,525
7,015
2,362
1,348
27,402
18,800
2,766
36,387
15,206
8,095
7,594
14,252
124,782
2,390
10,263
7,220
37,926
14,499
9,428
17,427
2,236
5,142
1,743
938
9,271
19,617
39,047
16,570
1,867
41,366
41,763
8,516
111,024
1,968
8,227
1,770
12,323
385,318
36,593
1,261
17,753
5,797
31,380
14,285
45,763
2035
15,866
19,737
79,723
49,494
127,843
10,380
4,770
2,294
30,903
29,262
4,818
61,657
26,837
14,526
12,470
21,825
200,555
3,774
16,634
11,356
63,380
22,638
8,768
30,105
3,582
9,216
3,278
1,576
15,064
18,462
58,377
28,271
3,645
81,349
69,261
14,107
270,058
2,904
14,368
2,959
21,487
682,740
50,839
1,922
30,732
9,777
71,620
24,871
78,792
US Total
1,008,658
1,463,450
2,438,877
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands,
and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
2010
240
136
1,193
1,516
3,197
116
39
15
536
271
31
630
212
97
120
291
2,074
26
152
263
693
224
67
426
44
61
139
46
353
1,091
721
252
22
688
875
143
1,476
23
114
18
140
10,891
662
14
321
161
514
211
2,247
2015
263
203
1,792
2,237
4,434
163
54
23
886
364
48
865
275
153
155
356
3,897
38
226
391
884
350
153
594
58
99
94
68
475
1,045
1,038
300
41
885
1,310
192
3,505
33
136
27
196
14,757
818
22
401
242
1,111
315
3,362
2035
295
385
2,775
3,440
4,526
237
110
40
1,201
578
87
1,467
473
278
251
473
7,702
60
357
611
1,403
539
172
1,007
85
185
173
118
834
914
1,599
519
85
1,719
2,257
319
8,889
48
240
46
348
26,412
1,190
33
685
421
2,749
546
6,243
US Total
33,793
49,335
85,123
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands,
and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
17
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of
Unconventional Gas* Summary
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of
Unconventional Gas* Summary
($M)
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
2010
952
529
4,910
2,192
12,258
422
163
72
1,163
1,147
142
2,560
957
420
512
1,234
11,020
124
555
423
2,966
796
264
1,057
162
265
180
52
640
3,356
2,316
909
105
3,045
4,008
548
7,121
107
444
88
683
47,995
3,126
68
1,273
298
2,239
783
6,760
2015
1,183
791
7,264
3,197
18,162
587
226
108
2,034
1,622
214
3,555
1,326
665
702
1,572
20,005
177
814
613
3,794
1,272
675
1,529
214
429
128
75
841
3,160
3,325
1,318
190
3,942
6,033
689
16,806
153
655
132
986
64,768
3,866
101
1,634
441
4,563
1,167
8,815
2035
1,405
1,509
10,540
4,617
17,485
865
482
186
2,266
2,398
375
6,178
2,331
1,189
1,135
2,174
37,759
282
1,281
981
6,096
1,937
685
2,616
318
791
237
128
1,406
2,589
5,000
2,185
390
7,921
9,905
1,093
42,438
225
1,155
220
1,727
111,089
5,343
152
2,789
761
10,313
2,044
14,735
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
2010
583
430
2,314
1,553
5,958
344
116
61
912
860
113
1,828
716
321
347
708
5,492
100
460
343
1,851
616
206
724
104
207
133
41
497
1,461
1,871
731
79
2,031
1,993
406
3,975
87
353
70
537
22,840
1,710
54
889
243
1,091
611
2,753
2015
801
643
3,407
2,295
9,258
479
164
91
1,564
1,226
169
2,562
999
499
491
930
9,238
143
674
498
2,483
963
497
1,049
146
329
101
59
662
1,407
2,710
1,061
138
2,684
2,961
524
8,351
125
521
104
782
30,769
2,098
81
1,191
360
2,088
906
3,669
2035
1,069
1,241
5,020
3,397
9,236
702
334
158
1,860
1,943
295
4,374
1,734
892
819
1,396
16,361
227
1,064
791
4,135
1,500
534
1,794
230
606
189
99
1,097
1,277
4,075
1,775
282
5,225
4,885
856
20,349
184
921
173
1,371
53,427
2,952
122
2,086
617
4,697
1,590
6,196
133,405
196,516
331,728
US Total
71,727
104,951
176,154
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands,
and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
18
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands,
and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
4. Conclusion
Unconventional gas activity is expected to make a significant contribution to all of the economies of the lower 48
states over the next 25 years. Traditional oil and gas producing states like Texas and Louisiana will continue to lead
the way in terms of their absolute contributions to the US economy. But many new and emerging energy states
will drive much of the growth in the coming years, and the economic activity generated by this increase in unconventional gas activity will also reach well beyond the traditional unconventional producing states.
IHS
19
The Economic and Employment
Contributions of Unconventional Gas
Development in State Economies
Appendix A. Economic Contributions by State
and Year
Prepared for:
AMERICA'S NATURAL GAS ALLIANCE
Submitted by:
IHS Inc.
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
June 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
About IHS (ihs.com)
IHS Inc. (NYSE: IHS) is a leading source of information and insight in critical areas that shape today's business landscape, including energy and power; design and supply chain; defense, risk and security; environmental, health and safety, and sustainability; country and industry forecasting; and commodities, pricing and cost. IHS has been in business since 1959 and
became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange in 2005. Headquartered in Englewood, Colorado,
USA, IHS employs more than 5,100 people in more than 30 countries around the world.
About IHS Global Insight
IHS Global Insightis one of the leading economic analysis and forecasting firms in the world. With over 600 economists, statisticians, and industry specialists in 25 offices worldwide, IHS Global Insight has an established track record for providing rigorous, objective forecast analysis and data to governments and businesses around the world.
Among our areas of expertise are the economic impact, tax implications, and job-creation dynamics within multiple sectors
core to national, state and local economies. It helps governments and companies at all levels interpret the impact of proposed investments, policies, programs, and projects.
IHS Global Insight was formed by the merger of DRI and WEFA. Still active in an advisory capacity to the firm is the original
founder of WEFA, Lawrence R. Klein, the 1980 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
For more information, contact:
Richard F. Fullenbaum
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
Richard.Fullenbaum@ihs.com
John W. Larson
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
John.Larson@ihs.com
For press information, contact:
Jim Dorsey
Senior Manager Media Relations, IHS
Jim.Dorsey@ihs.com
IHS
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
© 2012 IHS. All information contained herein is obtained by IHS Inc. from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. All forecasts and predictions contained herein are believed by IHS, Inc. to be as accurate as the data and methodologies will allow. However, because of the possibilities of human and mechanical error, as well as other factors such as unforeseen and unforeseeable
changes in political and economic circumstances beyond IHS's control, the information herein is provided "as is" without warranty of
any kind and IHS Inc., AND ALL THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED TO ANY SUBSCRIBER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY AS TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS,
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY OF THE INFORMATION OR FORECASTS CONTAINED HEREIN.
ii
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Appendix A. Economic Contributions by State and Year
Appendix A presents six different types of detailed tables by state in five-year increments over the forecast horizon
(2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035). Results for the following four concepts are presented:
1)
Employment Contribution
2)
Value Added Contribution
3)
Labor Income Contribution
4)
Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments.
Employment and value added contribution results are presented twice:
1)
Alphabetical by State
2)
Ranked by Total Contribution (where total contribution is the sum of direct, indirect, and induced concepts)
Labor income and government revenue results are presented alphabetically by state only.
The three contribution concepts (employment, value added, and labor income) are split out into direct, indirect and
induced contributions with a separate table for each of our forecast years.
A summary description of the tables is as follows:
1 - Employment Contribution: Alphabetical by State. These tables present the direct, indirect, induced, and total
employment contributions for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035 alphabetically by state.
2- Employment Contribution by State: Ranked by Total Contribution. These tables present the direct, indirect, induced, and total employment contributions for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035 ranked by the total contribution for each of the years.
3 - Value Added Contribution: Alphabetical by State. These tables present the direct, indirect, induced, and total
value added contributions for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035 alphabetically by state.
4 - Value Added Contribution by State: Ranked by Total Contribution. These tables present the direct, indirect, induced, and total value added contributions for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035 ranked by the total contribution for each of the years.
5 - Labor Income Contribution: Alphabetical by State. These tables present the direct, indirect, induced, and total
value added contributions for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035 alphabetically by state.
6- Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments by State. These tables present detailed government revenue
information for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035 alphabetically by state.
IHS
A-1
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Employment Contribution: Alphabetical by State
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2010
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
Direct
1,195
0
13,640
4,718
22,535
0
187
0
3,204
952
0
2,814
516
315
658
2,145
29,896
0
0
136
6,968
352
92
4,133
90
104
505
0
592
6,797
408
102
0
4,979
8,636
670
13,594
0
61
0
142
73,744
10,404
0
923
0
6,871
137
14,753
Indirect
3,417
2,919
9,922
8,071
21,759
2,166
615
366
5,032
5,269
765
10,016
5,037
2,012
1,992
3,855
21,997
637
2,945
2,046
8,647
3,837
1,338
3,070
600
1,323
741
286
2,669
5,462
10,696
4,825
489
12,643
8,672
2,690
18,342
570
2,545
452
3,660
88,561
8,993
330
5,498
1,597
4,522
4,457
8,647
Induced
4,063
3,999
13,136
9,984
33,172
2,851
879
539
7,522
7,073
1,076
12,943
5,266
2,856
2,703
4,870
29,130
1,029
4,063
2,787
12,448
5,082
1,829
4,828
902
1,773
906
361
3,604
8,159
15,783
6,451
652
13,840
11,007
3,396
24,948
798
3,001
725
4,717
125,918
11,165
518
6,740
2,307
5,495
5,013
11,386
Total
8,675
6,918
36,698
22,773
77,466
5,017
1,681
905
15,758
13,294
1,841
25,773
10,819
5,183
5,353
10,870
81,022
1,666
7,008
4,968
28,063
9,271
3,259
12,031
1,591
3,199
2,153
647
6,865
20,417
26,887
11,377
1,141
31,462
28,315
6,756
56,884
1,368
5,607
1,176
8,519
288,222
30,561
848
13,162
3,904
16,888
9,608
34,787
237,968
326,999
443,691
1,008,658
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-2
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2015
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
Direct
2,042
0
19,767
6,970
40,115
0
236
0
6,838
1,106
0
3,724
586
650
824
2,336
40,341
0
0
193
9,107
860
2,703
6,005
85
276
10
0
465
6,017
386
0
0
5,776
12,217
185
26,007
0
3
0
62
93,838
11,232
0
777
0
12,857
263
18,917
Indirect
4,960
4,341
14,930
11,736
35,280
2,999
869
550
8,328
7,601
1,150
14,380
7,100
3,082
2,910
5,321
35,273
913
4,359
3,002
12,248
5,811
2,953
4,477
866
2,127
789
410
3,742
5,607
15,684
7,078
861
17,085
13,278
3,704
34,594
820
3,813
677
5,404
121,994
11,532
491
7,612
2,360
8,115
6,599
9,673
Induced
5,670
6,023
19,222
14,560
51,130
4,016
1,258
798
12,236
10,093
1,616
18,282
7,521
4,362
3,861
6,596
49,168
1,477
5,905
4,025
16,571
7,827
3,772
6,945
1,285
2,739
944
529
5,064
7,993
22,977
9,493
1,006
18,504
16,267
4,627
50,423
1,148
4,411
1,093
6,856
169,486
13,829
770
9,364
3,438
10,408
7,424
17,173
Total
12,673
10,364
53,919
33,265
126,525
7,015
2,362
1,348
27,402
18,800
2,766
36,387
15,206
8,095
7,594
14,252
124,782
2,390
10,263
7,220
37,926
14,499
9,428
17,427
2,236
5,142
1,743
938
9,271
19,617
39,047
16,570
1,867
41,366
41,763
8,516
111,024
1,968
8,227
1,770
12,323
385,318
36,593
1,261
17,753
5,797
31,380
14,285
45,763
333,779
479,487
650,184
1,463,450
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-3
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2020
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
1,232
0
22,868
7,582
43,714
0
402
0
3,274
734
0
5,295
898
782
880
2,517
40,665
0
0
355
11,554
917
1,300
7,702
82
332
93
0
676
4,928
584
188
0
8,875
14,598
216
41,258
0
93
0
147
125,882
12,472
0
838
0
18,520
321
20,698
Indirect
5,519
5,518
17,673
14,066
38,518
3,586
1,182
692
8,916
9,198
1,427
17,648
8,859
3,815
3,509
6,455
41,093
1,111
5,355
3,667
15,120
7,087
2,857
5,583
1,045
2,695
1,031
511
4,540
5,224
18,639
8,877
1,118
22,668
15,939
4,670
50,276
977
4,794
828
6,761
158,308
13,281
597
9,448
2,919
11,335
8,252
10,630
Induced
6,137
7,572
22,430
17,352
54,818
4,727
1,658
997
13,232
11,984
2,009
22,778
9,307
5,326
4,645
7,732
58,797
1,767
7,211
4,842
19,979
9,388
3,815
8,596
1,551
3,407
1,250
661
6,156
7,130
27,377
11,847
1,269
24,203
19,389
5,743
73,321
1,364
5,487
1,341
8,504
215,755
15,803
933
11,501
4,205
14,368
9,146
18,675
Total
12,888
13,090
62,971
39,000
137,050
8,312
3,242
1,689
25,422
21,915
3,437
45,721
19,065
9,923
9,034
16,705
140,556
2,878
12,566
8,865
46,653
17,393
7,972
21,881
2,677
6,433
2,375
1,171
11,371
17,282
46,600
20,912
2,387
55,747
49,925
10,629
164,856
2,341
10,373
2,169
15,412
499,946
41,556
1,530
21,787
7,123
44,223
17,719
50,002
US Total
403,473
593,817
797,483
1,794,773
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-4
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2025
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
628
0
23,720
7,247
37,733
0
363
0
1,084
220
0
4,918
820
798
874
2,345
44,245
0
0
324
10,680
778
765
7,843
74
364
12
0
602
4,794
512
0
0
8,048
15,245
163
41,140
0
22
0
91
127,899
13,054
0
772
0
18,748
333
23,700
Indirect
5,440
5,745
18,350
13,892
33,601
3,518
1,147
695
8,611
9,263
1,459
17,257
8,915
3,993
3,587
6,448
46,135
1,112
5,241
3,562
14,995
7,003
2,663
5,649
1,050
2,804
1,015
503
4,448
5,052
18,108
8,829
1,190
22,019
16,289
4,620
50,463
944
4,871
829
6,887
161,495
13,810
579
9,506
2,984
11,498
8,413
12,010
Induced
5,950
7,917
23,414
17,412
48,298
4,633
1,653
1,015
12,858
11,981
2,076
22,568
9,451
5,511
4,740
7,711
67,437
1,768
7,279
4,771
19,278
9,404
3,672
8,676
1,575
3,511
1,256
662
6,142
6,720
27,049
12,018
1,340
23,471
20,097
5,821
75,445
1,351
5,573
1,372
8,678
222,082
16,613
932
11,685
4,265
14,828
9,411
21,129
Total
12,018
13,662
65,484
38,551
119,632
8,151
3,163
1,710
22,552
21,463
3,536
44,743
19,186
10,302
9,201
16,505
157,818
2,881
12,519
8,657
44,953
17,184
7,099
22,168
2,699
6,679
2,284
1,165
11,192
16,565
45,669
20,847
2,531
53,538
51,631
10,604
167,048
2,295
10,466
2,201
15,656
511,476
43,477
1,510
21,963
7,249
45,074
18,156
56,840
US Total
400,958
598,495
812,501
1,811,954
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-5
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2030
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
1,047
0
24,272
7,461
35,346
0
438
0
4,926
835
0
5,634
986
891
902
2,365
44,571
0
0
396
11,907
731
681
8,702
65
405
13
0
709
4,207
611
0
0
9,588
16,580
136
47,761
0
31
0
98
140,803
13,412
0
815
0
21,154
382
26,183
Indirect
6,198
6,395
18,958
14,699
31,695
3,715
1,270
738
10,515
10,425
1,579
18,303
9,744
4,442
3,950
6,992
47,988
1,189
5,523
3,724
16,346
7,487
2,803
6,182
1,118
3,095
1,121
536
4,686
4,949
18,803
9,487
1,331
24,532
17,607
4,881
56,790
976
5,357
893
7,549
175,989
14,453
600
10,389
3,236
12,883
9,171
13,152
Induced
6,546
8,852
24,089
18,490
45,636
4,797
1,824
1,087
15,390
13,499
2,255
24,293
10,204
5,997
5,100
8,166
70,266
1,873
7,787
5,014
20,728
9,995
3,901
9,406
1,680
3,799
1,403
713
6,525
6,503
28,208
13,055
1,482
25,813
21,666
6,246
84,671
1,416
6,066
1,478
9,412
240,624
17,447
980
12,750
4,556
16,492
10,150
22,994
Total
13,791
15,246
67,319
40,650
112,677
8,512
3,532
1,825
30,831
24,759
3,833
48,229
20,934
11,330
9,952
17,523
162,825
3,063
13,310
9,134
48,982
18,213
7,386
24,290
2,862
7,299
2,537
1,249
11,920
15,659
47,622
22,542
2,812
59,933
55,853
11,264
189,222
2,391
11,453
2,372
17,059
557,416
45,312
1,581
23,953
7,793
50,529
19,703
62,329
US Total
435,045
644,443
871,324
1,950,812
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-6
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2035
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
401
0
28,524
8,617
39,723
0
673
0
990
113
0
7,879
1,503
1,150
1,035
2,879
53,428
0
0
615
15,951
822
614
10,746
69
498
17
0
1,063
4,822
927
0
0
14,378
20,537
142
70,734
0
6
0
89
170,896
14,640
0
1,069
0
30,390
506
32,953
Indirect
7,608
8,273
22,526
18,016
36,084
4,568
1,694
920
12,091
12,728
1,975
22,797
12,371
5,723
5,024
8,794
59,587
1,461
6,854
4,569
20,855
9,341
3,368
7,699
1,402
3,939
1,438
675
5,828
5,894
22,875
11,798
1,729
32,668
21,851
6,071
79,807
1,173
6,742
1,107
9,522
216,434
16,392
724
13,368
4,088
18,110
11,585
16,664
Induced
7,858
11,465
28,673
22,861
52,036
5,813
2,403
1,374
17,822
16,422
2,842
30,981
12,963
7,654
6,411
10,152
87,540
2,312
9,780
6,172
26,574
12,474
4,786
11,659
2,110
4,780
1,823
901
8,173
7,747
34,575
16,473
1,916
34,303
26,874
7,894
119,518
1,731
7,621
1,852
11,876
295,411
19,807
1,198
16,296
5,689
23,121
12,779
29,176
Total
15,866
19,737
79,723
49,494
127,843
10,380
4,770
2,294
30,903
29,262
4,818
61,657
26,837
14,526
12,470
21,825
200,555
3,774
16,634
11,356
63,380
22,638
8,768
30,105
3,582
9,216
3,278
1,576
15,064
18,462
58,377
28,271
3,645
81,349
69,261
14,107
270,058
2,904
14,368
2,959
21,487
682,740
50,839
1,922
30,732
9,777
71,620
24,871
78,792
US Total
539,398
806,810
1,092,669
2,438,877
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-7
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Employment Contribution by State: Ranked by Total Contribution
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2010
(Number of workers ranked by total employment contribution)
Texas
Louisiana
Colorado
Pennsylvania
Arkansas
Wyoming
Ohio
Utah
Oklahoma
Michigan
New York
Illinois
California
New Mexico
West Virginia
Florida
Georgia
Virginia
Missouri
North Carolina
Kentucky
Indiana
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Alabama
Tennessee
Maryland
Arizona
New Jersey
Oregon
South Carolina
Kansas
Iowa
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Washington
Mississippi
Nebraska
Nevada
Idaho
Delaware
Maine
Montana
Rhode Island
South Dakota
North Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
US Total
Direct
73,744
29,896
22,535
13,594
13,640
14,753
4,979
10,404
8,636
6,968
408
2,814
4,718
6,797
6,871
3,204
952
923
4,133
102
2,145
516
137
352
1,195
142
0
0
592
670
61
658
315
0
136
0
92
104
505
0
187
0
90
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
88,561
21,997
21,759
18,342
9,922
8,647
12,643
8,993
8,672
8,647
10,696
10,016
8,071
5,462
4,522
5,032
5,269
5,498
3,070
4,825
3,855
5,037
4,457
3,837
3,417
3,660
2,945
2,919
2,669
2,690
2,545
1,992
2,012
2,166
2,046
1,597
1,338
1,323
741
765
615
637
600
570
452
489
366
330
286
Induced
125,918
29,130
33,172
24,948
13,136
11,386
13,840
11,165
11,007
12,448
15,783
12,943
9,984
8,159
5,495
7,522
7,073
6,740
4,828
6,451
4,870
5,266
5,013
5,082
4,063
4,717
4,063
3,999
3,604
3,396
3,001
2,703
2,856
2,851
2,787
2,307
1,829
1,773
906
1,076
879
1,029
902
798
725
652
539
518
361
Total
288,222
81,022
77,466
56,884
36,698
34,787
31,462
30,561
28,315
28,063
26,887
25,773
22,773
20,417
16,888
15,758
13,294
13,162
12,031
11,377
10,870
10,819
9,608
9,271
8,675
8,519
7,008
6,918
6,865
6,756
5,607
5,353
5,183
5,017
4,968
3,904
3,259
3,199
2,153
1,841
1,681
1,666
1,591
1,368
1,176
1,141
905
848
647
237,968
326,999
443,691
1,008,658
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-8
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2015
(Number of workers ranked by total employment contribution)
Texas
Colorado
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Ohio
New York
Michigan
Wyoming
Utah
Illinois
California
West Virginia
Florida
New Mexico
Georgia
Virginia
Missouri
North Carolina
Indiana
Minnesota
Wisconsin
Kentucky
Alabama
Tennessee
Arizona
Maryland
Mississippi
New Jersey
Oregon
South Carolina
Iowa
Kansas
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Washington
Nebraska
Idaho
Maine
Delaware
Montana
Rhode Island
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nevada
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
US Total
Direct
93,838
40,115
40,341
26,007
19,767
12,217
5,776
386
9,107
18,917
11,232
3,724
6,970
12,857
6,838
6,017
1,106
777
6,005
0
586
860
263
2,336
2,042
62
0
0
2,703
465
185
3
650
824
193
0
0
276
0
0
236
85
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
Indirect
121,994
35,280
35,273
34,594
14,930
13,278
17,085
15,684
12,248
9,673
11,532
14,380
11,736
8,115
8,328
5,607
7,601
7,612
4,477
7,078
7,100
5,811
6,599
5,321
4,960
5,404
4,341
4,359
2,953
3,742
3,704
3,813
3,082
2,910
3,002
2,999
2,360
2,127
1,150
913
869
866
820
861
677
789
550
491
410
Induced
169,486
51,130
49,168
50,423
19,222
16,267
18,504
22,977
16,571
17,173
13,829
18,282
14,560
10,408
12,236
7,993
10,093
9,364
6,945
9,493
7,521
7,827
7,424
6,596
5,670
6,856
6,023
5,905
3,772
5,064
4,627
4,411
4,362
3,861
4,025
4,016
3,438
2,739
1,616
1,477
1,258
1,285
1,148
1,006
1,093
944
798
770
529
Total
385,318
126,525
124,782
111,024
53,919
41,763
41,366
39,047
37,926
45,763
36,593
36,387
33,265
31,380
27,402
19,617
18,800
17,753
17,427
16,570
15,206
14,499
14,285
14,252
12,673
12,323
10,364
10,263
9,428
9,271
8,516
8,227
8,095
7,594
7,220
7,015
5,797
5,142
2,766
2,390
2,362
2,236
1,968
1,867
1,770
1,743
1,348
1,261
938
333,779
479,487
650,184
1,463,450
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-9
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2020
(Number of workers ranked by total employment contribution)
Texas
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Colorado
Arkansas
Ohio
Oklahoma
New York
Michigan
Illinois
West Virginia
Utah
Wyoming
California
Florida
Georgia
Missouri
Virginia
North Carolina
Indiana
Wisconsin
Minnesota
New Mexico
Kentucky
Tennessee
Arizona
Alabama
Maryland
New Jersey
Oregon
South Carolina
Iowa
Kansas
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Mississippi
Washington
Nebraska
Idaho
Delaware
Maine
Montana
North Dakota
Nevada
Rhode Island
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
Direct
125,882
41,258
40,665
43,714
22,868
8,875
14,598
584
11,554
5,295
18,520
12,472
20,698
7,582
3,274
734
7,702
838
188
898
321
917
4,928
2,517
147
0
1,232
0
676
216
93
782
880
355
0
1,300
0
332
0
402
0
82
0
93
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
158,308
50,276
41,093
38,518
17,673
22,668
15,939
18,639
15,120
17,648
11,335
13,281
10,630
14,066
8,916
9,198
5,583
9,448
8,877
8,859
8,252
7,087
5,224
6,455
6,761
5,518
5,519
5,355
4,540
4,670
4,794
3,815
3,509
3,667
3,586
2,857
2,919
2,695
1,427
1,182
1,111
1,045
1,118
1,031
977
828
692
597
511
Induced
215,755
73,321
58,797
54,818
22,430
24,203
19,389
27,377
19,979
22,778
14,368
15,803
18,675
17,352
13,232
11,984
8,596
11,501
11,847
9,307
9,146
9,388
7,130
7,732
8,504
7,572
6,137
7,211
6,156
5,743
5,487
5,326
4,645
4,842
4,727
3,815
4,205
3,407
2,009
1,658
1,767
1,551
1,269
1,250
1,364
1,341
997
933
661
Total
499,946
164,856
140,556
137,050
62,971
55,747
49,925
46,600
46,653
45,721
44,223
41,556
50,002
39,000
25,422
21,915
21,881
21,787
20,912
19,065
17,719
17,393
17,282
16,705
15,412
13,090
12,888
12,566
11,371
10,629
10,373
9,923
9,034
8,865
8,312
7,972
7,123
6,433
3,437
3,242
2,878
2,677
2,387
2,375
2,341
2,169
1,689
1,530
1,171
US Total
403,473
593,817
797,483
1,794,773
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-10
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2025
(Number of workers ranked by total employment contribution)
Texas
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Colorado
Arkansas
Ohio
Oklahoma
Wyoming
New York
West Virginia
Michigan
Illinois
Utah
California
Florida
Missouri
Virginia
Georgia
North Carolina
Indiana
Wisconsin
Minnesota
New Mexico
Kentucky
Tennessee
Arizona
Maryland
Alabama
New Jersey
Oregon
South Carolina
Iowa
Kansas
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Washington
Mississippi
Nebraska
Idaho
Delaware
Maine
Montana
North Dakota
Rhode Island
Nevada
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
Direct
127,899
41,140
44,245
37,733
23,720
8,048
15,245
23,700
512
18,748
10,680
4,918
13,054
7,247
1,084
7,843
772
220
0
820
333
778
4,794
2,345
91
0
0
628
602
163
22
798
874
324
0
0
765
364
0
363
0
74
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
Indirect
161,495
50,463
46,135
33,601
18,350
22,019
16,289
12,010
18,108
11,498
14,995
17,257
13,810
13,892
8,611
5,649
9,506
9,263
8,829
8,915
8,413
7,003
5,052
6,448
6,887
5,745
5,241
5,440
4,448
4,620
4,871
3,993
3,587
3,562
3,518
2,984
2,663
2,804
1,459
1,147
1,112
1,050
1,190
944
1,015
829
695
579
503
Induced
222,082
75,445
67,437
48,298
23,414
23,471
20,097
21,129
27,049
14,828
19,278
22,568
16,613
17,412
12,858
8,676
11,685
11,981
12,018
9,451
9,411
9,404
6,720
7,711
8,678
7,917
7,279
5,950
6,142
5,821
5,573
5,511
4,740
4,771
4,633
4,265
3,672
3,511
2,076
1,653
1,768
1,575
1,340
1,351
1,256
1,372
1,015
932
662
Total
511,476
167,048
157,818
119,632
65,484
53,538
51,631
56,840
45,669
45,074
44,953
44,743
43,477
38,551
22,552
22,168
21,963
21,463
20,847
19,186
18,156
17,184
16,565
16,505
15,656
13,662
12,519
12,018
11,192
10,604
10,466
10,302
9,201
8,657
8,151
7,249
7,099
6,679
3,536
3,163
2,881
2,699
2,531
2,295
2,284
2,201
1,710
1,510
1,165
US Total
400,958
598,495
812,501
1,811,954
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-11
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2030
(Number of workers ranked by total employment contribution)
Texas
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Colorado
Arkansas
Ohio
Oklahoma
West Virginia
Wyoming
Michigan
Illinois
New York
Utah
California
Florida
Georgia
Missouri
Virginia
North Carolina
Indiana
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Kentucky
Tennessee
New Mexico
Arizona
Alabama
Maryland
New Jersey
South Carolina
Iowa
Oregon
Kansas
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Washington
Mississippi
Nebraska
Idaho
Delaware
Maine
Montana
North Dakota
Nevada
Rhode Island
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
Direct
140,803
47,761
44,571
35,346
24,272
9,588
16,580
21,154
26,183
11,907
5,634
611
13,412
7,461
4,926
835
8,702
815
0
986
382
731
2,365
98
4,207
0
1,047
0
709
31
891
136
902
396
0
0
681
405
0
438
0
65
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
175,989
56,790
47,988
31,695
18,958
24,532
17,607
12,883
13,152
16,346
18,303
18,803
14,453
14,699
10,515
10,425
6,182
10,389
9,487
9,744
9,171
7,487
6,992
7,549
4,949
6,395
6,198
5,523
4,686
5,357
4,442
4,881
3,950
3,724
3,715
3,236
2,803
3,095
1,579
1,270
1,189
1,118
1,331
1,121
976
893
738
600
536
Induced
240,624
84,671
70,266
45,636
24,089
25,813
21,666
16,492
22,994
20,728
24,293
28,208
17,447
18,490
15,390
13,499
9,406
12,750
13,055
10,204
10,150
9,995
8,166
9,412
6,503
8,852
6,546
7,787
6,525
6,066
5,997
6,246
5,100
5,014
4,797
4,556
3,901
3,799
2,255
1,824
1,873
1,680
1,482
1,403
1,416
1,478
1,087
980
713
Total
557,416
189,222
162,825
112,677
67,319
59,933
55,853
50,529
62,329
48,982
48,229
47,622
45,312
40,650
30,831
24,759
24,290
23,953
22,542
20,934
19,703
18,213
17,523
17,059
15,659
15,246
13,791
13,310
11,920
11,453
11,330
11,264
9,952
9,134
8,512
7,793
7,386
7,299
3,833
3,532
3,063
2,862
2,812
2,537
2,391
2,372
1,825
1,581
1,249
US Total
435,045
644,443
871,324
1,950,812
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-12
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2035
(Number of workers ranked by total employment contribution)
Texas
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Colorado
Ohio
Arkansas
West Virginia
Oklahoma
Wyoming
Michigan
Illinois
New York
Utah
California
Florida
Virginia
Missouri
Georgia
North Carolina
Indiana
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Kentucky
Tennessee
Arizona
New Mexico
Maryland
Alabama
New Jersey
Iowa
South Carolina
Oregon
Kansas
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Washington
Nebraska
Mississippi
Idaho
Delaware
Maine
North Dakota
Montana
Nevada
South Dakota
Rhode Island
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
Direct
170,896
70,734
53,428
39,723
14,378
28,524
30,390
20,537
32,953
15,951
7,879
927
14,640
8,617
990
1,069
10,746
113
0
1,503
506
822
2,879
89
0
4,822
0
401
1,063
1,150
6
142
1,035
615
0
0
498
614
0
673
0
0
69
17
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
216,434
79,807
59,587
36,084
32,668
22,526
18,110
21,851
16,664
20,855
22,797
22,875
16,392
18,016
12,091
13,368
7,699
12,728
11,798
12,371
11,585
9,341
8,794
9,522
8,273
5,894
6,854
7,608
5,828
5,723
6,742
6,071
5,024
4,569
4,568
4,088
3,939
3,368
1,975
1,694
1,461
1,729
1,402
1,438
1,107
1,173
920
724
675
Induced
295,411
119,518
87,540
52,036
34,303
28,673
23,121
26,874
29,176
26,574
30,981
34,575
19,807
22,861
17,822
16,296
11,659
16,422
16,473
12,963
12,779
12,474
10,152
11,876
11,465
7,747
9,780
7,858
8,173
7,654
7,621
7,894
6,411
6,172
5,813
5,689
4,780
4,786
2,842
2,403
2,312
1,916
2,110
1,823
1,852
1,731
1,374
1,198
901
Total
682,740
270,058
200,555
127,843
81,349
79,723
71,620
69,261
78,792
63,380
61,657
58,377
50,839
49,494
30,903
30,732
30,105
29,262
28,271
26,837
24,871
22,638
21,825
21,487
19,737
18,462
16,634
15,866
15,064
14,526
14,368
14,107
12,470
11,356
10,380
9,777
9,216
8,768
4,818
4,770
3,774
3,645
3,582
3,278
2,959
2,904
2,294
1,922
1,576
US Total
539,398
806,810
1,092,669
2,438,877
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-13
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Value Added Contribution: Alphabetical by State
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2010
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
276
0
2,745
505
5,587
0
25
0
180
109
0
395
54
36
99
451
5,664
0
0
13
859
45
4
314
35
8
41
0
81
2,091
61
5
0
539
1,924
50
2,444
0
3
0
12
19,621
1,256
0
179
0
1,261
17
5,014
Indirect
341
246
1,005
815
2,913
197
63
32
413
472
66
1,000
478
171
200
376
2,497
52
255
190
949
355
122
316
60
120
65
25
253
529
994
414
55
1,302
1,053
242
2,162
49
216
37
310
13,636
855
29
556
134
487
386
807
Induced
335
283
1,161
871
3,758
224
74
40
570
566
77
1,165
424
213
213
407
2,859
72
300
220
1,159
396
138
427
67
137
74
27
306
736
1,260
490
50
1,204
1,031
256
2,515
57
224
51
361
14,739
1,015
39
538
164
491
380
940
Total
952
529
4,910
2,192
12,258
422
163
72
1,163
1,147
142
2,560
957
420
512
1,234
11,020
124
555
423
2,966
796
264
1,057
162
265
180
52
640
3,356
2,316
909
105
3,045
4,008
548
7,121
107
444
88
683
47,995
3,126
68
1,273
298
2,239
783
6,760
US Total
52,004
38,301
43,101
133,405
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-14
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2015
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
243
0
4,068
751
7,777
0
32
0
387
136
0
523
62
75
105
519
11,039
0
0
18
977
112
119
461
32
21
2
0
73
1,898
50
0
0
620
2,922
23
7,063
0
1
0
5
26,463
1,527
0
165
0
2,751
34
5,953
Indirect
477
364
1,508
1,181
4,613
275
90
48
695
681
100
1,413
667
266
295
513
4,151
74
379
279
1,302
541
258
458
89
197
65
36
349
556
1,458
605
110
1,743
1,595
331
4,471
72
324
56
458
18,662
1,096
43
746
198
880
573
1,099
Induced
463
426
1,688
1,265
5,772
313
105
60
953
804
114
1,619
597
325
302
540
4,815
103
434
316
1,514
619
298
609
94
212
61
39
418
706
1,816
712
81
1,579
1,517
334
5,272
82
330
76
523
19,643
1,243
58
723
243
932
560
1,763
Total
1,183
791
7,264
3,197
18,162
587
226
108
2,034
1,622
214
3,555
1,326
665
702
1,572
20,005
177
814
613
3,794
1,272
675
1,529
214
429
128
75
841
3,160
3,325
1,318
190
3,942
6,033
689
16,806
153
655
132
986
64,768
3,866
101
1,634
441
4,563
1,167
8,815
US Total
77,007
56,441
63,069
196,516
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-15
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2020
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
142
0
4,624
823
7,949
0
54
0
185
77
0
727
94
89
110
503
14,111
0
0
32
1,116
119
57
587
28
25
9
0
106
1,456
60
9
0
936
3,422
27
10,777
0
5
0
13
32,840
1,714
0
170
0
3,832
40
6,394
Indirect
525
459
1,781
1,397
4,967
326
126
61
720
805
124
1,741
826
328
349
613
4,897
90
464
343
1,593
653
254
568
106
252
85
45
426
525
1,744
752
143
2,338
1,894
417
6,585
85
405
68
573
23,722
1,254
52
924
246
1,216
713
1,200
Induced
488
539
1,959
1,488
6,135
366
141
75
965
941
142
2,035
735
394
360
625
5,741
123
527
383
1,818
736
293
753
112
263
83
49
508
617
2,162
885
102
2,091
1,800
412
7,774
97
411
93
648
24,945
1,411
70
883
298
1,285
689
1,910
Total
1,155
998
8,364
3,708
19,051
693
321
135
1,871
1,823
266
4,502
1,656
811
819
1,741
24,749
213
992
758
4,527
1,507
604
1,908
246
540
177
94
1,040
2,599
3,967
1,645
245
5,366
7,116
856
25,136
182
822
161
1,233
81,507
4,379
123
1,977
544
6,333
1,442
9,503
US Total
93,261
69,779
77,363
240,403
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-16
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2025
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
79
0
4,850
785
6,932
0
49
0
65
23
0
677
86
91
107
457
16,678
0
0
29
996
101
33
594
26
27
2
0
94
1,263
51
0
0
846
3,606
21
11,507
0
2
0
8
34,194
1,821
0
154
0
4,011
42
7,211
Indirect
517
476
1,853
1,380
4,365
321
122
62
688
808
127
1,698
827
343
357
609
5,559
90
451
334
1,568
644
239
576
107
266
83
44
419
510
1,709
744
156
2,263
1,944
408
6,730
83
413
69
586
24,380
1,309
50
929
253
1,243
730
1,348
Induced
470
567
2,045
1,483
5,367
359
139
76
910
935
147
2,003
747
407
369
622
6,599
124
526
377
1,742
734
280
759
114
272
81
49
505
579
2,135
890
109
2,019
1,866
413
8,015
96
420
95
664
25,648
1,482
70
893
304
1,326
710
2,162
Total
1,066
1,043
8,749
3,648
16,664
679
310
138
1,662
1,766
275
4,378
1,660
841
834
1,689
28,837
214
977
740
4,306
1,480
551
1,929
246
565
167
93
1,019
2,352
3,895
1,634
265
5,127
7,416
842
26,252
179
835
163
1,258
84,223
4,613
121
1,976
557
6,580
1,482
10,722
US Total
97,518
70,793
78,706
247,017
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-17
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2030
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
Direct
84
0
4,900
804
6,360
0
59
0
277
97
0
772
104
101
111
441
17,429
0
0
36
1,079
95
30
657
22
30
2
0
111
1,146
57
0
0
1,002
3,872
17
12,973
0
3
0
8
36,540
1,885
0
161
0
4,434
48
7,758
Indirect
587
529
1,913
1,451
4,103
338
137
66
853
918
138
1,812
902
381
392
659
5,792
96
471
350
1,717
686
250
629
113
297
92
47
445
505
1,782
793
174
2,530
2,092
426
7,582
85
454
74
642
26,353
1,368
52
1,017
275
1,387
796
1,465
Induced
523
635
2,102
1,567
5,033
371
154
82
1,140
1,069
160
2,172
809
444
400
659
6,878
132
558
397
1,883
780
295
825
121
295
91
53
539
556
2,229
962
122
2,241
2,014
439
9,047
100
460
102
721
27,767
1,553
73
974
327
1,476
768
2,354
Total
1,193
1,164
8,914
3,822
15,496
709
349
148
2,270
2,084
298
4,757
1,814
926
904
1,759
30,100
228
1,030
783
4,679
1,561
575
2,111
257
622
185
100
1,095
2,206
4,069
1,754
296
5,774
7,978
883
29,603
186
917
176
1,372
90,660
4,807
125
2,152
602
7,297
1,613
11,578
103,505
76,021
84,456
263,982
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-18
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2035
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
Direct
58
0
5,769
928
7,123
0
90
0
61
14
0
1,087
158
131
130
525
21,981
0
0
56
1,441
107
26
814
24
37
3
0
167
1,323
85
0
0
1,500
4,809
18
18,808
0
2
0
7
44,731
2,038
0
213
0
6,299
64
9,894
Indirect
722
684
2,276
1,769
4,664
415
186
82
953
1,105
173
2,289
1,142
491
498
831
7,208
119
583
433
2,222
856
299
782
143
382
117
60
559
606
2,182
978
230
3,405
2,598
525
10,741
103
573
92
810
32,359
1,552
62
1,326
350
1,941
1,011
1,855
Induced
624
826
2,495
1,920
5,698
450
205
104
1,252
1,280
202
2,802
1,031
567
506
818
8,569
163
699
492
2,433
974
359
1,020
151
372
117
68
680
660
2,732
1,206
160
3,017
2,498
550
12,889
123
581
128
909
33,998
1,753
89
1,250
411
2,072
970
2,986
Total
1,405
1,509
10,540
4,617
17,485
865
482
186
2,266
2,398
375
6,178
2,331
1,189
1,135
2,174
37,759
282
1,281
981
6,096
1,937
685
2,616
318
791
237
128
1,406
2,589
5,000
2,185
390
7,921
9,905
1,093
42,438
225
1,155
220
1,727
111,089
5,343
152
2,789
761
10,313
2,044
14,735
130,520
95,346
105,862
331,728
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-19
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Value Added Contribution by State: Ranked by Total Contribution
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2010
($M ranked by total value added contribution)
Texas
Colorado
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
Wyoming
Arkansas
Oklahoma
New Mexico
Utah
Ohio
Michigan
Illinois
New York
West Virginia
California
Virginia
Kentucky
Florida
Georgia
Missouri
Indiana
Alabama
North Carolina
Minnesota
Wisconsin
Tennessee
New Jersey
Maryland
Oregon
Arizona
Kansas
South Carolina
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Iowa
Washington
Nebraska
Mississippi
Nevada
Delaware
Montana
Idaho
Maine
Rhode Island
North Dakota
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
Direct
19,621
5,587
5,664
2,444
5,014
2,745
1,924
2,091
1,256
539
859
395
61
1,261
505
179
451
180
109
314
54
276
5
45
17
12
81
0
50
0
99
3
13
0
36
0
8
4
41
25
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
13,636
2,913
2,497
2,162
807
1,005
1,053
529
855
1,302
949
1,000
994
487
815
556
376
413
472
316
478
341
414
355
386
310
253
255
242
246
200
216
190
197
171
134
120
122
65
63
60
66
52
49
55
37
32
29
25
Induced
14,739
3,758
2,859
2,515
940
1,161
1,031
736
1,015
1,204
1,159
1,165
1,260
491
871
538
407
570
566
427
424
335
490
396
380
361
306
300
256
283
213
224
220
224
213
164
137
138
74
74
67
77
72
57
50
51
40
39
27
Total
47,995
12,258
11,020
7,121
6,760
4,910
4,008
3,356
3,126
3,045
2,966
2,560
2,316
2,239
2,192
1,273
1,234
1,163
1,147
1,057
957
952
909
796
783
683
640
555
548
529
512
444
423
422
420
298
265
264
180
163
162
142
124
107
105
88
72
68
52
US Total
52,004
38,301
43,101
133,405
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-20
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2015
($M ranked by total value added contribution)
Texas
Louisiana
Colorado
Pennsylvania
Wyoming
Arkansas
Oklahoma
West Virginia
Ohio
Utah
Michigan
Illinois
New York
California
New Mexico
Florida
Virginia
Georgia
Kentucky
Missouri
Indiana
North Carolina
Minnesota
Alabama
Wisconsin
Tennessee
New Jersey
Maryland
Arizona
Kansas
Oregon
Mississippi
Iowa
South Carolina
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Washington
Nebraska
Delaware
Montana
Idaho
North Dakota
Maine
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Nevada
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
Direct
26,463
11,039
7,777
7,063
5,953
4,068
2,922
2,751
620
1,527
977
523
50
751
1,898
387
165
136
519
461
62
0
112
243
34
5
73
0
0
105
23
119
75
1
18
0
0
21
32
32
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
Indirect
18,662
4,151
4,613
4,471
1,099
1,508
1,595
880
1,743
1,096
1,302
1,413
1,458
1,181
556
695
746
681
513
458
667
605
541
477
573
458
349
379
364
295
331
258
266
324
279
275
198
197
90
89
100
110
74
72
56
65
48
43
36
Induced
19,643
4,815
5,772
5,272
1,763
1,688
1,517
932
1,579
1,243
1,514
1,619
1,816
1,265
706
953
723
804
540
609
597
712
619
463
560
523
418
434
426
302
334
298
325
330
316
313
243
212
105
94
114
81
103
82
76
61
60
58
39
Total
64,768
20,005
18,162
16,806
8,815
7,264
6,033
4,563
3,942
3,866
3,794
3,555
3,325
3,197
3,160
2,034
1,634
1,622
1,572
1,529
1,326
1,318
1,272
1,183
1,167
986
841
814
791
702
689
675
665
655
613
587
441
429
226
214
214
190
177
153
132
128
108
101
75
US Total
77,007
56,441
63,069
196,516
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-21
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2020
($M ranked by total value added contribution)
Texas
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Colorado
Wyoming
Arkansas
Oklahoma
West Virginia
Ohio
Michigan
Illinois
Utah
New York
California
New Mexico
Virginia
Missouri
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Indiana
North Carolina
Minnesota
Wisconsin
Tennessee
Alabama
New Jersey
Arizona
Maryland
Oregon
South Carolina
Kansas
Iowa
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Mississippi
Washington
Nebraska
Delaware
Idaho
Montana
North Dakota
Maine
Rhode Island
Nevada
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
Direct
32,840
10,777
14,111
7,949
6,394
4,624
3,422
3,832
936
1,116
727
1,714
60
823
1,456
170
587
185
77
503
94
9
119
40
13
142
106
0
0
27
5
110
89
32
0
57
0
25
54
0
28
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
Indirect
23,722
6,585
4,897
4,967
1,200
1,781
1,894
1,216
2,338
1,593
1,741
1,254
1,744
1,397
525
924
568
720
805
613
826
752
653
713
573
525
426
459
464
417
405
349
328
343
326
254
246
252
126
124
106
143
90
85
85
68
61
52
45
Induced
24,945
7,774
5,741
6,135
1,910
1,959
1,800
1,285
2,091
1,818
2,035
1,411
2,162
1,488
617
883
753
965
941
625
735
885
736
689
648
488
508
539
527
412
411
360
394
383
366
293
298
263
141
142
112
102
123
97
83
93
75
70
49
Total
81,507
25,136
24,749
19,051
9,503
8,364
7,116
6,333
5,366
4,527
4,502
4,379
3,967
3,708
2,599
1,977
1,908
1,871
1,823
1,741
1,656
1,645
1,507
1,442
1,233
1,155
1,040
998
992
856
822
819
811
758
693
604
544
540
321
266
246
245
213
182
177
161
135
123
94
US Total
93,261
69,779
77,363
240,403
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-22
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2025
($M ranked by total value added contribution)
Texas
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
Colorado
Wyoming
Arkansas
Oklahoma
West Virginia
Ohio
Utah
Illinois
Michigan
New York
California
New Mexico
Virginia
Missouri
Georgia
Kentucky
Florida
Indiana
North Carolina
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Tennessee
Alabama
Arizona
New Jersey
Maryland
Oregon
Iowa
South Carolina
Kansas
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Nebraska
Washington
Mississippi
Delaware
Idaho
North Dakota
Montana
Maine
Rhode Island
Nevada
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
Direct
34,194
16,678
11,507
6,932
7,211
4,850
3,606
4,011
846
1,821
677
996
51
785
1,263
154
594
23
457
65
86
0
42
101
8
79
0
94
0
21
91
2
107
29
0
27
0
33
49
0
0
26
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
Indirect
24,380
5,559
6,730
4,365
1,348
1,853
1,944
1,243
2,263
1,309
1,698
1,568
1,709
1,380
510
929
576
808
609
688
827
744
730
644
586
517
476
419
451
408
343
413
357
334
321
266
253
239
122
127
156
107
90
83
83
69
62
50
44
Induced
25,648
6,599
8,015
5,367
2,162
2,045
1,866
1,326
2,019
1,482
2,003
1,742
2,135
1,483
579
893
759
935
622
910
747
890
710
734
664
470
567
505
526
413
407
420
369
377
359
272
304
280
139
147
109
114
124
96
81
95
76
70
49
Total
84,223
28,837
26,252
16,664
10,722
8,749
7,416
6,580
5,127
4,613
4,378
4,306
3,895
3,648
2,352
1,976
1,929
1,766
1,689
1,662
1,660
1,634
1,482
1,480
1,258
1,066
1,043
1,019
977
842
841
835
834
740
679
565
557
551
310
275
265
246
214
179
167
163
138
121
93
US Total
97,518
70,793
78,706
247,017
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-23
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2030
($M ranked by total value added contribution)
Texas
Louisiana
Pennsylvania
Colorado
Wyoming
Arkansas
Oklahoma
West Virginia
Ohio
Utah
Illinois
Michigan
New York
California
Florida
New Mexico
Virginia
Missouri
Georgia
Indiana
Kentucky
North Carolina
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Tennessee
Alabama
Arizona
New Jersey
Maryland
Iowa
South Carolina
Kansas
Oregon
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Nebraska
Washington
Mississippi
Delaware
Idaho
North Dakota
Montana
Maine
Rhode Island
Nevada
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
US Total
Direct
36,540
17,429
12,973
6,360
7,758
4,900
3,872
4,434
1,002
1,885
772
1,079
57
804
277
1,146
161
657
97
104
441
0
48
95
8
84
0
111
0
101
3
111
17
36
0
30
0
30
59
0
0
22
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
Indirect
26,353
5,792
7,582
4,103
1,465
1,913
2,092
1,387
2,530
1,368
1,812
1,717
1,782
1,451
853
505
1,017
629
918
902
659
793
796
686
642
587
529
445
471
381
454
392
426
350
338
297
275
250
137
138
174
113
96
85
92
74
66
52
47
Induced
27,767
6,878
9,047
5,033
2,354
2,102
2,014
1,476
2,241
1,553
2,172
1,883
2,229
1,567
1,140
556
974
825
1,069
809
659
962
768
780
721
523
635
539
558
444
460
400
439
397
371
295
327
295
154
160
122
121
132
100
91
102
82
73
53
Total
90,660
30,100
29,603
15,496
11,578
8,914
7,978
7,297
5,774
4,807
4,757
4,679
4,069
3,822
2,270
2,206
2,152
2,111
2,084
1,814
1,759
1,754
1,613
1,561
1,372
1,193
1,164
1,095
1,030
926
917
904
883
783
709
622
602
575
349
298
296
257
228
186
185
176
148
125
100
103,505
76,021
84,456
263,982
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-24
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2035
($M ranked by total value added contribution)
Texas
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Colorado
Wyoming
Arkansas
West Virginia
Oklahoma
Ohio
Illinois
Michigan
Utah
New York
California
Virginia
Missouri
New Mexico
Georgia
Indiana
Florida
North Carolina
Kentucky
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Tennessee
Arizona
New Jersey
Alabama
Maryland
Iowa
South Carolina
Kansas
Oregon
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Nebraska
Washington
Mississippi
Delaware
North Dakota
Idaho
Montana
Maine
Nevada
Rhode Island
South Dakota
District of Columbia
Vermont
New Hampshire
US Total
Direct
44,731
18,808
21,981
7,123
9,894
5,769
6,299
4,809
1,500
1,087
1,441
2,038
85
928
213
814
1,323
14
158
61
0
525
64
107
7
0
167
58
0
131
2
130
18
56
0
37
0
26
90
0
0
24
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
32,359
10,741
7,208
4,664
1,855
2,276
1,941
2,598
3,405
2,289
2,222
1,552
2,182
1,769
1,326
782
606
1,105
1,142
953
978
831
1,011
856
810
684
559
722
583
491
573
498
525
433
415
382
350
299
186
230
173
143
119
117
103
92
82
62
60
Induced
33,998
12,889
8,569
5,698
2,986
2,495
2,072
2,498
3,017
2,802
2,433
1,753
2,732
1,920
1,250
1,020
660
1,280
1,031
1,252
1,206
818
970
974
909
826
680
624
699
567
581
506
550
492
450
372
411
359
205
160
202
151
163
117
123
128
104
89
68
Total
111,089
42,438
37,759
17,485
14,735
10,540
10,313
9,905
7,921
6,178
6,096
5,343
5,000
4,617
2,789
2,616
2,589
2,398
2,331
2,266
2,185
2,174
2,044
1,937
1,727
1,509
1,406
1,405
1,281
1,189
1,155
1,135
1,093
981
865
791
761
685
482
390
375
318
282
237
225
220
186
152
128
130,520
95,346
105,862
331,728
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-25
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Labor Income Contribution: Alphabetical by State
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2010
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
117
0
1,171
349
2,561
0
16
0
171
63
0
291
34
27
52
186
2,740
0
0
12
541
34
4
258
13
5
38
0
62
785
39
4
0
372
903
39
1,210
0
3
0
7
9,377
689
0
81
0
556
12
1,931
Indirect
237
197
561
584
1,575
160
46
27
318
366
52
729
362
133
142
257
1,371
42
211
153
612
277
95
209
43
95
47
20
198
314
806
335
41
873
563
179
1,326
40
172
30
246
6,538
501
23
405
110
281
303
428
Induced
229
233
582
620
1,822
184
55
34
424
431
61
808
320
161
153
265
1,381
58
249
178
698
305
107
257
49
107
49
21
237
362
1,026
391
39
786
527
188
1,439
47
178
40
284
6,925
520
31
403
133
254
296
394
Total
583
430
2,314
1,553
5,958
344
116
61
912
860
113
1,828
716
321
347
708
5,492
100
460
343
1,851
616
206
724
104
207
133
41
497
1,461
1,871
731
79
2,031
1,993
406
3,975
87
353
70
537
22,840
1,710
54
889
243
1,091
611
2,753
US Total
24,755
22,633
24,339
71,727
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-26
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2015
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
135
0
1,725
547
3,943
0
21
0
366
76
0
387
39
56
64
214
4,723
0
0
17
684
83
113
379
12
13
1
0
54
709
35
0
0
434
1,338
16
2,981
0
0
0
3
12,486
799
0
73
0
1,126
25
2,351
Indirect
343
292
838
847
2,524
222
65
40
519
532
78
1,039
506
203
207
355
2,210
60
313
225
864
415
184
304
64
152
50
28
278
335
1,186
490
77
1,189
850
251
2,526
58
257
44
364
8,993
648
35
560
163
497
447
580
Induced
322
351
845
900
2,790
257
78
51
679
619
91
1,136
454
241
219
361
2,304
83
360
255
935
465
201
367
70
164
50
31
330
363
1,490
571
62
1,061
774
257
2,844
67
263
60
414
9,291
651
46
558
197
466
434
738
Total
801
643
3,407
2,295
9,258
479
164
91
1,564
1,226
169
2,562
999
499
491
930
9,238
143
674
498
2,483
963
497
1,049
146
329
101
59
662
1,407
2,710
1,061
138
2,684
2,961
524
8,351
125
521
104
782
30,769
2,098
81
1,191
360
2,088
906
3,669
US Total
36,028
33,309
35,615
104,951
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-27
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2020
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
80
0
1,979
601
4,140
0
36
0
176
46
0
539
60
66
67
216
5,672
0
0
31
839
88
53
482
11
16
7
0
78
556
47
8
0
660
1,585
20
4,590
0
4
0
8
15,840
889
0
80
0
1,585
29
2,534
Indirect
393
372
995
1,014
2,758
265
89
51
570
645
97
1,274
626
251
250
430
2,594
73
385
276
1,066
504
192
377
77
195
65
35
339
324
1,423
610
101
1,563
1,015
317
3,654
69
323
54
456
11,562
752
42
699
202
684
559
637
Induced
361
445
986
1,069
2,994
301
102
64
748
743
112
1,407
556
293
265
427
2,749
99
438
307
1,123
557
215
451
85
203
66
38
400
334
1,772
708
78
1,367
922
318
4,093
79
327
73
513
11,790
750
56
686
242
635
534
804
Total
834
816
3,960
2,685
9,893
566
226
115
1,494
1,434
210
3,220
1,243
610
582
1,073
11,015
172
823
614
3,028
1,149
460
1,310
173
415
138
73
817
1,215
3,242
1,326
179
3,590
3,522
654
12,336
148
654
127
977
39,192
2,391
99
1,465
444
2,904
1,122
3,974
US Total
43,717
41,307
43,687
128,711
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-28
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2025
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
42
0
2,066
578
3,597
0
32
0
62
14
0
502
55
67
67
199
6,581
0
0
28
767
75
31
488
10
18
1
0
69
500
40
0
0
596
1,659
15
4,791
0
1
0
5
16,331
939
0
73
0
1,634
31
2,872
Indirect
394
387
1,032
1,005
2,426
259
87
52
559
656
100
1,247
629
263
257
431
2,911
73
374
269
1,064
500
184
381
78
205
65
35
335
315
1,393
605
109
1,526
1,037
314
3,679
67
329
54
467
11,822
782
41
707
207
698
572
715
Induced
359
469
1,027
1,071
2,648
294
102
65
736
753
117
1,397
567
303
273
429
3,140
100
437
302
1,093
560
211
455
87
210
66
38
400
318
1,754
717
83
1,338
954
322
4,204
79
335
75
526
12,132
788
56
698
246
655
551
907
Total
795
855
4,124
2,655
8,671
554
221
117
1,357
1,422
216
3,146
1,250
633
596
1,059
12,632
173
811
599
2,924
1,136
426
1,323
174
433
132
73
804
1,134
3,187
1,323
192
3,460
3,649
651
12,674
146
665
129
998
40,285
2,509
97
1,478
454
2,986
1,154
4,494
US Total
44,834
41,695
44,445
130,974
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-29
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2030
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
57
0
2,102
598
3,333
0
39
0
262
55
0
573
66
75
69
196
6,820
0
0
35
849
70
28
540
8
20
1
0
82
451
47
0
0
708
1,791
12
5,453
0
2
0
5
17,610
968
0
78
0
1,823
35
3,114
Indirect
447
430
1,068
1,063
2,300
273
96
55
670
735
108
1,326
684
292
283
469
3,032
78
392
282
1,166
535
194
416
83
229
71
37
355
315
1,453
647
122
1,694
1,118
331
4,130
69
362
58
512
12,840
822
42
776
225
777
625
778
Induced
396
526
1,059
1,136
2,511
304
112
70
872
844
127
1,502
611
329
297
458
3,274
106
464
318
1,176
599
225
492
93
227
74
41
425
313
1,829
776
93
1,466
1,028
344
4,706
83
367
80
571
13,144
832
59
762
264
726
596
988
Total
900
956
4,229
2,797
8,143
577
247
126
1,804
1,633
235
3,400
1,361
696
649
1,122
13,126
184
855
634
3,190
1,204
446
1,448
184
476
146
78
861
1,079
3,328
1,424
215
3,867
3,937
688
14,289
152
731
139
1,089
43,594
2,623
101
1,616
490
3,326
1,256
4,880
US Total
47,974
44,865
47,692
140,531
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-30
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas*: 2035
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
29
0
2,485
693
3,739
0
60
0
58
8
0
807
100
97
80
237
8,519
0
0
54
1,136
80
25
668
9
25
1
0
123
522
71
0
0
1,059
2,219
13
7,966
0
1
0
5
21,507
1,050
0
105
0
2,609
47
3,958
Indirect
556
557
1,273
1,303
2,628
335
127
69
781
900
135
1,657
861
376
362
590
3,767
96
484
347
1,495
669
233
518
105
295
91
47
443
379
1,772
800
160
2,240
1,389
410
5,777
83
457
72
646
15,788
944
51
1,004
286
1,080
792
986
Induced
484
684
1,262
1,401
2,868
367
146
89
1,021
1,035
160
1,909
773
420
377
570
4,075
131
580
391
1,504
751
276
609
117
286
96
52
531
376
2,233
975
122
1,927
1,276
433
6,606
101
463
100
720
16,133
958
72
977
332
1,008
751
1,252
Total
1,069
1,241
5,020
3,397
9,236
702
334
158
1,860
1,943
295
4,374
1,734
892
819
1,396
16,361
227
1,064
791
4,135
1,500
534
1,794
230
606
189
99
1,097
1,277
4,075
1,775
282
5,225
4,885
856
20,349
184
921
173
1,371
53,427
2,952
122
2,086
617
4,697
1,590
6,196
US Total
60,162
56,212
59,780
176,154
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-31
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments by State
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Alabama
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
106,963
80,367
26,596
132,733
14,860
77,599
35,020
5,253
0
239,696
2015
130,609
102,678
27,931
132,137
17,374
87,180
23,986
3,598
0
262,746
2020
146,576
116,530
30,046
127,494
20,656
90,141
14,519
2,178
0
274,070
2025
122,027
96,872
25,155
102,580
16,305
75,246
9,591
1,439
0
224,607
2030
140,167
112,259
27,908
114,867
18,713
87,779
7,283
1,092
0
255,034
2035
162,781
129,210
33,571
132,590
21,782
101,166
8,384
1,258
0
295,370
2010-2035
3,371,258
2,665,636
705,621
3,048,698
456,845
2,148,640
385,402
57,810
0
6,419,955
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Arizona
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
84,003
69,543
14,460
51,683
12,544
39,138
0
0
0
135,685
2015
126,201
104,731
21,470
76,580
18,680
57,900
0
0
0
202,781
2020
161,891
131,407
30,483
139,668
23,844
115,824
0
0
0
301,558
2025
173,836
141,811
32,026
148,362
26,129
122,233
0
0
0
322,198
2030
185,989
155,264
30,725
110,795
28,246
82,549
0
0
0
296,785
2035
241,599
201,750
39,849
143,395
36,477
106,917
0
0
0
384,994
2010-2035
4,053,592
3,344,299
709,293
2,864,717
607,051
2,257,666
0
0
0
6,918,309
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-32
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Arkansas
($Th)
2010
Federal Taxes
462,301
Personal Taxes
327,776
Corporate Taxes
134,526
State and Local Taxes
715,078
Personal Taxes
72,954
Corporate Taxes
442,061
Severance Taxes
153,894
Ad Valorem Taxes
46,168
Federal Royalty Payments
15,213
Total Govt Revenue
1,192,592
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
15,425
2015
682,288
482,957
199,331
1,085,876
106,640
657,459
247,521
74,256
24,044
1,792,208
2020
787,205
560,094
227,111
1,250,403
123,138
744,563
294,386
88,316
28,488
2,066,097
2025
830,505
590,157
240,348
1,394,575
131,901
790,555
363,168
108,951
34,955
2,260,036
2030
850,157
605,876
244,282
1,475,379
136,182
804,748
411,114
123,334
39,487
2,365,024
2035
1,008,556
719,860
288,696
1,721,033
160,685
950,997
468,732
140,620
44,918
2,774,506
2010-2035
19,427,923
13,814,508
5,613,414
32,121,442
3,073,402
18,469,273
8,137,513
2,441,254
785,200
52,334,565
14,241
17,182
20,278
23,884
27,074
484,172
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: California
($Th)
2010
Federal Taxes
832,152
Personal Taxes
696,726
Corporate Taxes
135,426
State and Local Taxes
684,244
Personal Taxes
221,412
Corporate Taxes
462,832
Severance Taxes
0
Ad Valorem Taxes
0
Federal Royalty Payments
0
Total Govt Revenue
1,516,396
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
0
2015
1,222,812
1,023,707
199,105
1,013,838
322,713
691,125
0
0
0
2,236,651
2020
1,437,927
1,203,909
234,018
1,187,999
377,641
810,358
0
0
0
2,625,926
2025
1,441,360
1,205,019
236,341
1,208,210
383,766
824,444
0
0
0
2,649,571
2030
1,518,915
1,269,511
249,404
1,280,517
407,016
873,501
0
0
0
2,799,432
2035
1,863,453
1,554,999
308,454
1,576,497
495,378
1,081,119
0
0
0
3,439,950
2010-2035
34,844,086
29,140,044
5,704,042
29,104,679
9,247,657
19,857,023
0
0
0
63,948,766
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-33
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Colorado
($Th)
2010
Federal Taxes
1,386,141
Personal Taxes
1,035,700
Corporate Taxes
350,442
State and Local Taxes
1,579,908
Personal Taxes
230,443
Corporate Taxes
902,728
Severance Taxes
248,187
Ad Valorem Taxes
198,550
Federal Royalty Payments 231,273
Total Govt Revenue
3,197,323
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
30,577
2015
2,114,452
1,636,244
478,208
2,066,264
356,553
1,213,958
275,419
220,335
253,208
4,433,925
2020
2,230,811
1,740,246
490,565
2,084,772
377,363
1,232,441
263,871
211,097
242,252
4,557,835
2025
1,973,929
1,535,870
438,059
1,971,476
338,475
1,110,727
290,152
232,122
265,108
4,210,513
2030
1,848,011
1,439,170
408,842
1,925,593
319,230
1,042,570
313,218
250,574
285,247
4,058,852
2035
2,098,686
1,633,723
464,962
2,131,337
360,109
1,187,464
324,313
259,450
295,940
4,525,963
2010-2035
49,548,086
38,431,207
11,116,879
49,518,640
8,434,483
28,223,964
7,144,552
5,715,641
6,547,114
105,613,840
80,308
94,206
79,875
76,709
79,593
1,930,914
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Connecticut
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
80,441
70,161
10,280
35,292
15,622
19,670
0
0
0
115,734
2015
113,058
98,498
14,560
49,465
21,712
27,752
0
0
0
162,523
2020
132,467
115,695
16,772
57,165
25,443
31,722
0
0
0
189,632
2025
130,817
114,253
16,564
56,935
25,512
31,423
0
0
0
187,752
2030
136,020
119,089
16,932
58,928
26,775
32,153
0
0
0
194,948
2035
165,889
145,386
20,502
71,380
32,484
38,896
0
0
0
237,269
2010-2035
3,177,633
2,776,543
401,090
1,379,147
617,478
761,670
0
0
0
4,556,781
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-34
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Delaware
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
22,147
18,401
3,747
16,815
4,380
12,436
0
0
0
38,963
2015
31,006
25,948
5,058
23,326
6,137
17,189
0
0
0
54,331
2020
42,573
35,761
6,812
31,834
8,457
23,376
0
0
0
74,407
2025
41,635
35,071
6,564
31,057
8,424
22,633
0
0
0
72,692
2030
46,369
39,087
7,282
34,636
9,455
25,181
0
0
0
81,005
2035
62,977
53,054
9,923
47,093
12,757
34,336
0
0
0
110,069
2010-2035
1,020,725
857,967
162,758
764,031
205,208
558,824
0
0
0
1,784,756
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: District of
Columbia
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
11,493
10,847
646
3,685
1,860
1,825
0
0
0
15,178
2015
17,370
16,377
993
5,606
2,808
2,799
0
0
0
22,977
2020
21,887
20,655
1,232
7,002
3,537
3,465
0
0
0
28,889
2025
22,288
21,017
1,271
7,180
3,605
3,574
0
0
0
29,468
2030
23,878
22,519
1,358
7,681
3,860
3,821
0
0
0
31,559
2035
30,047
28,331
1,716
9,682
4,858
4,824
0
0
0
39,728
2010-2035
530,962
500,785
30,177
170,764
85,848
84,916
0
0
0
701,726
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-35
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Florida
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
321,178
279,055
42,123
215,188
13,845
201,342
0
0
0
536,365
2015
535,885
468,084
67,801
350,570
20,633
329,936
0
0
0
886,455
2020
551,106
476,103
75,003
376,773
23,325
353,448
0
0
0
927,879
2025
507,671
437,328
70,343
353,285
18,717
334,568
0
0
0
860,956
2030
641,715
556,464
85,251
434,872
24,540
410,332
0
0
0
1,076,587
2035
705,608
606,752
98,856
495,319
25,978
469,340
0
0
0
1,200,927
2010-2035
13,748,850
11,904,410
1,844,440
9,353,767
535,635
8,818,132
0
0
0
23,102,617
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Georgia
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
164,265
132,696
31,569
106,311
33,416
72,895
0
0
0
270,576
2015
222,406
179,141
43,265
142,021
44,421
97,601
0
0
0
364,428
2020
272,557
219,005
53,552
181,175
54,708
126,468
0
0
0
453,732
2025
255,042
204,112
50,930
172,285
51,697
120,589
0
0
0
427,328
2030
294,916
236,954
57,962
190,346
60,058
130,287
0
0
0
485,262
2035
348,617
279,784
68,833
229,130
70,506
158,625
0
0
0
577,747
2010-2035
6,506,813
5,227,263
1,279,550
4,267,743
1,314,221
2,953,522
0
0
0
10,774,556
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-36
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Idaho
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
19,469
16,294
3,175
11,860
3,769
8,091
0
0
0
31,329
2015
29,584
24,713
4,870
18,021
5,659
12,362
0
0
0
47,605
2020
36,749
30,591
6,158
22,501
6,988
15,513
0
0
0
59,250
2025
38,466
31,893
6,573
24,006
7,398
16,608
0
0
0
62,472
2030
41,831
34,575
7,256
26,427
8,075
18,352
0
0
0
68,258
2035
52,903
43,558
9,345
33,720
10,110
23,611
0
0
0
86,623
2010-2035
914,082
758,489
155,592
568,730
175,298
393,432
0
0
0
1,482,812
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Illinois
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
379,894
324,743
55,151
249,709
60,373
189,305
0
31
30
629,632
2015
521,383
445,680
75,703
344,003
81,191
262,812
0
1
1
865,388
2020
668,911
572,687
96,225
433,530
105,131
328,400
0
0
0
1,102,442
2025
640,333
549,461
90,873
414,403
101,341
313,063
0
0
0
1,054,736
2030
690,779
593,771
97,008
444,548
110,241
334,307
0
0
0
1,135,327
2035
892,006
767,184
124,821
574,833
141,636
433,197
0
0
0
1,466,838
2010-2035
15,786,786
13,537,813
2,248,973
10,243,776
2,494,534
7,749,159
0
83
80
26,030,642
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-37
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Indiana
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
128,219
107,103
21,117
84,074
22,325
61,749
0
0
0
212,294
2015
165,739
138,500
27,239
109,665
28,014
81,651
0
0
0
275,405
2020
221,475
185,240
36,235
142,773
38,136
104,637
0
0
0
364,248
2025
206,855
173,702
33,154
131,738
35,557
96,181
0
0
0
338,594
2030
224,532
188,817
35,715
142,250
38,904
103,346
0
0
0
366,782
2035
287,185
241,158
46,026
186,102
49,444
136,658
0
0
0
473,287
2010-2035
5,131,521
4,301,949
829,571
3,307,575
882,481
2,425,094
0
0
0
8,439,095
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Iowa
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
54,558
44,410
10,149
42,495
9,982
32,513
0
0
0
97,054
2015
86,140
70,118
16,022
67,006
15,571
51,434
0
0
0
153,146
2020
104,873
85,196
19,677
81,632
18,866
62,766
0
0
0
186,506
2025
109,854
89,275
20,579
86,075
20,054
66,022
0
0
0
195,930
2030
120,756
98,114
22,641
94,947
22,184
72,762
0
0
0
215,702
2035
155,480
126,097
29,383
122,609
28,342
94,267
0
0
0
278,089
2010-2035
2,633,214
2,139,785
493,428
2,061,061
479,188
1,581,874
0
0
0
4,694,275
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-38
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Kansas
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
64,324
50,753
13,571
55,654
11,696
38,062
3,065
2,831
71
120,048
2015
91,042
73,379
17,662
64,399
16,210
47,599
307
283
7
155,448
2020
106,597
86,332
20,265
72,875
18,974
53,849
27
25
1
179,472
2025
109,648
89,077
20,570
74,802
19,869
54,928
3
2
0
184,450
2030
118,864
96,813
22,050
80,698
21,746
58,951
1
0
0
199,562
2035
150,003
122,315
27,687
101,176
27,319
73,856
1
1
0
251,179
2010-2035
2,666,565
2,160,682
505,883
1,855,950
481,535
1,356,430
9,349
8,636
216
4,522,730
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Kentucky
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
130,244
94,404
35,840
157,598
26,551
105,390
20,992
4,665
3,315
291,156
2015
155,557
112,190
43,367
196,317
31,709
131,177
27,353
6,078
4,296
356,170
2020
190,668
141,993
48,675
213,700
39,130
143,054
25,786
5,730
4,044
408,411
2025
170,532
126,830
43,702
193,369
35,621
129,062
23,470
5,216
3,694
367,595
2030
178,348
133,771
44,577
199,676
37,594
131,315
25,172
5,594
3,946
381,969
2035
221,268
166,360
54,907
247,240
46,284
165,365
29,119
6,471
4,544
473,052
2010-2035
4,354,304
3,225,828
1,128,476
5,027,402
902,356
3,349,935
634,183
140,929
99,545
9,481,251
4,333
2,874
3,468
4,093
4,820
5,464
100,767
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-39
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Louisiana
($Th)
2010
Federal Taxes
1,052,791
Personal Taxes
784,452
Corporate Taxes
268,338
State and Local Taxes
1,020,976
Personal Taxes
140,109
Corporate Taxes
804,853
Severance Taxes
28,541
Ad Valorem Taxes
47,474
Federal Royalty Payments
0
Total Govt Revenue
2,073,767
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
39,076
2015
1,857,187
1,323,847
533,340
2,039,799
236,215
1,613,738
63,754
126,091
0
3,896,986
2020
2,249,761
1,561,864
687,897
2,618,671
279,411
2,062,794
89,953
186,515
0
$4,868,433
2025
2,627,846
1,808,928
818,918
3,175,771
329,280
2,469,303
111,298
265,889
0
5,803,617
2030
2,743,095
1,881,100
861,995
3,392,989
345,002
2,600,643
122,246
325,097
0
6,136,084
2035
3,437,170
2,346,907
1,090,263
4,265,159
428,066
3,285,162
135,937
415,995
0
7,702,330
2010-2035
58,614,351
40,707,093
17,907,258
69,351,485
7,369,974
53,957,431
2,347,450
5,676,631
0
127,965,836
45,855
57,967
68,439
81,099
105,496
1,628,231
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Maine
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
19,285
17,841
1,444
7,139
3,059
4,080
0
0
0
26,424
2015
27,680
25,590
2,090
10,275
4,388
5,887
0
0
0
37,955
2020
33,336
30,843
2,493
12,295
5,281
7,014
0
0
0
45,632
2025
33,412
30,898
2,514
12,370
5,301
7,069
0
0
0
45,781
2030
35,666
32,984
2,682
13,199
5,654
7,545
0
0
0
48,866
2035
44,011
40,688
3,323
16,320
6,977
9,343
0
0
0
60,331
2010-2035
808,713
747,899
60,814
299,342
128,210
171,132
0
0
0
1,108,055
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-40
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Maryland
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
91,191
77,480
13,711
61,298
25,770
35,527
0
0
0
152,489
2015
135,376
114,757
20,619
91,010
37,787
53,222
0
0
0
226,386
2020
164,249
139,552
24,696
109,101
45,844
63,257
0
0
0
273,350
2025
163,116
138,326
24,790
109,828
46,140
63,688
0
0
0
272,944
2030
171,481
145,440
26,040
115,812
48,845
66,967
0
0
0
287,293
2035
213,435
180,927
32,508
143,902
60,386
83,517
0
0
0
357,337
2010-2035
3,932,673
3,336,394
596,279
2,641,752
1,108,473
1,533,279
0
0
0
6,574,425
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Massachusetts
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
146,851
124,517
22,335
115,756
32,775
82,980
0
0
0
262,607
2015
216,489
182,386
34,102
174,528
47,527
127,001
0
0
0
391,017
2020
263,407
222,233
41,174
210,948
57,772
153,175
0
0
0
474,355
2025
260,256
219,255
41,001
210,866
57,875
152,990
0
0
0
471,122
2030
273,278
230,707
42,570
220,321
61,316
159,005
0
0
0
493,598
2035
339,412
286,918
52,494
271,652
75,781
195,871
0
0
0
611,065
2010-2035
6,282,806
5,301,499
981,307
5,051,833
1,393,845
3,657,988
0
0
0
11,334,639
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-41
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Michigan
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
361,495
297,935
63,560
329,377
70,225
223,399
27,502
8,251
1,775
692,647
2015
484,124
405,778
78,346
398,353
93,288
276,796
21,746
6,524
1,393
883,871
2020
585,590
495,807
89,783
448,739
112,595
317,197
14,574
4,372
933
1,035,262
2025
570,246
484,196
86,050
431,228
111,281
305,844
10,849
3,255
692
1,002,166
2030
620,494
528,341
92,153
462,232
121,931
328,707
8,918
2,675
567
1,083,293
2035
806,084
686,605
119,479
596,644
157,371
425,972
10,231
3,069
648
1,403,376
2010-2035
14,221,219
12,031,956
2,189,262
11,017,812
2,764,467
7,766,148
374,767
112,430
23,984
25,263,015
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Minnesota
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
124,734
102,603
22,131
98,883
28,220
70,663
0
0
0
223,617
2015
196,771
162,424
34,347
153,471
44,227
109,244
0
0
0
350,242
2020
233,008
192,483
40,524
180,190
52,287
127,903
0
0
0
413,198
2025
231,463
191,208
40,255
180,173
52,740
127,433
0
0
0
411,636
2030
244,250
202,079
42,171
189,753
56,121
133,633
0
0
0
434,003
2035
303,979
251,611
52,367
235,223
69,442
165,781
0
0
0
539,201
2010-2035
5,599,240
4,626,513
972,727
4,353,199
1,271,028
3,082,171
0
0
0
9,952,439
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-42
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Mississippi
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
32,384
25,935
6,449
35,043
5,165
29,878
0
0
0
67,427
2015
80,389
67,488
12,900
72,872
13,305
59,567
0
0
0
153,261
2020
72,582
59,514
13,068
71,584
11,705
59,879
0
0
0
144,165
2025
67,240
54,615
12,626
68,933
10,906
58,026
0
0
0
136,173
2030
70,209
56,922
13,286
72,569
11,445
61,124
0
0
0
142,778
2035
84,006
67,883
16,123
87,663
13,564
74,099
0
0
0
171,669
2010-2035
1,743,071
1,427,238
315,832
1,736,552
283,627
1,452,926
0
0
0
3,479,623
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Missouri
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
257,958
215,624
42,334
167,947
45,007
122,940
0
0
0
425,905
2015
359,549
300,709
58,840
234,043
61,582
172,461
0
0
0
593,592
2020
461,931
386,650
75,281
295,992
79,717
216,274
0
0
0
757,923
2025
452,645
379,639
73,006
289,458
78,718
210,741
0
0
0
742,103
2030
493,271
413,996
79,275
315,102
86,418
228,683
0
0
0
808,373
2035
612,087
513,130
98,957
395,111
106,485
288,626
0
0
0
1,007,198
2010-2035
11,012,092
9,226,856
1,785,236
7,080,616
1,910,908
5,169,708
0
0
0
18,092,709
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-43
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Montana
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
19,456
14,053
5,403
22,742
3,707
13,767
4,536
732
1,742
43,940
2015
27,195
19,787
7,408
28,919
5,149
18,765
4,310
695
1,645
57,760
2020
31,891
23,464
8,427
31,641
6,047
21,068
3,897
629
1,485
65,017
2025
32,331
23,900
8,431
32,203
6,254
21,141
4,140
668
1,571
66,105
2030
34,036
25,269
8,767
33,487
6,655
21,998
4,163
671
1,574
69,097
2035
42,596
31,643
10,952
40,884
8,279
27,447
4,442
716
1,673
85,153
2010-2035
782,396
576,346
206,050
790,316
150,489
517,893
104,999
16,935
39,919
1,612,631
8
24
62
64
68
74
1,302
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Nebraska
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
34,580
28,157
6,423
26,295
5,404
20,890
0
0
0
60,875
2015
55,676
45,260
10,416
43,486
8,601
34,884
0
0
0
99,161
2020
70,000
56,972
13,028
54,882
10,802
44,080
0
0
0
124,882
2025
73,926
60,306
13,620
58,637
11,611
47,026
0
0
0
132,563
2030
81,225
66,475
14,749
64,334
12,888
51,447
0
0
0
145,559
2035
103,663
84,994
18,669
81,723
16,376
65,348
0
0
0
185,386
2010-2035
1,749,736
1,427,939
321,797
1,376,741
273,964
1,102,778
0
0
0
3,126,478
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-44
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Nevada
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
82,974
69,982
12,992
56,246
4,924
51,323
0
0
0
139,221
2015
64,443
52,140
12,303
29,323
3,644
25,679
0
0
0
93,766
2020
88,824
71,291
17,533
61,810
4,957
56,854
0
0
0
150,634
2025
84,066
68,223
15,843
37,742
4,830
32,912
0
0
0
121,808
2030
92,896
75,452
17,444
41,653
5,379
36,275
0
0
0
134,550
2035
119,430
97,101
22,329
53,265
6,879
46,386
0
0
0
172,694
2010-2035
2,157,155
1,753,240
403,915
1,126,420
123,555
1,002,864
0
0
0
3,283,575
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: New Hampshire
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
26,999
23,022
3,977
19,148
1,518
17,631
0
0
0
46,148
2015
39,475
33,559
5,916
28,314
2,190
26,124
0
0
0
67,789
2020
50,078
42,629
7,449
35,415
2,776
32,639
0
0
0
85,493
2025
49,950
42,461
7,490
35,724
2,807
32,917
0
0
0
85,674
2030
53,798
45,745
8,053
38,473
3,045
35,428
0
0
0
92,272
2035
69,070
58,785
10,285
49,093
3,889
45,204
0
0
0
118,163
2010-2035
1,206,680
1,026,487
180,194
860,234
67,609
792,625
0
0
0
2,066,914
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-45
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: New Jersey
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
210,501
179,321
31,179
142,431
35,561
106,870
0
0
0
352,932
2015
279,500
235,390
44,110
195,501
45,219
150,282
0
0
0
475,001
2020
359,117
300,322
58,796
252,632
58,438
194,194
0
0
0
611,750
2025
344,742
284,887
59,855
255,087
55,364
199,723
0
0
0
599,829
2030
368,102
302,450
65,652
277,652
59,139
218,512
0
0
0
645,754
2035
469,161
382,690
86,471
364,674
74,416
290,258
0
0
0
833,835
2010-2035
8,456,463
7,020,272
1,436,191
6,172,123
1,365,743
4,806,380
0
0
0
14,628,586
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: New Mexico
($Th)
2010
Federal Taxes
306,482
Personal Taxes
214,571
Corporate Taxes
91,910
State and Local Taxes
632,190
Personal Taxes
44,673
Corporate Taxes
332,225
Severance Taxes
214,727
Ad Valorem Taxes
40,566
Federal Royalty Payments 152,245
Total Govt Revenue
1,090,917
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
921
2015
293,283
206,500
86,783
604,564
42,544
312,658
209,739
39,623
147,382
1,045,229
2020
247,819
177,450
70,369
482,034
36,403
251,568
163,227
30,836
114,605
844,458
2025
230,834
167,712
63,122
453,146
34,852
226,712
161,140
30,442
112,485
796,464
2030
219,109
159,406
59,704
446,795
33,348
214,508
167,328
31,611
116,457
782,361
2035
259,394
188,737
70,657
521,239
39,239
253,583
192,122
36,295
133,252
913,885
2010-2035
6,369,916
4,563,609
1,806,307
12,816,267
945,514
6,491,745
4,524,292
854,715
3,168,384
22,354,566
1,100
1,264
1,492
1,757
1,991
35,343
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-46
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: New York
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
377,030
321,607
55,423
344,139
119,250
224,169
0
720
185
721,354
2015
543,298
464,789
78,509
494,806
169,903
324,479
0
424
82
1,038,185
2020
669,605
574,057
95,548
598,912
205,282
393,363
0
268
38
1,268,555
2025
649,544
557,483
92,061
588,849
203,135
385,522
0
192
20
1,238,412
2030
678,123
582,191
95,932
617,323
213,054
404,111
0
158
13
1,295,459
2035
834,018
715,127
118,890
764,866
259,941
504,737
0
188
15
1,598,899
2010-2035
15,730,469
13,484,435
2,246,034
14,271,959
4,904,842
9,359,643
0
7,475
1,258
30,003,686
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: North Carolina
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
131,483
105,465
26,018
120,058
27,758
92,300
0
0
0
251,541
2015
193,002
159,863
33,139
106,925
40,913
66,012
0
0
0
299,926
2020
238,469
192,399
46,070
211,571
50,014
161,557
0
0
0
450,040
2025
241,936
198,499
43,437
171,833
52,093
119,740
0
0
0
413,769
2030
265,848
217,729
48,119
196,139
57,598
138,541
0
0
0
461,987
2035
334,336
278,588
55,748
184,395
72,287
112,107
0
0
0
518,731
2010-2035
5,860,818
4,802,581
1,058,236
4,193,472
1,253,204
2,940,268
0
0
0
10,054,290
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-47
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: North Dakota
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
15,676
14,124
1,552
6,806
2,422
4,384
0
0
0
22,482
2015
28,082
24,924
3,159
13,171
4,273
8,897
0
0
0
41,253
2020
36,272
32,196
4,076
16,979
5,513
11,466
0
0
0
53,251
2025
39,022
34,569
4,452
18,451
5,931
12,520
0
0
0
57,473
2030
43,701
38,727
4,974
20,631
6,639
13,992
0
0
0
64,332
2035
57,394
50,769
6,625
27,333
8,706
18,627
0
0
0
84,727
2010-2035
918,061
814,313
103,748
431,505
139,597
291,908
0
0
0
1,349,566
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Ohio
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
370,263
307,420
62,843
317,082
91,344
224,457
632
649
176
687,521
2015
475,107
394,464
80,643
409,300
116,411
292,027
425
437
94
884,501
2020
649,654
540,120
109,534
548,670
158,358
389,790
257
264
45
1,198,369
2025
612,998
510,220
102,777
522,544
152,385
369,792
181
186
24
1,135,566
2030
683,808
569,746
114,062
581,573
171,298
409,980
146
150
16
1,265,397
2035
929,331
774,209
155,122
790,096
231,333
558,425
167
172
19
1,719,446
2010-2035
15,356,818
12,776,823
2,579,994
13,078,383
3,798,954
9,265,154
7,042
7,234
1,386
28,436,587
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-48
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Oklahoma
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
414,348
295,681
118,667
447,110
61,471
259,335
104,015
22,289
13,742
875,199
2015
621,801
443,054
178,746
666,949
90,862
382,226
159,651
34,211
21,340
1,310,090
2020
730,719
523,454
207,265
770,889
106,981
437,836
186,177
39,895
24,932
1,526,540
2025
765,869
547,718
218,151
862,468
113,781
461,800
236,260
50,627
31,508
1,659,844
2030
824,078
590,672
233,405
958,907
123,511
493,227
281,787
60,383
37,502
1,820,487
2035
1,025,377
734,381
290,995
1,185,825
152,600
613,705
345,487
74,033
45,849
2,257,050
2010-2035
18,311,639
13,099,645
5,211,994
20,378,400
2,710,849
11,058,039
5,443,128
1,166,385
725,384
39,415,423
7,592
25,639
33,244
39,931
52,102
65,577
937,509
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Oregon
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
77,798
63,488
14,310
64,768
20,948
43,819
0
0
0
142,565
2015
102,988
83,204
19,784
89,102
26,595
62,507
0
0
0
192,090
2020
127,831
103,344
24,488
110,425
32,961
77,464
0
0
0
238,256
2025
128,349
103,582
24,767
112,028
33,547
78,481
0
0
0
240,376
2030
135,598
109,227
26,371
119,183
35,619
83,564
0
0
0
254,781
2035
169,332
135,981
33,350
149,620
44,068
105,552
0
0
0
318,952
2010-2035
3,091,657
2,495,458
596,199
2,689,652
806,150
1,883,502
0
0
0
5,781,309
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-49
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Pennsylvania
($Th)
2010
Federal Taxes
819,692
Personal Taxes
653,764
Corporate Taxes
165,928
State and Local Taxes
641,630
Personal Taxes
142,330
Corporate Taxes
499,300
Severance Taxes
0
Ad Valorem Taxes
0
Federal Royalty Payments
14,460
Total Govt Revenue
1,475,782
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
37,852
2015
1,788,973
1,349,558
439,414
1,642,573
299,334
1,343,239
0
0
73,356
3,504,902
2020
2,664,295
2,010,479
653,816
2,419,581
444,253
1,975,328
0
0
116,855
5,200,732
2025
2,760,482
2,062,636
697,846
2,587,699
464,989
2,122,710
0
0
154,278
5,502,459
2030
3,115,655
2,332,385
783,270
2,909,403
528,309
2,381,094
0
0
196,276
6,221,333
2035
4,460,429
3,340,073
1,120,356
4,149,587
750,423
3,399,164
0
0
279,174
8,889,189
2010-2035
64,847,323
48,759,880
16,087,444
59,774,322
10,916,307
48,858,015
0
0
3,437,911
128,059,557
53,558
92,891
95,328
134,733
210,003
2,502,188
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Rhode Island
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
16,695
15,513
1,182
6,000
2,660
3,340
0
0
0
22,695
2015
24,085
22,346
1,740
8,731
3,831
4,900
0
0
0
32,817
2020
28,640
26,598
2,043
10,301
4,554
5,746
0
0
0
38,941
2025
28,064
26,056
2,008
10,117
4,470
5,647
0
0
0
38,181
2030
29,232
27,156
2,076
10,495
4,655
5,840
0
0
0
39,728
2035
35,451
32,932
2,519
12,729
5,647
7,082
0
0
0
48,179
2010-2035
680,476
631,893
48,584
245,041
108,323
136,718
0
0
0
925,518
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-50
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: South Carolina
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
61,207
49,380
11,827
52,665
11,003
41,662
0
0
0
113,872
2015
89,914
74,849
15,064
46,014
16,218
29,796
0
0
0
135,927
2020
113,586
91,890
21,697
94,702
20,218
74,484
0
0
0
208,289
2025
115,260
94,803
20,457
76,263
21,058
55,205
0
0
0
191,523
2030
126,649
103,987
22,662
87,156
23,283
63,873
0
0
0
213,805
2035
159,308
133,054
26,255
80,907
29,221
51,686
0
0
0
240,216
2010-2035
2,778,331
2,283,732
494,599
1,854,607
504,445
1,350,162
0
0
0
4,632,939
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: South Dakota
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
11,851
9,690
2,161
6,230
722
5,508
0
0
0
18,081
2015
17,861
14,584
3,277
9,395
1,075
8,319
0
0
0
27,256
2020
21,549
17,611
3,938
11,216
1,296
9,920
0
0
0
32,765
2025
22,058
17,991
4,067
11,619
1,344
10,275
0
0
0
33,676
2030
23,751
19,342
4,408
12,604
1,455
11,149
0
0
0
36,355
2035
29,685
24,110
5,575
15,888
1,802
14,086
0
0
0
45,573
2010-2035
529,937
432,142
97,794
279,456
32,159
247,297
0
0
0
809,393
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-51
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Tennessee
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
92,813
77,657
15,156
47,648
4,077
43,571
0
0
0
140,461
2015
123,174
102,325
20,849
73,258
2,996
70,263
0
0
0
196,432
2020
169,484
141,670
27,814
88,643
7,347
81,295
0
0
0
258,127
2025
158,042
131,835
26,207
88,629
3,974
84,655
0
0
0
246,671
2030
171,905
143,684
28,221
94,357
4,334
90,023
0
0
0
266,262
2035
217,467
180,964
36,503
130,310
5,432
124,878
0
0
0
347,776
2010-2035
3,888,723
3,244,123
644,600
2,169,331
117,030
2,052,301
0
0
0
6,058,054
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Texas
($Th)
2010
Federal Taxes
5,404,857
Personal Taxes
4,030,771
Corporate Taxes
1,374,086
State and Local Taxes
5,444,695
Personal Taxes
313,110
Corporate Taxes
3,478,954
Severance Taxes
1,304,708
Ad Valorem Taxes
347,922
Federal Royalty Payments
41,701
Total Govt Revenue
10,891,252
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
111,548
2015
7,338,322
5,469,925
1,868,397
7,358,503
420,495
4,673,678
1,787,630
476,701
60,285
14,757,110
2020
9,240,879
6,947,423
2,293,456
8,923,748
532,353
5,670,580
2,148,011
572,803
77,139
18,241,767
2025
9,608,788
7,205,344
2,403,445
9,935,765
560,817
5,958,069
2,697,536
719,343
100,201
19,644,754
2030
10,366,027
7,796,562
2,569,465
11,028,021
610,848
6,369,334
3,195,663
852,177
121,993
21,516,041
2035
12,729,949
9,567,990
3,161,959
13,529,109
744,998
7,830,240
3,910,950
1,042,920
152,541
26,411,599
2010-2035
228,107,095
171,093,173
57,013,923
233,664,694
13,267,833
141,631,292
62,183,344
16,582,225
2,283,696
464,055,485
201,214
312,016
358,963
468,995
570,309
8,410,580
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-52
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Utah
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
349,074
278,915
70,159
286,454
64,304
194,220
21,485
6,446
25,976
661,504
2015
435,877
346,745
89,132
351,669
78,838
239,963
25,283
7,585
30,306
817,852
2020
492,928
391,919
101,009
397,087
88,875
268,894
30,245
9,073
36,263
926,278
2025
521,979
414,521
107,458
436,815
95,574
287,622
41,245
12,374
49,156
1,007,950
2030
544,800
432,420
112,379
468,796
100,465
301,675
51,274
15,382
60,950
1,074,546
2035
611,599
486,645
124,955
515,723
112,279
334,743
52,848
15,854
62,625
1,189,948
2010-2035
12,379,605
9,841,928
2,537,677
10,277,277
2,260,221
6,813,174
926,063
277,819
1,104,876
23,761,759
23,893
33,101
39,026
46,416
54,974
59,487
1,076,035
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Vermont
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
10,479
9,669
809
3,945
1,658
2,287
0
0
0
14,423
2015
15,732
14,503
1,229
5,948
2,487
3,461
0
0
0
21,680
2020
19,144
17,671
1,474
7,171
3,026
4,145
0
0
0
26,316
2025
18,795
17,353
1,443
7,034
2,977
4,057
0
0
0
25,829
2030
19,593
18,102
1,491
7,298
3,103
4,194
0
0
0
26,891
2035
23,733
21,930
1,802
8,828
3,760
5,067
0
0
0
32,560
2010-2035
451,852
417,142
34,710
169,184
71,509
97,675
0
0
0
621,036
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-53
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Virginia
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
179,773
145,220
34,553
140,970
37,193
95,797
5,320
2,660
493
321,236
2015
226,426
183,934
42,492
174,137
46,568
119,719
5,234
2,617
633
401,196
2020
293,992
241,664
52,328
211,537
60,305
144,454
4,518
2,259
594
506,123
2025
281,485
232,484
49,001
200,916
58,666
135,506
4,496
2,248
607
483,008
2030
307,547
255,085
52,462
216,806
64,468
145,216
4,749
2,374
645
524,999
2035
400,192
332,185
68,006
283,723
83,091
192,407
5,483
2,742
742
684,657
2010-2035
6,997,165
5,759,353
1,237,812
5,078,712
1,450,739
3,444,983
121,994
60,997
15,488
12,091,365
1,083
719
867
1,023
1,205
1,366
25,192
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Washington
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
97,610
83,606
14,004
63,617
3,501
60,117
0
0
0
161,227
2015
145,996
125,024
20,973
96,265
5,184
91,081
0
0
0
242,261
2020
179,029
153,365
25,665
118,526
6,339
112,187
0
0
0
297,555
2025
184,874
158,330
26,545
123,049
6,642
116,407
0
0
0
307,923
2030
199,488
170,846
28,643
132,932
7,228
125,704
0
0
0
332,420
2035
252,333
215,985
36,348
168,441
9,070
159,371
0
0
0
420,775
2010-2035
4,421,799
3,786,796
635,003
2,934,002
158,389
2,775,613
0
0
0
7,355,802
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-54
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: West Virginia
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
227,900
165,192
62,708
280,197
30,400
174,497
57,923
17,377
5,750
513,847
2015
434,997
302,676
132,321
658,548
55,785
380,798
170,742
51,222
17,095
1,110,639
2020
621,405
436,789
184,616
922,013
81,130
521,237
245,881
73,764
24,627
1,568,044
2025
631,110
438,417
192,692
1,040,158
82,124
549,154
314,523
94,357
31,388
1,702,656
2030
702,947
490,291
212,656
1,207,815
92,220
604,527
393,129
117,939
39,126
1,949,888
2035
996,505
696,791
299,714
1,697,928
130,097
852,167
550,511
165,153
54,574
2,749,007
2010-2035
15,013,300
10,495,820
4,517,480
24,087,982
1,957,543
12,845,244
7,142,458
2,142,737
711,988
39,813,269
18,034
21,445
35,298
36,892
50,936
76,831
960,022
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Wisconsin
($Th)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Severance Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Govt Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
112,061
93,306
18,755
99,032
23,734
75,298
0
0
0
211,092
2015
167,446
139,265
28,180
147,345
35,205
112,140
0
0
0
314,791
2020
205,797
171,484
34,313
178,940
43,184
135,757
0
0
0
384,737
2025
213,082
177,745
35,337
185,509
45,503
140,006
0
0
0
398,591
2030
231,227
193,278
37,948
200,368
49,804
150,564
0
0
0
431,595
2035
293,337
245,497
47,841
252,701
62,797
189,904
0
0
0
546,038
2010-2035
5,101,251
4,255,871
845,380
4,440,145
1,084,807
3,355,338
0
0
0
9,541,395
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
A-55
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Contribution of Unconventional Gas* to Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Wyoming
($Th)
2010
Federal Taxes
723,916
Personal Taxes
524,060
Corporate Taxes
199,856
State and Local Taxes
1,170,784
Personal Taxes
31,098
Corporate Taxes
432,619
Severance Taxes
347,738
Ad Valorem Taxes
359,329
Federal Royalty Payments 352,785
Total Govt Revenue
2,247,486
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
15,515
2015
1,096,250
804,405
291,845
1,746,181
47,418
616,245
532,386
550,132
519,809
3,362,240
2020
1,182,853
869,349
313,503
1,910,967
51,145
654,330
592,865
612,627
572,414
3,666,233
2025
1,350,392
995,113
355,279
2,366,746
59,461
742,218
769,705
795,362
735,929
4,453,067
2030
1,465,865
1,083,147
382,718
2,776,038
65,199
797,764
940,857
972,218
895,030
5,136,932
2035
1,865,673
1,376,649
489,024
3,331,886
82,334
1,019,413
1,096,790
1,133,349
1,045,147
6,242,707
2010-2035
31,950,772
23,511,845
8,438,927
55,256,332
1,399,692
17,682,868
17,790,380
18,383,392
17,110,736
104,317,840
44,669
53,617
72,613
97,412
121,730
1,684,667
Note: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
A-56
JUNE 2012
The Economic and Employment
Contributions of Unconventional Gas
Development in State Economies
Appendix B. Economic Contributions by
State, Industry, and Year
Prepared for:
AMERICA'S NATURAL GAS ALLIANCE
Submitted by:
IHS Inc.
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
June 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
About IHS (ihs.com)
IHS Inc. (NYSE: IHS) is a leading source of information and insight in critical areas that shape today's business landscape, including energy and power; design and supply chain; defense, risk and security; environmental, health and safety, and sustainability; country and industry forecasting; and commodities, pricing and cost. IHS has been in business since 1959 and
became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange in 2005. Headquartered in Englewood, Colorado,
USA, IHS employs more than 5,100 people in more than 30 countries around the world.
About IHS Global Insight
IHS Global Insightis one of the leading economic analysis and forecasting firms in the world. With over 600 economists, statisticians, and industry specialists in 25 offices worldwide, IHS Global Insight has an established track record for providing rigorous, objective forecast analysis and data to governments and businesses around the world.
Among our areas of expertise are the economic impact, tax implications, and job-creation dynamics within multiple sectors
core to national, state and local economies. It helps governments and companies at all levels interpret the impact of proposed investments, policies, programs, and projects.
IHS Global Insight was formed by the merger of DRI and WEFA. Still active in an advisory capacity to the firm is the original
founder of WEFA, Lawrence R. Klein, the 1980 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
For more information, contact:
Richard F. Fullenbaum
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
Richard.Fullenbaum@ihs.com
John W. Larson
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
John.Larson@ihs.com
For press information, contact:
Jim Dorsey
Senior Manager Media Relations, IHS
Jim.Dorsey@ihs.com
IHS
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
© 2012 IHS. All information contained herein is obtained by IHS Inc. from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. All forecasts and predictions contained herein are believed by IHS, Inc. to be as accurate as the data and methodologies will allow. However, because of the possibilities of human and mechanical error, as well as other factors such as unforeseen and unforeseeable
changes in political and economic circumstances beyond IHS's control, the information herein is provided "as is" without warranty of
any kind and IHS Inc., AND ALL THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED TO ANY SUBSCRIBER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY AS TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS,
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY OF THE INFORMATION OR FORECASTS CONTAINED HEREIN.
ii
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Appendix B. Economic Contributions by State, Industry, and Year
Appendix B presents the same contribution results as in Appendix A - employment, value added and labor income
- disaggregated by major industry grouping for each of the five year increments (2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030,
and 2035).
A summary description of the tables is as follows:
1. Employment Contribution by State and Industry. These tables present estimates of employment contributions
on a direct, indirect, induced, and total basis for each state by industry for each five-year increment.
2. Value Added Contribution by State and Industry. These tables present estimates of value added contributions
on a direct, indirect, induced, and total basis for each state by industry for each five-year increment.
3. Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry. These tables present estimates of labor income contributions
on a direct, indirect, induced, and total basis for each state by industry for each five-year increment.
IHS
B-1
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Employment Contribution by State and Industry
Alabama Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-2
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
580
602
13
0
0
0
0
1,195
Indirect
64
89
253
1,058
269
221
1,402
61
3,417
Induced
173
13
41
479
236
775
2,274
73
4,063
Total
237
683
896
1,549
505
996
3,676
134
8,675
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
371
1,657
14
0
0
0
0
2,042
Indirect
89
124
251
1,556
404
357
2,093
86
4,960
Induced
245
19
53
696
336
1,080
3,140
101
5,670
Total
334
514
1,962
2,265
740
1,436
5,233
188
12,673
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
211
1,005
16
0
0
0
0
1,232
Indirect
107
169
235
1,924
437
354
2,193
100
5,519
Induced
289
27
54
841
362
1,110
3,341
112
6,137
Total
395
408
1,294
2,782
799
1,465
5,534
212
12,888
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Alabama Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
118
493
17
0
0
0
0
628
Indirect
102
175
219
2,045
414
319
2,069
97
5,440
Induced
280
29
51
888
351
1,044
3,199
108
5,950
Total
382
322
763
2,951
765
1,362
5,268
205
12,018
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
78
952
17
0
0
0
0
1,047
Indirect
107
197
219
2,392
453
373
2,351
106
6,198
Induced
285
32
56
996
378
1,138
3,542
118
6,546
Total
392
307
1,227
3,405
831
1,511
5,894
224
13,791
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
88
290
23
0
0
0
0
401
Indirect
128
251
270
3,138
546
406
2,739
130
7,608
Induced
338
41
66
1,292
462
1,321
4,195
142
7,858
Total
466
380
625
4,453
1,008
1,727
6,934
272
15,866
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-3
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arizona Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-4
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
35
152
165
458
242
198
1,615
54
2,919
Induced
117
14
44
209
233
695
2,626
61
3,999
Total
151
166
209
667
474
894
4,242
115
6,918
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
52
203
268
643
394
303
2,399
80
4,341
Induced
175
18
69
294
375
1,054
3,949
89
6,023
Total
227
221
337
938
769
1,356
6,348
168
10,364
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
65
235
343
779
520
389
3,083
105
5,518
Induced
210
21
90
349
490
1,305
4,992
115
7,572
Total
275
256
433
1,128
1,010
1,695
8,074
219
13,090
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arizona Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
59
222
398
732
559
405
3,259
112
5,745
Induced
201
21
99
343
535
1,348
5,246
124
7,917
Total
261
243
497
1,075
1,094
1,753
8,504
236
13,662
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
69
238
428
767
637
454
3,674
128
6,395
Induced
223
22
106
360
607
1,510
5,882
141
8,852
Total
291
260
535
1,127
1,243
1,964
9,556
269
15,246
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
82
297
543
941
857
575
4,810
168
8,273
Induced
272
28
133
448
818
1,941
7,642
184
11,465
Total
354
325
676
1,389
1,675
2,516
12,452
352
19,737
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-5
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arkansas Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-6
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10,567
1,076
933
847
0
217
0
13,640
Indirect
74
195
1,738
888
1,059
884
4,946
138
9,922
Induced
237
11
136
514
745
2,890
8,407
197
13,136
Total
310
10,773
2,950
2,335
2,651
3,774
13,570
335
36,698
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
15,435
1,509
1,837
740
0
247
0
19,767
Indirect
107
275
2,648
1,299
1,569
1,400
7,427
206
14,930
Induced
354
15
201
739
1,089
4,228
12,308
289
19,222
Total
461
15,724
4,357
3,875
3,398
5,628
19,982
495
53,919
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
18,006
1,587
2,207
824
0
244
0
22,868
Indirect
127
318
2,991
1,601
1,903
1,687
8,795
251
17,673
Induced
423
18
234
886
1,270
4,923
14,338
338
22,430
Total
550
18,342
4,813
4,694
3,997
6,609
23,376
589
62,971
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arkansas Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
18,726
1,714
2,191
841
0
248
0
23,720
Indirect
125
329
3,172
1,627
1,944
1,749
9,145
259
18,350
Induced
428
18
245
924
1,302
5,150
14,993
354
23,414
Total
553
19,073
5,131
4,741
4,086
6,899
24,387
613
65,484
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
19,083
1,732
2,340
864
0
252
0
24,272
Indirect
132
338
3,191
1,739
2,028
1,820
9,437
272
18,958
Induced
446
19
253
975
1,331
5,288
15,411
366
24,089
Total
578
19,440
5,176
5,054
4,223
7,108
25,100
639
67,319
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
22,471
1,977
2,807
983
0
286
0
28,524
Indirect
161
407
3,757
2,091
2,438
2,155
11,188
330
22,526
Induced
546
23
302
1,195
1,585
6,278
18,307
437
28,673
Total
706
22,901
6,037
6,094
5,006
8,433
29,780
766
79,723
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-7
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
California Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-8
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
468
0
4,250
0
0
0
0
4,718
Indirect
160
96
299
1,569
700
693
4,419
135
8,071
Induced
451
15
111
817
539
1,590
6,313
149
9,984
Total
610
580
410
6,636
1,239
2,283
10,732
284
22,773
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
760
547
5,663
0
0
0
0
6,970
Indirect
225
137
456
2,169
1,034
1,014
6,502
199
11,736
Induced
643
22
173
1,179
797
2,314
9,215
217
14,560
Total
868
920
1,176
9,011
1,831
3,328
15,716
416
33,265
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
810
0
6,773
0
0
0
0
7,582
Indirect
276
162
556
2,568
1,257
1,222
7,781
245
14,066
Induced
778
28
220
1,404
968
2,755
10,937
262
17,352
Total
1,054
999
776
10,744
2,225
3,977
18,718
507
39,000
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
California Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
768
0
6,479
0
0
0
0
7,247
Indirect
272
163
587
2,364
1,255
1,205
7,801
245
13,892
Induced
793
28
226
1,367
988
2,763
10,982
265
17,412
Total
1,065
959
813
10,210
2,243
3,968
18,783
510
38,551
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
757
0
6,704
0
0
0
0
7,461
Indirect
291
172
631
2,421
1,347
1,281
8,293
263
14,699
Induced
845
29
248
1,420
1,063
2,925
11,676
284
18,490
Total
1,137
958
879
10,545
2,410
4,205
19,969
547
40,650
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
831
0
7,786
0
0
0
0
8,617
Indirect
358
213
782
2,894
1,658
1,547
10,238
325
18,016
Induced
1,054
36
306
1,744
1,321
3,607
14,443
351
22,861
Total
1,412
1,081
1,088
12,424
2,979
5,153
24,681
676
49,494
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-9
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Colorado Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-10
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
8,490
3,597
8,747
1,163
0
539
0
22,535
Indirect
59
487
2,575
1,033
1,892
2,073
13,248
392
21,759
Induced
313
46
329
706
1,637
7,280
22,324
537
33,172
Total
372
9,023
6,501
10,486
4,692
9,353
36,111
929
77,466
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
12,168
7,214
16,674
2,894
0
1,165
0
40,115
Indirect
98
713
2,927
1,775
3,393
3,610
22,129
636
35,280
Induced
487
71
504
1,081
2,547
11,227
34,389
825
51,130
Total
584
12,952
10,645
19,529
8,834
14,836
57,683
1,461
126,525
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
13,067
7,341
19,053
3,136
0
1,117
0
43,714
Indirect
116
864
2,836
2,029
3,762
3,970
24,242
699
38,518
Induced
560
88
543
1,196
2,754
11,965
36,824
889
54,818
Total
676
14,019
10,720
22,278
9,652
15,935
62,183
1,588
137,050
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Colorado Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10,767
5,693
18,157
2,298
0
818
0
37,733
Indirect
108
897
2,615
1,775
3,287
3,422
20,883
615
33,601
Induced
536
90
474
1,082
2,448
10,453
32,428
786
48,298
Total
644
11,754
8,781
21,013
8,034
13,875
54,129
1,401
119,632
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,474
4,691
18,578
1,926
0
678
0
35,346
Indirect
112
978
2,447
1,706
3,119
3,210
19,537
585
31,695
Induced
550
98
445
1,043
2,326
9,802
30,628
744
45,636
Total
661
10,550
7,583
21,327
7,371
13,012
50,844
1,328
112,677
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10,274
4,901
21,839
2,006
0
702
0
39,723
Indirect
140
1,236
2,797
1,958
3,552
3,603
22,130
668
36,084
Induced
681
123
505
1,212
2,667
11,099
34,903
846
52,036
Total
822
11,633
8,203
25,009
8,225
14,702
57,735
1,514
127,843
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-11
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Connecticut Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-12
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
9
6
78
666
177
130
1,071
29
2,166
Induced
33
1
25
220
176
440
1,923
33
2,851
Total
42
7
103
886
352
570
2,994
63
5,017
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
13
9
124
864
246
191
1,508
45
2,999
Induced
48
1
34
311
237
627
2,709
50
4,016
Total
60
11
157
1,175
483
818
4,217
95
7,015
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
16
12
151
1,057
293
231
1,771
55
3,586
Induced
58
2
40
387
275
737
3,169
59
4,727
Total
74
13
191
1,445
567
968
4,940
114
8,312
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Connecticut Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
15
11
157
1,059
281
228
1,712
54
3,518
Induced
57
2
38
405
266
723
3,084
58
4,633
Total
72
13
195
1,465
547
951
4,796
112
8,151
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
16
11
163
1,176
291
244
1,756
56
3,715
Induced
59
2
39
447
272
750
3,168
61
4,797
Total
76
13
202
1,623
563
994
4,924
117
8,512
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
20
13
203
1,511
352
299
2,102
68
4,568
Induced
73
2
47
575
327
906
3,808
74
5,813
Total
93
15
250
2,086
678
1,205
5,910
142
10,380
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-13
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Delaware Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-14
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
187
0
0
0
0
187
Indirect
3
0
34
81
55
53
376
12
615
Induced
13
0
10
57
39
149
599
12
879
Total
16
0
44
325
94
202
975
24
1,681
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
236
0
0
0
0
236
Indirect
4
0
50
116
77
72
532
17
869
Induced
18
0
15
83
54
205
866
17
1,258
Total
22
0
65
434
131
277
1,398
35
2,362
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
402
0
0
0
0
402
Indirect
6
0
65
148
109
110
720
24
1,182
Induced
23
0
19
101
71
279
1,144
23
1,658
Total
29
0
84
650
180
389
1,864
47
3,242
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Delaware Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
363
0
0
0
0
363
Indirect
5
0
67
134
107
106
704
23
1,147
Induced
23
0
19
100
71
280
1,138
22
1,653
Total
29
0
87
596
178
386
1,842
45
3,163
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
438
0
0
0
0
438
Indirect
6
0
75
139
123
126
776
26
1,270
Induced
25
0
21
106
79
316
1,252
24
1,824
Total
31
0
96
683
202
442
2,028
50
3,532
Induced
33
0
28
132
107
430
1,642
32
2,403
Total
40
1
128
977
279
613
2,667
66
4,770
2035
Direct
Indirect
Agriculture
0
7
Mining
0
0
Construction
0
100
Manufacturing
673
171
Transportation and Utilities
0
172
Retail And WholesaleTrade
0
183
Services
0
1,025
Government
0
35
Total
673
1,694
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-15
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
District of Columbia Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-16
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
5
2
6
5
340
8
366
Induced
0
0
3
2
6
22
495
13
539
Total
0
0
7
4
12
27
835
21
905
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
7
2
9
8
510
14
550
Induced
0
0
4
3
8
31
733
20
798
Total
0
0
10
5
17
39
1,242
34
1,348
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
9
3
12
10
641
18
692
Induced
0
0
5
3
10
39
914
25
997
Total
0
0
14
6
21
49
1,555
43
1,689
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
District of Columbia Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
10
2
12
10
641
18
695
Induced
0
0
6
3
10
40
928
27
1,015
Total
0
0
16
5
22
51
1,570
45
1,710
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
11
2
13
11
681
19
738
Induced
0
0
7
3
11
44
994
27
1,087
Total
0
0
18
5
25
56
1,674
46
1,825
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
14
3
18
15
845
25
920
Induced
0
0
10
3
15
57
1,252
36
1,374
Total
0
0
25
6
32
72
2,098
61
2,294
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-17
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Florida Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-18
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
3,032
172
0
0
0
0
3,204
Indirect
77
35
265
542
425
431
3,180
77
5,032
Induced
214
3
82
300
394
1,319
5,118
91
7,522
Total
291
38
3,380
1,014
819
1,750
8,298
168
15,758
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
6,598
241
0
0
0
0
6,838
Indirect
114
53
412
873
710
740
5,307
119
8,328
Induced
322
5
132
457
646
2,192
8,340
140
12,236
Total
435
59
7,142
1,572
1,356
2,932
13,647
259
27,402
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
2,950
324
0
0
0
0
3,274
Indirect
127
52
498
923
762
721
5,690
143
8,916
Induced
372
5
147
505
700
2,318
9,025
160
13,232
Total
499
57
3,596
1,751
1,462
3,039
14,716
302
25,422
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Florida Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
752
331
0
0
0
0
1,084
Indirect
120
43
534
813
718
651
5,590
143
8,611
Induced
373
4
143
476
678
2,206
8,818
159
12,858
Total
492
48
1,429
1,621
1,396
2,857
14,408
301
22,552
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
4,558
368
0
0
0
0
4,926
Indirect
134
50
591
951
861
865
6,901
162
10,515
Induced
418
5
169
520
803
2,680
10,610
184
15,390
Total
553
56
5,318
1,839
1,664
3,545
17,512
346
30,831
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
536
454
0
0
0
0
990
Indirect
155
52
762
1,018
959
906
8,041
198
12,091
Induced
510
5
200
597
911
3,014
12,366
218
17,822
Total
664
58
1,499
2,069
1,870
3,920
20,407
417
30,903
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-19
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Georgia Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-20
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
111
841
0
0
0
0
952
Indirect
74
56
219
1,025
590
447
2,767
91
5,269
Induced
193
5
63
730
543
1,237
4,194
108
7,073
Total
266
61
393
2,596
1,133
1,684
6,961
199
13,294
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1,106
0
0
0
0
1,106
Indirect
95
68
291
1,458
882
634
4,039
134
7,601
Induced
261
7
89
1,070
809
1,759
5,945
154
10,093
Total
356
75
379
3,633
1,692
2,393
9,984
289
18,800
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
174
560
0
0
0
0
734
Indirect
115
82
349
1,786
1,056
761
4,884
166
9,198
Induced
309
9
113
1,323
982
2,061
7,002
185
11,984
Total
424
91
636
3,669
2,037
2,822
11,886
351
21,915
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Georgia Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
53
166
0
0
0
0
220
Indirect
112
82
365
1,819
1,035
754
4,929
166
9,263
Induced
310
9
118
1,380
992
2,019
6,967
185
11,981
Total
423
91
537
3,366
2,027
2,773
11,896
350
21,463
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
76
759
0
0
0
0
835
Indirect
125
88
391
2,027
1,172
887
5,553
182
10,425
Induced
344
9
137
1,507
1,103
2,301
7,894
204
13,499
Total
470
97
603
4,292
2,275
3,188
13,447
386
24,759
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
113
0
0
0
0
113
Indirect
155
107
487
2,490
1,434
1,060
6,772
224
12,728
Induced
430
12
172
1,876
1,376
2,746
9,564
247
16,422
Total
585
118
659
4,478
2,809
3,806
16,336
471
29,262
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-21
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Idaho Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-22
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
43
29
43
157
78
52
347
16
765
Induced
128
2
11
103
72
179
564
18
1,076
Total
171
31
55
259
150
231
911
33
1,841
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
63
47
49
241
115
79
532
24
1,150
Induced
187
3
13
155
105
268
860
26
1,616
Total
250
50
62
395
220
347
1,392
50
2,766
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
84
72
51
288
138
101
662
31
1,427
Induced
230
5
13
189
126
341
1,073
33
2,009
Total
314
77
64
477
264
442
1,735
64
3,437
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Idaho Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
86
81
50
285
137
104
686
31
1,459
Induced
231
6
12
200
127
355
1,111
34
2,076
Total
317
87
62
484
264
459
1,797
65
3,536
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
93
92
49
296
147
113
753
34
1,579
Induced
243
7
12
216
135
385
1,219
37
2,255
Total
336
99
62
512
282
498
1,973
71
3,833
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
116
123
59
347
185
151
952
43
1,975
Induced
297
9
15
268
171
486
1,549
46
2,842
Total
413
132
73
615
356
637
2,501
90
4,818
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-23
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Illinois Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-24
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,295
0
519
0
0
0
0
2,814
Indirect
73
181
307
2,839
1,013
695
4,777
131
10,016
Induced
265
17
118
1,162
898
2,177
8,148
159
12,943
Total
338
2,493
425
4,519
1,911
2,872
12,925
290
25,773
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,163
0
562
0
0
0
0
3,724
Indirect
109
246
476
4,136
1,487
980
6,760
186
14,380
Induced
389
22
186
1,699
1,312
3,072
11,384
220
18,282
Total
498
3,432
662
6,397
2,798
4,052
18,144
405
36,387
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,515
0
780
0
0
0
0
5,295
Indirect
132
314
565
4,930
1,881
1,200
8,394
232
17,648
Induced
455
27
240
2,062
1,638
3,834
14,250
272
22,778
Total
587
4,856
805
7,772
3,519
5,034
22,643
504
45,721
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Illinois Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,156
0
762
0
0
0
0
4,918
Indirect
126
293
576
4,650
1,866
1,166
8,353
227
17,257
Induced
442
25
240
2,051
1,652
3,765
14,125
268
22,568
Total
568
4,475
816
7,463
3,518
4,931
22,478
494
44,743
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,799
0
835
0
0
0
0
5,634
Indirect
131
316
598
4,833
2,037
1,244
8,899
244
18,303
Induced
453
26
262
2,171
1,793
4,079
15,221
288
24,293
Total
584
5,141
860
7,839
3,830
5,323
24,119
533
48,229
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
6,787
0
1,092
0
0
0
0
7,879
Indirect
152
414
740
5,854
2,593
1,544
11,191
309
22,797
Induced
534
32
336
2,702
2,276
5,241
19,494
366
30,981
Total
686
7,233
1,076
9,648
4,870
6,785
30,685
674
61,657
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-25
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Indiana Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-26
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
516
0
0
0
0
516
Indirect
52
59
169
2,321
501
282
1,593
60
5,037
Induced
200
9
55
880
408
827
2,819
68
5,266
Total
251
69
223
3,717
909
1,109
4,412
128
10,819
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
586
0
0
0
0
586
Indirect
77
80
266
3,237
698
389
2,265
87
7,100
Induced
296
13
85
1,286
568
1,162
4,015
96
7,521
Total
373
93
351
5,110
1,266
1,551
6,280
183
15,206
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
898
0
0
0
0
898
Indirect
95
95
316
3,986
862
499
2,898
108
8,859
Induced
349
15
104
1,578
686
1,447
5,011
116
9,307
Total
444
110
419
6,463
1,548
1,947
7,909
224
19,065
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Indiana Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
820
0
0
0
0
820
Indirect
92
93
322
4,036
831
489
2,946
107
8,915
Induced
341
15
101
1,662
679
1,448
5,089
116
9,451
Total
433
107
423
6,518
1,510
1,937
8,034
223
19,186
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
986
0
0
0
0
986
Indirect
96
97
334
4,452
884
539
3,226
115
9,744
Induced
346
15
106
1,825
715
1,566
5,505
125
10,204
Total
442
112
440
7,264
1,599
2,106
8,731
239
20,934
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1,503
0
0
0
0
1,503
Indirect
117
120
424
5,563
1,110
710
4,184
144
12,371
Induced
415
18
134
2,315
889
2,003
7,034
155
12,963
Total
532
138
558
9,381
1,998
2,714
11,218
299
26,837
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-27
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Iowa Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-28
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
285
0
30
0
0
0
0
315
Indirect
81
21
93
669
234
142
736
36
2,012
Induced
295
2
27
369
194
472
1,457
40
2,856
Total
376
309
120
1,068
428
614
2,193
77
5,183
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
555
0
96
0
0
0
0
650
Indirect
133
28
152
966
379
225
1,142
56
3,082
Induced
485
3
44
548
297
724
2,201
61
4,362
Total
618
586
196
1,609
676
949
3,343
117
8,095
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
656
0
126
0
0
0
0
782
Indirect
169
33
187
1,185
475
272
1,425
69
3,815
Induced
595
4
55
661
368
880
2,690
74
5,326
Total
764
692
241
1,972
843
1,152
4,115
144
9,923
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Iowa Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
647
0
151
0
0
0
0
798
Indirect
171
26
208
1,248
495
270
1,504
70
3,993
Induced
619
3
58
689
390
894
2,784
75
5,511
Total
790
676
266
2,088
884
1,164
4,289
145
10,302
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
715
0
177
0
0
0
0
891
Indirect
190
24
225
1,410
570
291
1,657
75
4,442
Induced
677
2
63
755
448
960
3,012
80
5,997
Total
867
741
288
2,342
1,017
1,251
4,669
155
11,330
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
928
0
222
0
0
0
0
1,150
Indirect
248
27
294
1,824
735
366
2,135
93
5,723
Induced
885
3
82
969
579
1,213
3,824
99
7,654
Total
1,133
958
377
3,015
1,314
1,579
5,960
192
14,526
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-29
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kansas Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-30
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
165
0
493
0
0
0
0
658
Indirect
41
79
109
413
244
154
900
52
1,992
Induced
184
12
26
248
182
473
1,531
47
2,703
Total
224
256
135
1,155
425
627
2,431
99
5,353
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
15
0
808
0
0
0
0
824
Indirect
64
108
128
607
381
228
1,309
84
2,910
Induced
284
16
37
374
268
660
2,154
67
3,861
Total
348
140
165
1,790
649
888
3,463
151
7,594
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1
0
879
0
0
0
0
880
Indirect
84
123
141
753
459
274
1,577
99
3,509
Induced
352
19
43
456
328
795
2,573
80
4,645
Total
435
143
183
2,088
787
1,069
4,150
178
9,034
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kansas Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
874
0
0
0
0
874
Indirect
84
120
143
817
461
274
1,592
97
3,587
Induced
358
18
42
485
336
813
2,607
80
4,740
Total
442
137
185
2,176
796
1,087
4,199
178
9,201
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
902
0
0
0
0
902
Indirect
92
123
148
971
494
291
1,727
104
3,950
Induced
387
18
44
544
361
862
2,800
85
5,100
Total
479
141
193
2,416
855
1,153
4,526
189
9,952
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1,035
0
0
0
0
1,035
Indirect
120
151
182
1,292
617
355
2,181
127
5,024
Induced
497
22
54
710
455
1,056
3,512
105
6,411
Total
617
173
236
3,037
1,072
1,411
5,693
231
12,470
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-31
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kentucky Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-32
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,310
285
281
215
0
54
0
2,145
Indirect
59
311
281
931
385
273
1,550
64
3,855
Induced
279
42
43
476
333
892
2,727
78
4,870
Total
338
1,663
609
1,688
933
1,165
4,331
142
10,870
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,577
287
291
135
0
45
0
2,336
Indirect
83
429
363
1,405
528
359
2,066
89
5,321
Induced
399
57
57
721
461
1,167
3,629
104
6,596
Total
481
2,064
707
2,417
1,124
1,526
5,739
193
14,252
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,517
302
504
150
0
44
0
2,517
Indirect
111
463
370
1,795
689
442
2,474
111
6,455
Induced
506
61
66
891
576
1,329
4,180
123
7,732
Total
618
2,041
739
3,189
1,416
1,770
6,698
234
16,705
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kentucky Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,385
326
436
153
0
45
0
2,345
Indirect
114
416
359
1,892
718
426
2,413
111
6,448
Induced
524
57
66
938
612
1,292
4,099
124
7,711
Total
638
1,858
751
3,266
1,483
1,717
6,557
235
16,505
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,313
330
518
158
0
46
0
2,365
Indirect
125
419
361
2,165
806
457
2,537
121
6,992
Induced
570
58
70
1,034
679
1,342
4,282
132
8,166
Total
695
1,791
761
3,717
1,642
1,799
6,865
254
17,523
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,491
376
781
179
0
52
0
2,879
Indirect
159
492
443
2,786
1,027
582
3,149
156
8,794
Induced
726
69
88
1,312
853
1,650
5,287
167
10,152
Total
885
2,052
907
4,879
2,060
2,232
8,487
323
21,825
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-33
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Louisiana Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-34
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,312
14,525
3,329
1,870
0
859
0
29,896
Indirect
117
652
2,239
1,725
1,896
2,357
12,816
195
21,997
Induced
341
60
302
611
1,430
6,708
19,333
343
29,130
Total
458
10,024
17,067
5,665
5,196
9,065
33,008
539
81,022
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
17,356
14,794
5,421
2,079
0
690
0
40,341
Indirect
153
1,120
5,168
2,508
2,817
3,605
19,591
310
35,273
Induced
551
89
508
1,010
2,397
11,391
32,656
567
49,168
Total
704
18,565
20,470
8,939
7,293
14,996
52,937
878
124,782
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
23,952
9,539
4,035
2,427
0
712
0
40,665
Indirect
161
1,424
6,993
2,588
3,144
3,873
22,541
370
41,093
Induced
651
108
608
1,213
2,866
13,646
39,027
679
58,797
Total
812
25,484
17,140
7,835
8,438
17,519
62,279
1,049
140,556
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Louisiana Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
28,118
9,367
3,557
2,477
0
726
0
44,245
Indirect
165
1,611
8,464
2,641
3,404
4,261
25,182
406
46,135
Induced
720
115
697
1,349
3,268
15,697
44,818
774
67,437
Total
885
29,845
18,529
7,547
9,149
19,958
70,726
1,180
157,818
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
29,542
7,892
3,834
2,561
0
743
0
44,571
Indirect
168
1,700
8,923
2,783
3,516
4,391
26,082
424
47,988
Induced
748
122
728
1,427
3,397
16,340
46,697
806
70,266
Total
917
31,364
17,544
8,043
9,474
20,731
73,521
1,230
162,825
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
37,440
8,124
3,555
3,345
0
964
0
53,428
Indirect
205
2,142
11,349
3,363
4,314
5,333
32,356
524
59,587
Induced
931
154
908
1,795
4,235
20,359
58,159
999
87,540
Total
1,136
39,736
20,382
8,713
11,895
25,691
91,479
1,523
200,555
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-35
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maine Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-36
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
32
1
36
156
60
46
293
13
637
Induced
61
0
11
100
55
196
590
15
1,029
Total
94
1
47
256
114
242
882
28
1,666
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
45
2
52
218
83
67
426
19
913
Induced
82
0
15
147
74
283
855
22
1,477
Total
127
3
67
365
157
349
1,281
41
2,390
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
55
4
64
274
97
80
514
23
1,111
Induced
97
0
17
184
84
335
1,024
26
1,767
Total
151
4
81
458
181
416
1,537
49
2,878
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maine Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
53
5
68
277
92
78
516
23
1,112
Induced
93
1
17
189
81
332
1,030
25
1,768
Total
145
6
86
466
173
411
1,546
48
2,881
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
56
7
73
302
95
82
549
24
1,189
Induced
96
1
18
205
83
351
1,094
27
1,873
Total
152
8
92
507
178
433
1,643
51
3,063
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
69
11
93
370
113
100
676
29
1,461
Induced
120
1
23
256
99
431
1,352
32
2,312
Total
189
12
116
625
212
530
2,028
62
3,774
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-37
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maryland Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-38
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
17
22
226
390
272
178
1,781
61
2,945
Induced
61
2
75
219
269
647
2,718
72
4,063
Total
78
23
301
609
541
824
4,499
132
7,008
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
26
30
334
573
392
256
2,654
94
4,359
Induced
94
3
108
322
375
929
3,968
108
5,905
Total
119
33
441
894
767
1,185
6,622
202
10,263
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
33
44
415
698
484
310
3,253
118
5,355
Induced
118
4
133
388
453
1,129
4,855
132
7,211
Total
151
48
548
1,085
937
1,439
8,108
250
12,566
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maryland Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
34
47
451
643
481
308
3,157
120
5,241
Induced
122
4
135
382
451
1,159
4,889
136
7,279
Total
156
51
586
1,025
932
1,467
8,047
256
12,519
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
37
53
489
648
528
333
3,305
129
5,523
Induced
131
5
145
395
490
1,250
5,226
146
7,787
Total
168
58
635
1,043
1,018
1,583
8,531
275
13,310
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
48
68
637
770
683
418
4,065
165
6,854
Induced
168
6
185
486
632
1,581
6,537
185
9,780
Total
216
74
822
1,256
1,315
1,999
10,602
350
16,634
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-39
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Massachusetts Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-40
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
136
0
0
0
0
136
Indirect
9
5
82
449
142
132
1,196
30
2,046
Induced
40
0
29
221
136
431
1,895
34
2,787
Total
50
6
111
806
278
564
3,091
63
4,968
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
193
0
0
0
0
193
Indirect
13
6
122
648
205
193
1,770
44
3,002
Induced
54
1
42
325
194
622
2,738
49
4,025
Total
67
7
164
1,167
399
815
4,507
93
7,220
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
355
0
0
0
0
355
Indirect
16
8
144
802
250
240
2,153
55
3,667
Induced
65
1
52
398
232
741
3,294
60
4,842
Total
81
8
196
1,555
482
981
5,447
115
8,865
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Massachusetts Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
324
0
0
0
0
324
Indirect
16
8
151
733
239
231
2,130
54
3,562
Induced
64
1
52
389
225
722
3,258
59
4,771
Total
80
9
203
1,446
464
953
5,389
113
8,657
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
396
0
0
0
0
396
Indirect
17
9
158
741
247
244
2,251
57
3,724
Induced
68
1
56
403
230
756
3,438
63
5,014
Total
85
10
214
1,539
477
1,000
5,688
120
9,134
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
615
0
0
0
0
615
Indirect
22
11
199
887
295
301
2,784
70
4,569
Induced
85
1
71
494
274
925
4,244
78
6,172
Total
107
13
270
1,995
569
1,225
7,029
148
11,356
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-41
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Michigan Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-42
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,230
0
5,738
0
0
0
0
6,968
Indirect
70
144
437
2,375
837
548
4,124
113
8,647
Induced
255
10
111
908
610
2,378
8,023
154
12,448
Total
325
1,384
548
9,021
1,446
2,925
12,147
267
28,063
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
890
0
8,217
0
0
0
0
9,107
Indirect
104
198
506
3,778
1,195
747
5,561
160
12,248
Induced
352
13
155
1,354
844
3,107
10,538
209
16,571
Total
455
1,102
661
13,349
2,038
3,853
16,099
369
37,926
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
573
0
10,981
0
0
0
0
11,554
Indirect
132
250
525
4,817
1,526
915
6,758
197
15,120
Induced
413
16
187
1,644
1,035
3,746
12,686
252
19,979
Total
545
839
712
17,442
2,561
4,661
19,445
449
46,653
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Michigan Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
363
0
10,317
0
0
0
0
10,680
Indirect
127
242
501
5,036
1,486
883
6,528
192
14,995
Induced
391
16
182
1,691
1,020
3,595
12,139
244
19,278
Total
518
621
683
17,044
2,507
4,478
18,667
436
44,953
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
259
0
11,648
0
0
0
0
11,907
Indirect
137
260
510
5,610
1,649
965
7,009
207
16,346
Induced
407
17
195
1,832
1,112
3,905
12,998
262
20,728
Total
544
536
705
19,089
2,761
4,870
20,007
469
48,982
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
294
0
15,657
0
0
0
0
15,951
Indirect
171
323
644
7,051
2,165
1,240
8,998
262
20,855
Induced
507
22
250
2,312
1,437
5,058
16,655
332
26,574
Total
678
639
895
25,020
3,602
6,299
25,653
595
63,380
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-43
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Minnesota Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-44
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
352
0
0
0
0
0
0
352
Indirect
72
123
123
1,142
318
246
1,756
58
3,837
Induced
271
4
41
568
290
786
3,054
67
5,082
Total
343
480
164
1,710
607
1,032
4,810
125
9,271
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
860
0
0
0
0
0
0
860
Indirect
104
187
178
1,679
491
382
2,700
91
5,811
Induced
388
7
65
877
428
1,237
4,722
104
7,827
Total
493
1,053
243
2,556
919
1,618
7,422
195
14,499
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
917
0
0
0
0
0
0
917
Indirect
130
225
210
2,068
596
462
3,286
112
7,087
Induced
464
8
79
1,068
508
1,467
5,669
125
9,388
Total
593
1,150
289
3,135
1,104
1,929
8,955
237
17,393
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Minnesota Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
778
0
0
0
0
0
0
778
Indirect
133
208
222
1,984
601
461
3,283
111
7,003
Induced
480
9
79
1,063
517
1,463
5,669
124
9,404
Total
614
994
301
3,046
1,118
1,924
8,953
235
17,184
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
731
0
0
0
0
0
0
731
Indirect
147
213
239
2,113
649
501
3,506
118
7,487
Induced
517
9
85
1,121
552
1,550
6,031
131
9,995
Total
663
953
324
3,234
1,201
2,050
9,537
250
18,213
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
822
0
0
0
0
0
0
822
Indirect
184
256
306
2,624
813
639
4,372
147
9,341
Induced
646
12
106
1,405
688
1,936
7,519
162
12,474
Total
830
1,090
411
4,030
1,501
2,576
11,891
310
22,638
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-45
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Mississppi Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-46
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
92
0
0
0
0
0
92
Indirect
54
40
61
389
185
78
497
33
1,338
Induced
145
6
15
275
176
296
877
37
1,829
Total
199
46
168
665
361
374
1,375
70
3,259
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
2,703
0
0
0
0
0
2,703
Indirect
88
63
101
619
369
293
1,362
59
2,953
Induced
233
9
35
419
319
694
1,991
71
3,772
Total
321
72
2,839
1,038
688
987
3,354
130
9,428
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
1,300
0
0
0
0
0
1,300
Indirect
98
70
111
700
397
216
1,201
65
2,857
Induced
284
11
32
506
362
645
1,902
74
3,815
Total
381
81
1,443
1,205
759
861
3,103
139
7,972
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Mississppi Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
765
0
0
0
0
0
765
Indirect
93
68
115
661
382
179
1,101
63
2,663
Induced
292
10
31
508
360
596
1,802
71
3,672
Total
385
78
911
1,170
743
775
2,904
134
7,099
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
681
0
0
0
0
0
681
Indirect
101
69
122
678
407
183
1,177
67
2,803
Induced
320
10
33
527
383
626
1,927
75
3,901
Total
420
79
836
1,205
790
809
3,104
142
7,386
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
614
0
0
0
0
0
614
Indirect
125
82
153
772
501
206
1,446
83
3,368
Induced
410
12
41
623
474
754
2,381
91
4,786
Total
535
94
808
1,396
974
960
3,827
174
8,768
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-47
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Missouri Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-48
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
343
0
3,790
0
0
0
0
4,133
Indirect
32
29
102
525
421
236
1,661
64
3,070
Induced
173
3
44
280
252
920
3,078
78
4,828
Total
206
375
146
4,596
673
1,156
4,739
142
12,031
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
539
0
5,467
0
0
0
0
6,005
Indirect
50
39
154
786
615
344
2,396
93
4,477
Induced
263
4
62
420
365
1,331
4,387
112
6,945
Total
313
582
216
6,672
980
1,675
6,783
205
17,427
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
697
0
7,005
0
0
0
0
7,702
Indirect
63
45
191
972
770
432
2,992
118
5,583
Induced
322
5
78
511
452
1,663
5,425
140
8,596
Total
386
747
269
8,489
1,222
2,095
8,416
257
21,881
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Missouri Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
647
0
7,196
0
0
0
0
7,843
Indirect
61
42
199
998
772
432
3,026
118
5,649
Induced
323
5
78
525
457
1,681
5,465
141
8,676
Total
384
694
278
8,719
1,229
2,112
8,491
260
22,168
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
699
0
8,003
0
0
0
0
8,702
Indirect
67
45
212
1,122
840
469
3,299
129
6,182
Induced
344
5
85
570
495
1,830
5,923
154
9,406
Total
411
749
297
9,695
1,334
2,299
9,222
283
24,290
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
885
0
9,861
0
0
0
0
10,746
Indirect
83
55
266
1,421
1,037
582
4,096
160
7,699
Induced
429
6
106
714
615
2,273
7,325
190
11,659
Total
513
947
372
11,996
1,651
2,855
11,421
351
30,105
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-49
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Montana Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-50
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
89
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
Indirect
22
76
49
55
79
39
267
13
600
Induced
92
9
9
35
71
156
514
15
902
Total
114
174
59
90
150
196
781
28
1,591
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
81
2
0
1
0
0
0
85
Indirect
35
130
57
79
119
54
374
19
866
Induced
150
15
11
52
106
211
718
21
1,285
Total
185
226
70
131
227
265
1,092
40
2,236
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
73
6
0
3
0
1
0
82
Indirect
47
160
57
96
143
64
455
23
1,045
Induced
195
18
13
63
125
253
857
26
1,551
Total
241
251
76
159
271
318
1,313
49
2,677
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Montana Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
66
5
0
2
0
1
0
74
Indirect
49
159
57
97
139
64
462
23
1,050
Induced
205
19
13
66
123
258
866
26
1,575
Total
254
244
75
163
264
322
1,328
49
2,699
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
57
5
0
2
0
1
0
65
Indirect
55
173
57
106
143
68
490
25
1,118
Induced
228
20
14
71
126
275
917
28
1,680
Total
283
251
75
177
272
343
1,408
53
2,862
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
60
5
0
2
0
1
0
69
Indirect
72
226
69
132
177
85
610
31
1,402
Induced
297
27
17
90
155
344
1,145
34
2,110
Total
369
313
92
222
335
429
1,756
65
3,582
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-51
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nebraska Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-52
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
104
0
0
0
0
104
Indirect
45
10
66
229
283
99
566
25
1,323
Induced
169
1
18
177
175
276
930
26
1,773
Total
214
11
84
510
458
375
1,496
51
3,199
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
276
0
0
0
0
276
Indirect
67
12
96
341
462
169
940
41
2,127
Induced
249
1
25
267
274
430
1,453
40
2,739
Total
316
13
121
884
736
599
2,393
81
5,142
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
332
0
0
0
0
332
Indirect
90
16
111
433
579
206
1,208
51
2,695
Induced
318
2
30
328
338
528
1,815
48
3,407
Total
407
18
141
1,093
917
735
3,024
99
6,433
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nebraska Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
364
0
0
0
0
364
Indirect
90
17
123
459
572
212
1,278
52
2,804
Induced
326
2
31
336
340
544
1,883
49
3,511
Total
416
19
154
1,160
911
757
3,161
101
6,679
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
405
0
0
0
0
405
Indirect
100
17
136
529
611
231
1,413
57
3,095
Induced
351
2
35
364
360
587
2,048
52
3,799
Total
452
19
171
1,298
971
817
3,461
109
7,299
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
498
0
0
0
0
498
Indirect
123
19
176
697
758
286
1,810
70
3,939
Induced
435
2
45
467
448
735
2,582
65
4,780
Total
557
21
221
1,662
1,206
1,021
4,393
135
9,216
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-53
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nevada Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-54
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
498
7
0
0
0
0
505
Indirect
2
57
31
64
67
56
458
7
741
Induced
6
4
10
28
66
165
617
10
906
Total
8
60
539
99
134
221
1,075
17
2,153
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
10
Indirect
2
75
27
68
76
35
496
9
789
Induced
9
5
9
37
72
144
656
11
944
Total
12
79
36
116
148
180
1,153
20
1,743
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
80
13
0
0
0
0
93
Indirect
3
95
30
84
100
50
657
12
1,031
Induced
12
6
12
47
94
195
870
14
1,250
Total
15
101
122
144
194
245
1,527
26
2,375
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nevada Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
12
Indirect
3
93
28
76
107
45
650
13
1,015
Induced
12
7
12
47
102
189
873
15
1,256
Total
15
100
41
135
209
235
1,522
28
2,284
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
13
Indirect
4
101
28
79
122
50
721
15
1,121
Induced
13
7
14
50
116
212
974
17
1,403
Total
17
108
42
142
238
262
1,696
32
2,537
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
17
Indirect
5
126
35
95
166
64
927
19
1,438
Induced
17
9
18
62
158
275
1,263
21
1,823
Total
22
135
53
174
324
339
2,190
41
3,278
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-55
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Hampshire Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-56
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
4
1
10
109
18
22
118
4
286
Induced
7
0
3
32
17
77
219
5
361
Total
11
1
14
141
35
99
337
9
647
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
2
15
145
24
32
180
7
410
Induced
10
0
5
45
23
113
324
7
529
Total
15
2
20
190
47
145
504
14
938
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
6
2
19
171
31
43
230
8
511
Induced
13
0
6
55
28
142
407
9
661
Total
19
3
24
227
58
185
637
18
1,171
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Hampshire Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
6
3
20
164
30
42
230
8
503
Induced
13
0
6
56
27
142
409
10
662
Total
19
3
25
220
57
184
639
18
1,165
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
6
3
21
168
32
47
250
9
536
Induced
14
0
6
60
29
153
441
10
713
Total
20
3
27
228
61
200
691
19
1,249
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
8
4
27
208
40
61
317
11
675
Induced
17
0
7
75
36
193
559
13
901
Total
25
4
35
283
75
254
876
25
1,576
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-57
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Jersey Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-58
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
134
458
0
0
0
0
592
Indirect
10
7
98
434
278
241
1,556
45
2,669
Induced
36
1
34
280
256
622
2,323
52
3,604
Total
46
8
267
1,172
534
863
3,879
97
6,865
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
465
0
0
0
0
465
Indirect
15
9
139
554
407
333
2,220
64
3,742
Induced
52
1
46
378
373
877
3,265
72
5,064
Total
67
10
185
1,397
780
1,210
5,485
136
9,271
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
676
0
0
0
0
676
Indirect
18
11
176
652
507
412
2,684
80
4,540
Induced
64
1
58
453
457
1,102
3,932
88
6,156
Total
82
12
234
1,781
964
1,514
6,616
168
11,371
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Jersey Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
602
0
0
0
0
602
Indirect
18
11
186
576
512
396
2,670
79
4,448
Induced
65
1
57
447
472
1,112
3,901
87
6,142
Total
83
12
243
1,625
984
1,508
6,571
166
11,192
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
709
0
0
0
0
709
Indirect
21
12
180
573
561
425
2,830
84
4,686
Induced
74
1
55
468
512
1,204
4,117
93
6,525
Total
96
13
235
1,750
1,074
1,629
6,947
177
11,920
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1,063
0
0
0
0
1,063
Indirect
27
15
208
675
712
544
3,543
105
5,828
Induced
94
1
62
580
647
1,543
5,129
115
8,173
Total
121
16
271
2,318
1,359
2,087
8,672
220
15,064
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-59
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Mexico Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-60
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,493
509
702
53
0
39
0
6,797
Indirect
14
203
1,065
141
394
513
3,032
101
5,462
Induced
98
24
90
104
370
1,843
5,483
149
8,159
Total
112
5,720
1,664
947
817
2,355
8,554
249
20,417
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,823
109
1,006
60
0
18
0
6,017
Indirect
19
277
991
181
440
532
3,055
112
5,607
Induced
124
36
89
122
374
1,778
5,322
149
7,993
Total
143
5,137
1,188
1,309
874
2,310
8,395
261
19,617
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,653
109
1,084
63
0
17
0
4,928
Indirect
24
311
776
208
439
498
2,855
113
5,224
Induced
139
44
82
129
343
1,550
4,705
138
7,130
Total
163
4,009
967
1,421
846
2,048
7,577
251
17,282
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Mexico Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,043
422
1,246
65
0
18
0
4,794
Indirect
24
317
674
197
438
505
2,788
110
5,052
Induced
139
46
79
125
325
1,448
4,426
131
6,720
Total
163
3,406
1,174
1,568
828
1,954
7,231
242
16,565
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,764
119
1,239
66
0
18
0
4,207
Indirect
26
339
627
194
439
485
2,726
113
4,949
Induced
146
50
79
127
317
1,385
4,270
129
6,503
Total
172
3,153
825
1,560
822
1,870
7,014
242
15,659
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,157
136
1,433
76
0
20
0
4,822
Indirect
32
437
735
228
521
568
3,238
136
5,894
Induced
183
65
97
156
377
1,640
5,075
155
7,747
Total
215
3,658
967
1,817
973
2,208
8,333
291
18,462
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-61
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New York Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-62
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
21
41
347
0
0
0
0
408
Indirect
51
57
467
1,615
846
685
6,770
206
10,696
Induced
179
6
164
871
826
2,187
11,316
234
15,783
Total
230
83
671
2,833
1,672
2,872
18,086
440
26,887
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
13
0
373
0
0
0
0
386
Indirect
76
81
559
2,274
1,196
1,000
10,196
303
15,684
Induced
260
8
215
1,239
1,158
3,150
16,612
334
22,977
Total
336
102
774
3,886
2,353
4,150
26,808
637
39,047
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
8
22
555
0
0
0
0
584
Indirect
94
105
602
2,727
1,352
1,226
12,161
373
18,639
Induced
314
11
253
1,463
1,292
3,858
19,783
403
27,377
Total
408
124
876
4,744
2,644
5,084
31,944
776
46,600
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New York Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5
0
507
0
0
0
0
512
Indirect
93
107
588
2,507
1,226
1,207
12,012
368
18,108
Induced
319
11
248
1,422
1,190
3,845
19,612
401
27,049
Total
412
123
836
4,436
2,416
5,052
31,624
769
45,669
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3
0
608
0
0
0
0
611
Indirect
106
115
559
2,567
1,241
1,297
12,527
392
18,803
Induced
352
12
249
1,478
1,199
4,066
20,427
425
28,208
Total
458
130
808
4,652
2,441
5,363
32,954
817
47,622
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4
0
923
0
0
0
0
927
Indirect
131
142
652
3,076
1,467
1,630
15,295
482
22,875
Induced
443
14
298
1,817
1,419
5,077
24,985
523
34,575
Total
574
160
950
5,816
2,886
6,707
40,279
1,005
58,377
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-63
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Carolina Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-64
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
102
0
0
0
0
0
102
Indirect
68
36
258
1,342
371
330
2,326
92
4,825
Induced
209
3
72
929
342
1,054
3,737
105
6,451
Total
277
40
432
2,271
713
1,384
6,063
197
11,377
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
92
49
379
1,896
525
480
3,519
139
7,078
Induced
308
5
106
1,350
477
1,558
5,536
153
9,493
Total
400
53
485
3,246
1,001
2,037
9,055
292
16,570
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
188
0
0
0
0
0
188
Indirect
109
57
472
2,334
645
608
4,474
177
8,877
Induced
370
6
139
1,626
580
1,913
7,021
193
11,847
Total
479
63
799
3,960
1,225
2,521
11,495
370
20,912
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Carolina Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
103
55
516
2,183
625
595
4,571
181
8,829
Induced
372
6
146
1,592
577
1,903
7,223
198
12,018
Total
475
61
663
3,775
1,202
2,499
11,794
379
20,847
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
110
60
568
2,234
661
646
5,009
199
9,487
Induced
396
6
165
1,646
611
2,055
7,961
216
13,055
Total
506
67
733
3,880
1,271
2,701
12,970
415
22,542
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
148
75
744
2,623
810
795
6,351
252
11,798
Induced
520
8
216
1,992
754
2,558
10,152
274
16,473
Total
668
83
960
4,615
1,564
3,353
16,503
526
28,271
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-65
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Dakota Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-66
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
27
89
25
70
60
40
169
10
489
Induced
98
15
8
38
49
112
321
12
652
Total
124
104
33
108
109
151
490
22
1,141
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
40
222
42
114
98
61
268
16
861
Induced
144
37
13
62
78
167
486
18
1,006
Total
184
260
56
176
177
228
754
33
1,867
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
52
299
51
153
120
74
351
20
1,118
Induced
178
51
16
85
94
207
616
22
1,269
Total
230
350
68
238
213
280
967
41
2,387
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Dakota Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
53
335
55
162
117
72
376
20
1,190
Induced
190
57
17
95
92
212
655
22
1,340
Total
243
392
72
257
209
284
1,031
42
2,531
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
58
375
61
188
124
77
425
22
1,331
Induced
203
65
19
110
97
230
734
24
1,482
Total
261
440
80
298
221
307
1,160
45
2,812
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
74
502
76
238
155
98
559
27
1,729
Induced
256
86
23
145
121
294
960
30
1,916
Total
330
588
99
383
276
392
1,519
57
3,645
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-67
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Ohio Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-68
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
653
0
4,326
0
0
0
0
4,979
Indirect
65
150
345
3,976
1,282
1,208
5,474
143
12,643
Induced
273
20
117
1,280
874
2,554
8,556
165
13,840
Total
338
824
462
9,581
2,156
3,762
14,030
309
31,462
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
727
0
5,049
0
0
0
0
5,776
Indirect
92
208
471
5,541
1,789
1,536
7,246
201
17,085
Induced
371
28
157
1,821
1,253
3,319
11,331
224
18,504
Total
463
963
628
12,410
3,043
4,855
18,578
425
41,366
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,055
0
7,820
0
0
0
0
8,875
Indirect
118
266
579
7,088
2,497
2,180
9,675
265
22,668
Induced
459
36
203
2,275
1,649
4,412
14,880
289
24,203
Total
576
1,358
781
17,183
4,147
6,592
24,555
554
55,747
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Ohio Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
938
0
7,110
0
0
0
0
8,048
Indirect
115
263
582
7,154
2,424
2,031
9,192
258
22,019
Induced
450
37
197
2,355
1,657
4,214
14,280
282
23,471
Total
565
1,238
779
16,619
4,080
6,245
23,473
540
53,538
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,115
0
8,473
0
0
0
0
9,588
Indirect
123
282
631
8,030
2,758
2,304
10,119
284
24,532
Induced
469
39
219
2,596
1,856
4,672
15,652
309
25,813
Total
592
1,437
850
19,099
4,615
6,976
25,771
593
59,933
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,700
0
12,678
0
0
0
0
14,378
Indirect
154
364
831
10,516
3,734
3,187
13,511
371
32,668
Induced
587
49
294
3,383
2,445
6,305
20,834
405
34,303
Total
741
2,114
1,125
26,577
6,180
9,492
34,345
776
81,349
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-69
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oklahoma Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-70
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,482
2,918
1,657
295
0
284
0
8,636
Indirect
48
522
587
946
789
870
4,766
144
8,672
Induced
308
82
98
310
512
2,294
7,226
177
11,007
Total
356
4,086
3,603
2,912
1,597
3,165
12,277
321
28,315
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,298
2,646
2,893
944
0
435
0
12,217
Indirect
69
742
874
1,425
1,258
1,331
7,359
221
13,278
Induced
445
117
144
465
748
3,394
10,693
262
16,267
Total
515
6,157
3,665
4,783
2,950
4,724
18,487
482
41,763
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
6,425
2,993
3,589
1,131
0
461
0
14,598
Indirect
87
852
980
1,715
1,538
1,613
8,883
271
15,939
Induced
540
138
170
559
898
4,037
12,735
313
19,389
Total
626
7,414
4,142
5,863
3,566
5,649
22,080
585
49,925
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oklahoma Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
6,802
3,346
3,444
1,174
0
478
0
15,245
Indirect
87
871
1,042
1,706
1,554
1,629
9,124
276
16,289
Induced
551
137
175
577
927
4,182
13,224
324
20,097
Total
638
7,811
4,562
5,728
3,655
5,811
22,827
600
51,631
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
7,348
3,707
3,649
1,337
0
539
0
16,580
Indirect
94
934
1,095
1,866
1,675
1,757
9,888
298
17,607
Induced
591
148
187
624
996
4,505
14,266
349
21,666
Total
685
8,431
4,989
6,139
4,007
6,262
24,693
647
55,853
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,137
4,665
4,368
1,690
0
677
0
20,537
Indirect
119
1,181
1,364
2,332
2,062
2,158
12,266
368
21,851
Induced
746
188
232
784
1,233
5,575
17,686
431
26,874
Total
865
10,505
6,261
7,484
4,985
7,733
30,629
798
69,261
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-71
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oregon Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-72
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
438
232
0
0
0
0
670
Indirect
97
22
104
738
228
212
1,239
50
2,690
Induced
248
2
37
318
189
559
1,988
55
3,396
Total
344
24
580
1,288
417
771
3,227
105
6,756
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
185
0
0
0
0
185
Indirect
133
32
164
1,052
316
267
1,670
70
3,704
Induced
366
3
53
469
256
722
2,688
70
4,627
Total
500
35
217
1,706
572
989
4,358
140
8,516
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
216
0
0
0
0
216
Indirect
160
50
204
1,318
394
332
2,124
88
4,670
Induced
453
4
67
568
316
884
3,364
86
5,743
Total
613
55
271
2,102
710
1,216
5,489
174
10,629
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oregon Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
163
0
0
0
0
163
Indirect
154
60
215
1,268
375
315
2,146
85
4,620
Induced
460
6
67
573
314
885
3,431
86
5,821
Total
614
66
282
2,004
689
1,201
5,577
171
10,604
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
136
0
0
0
0
136
Indirect
160
72
229
1,309
392
329
2,302
89
4,881
Induced
491
7
71
602
332
948
3,704
91
6,246
Total
650
79
300
2,047
724
1,277
6,006
181
11,264
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
142
0
0
0
0
142
Indirect
191
97
293
1,569
495
407
2,909
110
6,071
Induced
620
9
90
746
425
1,193
4,698
114
7,894
Total
812
107
382
2,457
920
1,600
7,607
224
14,107
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-73
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Pennsylvania Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-74
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,991
4,718
2,231
1,122
0
531
0
13,594
Indirect
90
414
1,086
3,639
1,747
1,584
9,561
221
18,342
Induced
366
51
233
1,412
1,378
4,845
16,337
326
24,948
Total
456
5,456
6,038
7,282
4,247
6,429
26,429
547
56,884
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
16,603
4,846
2,280
1,505
0
774
0
26,007
Indirect
141
1,007
3,428
5,434
2,927
2,787
18,464
407
34,594
Induced
651
106
456
2,381
2,640
10,214
33,305
669
50,423
Total
792
17,715
8,730
10,095
7,072
13,000
52,543
1,076
111,024
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
26,424
7,367
3,956
2,413
0
1,098
0
41,258
Indirect
193
1,326
4,973
7,131
4,278
4,227
27,544
603
50,276
Induced
894
134
658
3,139
3,768
15,110
48,630
989
73,321
Total
1,088
27,885
12,998
14,225
10,460
19,336
77,272
1,592
164,856
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Pennsylvania Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
27,691
6,725
3,610
2,140
0
973
0
41,140
Indirect
189
1,359
5,492
6,809
4,217
4,181
27,612
604
50,463
Induced
923
135
672
3,182
3,884
15,572
50,056
1,021
75,445
Total
1,112
29,186
12,889
13,601
10,241
19,753
78,641
1,626
167,048
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
31,475
8,155
4,304
2,640
0
1,187
0
47,761
Indirect
214
1,479
6,048
7,420
4,770
4,807
31,366
687
56,790
Induced
1,027
146
751
3,473
4,333
17,566
56,219
1,155
84,671
Total
1,241
33,100
14,954
15,198
11,742
22,374
88,773
1,842
189,222
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
45,607
12,801
6,349
4,131
0
1,846
0
70,734
Indirect
289
1,990
8,514
9,653
6,736
6,906
44,750
969
79,807
Induced
1,404
193
1,050
4,655
6,081
25,046
79,449
1,639
119,518
Total
1,693
47,789
22,365
20,658
16,948
31,952
126,045
2,608
270,058
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-75
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Rhode Island Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-76
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
1
23
177
36
33
288
8
570
Induced
18
0
9
66
33
113
549
9
798
Total
22
2
33
243
69
145
837
17
1,368
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
2
28
257
52
49
415
12
820
Induced
25
0
13
97
47
169
784
13
1,148
Total
29
2
41
354
99
218
1,200
25
1,968
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
6
2
30
310
62
59
494
14
977
Induced
29
0
16
117
56
197
932
16
1,364
Total
35
3
46
427
118
256
1,426
30
2,341
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Rhode Island Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
6
3
29
288
59
58
488
14
944
Induced
27
0
16
116
55
193
929
16
1,351
Total
33
3
44
404
114
251
1,417
29
2,295
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
6
3
29
290
60
61
511
15
976
Induced
28
0
16
119
56
200
979
16
1,416
Total
34
3
45
410
116
262
1,490
31
2,391
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
8
4
35
340
72
74
623
18
1,173
Induced
34
1
20
145
67
243
1,201
20
1,731
Total
42
4
55
485
139
317
1,824
37
2,904
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-77
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Carolina Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-78
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
59
2
0
0
0
0
61
Indirect
43
14
110
974
188
137
1,034
46
2,545
Induced
103
1
29
431
166
505
1,713
52
3,001
Total
147
15
198
1,407
354
642
2,747
97
5,607
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
Indirect
62
23
170
1,444
284
208
1,554
67
3,813
Induced
143
2
42
644
245
741
2,520
74
4,411
Total
205
26
212
2,091
530
950
4,073
140
8,227
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
89
4
0
0
0
0
93
Indirect
73
30
215
1,789
356
264
1,982
85
4,794
Induced
174
3
53
789
302
906
3,168
92
5,487
Total
246
33
357
2,582
658
1,171
5,150
177
10,373
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Carolina Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
18
4
0
0
0
0
22
Indirect
68
30
226
1,834
350
258
2,020
85
4,871
Induced
175
3
52
823
301
900
3,225
93
5,573
Total
244
34
296
2,660
650
1,158
5,245
179
10,466
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
26
5
0
0
0
0
31
Indirect
72
35
241
2,042
374
278
2,221
93
5,357
Induced
189
4
56
906
319
969
3,522
101
6,066
Total
261
39
323
2,953
693
1,247
5,743
194
11,453
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
6
Indirect
86
46
304
2,583
461
341
2,805
115
6,742
Induced
238
5
71
1,157
394
1,202
4,430
125
7,621
Total
324
51
375
3,745
854
1,543
7,235
240
14,368
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-79
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Dakota Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-80
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
23
8
26
117
48
37
181
11
452
Induced
99
1
8
66
42
119
378
12
725
Total
122
9
34
183
90
157
559
22
1,176
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
39
12
36
168
72
56
277
17
677
Induced
160
1
11
103
61
179
560
18
1,093
Total
199
13
48
271
133
235
837
35
1,770
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
51
13
38
205
90
68
342
21
828
Induced
200
1
13
129
74
217
685
22
1,341
Total
251
15
51
334
164
286
1,027
43
2,169
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Dakota Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
51
13
36
194
92
68
352
21
829
Induced
206
1
13
130
77
220
703
22
1,372
Total
258
14
49
324
169
288
1,055
43
2,201
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
58
14
36
204
101
73
385
23
893
Induced
224
2
13
138
83
234
760
23
1,478
Total
282
16
49
342
184
308
1,145
46
2,372
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
74
18
43
244
126
89
484
28
1,107
Induced
286
2
16
169
104
290
954
29
1,852
Total
361
20
59
414
230
380
1,439
57
2,959
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-81
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Tennessee Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-82
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
142
0
0
0
0
142
Indirect
39
38
151
1,101
522
249
1,500
60
3,660
Induced
220
5
41
605
491
756
2,533
66
4,717
Total
258
43
192
1,848
1,013
1,005
4,033
126
8,519
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
62
0
0
0
0
62
Indirect
58
57
233
1,638
780
346
2,205
87
5,404
Induced
326
7
62
917
725
1,059
3,665
95
6,856
Total
385
64
295
2,616
1,505
1,405
5,870
182
12,323
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
147
0
0
0
0
147
Indirect
75
73
286
2,050
954
436
2,776
111
6,761
Induced
409
9
80
1,158
870
1,304
4,556
118
8,504
Total
485
82
366
3,355
1,824
1,741
7,333
228
15,412
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Tennessee Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
91
0
0
0
0
91
Indirect
77
73
304
2,105
945
432
2,840
111
6,887
Induced
423
9
82
1,224
874
1,309
4,637
119
8,678
Total
500
82
386
3,420
1,818
1,741
7,477
230
15,656
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
98
0
0
0
0
98
Indirect
87
77
324
2,370
1,012
467
3,092
120
7,549
Induced
462
9
90
1,356
929
1,413
5,024
128
9,412
Total
549
87
414
3,824
1,942
1,880
8,116
248
17,059
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
89
0
0
0
0
89
Indirect
113
95
417
3,014
1,265
576
3,893
150
9,522
Induced
592
11
117
1,742
1,162
1,770
6,321
161
11,876
Total
705
106
533
4,845
2,427
2,346
10,214
311
21,487
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-83
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Texas Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-84
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
27,081
22,368
19,477
2,934
0
1,883
0
73,744
Indirect
370
3,359
5,724
10,512
8,996
9,301
49,345
953
88,561
Induced
2,285
533
1,149
4,344
6,708
27,870
81,641
1,388
125,918
Total
2,655
30,972
29,241
34,334
18,638
37,171
132,869
2,341
288,222
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
40,817
17,440
27,925
5,025
0
2,632
0
93,838
Indirect
502
4,723
7,664
14,424
12,860
12,552
67,913
1,355
121,994
Induced
3,126
749
1,552
5,924
9,100
37,345
109,818
1,870
169,486
Total
3,628
46,289
26,657
48,273
26,986
49,897
180,363
3,225
385,318
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
54,613
23,199
37,529
7,210
0
3,332
0
125,882
Indirect
646
5,624
8,973
18,689
17,016
16,570
89,005
1,786
158,308
Induced
3,919
919
1,975
7,457
11,601
47,602
139,884
2,398
215,755
Total
4,566
61,155
34,147
63,675
35,826
64,172
232,221
4,184
499,946
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Texas Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
55,749
24,450
37,220
7,169
0
3,310
0
127,899
Indirect
644
5,851
9,570
18,582
17,251
16,761
91,004
1,831
161,495
Induced
4,017
934
2,037
7,622
11,958
48,975
144,051
2,487
222,082
Total
4,661
62,535
36,057
63,424
36,378
65,736
238,366
4,318
511,476
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
60,333
27,805
40,758
8,172
0
3,734
0
140,803
Indirect
702
6,193
10,076
20,303
18,886
18,349
99,463
2,017
175,989
Induced
4,325
999
2,218
8,203
12,959
53,054
156,156
2,711
240,624
Total
5,027
67,525
40,099
69,263
40,018
71,403
259,353
4,728
557,416
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
73,098
33,384
49,905
9,978
0
4,530
0
170,896
Indirect
863
7,675
12,482
25,038
23,195
22,438
122,239
2,504
216,434
Induced
5,347
1,238
2,741
10,117
15,946
65,032
191,648
3,342
295,411
Total
6,210
82,011
48,607
85,060
49,119
87,470
318,417
5,846
682,740
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-85
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Utah Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-86
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,389
4,611
1,689
1,285
0
430
0
10,404
Indirect
18
162
433
806
852
863
5,782
76
8,993
Induced
111
15
106
422
580
2,255
7,572
105
11,165
Total
129
2,566
5,150
2,917
2,717
3,118
13,784
181
30,561
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,708
3,202
2,073
1,686
0
563
0
11,232
Indirect
27
229
562
1,017
1,095
1,002
7,497
104
11,532
Induced
155
21
137
574
730
2,774
9,304
134
13,829
Total
182
3,957
3,900
3,664
3,511
3,776
17,364
238
36,593
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,525
3,292
2,278
1,835
0
542
0
12,472
Indirect
33
284
630
1,203
1,252
1,130
8,626
124
13,281
Induced
184
25
155
675
839
3,158
10,610
156
15,803
Total
217
4,834
4,077
4,156
3,925
4,287
19,778
280
41,556
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Utah Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,768
3,581
2,262
1,886
0
557
0
13,054
Indirect
34
290
680
1,180
1,296
1,174
9,025
130
13,810
Induced
193
26
160
691
875
3,324
11,179
165
16,613
Total
227
5,084
4,421
4,134
4,057
4,498
20,761
295
43,477
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,923
3,639
2,331
1,949
0
570
0
13,412
Indirect
38
314
712
1,233
1,354
1,229
9,433
139
14,453
Induced
207
28
166
727
918
3,490
11,736
175
17,447
Total
246
5,265
4,517
4,292
4,221
4,719
21,738
314
45,312
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,257
3,966
2,684
2,118
0
615
0
14,640
Indirect
45
381
791
1,440
1,540
1,385
10,645
165
16,392
Induced
243
33
187
863
1,052
3,946
13,279
204
19,807
Total
289
5,671
4,943
4,988
4,709
5,331
24,539
369
50,839
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-87
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Vermont Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-88
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
10
6
18
91
33
23
142
7
330
Induced
32
1
7
55
31
93
291
8
518
Total
42
7
25
147
64
115
433
15
848
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
15
8
25
131
49
34
218
11
491
Induced
47
1
10
86
46
137
431
12
770
Total
63
8
35
217
96
171
649
22
1,261
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
20
8
30
158
60
41
267
13
597
Induced
58
1
11
109
56
166
517
14
933
Total
77
9
42
267
116
207
784
28
1,530
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Vermont Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
20
7
33
142
58
41
265
13
579
Induced
59
1
11
108
55
167
517
15
932
Total
79
8
44
250
113
207
782
28
1,510
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
21
7
35
142
60
43
278
14
600
Induced
62
1
12
111
56
177
545
16
980
Total
84
8
47
253
116
220
823
30
1,581
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
26
9
44
165
72
52
338
17
724
Induced
77
1
15
135
66
218
666
19
1,198
Total
104
10
59
300
138
270
1,004
37
1,922
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-89
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Virginia Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-90
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
502
157
209
39
0
16
0
923
Indirect
46
127
361
788
477
308
3,285
106
5,498
Induced
177
13
92
470
400
1,144
4,327
118
6,740
Total
223
643
611
1,467
916
1,452
7,627
224
13,162
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
458
67
217
25
0
10
0
777
Indirect
65
165
457
1,085
629
413
4,651
148
7,612
Induced
264
18
124
684
529
1,563
6,020
163
9,364
Total
328
641
648
1,985
1,183
1,976
10,681
311
17,753
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
407
71
322
27
0
10
0
838
Indirect
81
198
513
1,355
773
501
5,841
186
9,448
Induced
321
22
150
859
631
1,922
7,399
197
11,501
Total
402
628
734
2,536
1,432
2,423
13,250
382
21,787
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Virginia Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
362
76
295
28
0
10
0
772
Indirect
81
194
516
1,323
747
489
5,970
185
9,506
Induced
324
23
148
872
622
1,963
7,533
199
11,685
Total
405
579
741
2,490
1,397
2,452
13,514
385
21,963
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
341
77
357
29
0
10
0
815
Indirect
92
198
542
1,389
801
540
6,625
202
10,389
Induced
354
25
159
914
657
2,153
8,275
213
12,750
Total
446
564
778
2,661
1,487
2,693
14,910
415
23,953
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
387
88
549
33
0
12
0
1,069
Indirect
111
238
682
1,651
1,044
702
8,680
260
13,368
Induced
418
30
199
1,098
843
2,747
10,689
270
16,296
Total
529
655
970
3,299
1,920
3,449
19,381
530
30,732
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-91
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Washington Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-92
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
54
14
101
303
147
119
823
35
1,597
Induced
179
1
34
181
140
378
1,354
40
2,307
Total
233
15
135
484
287
497
2,177
76
3,904
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
81
14
152
374
223
180
1,283
53
2,360
Induced
282
1
51
242
213
569
2,021
59
3,438
Total
363
16
203
616
436
749
3,304
112
5,797
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
104
20
176
456
277
221
1,597
67
2,919
Induced
349
2
61
296
266
686
2,472
73
4,205
Total
454
22
237
752
543
907
4,069
140
7,123
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Washington Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
105
23
183
501
281
218
1,606
67
2,984
Induced
353
2
60
320
277
687
2,492
74
4,265
Total
458
24
244
820
557
905
4,098
142
7,249
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
112
26
191
589
303
234
1,708
72
3,236
Induced
373
2
64
359
299
731
2,648
80
4,556
Total
485
29
254
948
602
966
4,356
152
7,793
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
137
37
235
792
382
289
2,127
90
4,088
Induced
462
3
78
473
379
905
3,290
99
5,689
Total
599
40
313
1,264
761
1,194
5,417
189
9,777
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-93
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
West Virginia Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-94
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,905
1,673
230
748
0
315
0
6,871
Indirect
19
448
492
319
426
414
2,349
55
4,522
Induced
82
58
51
120
251
1,258
3,591
83
5,495
Total
102
4,411
2,216
670
1,425
1,672
6,255
138
16,888
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,372
2,014
260
843
0
369
0
12,857
Indirect
26
733
1,236
465
691
750
4,124
90
8,115
Induced
127
84
94
190
456
2,446
6,855
155
10,408
Total
153
10,190
3,345
915
1,990
3,196
11,347
245
31,380
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
13,466
2,891
386
1,281
0
496
0
18,520
Indirect
33
965
1,662
587
972
1,069
5,919
127
11,335
Induced
164
108
130
241
617
3,399
9,496
213
14,368
Total
197
14,539
4,684
1,214
2,870
4,468
15,911
340
44,223
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
West Virginia Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
14,025
2,764
354
1,157
0
448
0
18,748
Indirect
32
979
1,806
597
962
1,076
5,919
127
11,498
Induced
170
110
134
254
628
3,507
9,804
221
14,828
Total
203
15,114
4,704
1,205
2,747
4,583
16,171
348
45,074
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
15,523
3,274
429
1,394
0
534
0
21,154
Indirect
36
1,062
1,960
679
1,081
1,220
6,701
144
12,883
Induced
189
120
149
282
687
3,904
10,915
246
16,492
Total
225
16,705
5,383
1,389
3,162
5,125
18,150
390
50,529
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
21,843
4,974
659
2,111
0
803
0
30,390
Indirect
48
1,369
2,731
899
1,534
1,745
9,582
201
18,110
Induced
253
153
208
371
951
5,505
15,337
343
23,121
Total
301
23,365
7,913
1,929
4,597
7,251
25,722
545
71,620
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-95
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wisconsin Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-96
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
85
0
52
0
0
0
0
137
Indirect
69
23
135
2,077
373
244
1,479
58
4,457
Induced
284
2
39
831
333
782
2,677
65
5,013
Total
352
110
175
2,960
706
1,026
4,156
123
9,608
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
200
0
62
0
0
0
0
263
Indirect
104
31
195
3,065
537
366
2,214
86
6,599
Induced
421
3
58
1,243
475
1,177
3,952
95
7,424
Total
525
234
253
4,370
1,012
1,544
6,166
182
14,285
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
226
0
95
0
0
0
0
321
Indirect
134
35
232
3,803
678
456
2,805
107
8,252
Induced
524
3
71
1,534
594
1,433
4,871
116
9,146
Total
658
265
303
5,432
1,272
1,889
7,676
224
17,719
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wisconsin Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
248
0
84
0
0
0
0
333
Indirect
136
36
238
3,786
708
458
2,945
107
8,413
Induced
548
3
70
1,560
635
1,464
5,014
117
9,411
Total
684
287
308
5,430
1,342
1,922
7,959
224
18,156
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
280
0
102
0
0
0
0
382
Indirect
152
39
248
4,120
778
501
3,218
116
9,171
Induced
598
4
75
1,665
694
1,583
5,404
127
10,150
Total
750
322
322
5,887
1,472
2,085
8,622
243
19,703
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
348
0
158
0
0
0
0
506
Indirect
192
49
309
5,159
983
633
4,115
146
11,585
Induced
754
5
93
2,084
879
1,996
6,810
158
12,779
Total
946
402
402
7,402
1,861
2,628
10,925
304
24,871
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-97
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wyoming Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
B-98
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10,134
2,674
1,025
636
0
284
0
14,753
Indirect
16
401
2,235
100
728
867
4,188
112
8,647
Induced
67
40
130
56
536
3,033
7,315
210
11,386
Total
83
10,574
5,039
1,181
1,900
3,900
11,787
322
34,787
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
12,836
3,283
767
1,388
0
643
0
18,917
Indirect
19
405
2,177
105
858
964
5,016
130
9,673
Induced
102
56
195
85
814
4,569
11,036
316
17,173
Total
121
13,297
5,655
957
3,060
5,533
16,695
446
45,763
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
14,317
3,404
808
1,538
0
631
0
20,698
Indirect
21
471
2,316
118
951
1,057
5,549
145
10,630
Induced
118
68
213
97
894
4,960
11,980
346
18,675
Total
139
14,856
5,933
1,023
3,383
6,017
18,159
491
50,002
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wyoming Employment Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
16,142
4,216
805
1,800
0
737
0
23,700
Indirect
22
503
2,599
126
1,064
1,203
6,330
162
12,010
Induced
126
70
240
107
1,007
5,620
13,568
391
21,129
Total
148
16,715
7,055
1,038
3,871
6,823
20,636
554
56,840
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
17,537
4,853
832
2,107
0
854
0
26,183
Indirect
25
541
2,762
139
1,166
1,329
7,011
178
13,152
Induced
137
76
261
118
1,095
6,115
14,767
426
22,994
Total
161
18,154
7,877
1,089
4,368
7,444
22,632
605
62,329
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
22,179
6,107
957
2,644
0
1,065
0
32,953
Indirect
31
686
3,546
174
1,465
1,677
8,860
224
16,664
Induced
174
95
332
150
1,392
7,760
18,733
540
29,176
Total
205
22,961
9,985
1,280
5,502
9,438
28,658
764
78,792
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-99
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Value Added Contribution by State and Industry
Alabama Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-100
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
243
29
4
0
0
0
0
276
Indirect
4
19
15
115
35
18
130
5
341
Induced
8
3
3
59
33
48
173
7
335
Total
12
266
47
178
68
66
303
12
952
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
157
82
4
0
0
0
0
243
Indirect
5
25
15
171
49
28
176
7
477
Induced
11
5
4
86
47
66
234
10
463
Total
16
188
100
261
97
94
410
17
1,183
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
89
49
5
0
0
0
0
142
Indirect
6
33
14
209
52
28
174
8
525
Induced
13
7
4
104
50
65
235
10
488
Total
19
128
67
317
102
94
409
19
1,155
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Alabama Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
50
24
5
0
0
0
0
79
Indirect
6
34
13
219
50
25
162
8
517
Induced
13
7
4
109
48
60
219
10
470
Total
19
91
41
333
98
86
380
18
1,066
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
33
46
5
0
0
0
0
84
Indirect
6
38
13
254
55
30
182
9
587
Induced
13
8
4
122
53
67
245
11
523
Total
20
78
64
381
108
96
427
20
1,193
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
37
14
7
0
0
0
0
58
Indirect
8
48
17
330
67
32
210
11
722
Induced
16
10
5
158
65
76
282
13
624
Total
24
96
35
495
132
108
492
24
1,405
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-101
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arizona Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-102
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
25
11
48
23
15
117
4
246
Induced
5
3
3
28
26
39
174
6
283
Total
7
28
14
76
50
54
291
10
529
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
35
17
67
36
23
177
6
364
Induced
8
4
5
39
41
58
263
8
426
Total
11
39
22
107
78
81
440
14
791
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
40
22
80
47
30
229
8
459
Induced
10
5
7
47
53
72
336
10
539
Total
13
45
28
127
100
102
565
19
998
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arizona Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
38
25
75
50
32
246
9
476
Induced
10
5
7
46
57
74
358
11
567
Total
12
42
32
121
106
106
603
20
1,043
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
40
27
78
56
35
279
10
529
Induced
11
5
8
48
63
83
405
13
635
Total
14
45
35
126
119
119
683
23
1,164
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
4
51
34
96
74
45
368
13
684
Induced
13
6
10
59
84
107
530
17
826
Total
17
57
44
155
158
151
898
30
1,509
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-103
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arkansas Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-104
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,498
46
107
74
0
20
0
2,745
Indirect
5
48
83
104
193
85
476
12
1,005
Induced
14
4
8
60
126
200
732
18
1,161
Total
19
2,549
137
271
393
284
1,229
29
4,910
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,725
65
195
63
0
21
0
4,068
Indirect
7
70
123
160
282
136
713
18
1,508
Induced
21
5
12
86
183
290
1,065
25
1,688
Total
28
3,800
200
441
527
427
1,799
43
7,264
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,235
67
234
68
0
20
0
4,624
Indirect
8
80
139
200
335
166
833
21
1,781
Induced
25
6
14
102
211
337
1,234
30
1,959
Total
33
4,321
220
536
614
502
2,087
51
8,364
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arkansas Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,454
72
234
70
0
20
0
4,850
Indirect
8
83
147
203
344
171
875
22
1,853
Induced
26
6
15
106
217
352
1,292
31
2,045
Total
33
4,543
234
543
630
523
2,188
54
8,749
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,485
73
249
71
0
21
0
4,900
Indirect
8
84
148
217
357
179
896
23
1,913
Induced
27
6
15
112
221
361
1,327
32
2,102
Total
35
4,576
236
578
649
540
2,244
56
8,914
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,281
83
302
80
0
24
0
5,769
Indirect
10
102
173
261
429
213
1,060
28
2,276
Induced
33
8
18
136
262
428
1,571
39
2,495
Total
42
5,390
274
699
771
641
2,655
67
10,540
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-105
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
California Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-106
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
59
0
446
0
0
0
0
505
Indirect
7
25
20
177
82
76
416
11
815
Induced
26
6
8
119
69
110
518
15
871
Total
34
90
28
742
150
187
935
26
2,192
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
97
45
609
0
0
0
0
751
Indirect
10
38
29
247
121
110
608
17
1,181
Induced
37
9
13
173
102
160
750
21
1,265
Total
48
144
87
1,029
223
270
1,359
38
3,197
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
102
0
720
0
0
0
0
823
Indirect
13
45
36
291
143
131
718
21
1,397
Induced
45
11
16
205
122
188
877
26
1,488
Total
58
158
52
1,215
265
319
1,595
46
3,708
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
California Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
98
0
687
0
0
0
0
785
Indirect
12
46
37
270
142
129
722
21
1,380
Induced
46
11
16
200
124
187
874
26
1,483
Total
58
154
54
1,156
267
315
1,596
46
3,648
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
96
0
708
0
0
0
0
804
Indirect
13
48
40
277
152
136
762
22
1,451
Induced
49
11
18
208
134
197
923
28
1,567
Total
62
155
58
1,193
286
333
1,685
50
3,822
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
106
0
822
0
0
0
0
928
Indirect
16
60
50
332
186
163
935
27
1,769
Induced
61
14
22
255
166
239
1,129
34
1,920
Total
77
180
72
1,408
353
402
2,064
61
4,617
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-107
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Colorado Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-108
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,354
230
795
148
0
60
0
5,587
Indirect
3
143
174
139
342
258
1,811
43
2,913
Induced
37
20
28
117
303
613
2,579
60
3,758
Total
41
4,518
432
1,051
794
871
4,450
103
12,258
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,286
466
1,540
357
0
129
0
7,777
Indirect
6
205
193
250
565
466
2,861
68
4,613
Induced
58
32
43
180
471
941
3,956
91
5,772
Total
64
5,523
702
1,969
1,393
1,407
6,945
159
18,162
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,244
467
1,740
376
0
121
0
7,949
Indirect
7
233
186
284
607
514
3,062
74
4,967
Induced
63
38
46
196
501
997
4,196
98
6,135
Total
70
5,515
699
2,220
1,485
1,511
7,379
172
19,051
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Colorado Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,573
362
1,631
277
0
89
0
6,932
Indirect
6
233
172
247
529
443
2,669
66
4,365
Induced
57
37
40
175
439
866
3,666
87
5,367
Total
63
4,843
573
2,053
1,245
1,309
6,424
152
16,664
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,115
298
1,643
229
0
74
0
6,360
Indirect
6
244
160
235
498
415
2,483
63
4,103
Induced
55
39
37
168
412
808
3,432
82
5,033
Total
61
4,398
496
2,046
1,139
1,223
5,989
144
15,496
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,583
308
1,918
237
0
77
0
7,123
Indirect
7
303
183
268
563
465
2,804
71
4,664
Induced
65
49
42
193
468
910
3,879
93
5,698
Total
72
4,934
533
2,379
1,268
1,375
6,759
164
17,485
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-109
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Connecticut Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-110
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
5
65
17
10
97
2
197
Induced
2
0
2
29
19
24
146
3
224
Total
2
2
7
94
35
34
243
5
422
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
2
8
86
23
15
137
3
275
Induced
2
0
2
41
25
35
204
4
313
Total
3
3
10
127
47
50
340
8
587
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
3
9
105
27
18
159
4
326
Induced
3
1
3
50
28
41
236
5
366
Total
3
3
12
155
55
59
395
10
693
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Connecticut Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
3
10
105
26
18
154
4
321
Induced
3
1
3
52
27
41
228
5
359
Total
3
3
13
158
52
59
382
9
679
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
2
10
117
27
19
157
4
338
Induced
3
0
3
58
27
43
232
6
371
Total
3
3
13
175
54
62
389
10
709
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
3
13
150
32
24
187
5
415
Induced
3
1
4
74
33
52
277
7
450
Total
4
3
16
225
65
76
464
12
865
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-111
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Delaware Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-112
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
25
Indirect
0
0
2
11
7
7
35
1
63
Induced
1
0
1
8
5
9
50
1
74
Total
1
0
3
44
12
16
85
2
163
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
32
0
0
0
0
32
Indirect
0
0
3
16
10
9
50
1
90
Induced
1
0
1
11
7
12
71
2
105
Total
1
0
4
59
17
21
121
3
226
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
54
0
0
0
0
54
Indirect
0
0
4
21
15
15
68
2
126
Induced
1
0
1
13
9
17
97
2
141
Total
1
0
6
88
24
32
165
4
321
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Delaware Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
49
0
0
0
0
49
Indirect
0
0
4
19
15
14
68
2
122
Induced
1
0
1
13
9
17
95
2
139
Total
1
0
6
81
24
31
163
4
310
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
59
0
0
0
0
59
Indirect
0
0
5
21
17
16
75
2
137
Induced
1
0
2
13
11
20
106
2
154
Total
1
0
6
93
28
36
180
4
349
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
90
0
0
0
0
90
Indirect
0
0
6
27
25
25
99
3
186
Induced
2
0
2
16
15
28
140
3
205
Total
2
0
8
134
40
52
240
6
482
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-113
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
District of Columbia Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-114
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
0
0
1
0
29
1
32
Induced
0
0
0
0
1
1
36
1
40
Total
0
0
0
0
2
1
65
2
72
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
0
0
1
1
44
1
48
Induced
0
0
0
0
1
2
54
2
60
Total
0
0
1
0
3
2
98
4
108
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
0
2
1
56
2
61
Induced
0
0
0
0
2
2
68
3
75
Total
0
0
1
1
3
3
123
5
135
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
District of Columbia Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
0
2
1
56
2
62
Induced
0
0
0
0
2
2
69
3
76
Total
0
0
1
1
4
3
125
5
138
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
0
2
1
60
2
66
Induced
0
0
0
0
2
2
74
3
82
Total
0
0
1
1
4
3
134
5
148
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
0
3
1
75
3
82
Induced
0
0
1
0
3
3
93
4
104
Total
0
0
2
1
6
4
168
7
186
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-115
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Florida Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-116
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
168
12
0
0
0
0
180
Indirect
4
6
17
55
41
36
247
6
413
Induced
12
1
6
40
49
82
371
9
570
Total
15
7
191
108
90
118
618
15
1,163
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
370
17
0
0
0
0
387
Indirect
6
10
26
92
70
63
419
10
695
Induced
18
1
10
63
83
138
626
14
953
Total
24
11
405
172
153
201
1,045
23
2,034
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
163
23
0
0
0
0
185
Indirect
6
9
31
93
74
59
436
11
720
Induced
19
1
11
68
85
136
631
15
965
Total
26
10
205
183
159
195
1,067
26
1,871
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Florida Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
41
23
0
0
0
0
65
Indirect
6
8
33
81
68
52
428
11
688
Induced
19
1
10
63
80
124
598
15
910
Total
24
9
85
167
148
176
1,026
26
1,662
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
251
26
0
0
0
0
277
Indirect
7
9
37
97
82
71
536
13
853
Induced
22
1
12
71
98
159
760
17
1,140
Total
28
11
300
194
180
231
1,295
31
2,270
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
29
32
0
0
0
0
61
Indirect
7
9
48
101
91
73
608
16
953
Induced
25
1
15
79
107
169
836
20
1,252
Total
32
11
91
212
197
242
1,444
36
2,266
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-117
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Georgia Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-118
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
6
103
0
0
0
0
109
Indirect
4
8
14
101
61
42
235
7
472
Induced
9
1
5
83
68
77
313
10
566
Total
13
8
24
287
129
119
548
17
1,147
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
136
0
0
0
0
136
Indirect
5
9
18
144
91
58
344
11
681
Induced
12
1
6
122
101
108
440
14
804
Total
18
11
25
402
192
166
784
25
1,622
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
9
69
0
0
0
0
77
Indirect
6
11
22
174
105
66
407
13
805
Induced
15
2
8
149
120
124
507
17
941
Total
21
13
39
391
225
190
915
30
1,823
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Georgia Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
3
20
0
0
0
0
23
Indirect
6
11
23
176
101
63
414
13
808
Induced
15
2
8
154
119
121
500
17
935
Total
21
13
34
351
220
184
913
30
1,766
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
4
93
0
0
0
0
97
Indirect
7
12
24
197
117
77
469
15
918
Induced
16
2
9
169
134
141
578
19
1,069
Total
24
14
38
459
251
219
1,047
33
2,084
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
14
Indirect
9
15
30
241
139
88
564
18
1,105
Induced
20
2
12
209
163
166
685
23
1,280
Total
29
17
42
464
302
254
1,249
41
2,398
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-119
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Idaho Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-120
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
5
3
17
7
4
27
1
66
Induced
6
0
1
13
8
10
37
2
77
Total
8
5
4
29
15
14
64
3
142
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
7
3
26
11
6
41
2
100
Induced
9
1
1
19
12
15
57
2
114
Total
12
8
4
45
23
21
97
4
214
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
11
3
31
13
8
50
2
124
Induced
11
1
1
22
14
19
71
3
142
Total
15
12
4
53
27
27
121
5
266
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Idaho Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
13
3
30
14
8
53
2
127
Induced
11
1
1
23
14
20
74
3
147
Total
16
14
4
53
28
28
126
6
275
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
15
3
31
15
9
58
3
138
Induced
12
1
1
25
16
21
81
3
160
Total
17
16
4
56
30
30
139
6
298
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
7
20
4
36
19
12
73
3
173
Induced
15
2
1
30
20
27
103
4
202
Total
21
21
5
66
39
39
176
8
375
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-121
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Illinois Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-122
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
329
0
66
0
0
0
0
395
Indirect
3
40
20
290
122
68
447
11
1,000
Induced
14
6
9
163
113
149
695
16
1,165
Total
17
375
29
518
235
217
1,142
26
2,560
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
457
0
66
0
0
0
0
523
Indirect
4
54
30
421
174
92
622
15
1,413
Induced
20
8
14
238
162
207
949
21
1,619
Total
25
520
44
724
335
300
1,571
36
3,555
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
646
0
80
0
0
0
0
727
Indirect
6
70
36
498
223
114
774
19
1,741
Induced
24
10
18
289
203
262
1,203
26
2,035
Total
30
726
54
868
427
376
1,977
45
4,502
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Illinois Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
598
0
79
0
0
0
0
677
Indirect
5
66
37
469
217
110
777
19
1,698
Induced
24
9
18
287
202
254
1,183
26
2,003
Total
29
673
54
835
418
364
1,960
45
4,378
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
688
0
84
0
0
0
0
772
Indirect
6
72
38
486
238
118
834
20
1,812
Induced
25
10
19
305
219
277
1,289
28
2,172
Total
31
770
57
875
457
395
2,123
48
4,757
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
982
0
105
0
0
0
0
1,087
Indirect
7
96
47
589
310
148
1,066
26
2,289
Induced
30
12
25
381
282
360
1,676
36
2,802
Total
36
1,091
72
1,075
593
508
2,742
62
6,178
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-123
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Indiana Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-124
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
54
0
0
0
0
54
Indirect
2
10
11
258
50
25
117
5
478
Induced
9
2
4
120
47
49
188
6
424
Total
11
12
15
433
97
74
305
11
957
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
62
0
0
0
0
62
Indirect
3
14
17
361
68
34
163
7
667
Induced
13
3
6
174
64
67
261
9
597
Total
16
16
23
597
132
101
424
15
1,326
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
94
0
0
0
0
94
Indirect
4
16
20
443
84
44
206
8
826
Induced
16
3
7
212
77
84
326
10
735
Total
20
20
27
749
161
128
531
19
1,656
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Indiana Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
86
0
0
0
0
86
Indirect
4
16
20
445
81
43
210
8
827
Induced
16
3
7
222
76
83
328
10
747
Total
20
19
27
754
157
126
538
19
1,660
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
104
0
0
0
0
104
Indirect
4
17
21
488
86
48
229
9
902
Induced
16
3
8
244
80
90
356
11
809
Total
20
20
28
835
167
138
584
20
1,814
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
158
0
0
0
0
158
Indirect
5
21
26
608
110
64
296
11
1,142
Induced
20
4
9
309
101
117
457
14
1,031
Total
25
25
36
1,074
212
181
753
25
2,331
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-125
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Iowa Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-126
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
33
0
3
0
0
0
0
36
Indirect
3
3
6
66
23
12
56
3
171
Induced
14
0
2
43
21
28
101
4
213
Total
17
37
8
112
45
40
156
7
420
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
65
0
9
0
0
0
0
75
Indirect
5
4
10
97
39
19
88
4
266
Induced
23
0
3
64
33
43
153
5
325
Total
28
70
13
170
71
62
241
10
665
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
76
0
12
0
0
0
0
89
Indirect
7
5
12
119
48
23
108
5
328
Induced
28
1
4
76
41
51
186
7
394
Total
35
82
16
208
89
75
294
12
811
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Iowa Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
76
0
15
0
0
0
0
91
Indirect
7
4
13
126
50
23
115
6
343
Induced
30
0
4
79
43
52
192
7
407
Total
37
80
17
219
93
75
308
12
841
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
83
0
17
0
0
0
0
101
Indirect
8
4
14
142
57
25
126
6
381
Induced
33
0
5
86
48
56
209
7
444
Total
40
87
19
245
105
81
335
13
926
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
109
0
21
0
0
0
0
131
Indirect
10
4
18
184
74
32
162
7
491
Induced
43
0
6
111
63
71
265
9
567
Total
53
114
24
316
137
102
427
16
1,189
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-127
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kansas Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-128
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
44
0
55
0
0
0
0
99
Indirect
2
20
7
43
34
14
75
5
200
Induced
8
4
2
31
21
29
113
4
213
Total
9
68
9
129
55
43
188
10
512
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4
0
101
0
0
0
0
105
Indirect
2
28
8
64
56
22
106
9
295
Induced
12
6
3
48
31
40
156
6
302
Total
15
38
11
213
86
62
262
15
702
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
109
0
0
0
0
110
Indirect
3
31
9
80
64
25
127
10
349
Induced
15
6
3
58
37
47
185
7
360
Total
19
38
12
247
101
73
312
18
819
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kansas Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
107
0
0
0
0
107
Indirect
3
30
9
86
64
25
129
10
357
Induced
16
6
3
62
38
48
189
7
369
Total
19
36
12
255
102
73
318
18
834
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
111
0
0
0
0
111
Indirect
4
31
9
101
69
27
141
11
392
Induced
17
6
3
69
41
51
205
8
400
Total
21
37
12
282
109
77
346
19
904
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
130
0
0
0
0
130
Indirect
5
37
11
135
85
32
180
13
498
Induced
22
8
4
91
52
62
259
10
506
Total
27
45
15
356
137
94
438
23
1,135
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-129
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kentucky Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-130
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
384
14
26
21
0
6
0
451
Indirect
2
55
16
101
41
25
130
6
376
Induced
11
10
3
65
39
57
214
8
407
Total
13
449
33
192
101
82
351
13
1,234
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
459
14
29
13
0
5
0
519
Indirect
3
77
21
149
54
32
169
8
513
Induced
15
14
4
95
53
73
275
10
540
Total
19
549
39
273
120
105
449
18
1,572
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
420
15
50
14
0
4
0
503
Indirect
5
82
21
190
69
40
196
10
613
Induced
20
15
5
115
65
82
312
12
625
Total
25
517
41
356
147
123
512
21
1,741
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kentucky Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
378
16
44
14
0
4
0
457
Indirect
5
75
21
200
71
39
191
10
609
Induced
21
14
5
120
68
79
304
12
622
Total
25
466
41
365
152
118
499
21
1,689
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
353
16
53
14
0
5
0
441
Indirect
5
75
21
229
79
42
197
11
659
Induced
23
14
5
132
74
82
316
13
659
Total
28
442
42
414
167
124
518
23
1,759
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
405
18
80
16
0
5
0
525
Indirect
7
90
26
296
101
55
243
14
831
Induced
29
17
6
166
94
101
389
16
818
Total
36
511
50
543
211
156
637
29
2,174
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-131
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Louisiana Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-132
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,235
811
344
187
0
87
0
5,664
Indirect
9
213
145
274
315
232
1,291
17
2,497
Induced
22
33
23
99
284
514
1,851
34
2,859
Total
31
4,481
979
717
785
746
3,229
51
11,020
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,366
835
566
201
0
71
0
11,039
Indirect
12
390
328
419
529
356
2,089
27
4,151
Induced
36
52
38
163
477
868
3,125
56
4,815
Total
47
9,808
1,202
1,148
1,207
1,224
5,286
83
20,005
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
12,841
530
439
228
0
73
0
14,111
Indirect
12
495
443
449
627
382
2,456
33
4,897
Induced
42
62
45
194
566
1,037
3,727
67
5,741
Total
54
13,399
1,019
1,082
1,421
1,419
6,255
100
24,749
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Louisiana Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
15,456
520
394
234
0
74
0
16,678
Indirect
12
568
536
470
705
418
2,812
37
5,559
Induced
48
68
52
215
647
1,195
4,299
77
6,599
Total
60
16,093
1,108
1,079
1,585
1,613
7,185
114
28,837
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
16,252
438
424
239
0
76
0
17,429
Indirect
13
599
564
495
735
433
2,916
39
5,792
Induced
50
72
54
227
672
1,244
4,480
80
6,878
Total
62
16,922
1,056
1,146
1,646
1,677
7,472
119
30,100
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
20,716
447
409
310
0
99
0
21,981
Indirect
15
758
716
601
911
525
3,634
48
7,208
Induced
62
91
67
284
838
1,549
5,578
100
8,569
Total
77
21,565
1,230
1,295
2,059
2,074
9,311
148
37,759
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-133
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maine Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-134
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
0
2
15
5
3
23
1
52
Induced
3
0
1
13
6
10
38
1
72
Total
5
0
3
28
11
13
61
2
124
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
0
3
21
7
5
33
2
74
Induced
5
0
1
18
8
14
55
2
103
Total
7
0
4
39
15
19
88
3
177
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
1
4
26
8
6
40
2
90
Induced
6
0
1
22
9
17
66
2
123
Total
9
1
5
48
17
23
106
4
213
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maine Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
1
4
26
8
6
40
2
90
Induced
5
0
1
23
8
17
67
2
124
Total
9
1
6
49
16
23
107
4
214
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
4
1
5
28
8
6
43
2
96
Induced
6
0
1
25
8
18
71
2
132
Total
9
1
6
53
17
24
114
4
228
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
4
1
6
35
10
7
53
2
119
Induced
7
0
2
31
10
22
89
3
163
Total
12
2
8
65
20
29
141
5
282
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-135
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maryland Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-136
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
3
15
41
26
14
151
5
255
Induced
3
0
5
28
30
36
192
7
300
Total
3
3
20
69
55
49
343
12
555
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
4
21
61
38
20
227
8
379
Induced
4
1
8
40
42
51
280
10
434
Total
5
5
28
101
79
70
506
18
814
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
6
26
74
46
24
277
10
464
Induced
5
1
9
48
50
61
341
12
527
Total
7
7
35
122
96
85
618
22
992
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maryland Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
6
28
68
46
24
267
10
451
Induced
6
1
10
47
50
62
338
13
526
Total
7
7
38
115
96
86
606
23
977
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
7
31
68
51
25
277
11
471
Induced
6
1
10
48
53
67
359
14
558
Total
8
8
41
116
104
92
636
24
1,030
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
10
40
81
66
32
339
14
583
Induced
8
1
13
59
68
84
447
17
699
Total
10
11
53
140
134
116
786
31
1,281
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-137
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Massachusetts Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-138
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
13
Indirect
0
1
5
45
13
11
112
2
190
Induced
2
0
2
31
14
24
144
3
220
Total
2
1
7
88
27
35
256
5
423
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
18
0
0
0
0
18
Indirect
1
1
8
65
18
16
166
3
279
Induced
2
0
3
45
20
35
206
4
316
Total
3
1
11
129
38
51
372
8
613
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
32
0
0
0
0
32
Indirect
1
1
9
81
22
21
203
4
343
Induced
3
0
4
56
24
42
249
5
383
Total
4
1
13
169
46
63
452
10
758
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Massachusetts Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
29
0
0
0
0
29
Indirect
1
1
9
74
21
20
203
4
334
Induced
3
0
4
55
23
41
245
5
377
Total
4
1
13
159
44
61
448
10
740
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
36
0
0
0
0
36
Indirect
1
1
10
76
22
21
214
4
350
Induced
3
0
4
57
24
43
260
6
397
Total
4
2
14
169
46
65
474
10
783
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
56
0
0
0
0
56
Indirect
1
2
12
91
27
27
267
5
433
Induced
4
0
5
71
29
54
323
7
492
Total
5
2
17
217
55
81
590
13
981
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-139
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Michigan Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-140
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
364
0
495
0
0
0
0
859
Indirect
3
34
27
246
141
58
430
9
949
Induced
15
4
8
134
109
166
708
14
1,159
Total
18
401
36
875
250
225
1,138
23
2,966
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
266
0
711
0
0
0
0
977
Indirect
5
45
31
387
187
79
555
12
1,302
Induced
21
5
11
195
145
214
905
19
1,514
Total
26
317
43
1,293
331
293
1,460
31
3,794
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
170
0
946
0
0
0
0
1,116
Indirect
7
56
32
490
236
98
659
15
1,593
Induced
25
6
14
233
176
257
1,084
23
1,818
Total
31
231
46
1,669
412
356
1,743
39
4,527
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Michigan Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
108
0
888
0
0
0
0
996
Indirect
6
54
31
506
223
94
639
15
1,568
Induced
24
6
13
236
169
245
1,027
22
1,742
Total
30
167
44
1,629
392
338
1,666
37
4,306
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
77
0
1,002
0
0
0
0
1,079
Indirect
7
57
32
562
249
103
691
16
1,717
Induced
25
6
14
253
184
266
1,109
24
1,883
Total
32
140
46
1,817
433
370
1,800
40
4,679
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
88
0
1,353
0
0
0
0
1,441
Indirect
9
72
40
708
335
135
903
21
2,222
Induced
32
8
18
318
241
347
1,438
31
2,433
Total
41
168
58
2,378
576
482
2,342
51
6,096
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-141
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Minnesota Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-142
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
Indirect
3
21
8
108
34
20
157
5
355
Induced
12
1
3
70
33
47
222
6
396
Total
15
67
11
178
68
67
379
11
796
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
112
0
0
0
0
0
0
112
Indirect
4
30
11
160
57
32
239
7
541
Induced
18
1
5
111
51
76
348
9
619
Total
23
144
16
271
108
107
587
17
1,272
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
119
0
0
0
0
0
0
119
Indirect
6
36
13
197
68
38
286
9
653
Induced
22
2
6
135
60
89
412
11
736
Total
27
156
19
332
128
127
697
20
1,507
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Minnesota Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
101
0
0
0
0
0
0
101
Indirect
6
33
14
189
69
38
286
9
644
Induced
23
2
6
136
61
87
409
11
734
Total
29
136
19
325
130
125
695
20
1,480
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
95
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
Indirect
6
34
15
202
75
41
303
9
686
Induced
24
2
6
145
65
92
433
12
780
Total
31
130
21
347
140
133
737
21
1,561
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
107
0
0
0
0
0
0
107
Indirect
8
41
19
252
94
52
376
12
856
Induced
31
2
7
183
82
115
539
15
974
Total
39
151
27
435
176
168
915
27
1,937
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-143
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Mississippi Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-144
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
Indirect
3
10
4
42
19
6
36
3
122
Induced
7
2
1
31
22
16
55
3
138
Total
10
12
9
73
41
22
91
6
264
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
119
0
0
0
0
0
119
Indirect
5
16
6
68
40
21
97
4
258
Induced
11
3
2
48
43
41
143
6
298
Total
16
19
128
115
83
63
240
11
675
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
57
0
0
0
0
0
57
Indirect
5
17
7
77
42
16
84
5
254
Induced
13
4
2
58
46
36
127
7
293
Total
18
21
66
135
88
52
212
12
604
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Mississippi Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
33
0
0
0
0
0
33
Indirect
5
17
7
74
41
13
77
5
239
Induced
13
3
2
58
45
33
118
6
280
Total
18
20
43
132
86
46
195
11
551
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
30
0
0
0
0
0
30
Indirect
5
17
8
76
43
14
82
5
250
Induced
14
3
2
60
48
34
125
7
295
Total
20
20
40
136
92
48
207
12
575
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
26
0
0
0
0
0
26
Indirect
7
20
10
88
54
15
100
7
299
Induced
19
4
3
71
59
41
154
8
359
Total
25
24
39
159
113
56
254
15
685
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-145
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Missouri Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-146
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
42
0
271
0
0
0
0
314
Indirect
1
5
7
54
52
26
165
6
316
Induced
7
1
3
40
36
66
266
8
427
Total
9
48
10
365
88
92
431
14
1,057
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
67
0
394
0
0
0
0
461
Indirect
2
7
10
81
75
38
236
9
458
Induced
11
1
5
59
52
94
377
11
609
Total
13
75
14
534
127
132
613
20
1,529
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
86
0
501
0
0
0
0
587
Indirect
3
8
12
100
94
48
293
12
568
Induced
14
1
6
71
64
117
466
14
753
Total
16
95
18
672
158
165
759
25
1,908
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Missouri Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
80
0
514
0
0
0
0
594
Indirect
2
8
13
102
93
48
298
12
576
Induced
14
1
6
73
65
118
469
14
759
Total
16
89
18
689
158
166
767
26
1,929
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
86
0
571
0
0
0
0
657
Indirect
3
8
13
115
102
52
324
13
629
Induced
15
1
6
79
70
129
509
15
825
Total
17
96
20
764
172
181
833
28
2,111
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
110
0
703
0
0
0
0
814
Indirect
3
10
17
145
125
64
401
16
782
Induced
18
1
8
98
87
159
629
19
1,020
Total
22
122
25
947
213
224
1,029
35
2,616
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-147
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Montana Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-148
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
Indirect
1
15
3
6
10
3
21
1
60
Induced
4
2
1
5
10
9
35
1
67
Total
5
52
4
11
19
12
56
2
162
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
Indirect
2
26
3
9
14
4
28
1
89
Induced
6
4
1
7
14
12
48
2
94
Total
8
62
4
17
28
16
76
3
214
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
Indirect
2
32
3
11
17
5
34
2
106
Induced
8
5
1
9
16
14
57
2
112
Total
10
65
5
20
33
19
90
4
246
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Montana Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
Indirect
2
32
3
11
16
5
35
2
107
Induced
9
5
1
9
16
14
58
2
114
Total
11
63
5
20
32
19
92
4
246
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
22
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
Indirect
2
35
3
12
16
5
37
2
113
Induced
10
6
1
10
16
15
61
3
121
Total
12
63
5
22
33
20
98
5
257
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
Indirect
3
46
4
15
20
6
45
2
143
Induced
13
7
1
12
20
19
76
3
151
Total
16
77
6
27
40
25
122
6
318
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-149
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nebraska Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-150
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
8
Indirect
2
2
4
23
31
9
48
2
120
Induced
8
0
1
20
21
16
68
2
137
Total
10
2
6
51
52
24
116
4
265
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
21
Indirect
3
2
6
35
52
16
79
3
197
Induced
12
0
2
31
33
24
107
4
212
Total
14
2
8
87
84
40
186
7
429
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
25
Indirect
4
3
7
46
64
19
104
4
252
Induced
15
0
2
38
40
30
133
4
263
Total
19
3
9
108
105
49
238
9
540
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nebraska Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
0
27
Indirect
4
3
8
49
64
20
114
5
266
Induced
16
1
2
39
40
31
139
5
272
Total
19
4
10
116
104
51
252
9
565
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
30
0
0
0
0
30
Indirect
4
3
9
58
68
22
128
5
297
Induced
17
1
3
43
43
33
152
5
295
Total
21
4
11
131
111
55
279
10
622
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
37
0
0
0
0
37
Indirect
5
4
11
77
85
28
166
6
382
Induced
21
1
3
55
53
41
191
6
372
Total
26
4
14
169
138
69
357
12
791
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-151
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nevada Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-152
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
40
1
0
0
0
0
41
Indirect
0
10
2
7
6
5
34
1
65
Induced
0
1
1
4
8
11
48
1
74
Total
0
11
43
11
14
16
83
2
180
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
Indirect
0
14
2
7
7
3
32
1
65
Induced
0
1
1
5
7
7
39
1
61
Total
0
15
2
13
14
10
71
2
128
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
6
2
0
0
0
0
9
Indirect
0
18
2
8
9
4
43
1
85
Induced
1
2
1
6
9
10
53
1
83
Total
1
19
9
16
18
14
96
2
177
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nevada Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
Indirect
0
18
2
7
9
3
43
1
83
Induced
1
2
1
6
10
9
52
1
81
Total
1
19
3
15
19
13
94
2
167
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
Indirect
0
19
2
8
11
4
47
1
92
Induced
1
2
1
6
11
11
58
2
91
Total
1
21
3
16
22
14
105
3
185
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
Indirect
0
24
2
9
14
5
61
2
117
Induced
1
2
1
8
15
14
75
2
117
Total
1
27
3
20
29
19
136
3
237
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-153
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Hampshire Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-154
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
10
2
2
10
0
25
Induced
0
0
0
4
2
4
15
0
27
Total
1
0
1
15
3
6
25
1
52
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
14
2
3
15
1
36
Induced
1
0
0
6
2
6
23
1
39
Total
1
0
1
20
5
9
38
1
75
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
16
3
4
19
1
45
Induced
1
0
0
7
3
8
29
1
49
Total
1
0
2
23
6
12
48
1
94
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Hampshire Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
16
3
4
19
1
44
Induced
1
0
0
7
3
8
29
1
49
Total
1
0
2
23
6
12
48
2
93
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
16
3
4
21
1
47
Induced
1
0
0
8
3
9
32
1
53
Total
1
0
2
24
6
13
53
2
100
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
2
20
4
6
27
1
60
Induced
1
0
1
9
4
11
41
1
68
Total
1
1
2
29
8
17
68
2
128
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-155
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Jersey Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-156
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
10
71
0
0
0
0
81
Indirect
0
1
6
48
25
23
146
4
253
Induced
2
0
2
46
26
39
185
5
306
Total
2
1
19
165
51
62
331
8
640
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
73
0
0
0
0
73
Indirect
1
1
9
61
35
30
207
5
349
Induced
3
0
3
62
37
53
252
6
418
Total
3
1
12
197
72
84
459
11
841
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
106
0
0
0
0
106
Indirect
1
2
11
72
43
38
254
6
426
Induced
3
0
4
75
46
66
305
8
508
Total
4
2
15
253
89
104
559
14
1,040
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Jersey Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
94
0
0
0
0
94
Indirect
1
2
12
63
43
36
257
6
419
Induced
3
0
4
75
47
66
303
8
505
Total
4
2
16
233
90
101
560
14
1,019
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
111
0
0
0
0
111
Indirect
1
2
11
64
47
38
275
7
445
Induced
4
0
4
79
51
71
322
9
539
Total
5
2
15
253
98
109
597
15
1,095
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
167
0
0
0
0
167
Indirect
1
2
13
76
61
50
348
8
559
Induced
5
0
5
98
65
91
406
11
680
Total
6
2
18
341
125
142
754
19
1,406
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-157
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Mexico Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-158
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,990
26
68
4
0
3
0
2,091
Indirect
1
49
64
17
78
44
268
10
529
Induced
6
8
6
14
63
134
489
15
736
Total
7
2,047
96
99
146
178
760
24
3,356
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,784
6
102
5
0
2
0
1,898
Indirect
1
70
58
22
83
47
265
10
556
Induced
7
13
6
17
62
126
462
14
706
Total
7
1,867
70
141
149
173
729
25
3,160
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,329
5
115
5
0
1
0
1,456
Indirect
1
80
46
25
77
44
242
10
525
Induced
7
15
6
18
54
107
398
13
617
Total
8
1,424
57
159
136
151
641
24
2,599
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Mexico Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,109
21
127
5
0
2
0
1,263
Indirect
1
82
40
24
74
45
235
10
510
Induced
7
16
5
18
50
99
371
13
579
Total
8
1,206
66
168
129
144
608
23
2,352
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,001
6
132
5
0
2
0
1,146
Indirect
1
88
37
24
73
44
228
10
505
Induced
7
17
5
19
47
94
354
12
556
Total
8
1,106
48
174
126
138
584
23
2,206
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,153
7
155
6
0
2
0
1,323
Indirect
1
114
43
28
86
51
270
12
606
Induced
8
23
7
23
56
110
418
15
660
Total
10
1,290
56
206
148
161
690
27
2,589
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-159
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New York Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-160
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
27
3
31
0
0
0
0
61
Indirect
2
10
30
164
79
57
635
16
994
Induced
8
1
11
118
89
127
884
21
1,260
Total
10
39
45
314
167
184
1,519
37
2,316
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
17
0
33
0
0
0
0
50
Indirect
3
14
35
235
111
82
954
23
1,458
Induced
12
2
15
169
124
181
1,284
30
1,816
Total
15
34
50
436
236
263
2,238
53
3,325
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10
2
49
0
0
0
0
60
Indirect
4
18
38
282
127
101
1,145
29
1,744
Induced
15
3
17
199
140
221
1,530
36
2,162
Total
19
31
56
531
267
322
2,675
65
3,967
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New York Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
6
0
45
0
0
0
0
51
Indirect
4
18
37
262
117
99
1,144
29
1,709
Induced
15
3
17
195
131
220
1,518
36
2,135
Total
19
27
54
502
248
319
2,661
65
3,895
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4
0
53
0
0
0
0
57
Indirect
5
19
35
270
119
107
1,196
31
1,782
Induced
17
3
17
204
133
234
1,583
39
2,229
Total
22
27
52
528
252
341
2,779
69
4,069
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5
0
80
0
0
0
0
85
Indirect
6
24
41
327
141
136
1,469
38
2,182
Induced
21
4
20
252
158
294
1,936
47
2,732
Total
27
33
61
660
299
430
3,405
85
5,000
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-161
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Carolina Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-162
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
Indirect
3
5
17
135
33
26
187
7
414
Induced
9
1
5
120
37
61
247
10
490
Total
13
6
27
255
71
87
434
17
909
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
7
24
195
47
38
280
11
605
Induced
14
1
8
175
51
89
362
14
712
Total
18
8
31
369
98
127
641
25
1,318
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
9
Indirect
5
8
30
240
56
48
349
14
752
Induced
16
1
10
210
62
110
459
17
885
Total
22
9
48
450
118
158
808
31
1,645
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Carolina Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
8
32
226
53
47
357
14
744
Induced
16
1
10
206
60
109
470
18
890
Total
21
9
43
432
113
157
827
32
1,634
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
9
36
232
56
51
388
16
793
Induced
17
1
12
213
63
118
518
20
962
Total
23
10
47
445
118
170
906
35
1,754
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
7
11
46
273
68
63
489
20
978
Induced
23
2
15
258
77
147
660
25
1,206
Total
31
13
62
531
145
210
1,149
45
2,185
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-163
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Dakota Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-164
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
22
2
6
7
3
14
1
55
Induced
5
5
1
4
6
7
21
1
50
Total
6
26
2
11
13
10
35
2
105
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
56
3
10
11
5
21
1
110
Induced
7
12
1
7
10
10
32
2
81
Total
8
68
4
17
21
15
53
3
190
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
75
3
14
14
6
28
2
143
Induced
8
17
1
9
12
12
41
2
102
Total
11
91
4
23
26
18
69
4
245
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Dakota Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
84
3
15
14
6
30
2
156
Induced
9
18
1
10
12
13
44
2
109
Total
11
103
5
25
26
18
74
4
265
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
94
4
17
15
6
34
2
174
Induced
10
21
1
12
13
14
50
2
122
Total
12
115
5
29
28
20
84
4
296
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
127
5
21
19
8
45
2
230
Induced
12
28
2
16
16
17
66
3
160
Total
15
155
6
37
35
25
111
5
390
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-165
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Ohio Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-166
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
82
0
457
0
0
0
0
539
Indirect
3
32
22
448
155
136
494
12
1,302
Induced
14
6
9
177
118
171
694
16
1,204
Total
16
120
30
1,081
274
307
1,188
28
3,045
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
83
0
536
0
0
0
0
620
Indirect
4
46
29
623
210
171
644
16
1,743
Induced
18
8
11
251
162
216
890
21
1,579
Total
22
137
40
1,410
373
387
1,535
37
3,942
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
109
0
827
0
0
0
0
936
Indirect
5
60
35
808
298
249
862
22
2,338
Induced
24
11
15
315
215
293
1,191
28
2,091
Total
29
180
50
1,950
513
542
2,053
49
5,366
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Ohio Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
96
0
750
0
0
0
0
846
Indirect
5
59
36
806
282
230
823
21
2,263
Induced
23
11
14
325
210
277
1,132
27
2,019
Total
28
166
50
1,881
492
507
1,955
48
5,127
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
112
0
890
0
0
0
0
1,002
Indirect
6
64
39
906
320
264
909
23
2,530
Induced
25
12
16
359
234
310
1,256
30
2,241
Total
30
187
54
2,155
554
574
2,166
53
5,774
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
171
0
1,329
0
0
0
0
1,500
Indirect
7
84
51
1,195
439
372
1,226
31
3,405
Induced
32
15
21
470
313
425
1,702
39
3,017
Total
39
270
72
2,994
752
797
2,929
70
7,921
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-167
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oklahoma Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-168
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,364
133
368
37
0
22
0
1,924
Indirect
2
168
30
128
170
89
451
15
1,053
Induced
13
34
6
47
107
169
637
17
1,031
Total
15
1,566
169
543
314
259
1,111
32
4,008
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,062
122
587
113
0
37
0
2,922
Indirect
3
242
44
196
263
142
684
22
1,595
Induced
18
50
9
70
157
249
937
25
1,517
Total
21
2,355
175
853
533
391
1,658
47
6,033
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,372
136
744
132
0
39
0
3,422
Indirect
4
278
49
235
318
172
812
27
1,894
Induced
22
59
11
83
186
296
1,112
31
1,800
Total
26
2,708
195
1,062
636
468
1,962
58
7,116
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oklahoma Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,538
151
738
138
0
41
0
3,606
Indirect
4
285
52
234
323
173
847
28
1,944
Induced
23
58
11
85
192
307
1,157
32
1,866
Total
27
2,881
215
1,057
653
480
2,045
60
7,416
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,699
168
804
155
0
46
0
3,872
Indirect
4
305
55
254
347
186
912
30
2,092
Induced
25
63
12
92
207
331
1,250
34
2,014
Total
29
3,067
234
1,150
709
517
2,208
65
7,978
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,375
209
973
195
0
57
0
4,809
Indirect
5
386
68
315
427
228
1,132
37
2,598
Induced
31
80
15
115
256
410
1,548
42
2,498
Total
36
3,842
292
1,402
878
638
2,738
80
9,905
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-169
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oregon Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-170
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
25
24
0
0
0
0
50
Indirect
6
3
7
79
23
20
100
4
242
Induced
12
0
3
39
22
35
140
5
256
Total
18
3
35
143
45
55
240
9
548
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
0
23
Indirect
7
4
10
115
32
26
131
6
331
Induced
17
0
4
58
28
43
178
6
334
Total
25
5
14
196
60
68
309
12
689
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
0
27
Indirect
9
7
13
145
39
32
165
7
417
Induced
21
1
5
71
34
52
221
8
412
Total
30
8
18
243
73
84
385
15
856
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oregon Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
21
Indirect
8
8
13
139
37
29
166
7
408
Induced
21
1
5
72
34
52
221
8
413
Total
30
9
18
232
70
81
387
15
842
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
17
Indirect
9
10
14
144
37
30
175
7
426
Induced
22
1
5
75
35
55
236
8
439
Total
31
11
19
237
73
84
411
16
883
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
18
0
0
0
0
18
Indirect
10
14
18
173
46
36
218
9
525
Induced
28
2
6
93
45
69
296
10
550
Total
38
16
25
284
91
105
515
19
1,093
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-171
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Pennsylvania Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-172
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,647
308
239
185
0
64
0
2,444
Indirect
5
96
74
437
252
179
1,101
18
2,162
Induced
19
17
19
220
224
371
1,614
32
2,515
Total
23
1,760
401
896
662
550
2,779
49
7,121
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
6,173
320
243
240
0
87
0
7,063
Indirect
7
249
232
676
505
311
2,458
33
4,471
Induced
35
37
38
390
470
806
3,433
64
5,272
Total
42
6,458
589
1,310
1,215
1,117
5,977
97
16,806
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,392
479
410
375
0
120
0
10,777
Indirect
10
337
336
918
760
483
3,692
49
6,585
Induced
49
48
55
529
694
1,208
5,097
96
7,774
Total
59
9,777
870
1,857
1,828
1,691
8,909
145
25,136
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Pennsylvania Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10,254
437
375
334
0
107
0
11,507
Indirect
10
350
371
880
770
475
3,825
49
6,730
Induced
51
48
56
538
715
1,247
5,262
99
8,015
Total
61
10,652
864
1,792
1,819
1,721
9,194
148
26,252
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
11,460
530
445
407
0
131
0
12,973
Indirect
12
383
408
970
874
550
4,328
56
7,582
Induced
57
53
63
593
808
1,415
5,948
112
9,047
Total
69
11,896
1,001
2,008
2,089
1,965
10,407
169
29,603
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
16,495
823
653
633
0
204
0
18,808
Indirect
16
527
574
1,294
1,250
800
6,201
80
10,741
Induced
79
72
89
811
1,156
2,033
8,490
159
12,889
Total
95
17,093
1,486
2,758
3,038
2,833
14,896
239
42,438
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-173
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Rhode Island Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-174
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
17
3
3
24
1
49
Induced
1
0
1
8
3
6
37
1
57
Total
1
0
2
25
6
9
62
1
107
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
25
5
4
35
1
72
Induced
1
0
1
12
5
9
53
1
82
Total
1
0
3
37
9
13
88
2
153
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
30
5
5
41
1
85
Induced
1
0
1
14
5
11
63
1
97
Total
2
0
3
45
10
15
104
3
182
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Rhode Island Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
28
5
5
41
1
83
Induced
1
0
1
14
5
11
63
1
96
Total
1
1
3
42
10
15
104
3
179
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
2
28
5
5
43
1
85
Induced
1
0
1
14
5
11
66
1
100
Total
2
1
3
43
10
16
110
3
186
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
2
33
6
6
53
1
103
Induced
2
0
1
17
6
13
81
2
123
Total
2
1
3
51
12
19
134
3
225
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-175
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Carolina Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-176
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
3
Indirect
2
2
7
99
20
11
73
4
216
Induced
5
0
2
55
21
28
108
5
224
Total
7
2
12
154
40
39
181
8
444
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Indirect
4
3
11
148
29
16
108
5
324
Induced
7
0
3
83
30
42
158
7
330
Total
11
4
14
231
60
58
266
12
655
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
5
Indirect
4
4
13
183
36
21
137
7
405
Induced
9
1
4
102
37
51
200
8
411
Total
13
5
22
285
73
72
337
15
822
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Carolina Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
Indirect
4
4
14
187
36
20
141
7
413
Induced
9
1
4
107
37
51
204
8
420
Total
12
5
19
295
73
71
345
15
835
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
Indirect
4
5
15
207
38
22
155
7
454
Induced
9
1
4
118
39
55
225
9
460
Total
13
6
21
327
78
77
380
16
917
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
Indirect
5
7
19
262
47
27
197
9
573
Induced
11
1
5
151
49
68
284
11
581
Total
16
8
24
415
96
95
481
20
1,155
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-177
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Dakota Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-178
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
11
5
3
14
1
37
Induced
4
0
1
7
5
7
26
1
51
Total
5
2
2
18
10
10
40
2
88
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
2
2
16
8
4
21
1
56
Induced
7
0
1
11
7
10
38
2
76
Total
8
2
3
27
15
15
59
3
132
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
2
2
19
10
5
26
2
68
Induced
9
0
1
14
9
13
46
2
93
Total
11
3
3
33
18
18
72
4
161
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Dakota Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
2
2
18
10
5
27
2
69
Induced
9
0
1
14
9
13
47
2
95
Total
11
3
3
32
19
18
74
4
163
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
2
2
19
12
6
29
2
74
Induced
10
0
1
15
10
14
51
2
102
Total
12
3
3
33
22
19
80
4
176
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
3
3
23
15
7
36
2
92
Induced
13
0
1
18
13
17
64
3
128
Total
16
4
4
40
28
24
100
5
220
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-179
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Tennessee Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-180
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
12
Indirect
2
6
10
111
42
21
114
5
310
Induced
8
1
3
78
49
44
172
6
361
Total
9
7
13
201
90
65
286
11
683
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
Indirect
2
9
15
168
60
29
167
7
458
Induced
11
2
5
119
71
62
246
9
523
Total
14
11
19
292
131
90
413
16
986
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
13
Indirect
3
12
18
211
73
37
210
9
573
Induced
14
2
6
150
83
76
306
11
648
Total
18
14
24
374
156
113
516
20
1,233
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Tennessee Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
8
Indirect
3
12
19
217
71
36
219
9
586
Induced
15
2
6
159
82
77
312
11
664
Total
18
14
25
384
154
113
531
20
1,258
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
8
Indirect
4
12
20
244
76
39
238
10
642
Induced
16
2
6
176
87
83
339
12
721
Total
20
14
27
428
163
122
576
21
1,372
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
7
Indirect
5
15
26
310
95
48
300
12
810
Induced
21
3
8
226
108
103
425
15
909
Total
26
18
34
543
203
151
725
27
1,727
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-181
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Texas Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-182
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
14,752
1,368
2,788
498
0
216
0
19,621
Indirect
20
1,654
380
1,742
2,122
1,233
6,422
63
13,636
Induced
121
424
94
878
1,612
2,391
9,109
109
14,739
Total
141
16,830
1,842
5,408
4,233
3,624
15,746
172
47,995
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
20,276
1,078
3,983
823
0
303
0
26,463
Indirect
26
2,279
498
2,390
3,007
1,699
8,674
89
18,662
Induced
164
591
126
1,189
2,162
3,174
12,092
146
19,643
Total
189
23,147
1,702
7,563
5,991
4,873
21,070
235
64,768
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
24,667
1,411
5,238
1,147
0
377
0
32,840
Indirect
34
2,738
582
3,091
3,856
2,251
11,054
118
23,722
Induced
207
732
160
1,494
2,744
4,042
15,380
187
24,945
Total
241
28,136
2,153
9,823
7,747
6,292
26,811
305
81,507
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Texas Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
25,997
1,486
5,190
1,144
0
377
0
34,194
Indirect
34
2,833
620
3,092
3,930
2,271
11,479
122
24,380
Induced
213
742
165
1,526
2,814
4,154
15,838
195
25,648
Total
247
29,573
2,270
9,808
7,888
6,425
27,694
317
84,223
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
27,455
1,690
5,678
1,291
0
425
0
36,540
Indirect
37
3,009
651
3,369
4,259
2,484
12,409
135
26,353
Induced
231
797
179
1,641
3,044
4,501
17,162
213
27,767
Total
267
31,261
2,520
10,688
8,594
6,985
29,997
347
90,660
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
33,667
2,009
6,975
1,565
0
516
0
44,731
Indirect
45
3,724
805
4,139
5,220
3,038
15,222
168
32,359
Induced
285
987
220
2,014
3,727
5,507
20,996
263
33,998
Total
330
38,377
3,034
13,127
10,513
8,545
36,733
431
111,089
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-183
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Utah Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-184
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
695
247
161
116
0
38
0
1,256
Indirect
1
30
26
93
120
84
495
6
855
Induced
7
4
8
60
96
172
659
9
1,015
Total
8
729
281
313
331
256
1,192
16
3,126
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
960
173
199
147
0
48
0
1,527
Indirect
1
43
34
118
153
100
639
8
1,096
Induced
10
6
10
82
118
208
799
12
1,243
Total
11
1,008
217
398
419
308
1,485
20
3,866
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,122
175
216
156
0
46
0
1,714
Indirect
2
51
38
139
173
112
729
10
1,254
Induced
11
7
11
96
134
234
904
14
1,411
Total
13
1,180
224
451
462
346
1,679
24
4,379
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Utah Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,207
190
216
161
0
47
0
1,821
Indirect
2
52
40
138
180
116
770
11
1,309
Induced
12
7
12
99
139
245
954
15
1,482
Total
14
1,266
242
453
480
362
1,770
25
4,613
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,256
193
223
164
0
48
0
1,885
Indirect
2
56
42
145
187
121
802
11
1,368
Induced
13
7
12
105
145
256
1,000
16
1,553
Total
15
1,320
248
473
497
377
1,850
27
4,807
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,344
209
256
177
0
52
0
2,038
Indirect
2
68
47
171
212
136
903
13
1,552
Induced
14
9
14
124
164
286
1,124
18
1,753
Total
17
1,421
269
551
553
422
2,079
32
5,343
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-185
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Vermont Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-186
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
1
10
3
2
11
1
29
Induced
1
0
0
8
4
5
20
1
39
Total
2
1
2
18
7
6
31
1
68
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
14
5
2
17
1
43
Induced
2
0
1
12
5
7
30
1
58
Total
3
1
2
26
10
9
47
2
101
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
17
6
3
21
1
52
Induced
3
0
1
15
6
8
36
1
70
Total
4
1
3
32
12
11
57
2
123
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Vermont Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
15
6
3
22
1
50
Induced
3
0
1
14
6
8
36
1
70
Total
4
1
3
29
12
11
58
2
121
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
15
6
3
23
1
52
Induced
3
0
1
15
7
9
38
1
73
Total
4
1
3
29
12
12
61
3
125
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
3
17
7
4
28
1
62
Induced
4
0
1
17
8
11
47
2
89
Total
5
1
4
35
15
14
74
3
152
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-187
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Virginia Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-188
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
122
9
41
5
0
2
0
179
Indirect
2
22
23
81
69
27
324
9
556
Induced
7
3
7
58
49
67
335
11
538
Total
9
147
39
180
124
94
661
20
1,273
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
112
4
45
3
0
1
0
165
Indirect
3
29
29
112
86
35
441
12
746
Induced
10
4
9
84
64
88
449
15
723
Total
14
144
41
241
154
123
891
27
1,634
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
95
4
67
3
0
1
0
170
Indirect
4
35
32
141
110
42
545
15
924
Induced
13
5
11
104
77
106
549
18
883
Total
17
135
47
311
190
148
1,095
34
1,977
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Virginia Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
84
4
61
4
0
1
0
154
Indirect
4
34
32
138
104
40
561
15
929
Induced
13
5
10
105
75
107
558
19
893
Total
17
123
47
304
183
147
1,120
34
1,976
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
78
4
74
4
0
1
0
161
Indirect
5
36
34
145
116
45
621
17
1,017
Induced
15
6
11
111
80
117
615
20
974
Total
19
119
49
329
200
162
1,237
37
2,152
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
89
5
114
4
0
1
0
213
Indirect
6
45
42
173
159
59
820
22
1,326
Induced
17
7
14
133
104
150
799
25
1,250
Total
23
141
61
420
267
210
1,621
47
2,789
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-189
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Washington Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-190
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
2
6
30
13
9
68
3
134
Induced
8
0
2
22
15
22
91
4
164
Total
11
2
9
52
28
31
158
6
298
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
4
2
10
38
20
14
106
4
198
Induced
13
0
4
30
23
32
136
5
243
Total
17
2
13
68
43
46
242
10
441
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
3
11
47
25
18
132
5
246
Induced
16
0
4
37
29
39
166
7
298
Total
21
3
15
84
53
56
299
12
544
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Washington Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
4
11
51
25
17
135
5
253
Induced
16
0
4
40
30
39
168
7
304
Total
22
4
16
91
55
56
303
12
557
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
5
4
12
60
27
19
143
6
275
Induced
17
0
4
45
32
41
179
7
327
Total
23
5
16
105
59
60
322
13
602
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
7
6
15
80
34
23
179
7
350
Induced
22
1
5
59
41
51
223
9
411
Total
28
7
20
139
75
74
403
16
761
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-191
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
West Virginia Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-192
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
996
96
55
87
0
28
0
1,261
Indirect
1
87
33
40
88
35
198
4
487
Induced
3
15
4
18
49
85
310
7
491
Total
4
1,098
132
112
225
120
536
11
2,239
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,446
117
62
95
0
31
0
2,751
Indirect
1
150
81
61
152
62
366
7
880
Induced
4
23
7
29
92
165
599
14
932
Total
6
2,618
204
153
339
227
996
20
4,563
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,394
165
92
141
0
41
0
3,832
Indirect
2
197
108
79
212
89
519
9
1,216
Induced
5
29
10
37
125
229
832
19
1,285
Total
7
3,620
283
208
478
318
1,392
28
6,333
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
West Virginia Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,605
157
84
128
0
37
0
4,011
Indirect
2
202
117
81
213
89
529
9
1,243
Induced
6
30
10
38
127
236
860
19
1,326
Total
7
3,836
285
204
468
326
1,425
29
6,580
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,949
186
102
152
0
44
0
4,434
Indirect
2
220
127
92
239
102
594
11
1,387
Induced
6
32
11
42
140
263
959
22
1,476
Total
8
4,202
325
236
531
365
1,597
32
7,297
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,567
280
157
229
0
67
0
6,299
Indirect
3
289
177
124
340
146
847
15
1,941
Induced
8
42
16
56
196
372
1,352
30
2,072
Total
11
5,898
473
337
765
519
2,266
45
10,313
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-193
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wisconsin Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-194
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
11
0
6
0
0
0
0
17
Indirect
3
3
9
195
34
19
120
4
386
Induced
12
0
3
99
35
44
181
6
380
Total
15
15
12
299
69
63
300
10
783
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
27
0
7
0
0
0
0
34
Indirect
4
4
12
287
50
29
180
7
573
Induced
18
0
4
148
50
66
265
9
560
Total
22
31
16
442
100
95
445
15
1,167
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
30
0
10
0
0
0
0
40
Indirect
6
5
15
354
62
36
227
8
713
Induced
23
1
5
181
62
80
327
10
689
Total
28
35
20
545
124
116
554
19
1,442
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wisconsin Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
33
0
9
0
0
0
0
42
Indirect
6
5
15
351
65
37
244
8
730
Induced
24
1
5
184
65
82
339
11
710
Total
30
38
20
544
130
118
583
19
1,482
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
37
0
11
0
0
0
0
48
Indirect
6
5
16
380
71
40
269
9
796
Induced
26
1
5
196
71
89
368
11
768
Total
33
43
21
587
142
129
637
21
1,613
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
47
0
17
0
0
0
0
64
Indirect
8
6
19
476
90
51
348
11
1,011
Induced
33
1
7
245
90
112
467
14
970
Total
42
54
26
738
181
163
815
26
2,044
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-195
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wyoming Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-196
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,639
164
112
76
0
23
0
5,014
Indirect
1
79
136
11
156
66
351
8
807
Induced
3
10
9
7
102
186
608
16
940
Total
4
4,727
308
129
334
252
981
24
6,760
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,436
204
103
160
0
50
0
5,953
Indirect
1
100
161
14
214
93
504
11
1,099
Induced
6
19
16
13
193
348
1,139
30
1,763
Total
7
5,555
381
129
568
441
1,692
41
8,815
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,858
208
107
173
0
48
0
6,394
Indirect
1
114
171
16
232
102
551
13
1,200
Induced
7
22
17
14
209
376
1,231
33
1,910
Total
8
5,993
397
137
614
479
1,829
46
9,503
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wyoming Value Added Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
6,590
257
104
203
0
56
0
7,211
Indirect
1
121
192
17
255
117
631
14
1,348
Induced
8
22
20
16
236
426
1,397
37
2,162
Total
9
6,734
469
136
694
543
2,085
52
10,722
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
7,056
296
105
236
0
65
0
7,758
Indirect
1
130
204
18
274
129
693
16
1,465
Induced
9
24
21
17
257
464
1,521
41
2,354
Total
10
7,210
522
141
766
593
2,280
57
11,578
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,029
369
120
294
0
82
0
9,894
Indirect
1
165
261
23
344
162
878
20
1,855
Induced
11
31
27
21
326
589
1,929
52
2,986
Total
13
9,226
657
164
964
751
2,889
72
14,735
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-197
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry
Alabama Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-198
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
88
28
1
0
0
0
0
117
Indirect
2
10
14
84
24
13
85
5
237
Induced
4
2
3
40
22
35
117
7
229
Total
6
100
44
125
46
48
202
12
583
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
57
77
1
0
0
0
0
135
Indirect
3
14
14
125
35
20
125
7
343
Induced
6
3
3
58
33
48
162
10
322
Total
9
73
95
184
68
69
287
17
801
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
32
46
2
0
0
0
0
80
Indirect
4
19
14
154
39
22
133
8
393
Induced
7
4
4
70
36
51
178
11
361
Total
11
55
63
226
75
73
312
19
834
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Alabama Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
18
23
2
0
0
0
0
42
Indirect
4
20
13
163
38
21
128
8
394
Induced
7
4
3
74
36
49
175
10
359
Total
10
42
39
239
74
69
303
19
795
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
12
44
2
0
0
0
0
57
Indirect
4
22
13
188
42
24
145
9
447
Induced
7
5
4
83
39
53
193
11
396
Total
11
39
61
273
81
77
337
20
900
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
14
13
2
0
0
0
0
29
Indirect
4
28
16
246
53
27
170
11
556
Induced
9
6
4
108
49
63
231
14
484
Total
13
48
34
356
102
90
402
25
1,069
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-199
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arizona Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-200
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
15
10
36
19
13
98
4
197
Induced
3
2
3
19
20
33
148
6
233
Total
4
17
13
55
39
46
246
10
430
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
20
17
50
29
20
148
7
292
Induced
5
2
5
27
32
49
223
9
351
Total
6
23
21
77
61
69
371
15
643
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
24
21
60
38
26
192
9
372
Induced
5
3
6
32
40
61
286
11
445
Total
7
27
27
92
79
87
478
20
816
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arizona Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
23
25
56
40
27
205
9
387
Induced
5
3
7
31
43
63
304
12
469
Total
7
25
31
87
84
90
509
21
855
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
24
26
58
45
31
233
11
430
Induced
6
3
7
33
49
71
344
14
526
Total
8
27
34
91
94
101
577
24
956
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
30
33
71
60
39
307
14
557
Induced
7
4
9
41
65
91
450
18
684
Total
9
34
43
112
124
129
757
32
1,241
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-201
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arkansas Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-202
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
999
43
68
46
0
14
0
1,171
Indirect
2
17
78
66
82
46
261
9
561
Induced
6
2
6
35
63
110
345
15
582
Total
8
1,018
127
170
191
156
620
25
2,314
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,482
61
127
39
0
16
0
1,725
Indirect
4
24
116
99
120
73
388
14
838
Induced
9
2
9
50
91
160
501
22
845
Total
12
1,508
186
276
250
233
905
36
3,407
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,702
63
156
42
0
15
0
1,979
Indirect
4
28
130
124
144
89
458
17
995
Induced
10
3
11
61
105
186
584
26
986
Total
15
1,733
205
341
292
275
1,057
43
3,960
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Arkansas Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,782
68
156
43
0
16
0
2,066
Indirect
4
29
138
126
147
92
477
18
1,032
Induced
11
3
11
63
107
194
611
27
1,027
Total
15
1,814
218
346
297
286
1,104
45
4,124
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,805
69
167
44
0
16
0
2,102
Indirect
4
30
139
135
153
96
492
19
1,068
Induced
11
3
12
67
109
200
629
28
1,059
Total
15
1,838
220
369
306
296
1,137
47
4,229
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,137
78
202
50
0
18
0
2,485
Indirect
5
36
163
164
184
114
583
23
1,273
Induced
14
4
14
82
130
238
747
34
1,262
Total
19
2,177
256
447
364
352
1,349
57
5,020
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-203
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
California Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-204
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
44
0
305
0
0
0
0
349
Indirect
4
14
19
120
55
50
309
12
584
Induced
14
3
8
76
47
81
378
15
620
Total
18
62
27
501
102
131
686
27
1,553
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
72
42
433
0
0
0
0
547
Indirect
6
21
29
167
81
73
452
17
847
Induced
19
5
12
110
69
117
546
22
900
Total
25
98
83
710
151
190
998
39
2,295
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
76
0
525
0
0
0
0
601
Indirect
7
26
35
199
99
89
540
21
1,014
Induced
23
6
15
132
84
139
645
26
1,069
Total
31
107
50
855
183
227
1,184
47
2,685
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
California Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
72
0
506
0
0
0
0
578
Indirect
7
26
37
184
99
87
543
21
1,005
Induced
24
6
15
129
86
139
646
26
1,071
Total
31
104
52
819
186
226
1,189
47
2,655
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
71
0
526
0
0
0
0
598
Indirect
8
28
39
190
107
93
576
23
1,063
Induced
25
6
16
134
94
147
685
28
1,136
Total
33
105
56
850
201
239
1,261
51
2,797
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
79
0
614
0
0
0
0
693
Indirect
10
34
49
228
133
112
710
28
1,303
Induced
31
8
20
165
117
180
845
35
1,401
Total
41
121
69
1,007
250
291
1,555
63
3,397
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-205
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Colorado Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-206
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,588
218
618
92
0
46
0
2,561
Indirect
1
60
163
79
151
135
953
32
1,575
Induced
8
9
22
56
140
325
1,213
49
1,822
Total
9
1,657
402
753
382
461
2,213
81
5,958
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,989
441
1,193
221
0
99
0
3,943
Indirect
2
88
181
138
256
242
1,566
51
2,524
Induced
12
14
33
86
216
499
1,856
75
2,790
Total
14
2,091
656
1,417
693
741
3,521
126
9,258
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,017
442
1,354
233
0
94
0
4,140
Indirect
3
106
175
159
280
269
1,710
57
2,758
Induced
14
17
36
95
234
532
1,986
81
2,994
Total
17
2,140
653
1,609
746
801
3,791
137
9,893
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Colorado Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,738
342
1,275
171
0
69
0
3,597
Indirect
2
110
162
140
246
233
1,484
50
2,426
Induced
13
18
31
87
207
465
1,755
71
2,648
Total
16
1,866
535
1,502
625
698
3,308
121
8,671
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,557
282
1,294
142
0
58
0
3,333
Indirect
3
119
151
135
233
220
1,392
48
2,300
Induced
14
19
29
84
197
437
1,663
68
2,511
Total
16
1,695
462
1,513
573
656
3,112
116
8,143
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,727
292
1,514
147
0
60
0
3,739
Indirect
3
150
172
156
266
247
1,578
55
2,628
Induced
17
24
33
98
226
495
1,898
77
2,868
Total
20
1,901
497
1,768
639
742
3,536
132
9,236
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-207
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Connecticut Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-208
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
5
49
13
9
81
2
160
Induced
1
0
2
20
14
21
124
3
184
Total
1
1
7
68
28
29
205
6
344
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
8
64
18
13
114
4
222
Induced
1
0
2
28
19
29
173
5
257
Total
1
1
10
92
37
42
287
8
479
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
2
9
78
22
16
133
4
265
Induced
1
0
3
34
21
35
200
6
301
Total
2
2
12
113
43
50
334
10
566
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Connecticut Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
2
10
79
21
15
129
4
259
Induced
1
0
3
36
20
34
193
6
294
Total
2
2
12
114
41
50
322
10
554
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
10
87
22
17
131
5
273
Induced
1
0
3
39
21
36
197
6
304
Total
2
2
13
127
43
53
328
10
577
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
2
12
112
26
21
156
6
335
Induced
2
0
3
51
25
44
235
7
367
Total
2
2
16
163
52
64
391
13
702
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-209
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Delaware Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-210
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
16
Indirect
0
0
2
7
4
4
27
1
46
Induced
0
0
1
5
3
7
37
1
55
Total
0
0
3
29
7
11
64
2
116
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
21
Indirect
0
0
3
11
6
5
39
1
65
Induced
0
0
1
7
4
9
54
2
78
Total
1
0
4
39
10
15
93
3
164
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
36
0
0
0
0
36
Indirect
0
0
4
14
8
9
52
2
89
Induced
1
0
1
9
6
12
71
2
102
Total
1
0
5
58
14
21
123
4
226
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Delaware Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
32
0
0
0
0
32
Indirect
0
0
4
12
8
8
52
2
87
Induced
1
0
1
8
6
13
71
2
102
Total
1
0
5
53
14
21
123
4
221
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
39
0
0
0
0
39
Indirect
0
0
5
13
10
10
56
2
96
Induced
1
0
1
9
7
14
78
2
112
Total
1
0
6
61
17
24
134
4
247
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
60
0
0
0
0
60
Indirect
0
0
6
16
14
14
74
3
127
Induced
1
0
2
11
9
20
101
3
146
Total
1
0
8
87
23
34
174
6
334
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-211
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
District of Columbia Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-212
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
0
0
1
0
24
1
27
Induced
0
0
0
0
1
1
31
2
34
Total
0
0
0
0
1
1
55
2
61
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
0
0
1
1
37
2
40
Induced
0
0
0
0
1
1
46
2
51
Total
0
0
1
0
2
2
83
4
91
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
0
1
1
47
2
51
Induced
0
0
0
0
1
2
57
3
64
Total
0
0
1
0
3
2
104
5
115
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
District of Columbia Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
0
1
1
47
2
52
Induced
0
0
0
0
1
2
59
3
65
Total
0
0
1
0
3
2
106
5
117
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
0
2
1
50
2
55
Induced
0
0
0
0
2
2
63
3
70
Total
0
0
1
0
3
2
113
5
126
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
0
2
1
63
3
69
Induced
0
0
1
0
2
2
79
4
89
Total
0
0
1
0
4
3
142
7
158
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-213
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Florida Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-214
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
159
12
0
0
0
0
171
Indirect
2
3
17
38
31
27
193
6
318
Induced
6
0
6
26
34
62
280
9
424
Total
8
4
181
76
65
89
473
15
912
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
350
16
0
0
0
0
366
Indirect
3
5
25
62
51
45
318
10
519
Induced
9
1
9
40
55
101
451
14
679
Total
12
6
384
118
106
146
769
23
1,564
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
154
22
0
0
0
0
176
Indirect
4
5
31
67
57
46
349
12
570
Induced
10
1
10
45
61
108
498
15
748
Total
14
6
195
133
118
154
847
27
1,494
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Florida Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
39
22
0
0
0
0
62
Indirect
3
5
33
59
54
43
350
12
559
Induced
10
1
10
43
60
103
495
15
736
Total
13
5
82
124
114
146
845
27
1,357
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
237
25
0
0
0
0
262
Indirect
4
5
36
69
63
55
425
14
670
Induced
11
1
11
46
70
124
590
18
872
Total
15
6
285
140
133
179
1,015
31
1,804
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
28
31
0
0
0
0
58
Indirect
4
6
47
75
73
61
500
17
781
Induced
13
1
14
54
81
141
697
21
1,021
Total
18
6
88
159
153
202
1,196
38
1,860
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-215
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Georgia Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-216
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
5
57
0
0
0
0
63
Indirect
3
5
14
74
45
32
187
8
366
Induced
5
1
4
56
49
61
245
10
431
Total
8
5
23
187
95
93
432
18
860
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
76
0
0
0
0
76
Indirect
3
6
18
105
69
45
275
11
532
Induced
7
1
6
82
74
86
349
15
619
Total
10
6
24
263
143
131
624
26
1,226
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
8
38
0
0
0
0
46
Indirect
4
7
21
129
83
54
335
14
645
Induced
8
1
7
101
90
102
416
18
743
Total
12
8
37
268
172
156
750
31
1,434
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Georgia Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
3
11
0
0
0
0
14
Indirect
4
7
23
131
81
53
343
14
656
Induced
8
1
8
105
91
102
420
18
753
Total
12
8
33
248
172
155
763
32
1,422
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
4
51
0
0
0
0
55
Indirect
4
7
24
146
91
63
383
15
735
Induced
9
1
9
115
101
116
474
20
844
Total
13
8
37
312
192
179
857
35
1,633
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
8
Indirect
5
9
30
180
112
75
470
19
900
Induced
11
1
11
143
125
140
579
24
1,035
Total
16
10
41
331
238
216
1,049
43
1,943
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-217
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Idaho Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-218
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
3
3
13
6
4
22
1
52
Induced
3
0
1
9
6
9
32
2
61
Total
5
3
4
21
12
12
54
3
113
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
4
3
19
9
5
34
2
78
Induced
5
0
1
13
9
13
48
2
91
Total
7
5
4
32
17
18
82
4
169
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
7
3
23
10
7
42
3
97
Induced
6
1
1
15
11
16
60
3
112
Total
9
7
4
38
21
23
102
6
210
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Idaho Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
8
3
22
11
7
44
3
100
Induced
6
1
1
16
11
17
62
3
117
Total
9
8
4
38
22
23
106
6
216
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
9
3
23
12
7
48
3
108
Induced
6
1
1
17
12
18
69
4
127
Total
9
10
4
40
24
25
117
6
235
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
4
12
4
27
15
10
60
4
135
Induced
8
1
1
21
15
23
87
4
160
Total
12
13
5
48
30
33
147
8
295
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-219
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Illinois Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-220
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
244
0
47
0
0
0
0
291
Indirect
2
18
20
211
77
50
342
11
729
Induced
7
3
8
106
75
107
487
16
808
Total
9
264
28
364
152
156
829
26
1,828
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
339
0
48
0
0
0
0
387
Indirect
3
24
30
307
112
70
479
15
1,039
Induced
10
4
13
155
108
150
674
21
1,136
Total
13
366
42
510
220
220
1,154
36
2,562
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
479
0
60
0
0
0
0
539
Indirect
3
30
35
365
141
86
595
19
1,274
Induced
12
4
16
189
135
187
838
26
1,407
Total
15
513
51
614
276
272
1,433
45
3,220
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Illinois Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
443
0
59
0
0
0
0
502
Indirect
3
28
36
343
139
83
597
19
1,247
Induced
12
4
16
188
135
183
833
26
1,397
Total
15
475
52
590
274
265
1,430
45
3,146
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
510
0
63
0
0
0
0
573
Indirect
3
30
37
356
150
88
640
20
1,326
Induced
12
4
18
199
146
197
898
28
1,502
Total
15
544
55
618
296
285
1,538
48
3,400
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
727
0
80
0
0
0
0
807
Indirect
4
39
46
431
192
109
810
26
1,657
Induced
14
5
22
247
185
252
1,148
35
1,909
Total
18
772
68
758
377
362
1,958
61
4,374
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-221
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Indiana Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-222
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
34
0
0
0
0
34
Indirect
1
6
11
190
37
19
93
5
362
Induced
5
1
4
82
34
39
149
6
320
Total
6
7
14
306
72
58
242
11
716
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
39
0
0
0
0
39
Indirect
2
8
16
265
52
26
130
7
506
Induced
7
2
6
118
47
54
210
9
454
Total
9
10
22
422
99
81
341
16
999
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
60
0
0
0
0
60
Indirect
2
10
19
326
63
34
164
9
626
Induced
9
2
7
144
57
67
259
11
556
Total
11
12
26
530
120
101
423
20
1,243
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Indiana Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
55
0
0
0
0
55
Indirect
2
9
20
328
61
33
167
9
629
Induced
8
2
7
151
56
67
263
11
567
Total
11
11
27
534
117
100
431
20
1,250
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
66
0
0
0
0
66
Indirect
2
10
21
359
65
36
181
9
684
Induced
9
2
7
166
60
73
283
12
611
Total
11
12
28
591
124
109
465
21
1,361
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
100
Indirect
3
12
26
446
81
48
233
12
861
Induced
10
2
9
210
74
93
359
15
773
Total
13
15
35
756
156
141
592
26
1,734
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-223
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Iowa Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-224
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
25
0
2
0
0
0
0
27
Indirect
2
2
6
49
17
10
45
3
133
Induced
8
0
2
29
16
22
80
4
161
Total
10
27
8
80
32
32
125
7
321
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
49
0
7
0
0
0
0
56
Indirect
3
2
9
72
27
15
70
4
203
Induced
12
0
3
43
24
34
119
6
241
Total
16
51
12
121
50
49
189
10
499
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
57
0
9
0
0
0
0
66
Indirect
4
3
11
88
34
18
87
6
251
Induced
15
0
4
52
29
41
145
7
293
Total
19
60
15
149
63
59
232
13
610
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Iowa Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
57
0
11
0
0
0
0
67
Indirect
4
2
13
93
35
18
92
6
263
Induced
16
0
4
54
31
41
150
7
303
Total
20
59
17
157
66
59
242
13
633
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
62
0
12
0
0
0
0
75
Indirect
5
2
14
105
40
19
101
6
292
Induced
17
0
4
59
35
44
162
7
329
Total
22
64
18
176
75
63
263
14
696
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
82
0
15
0
0
0
0
97
Indirect
6
2
18
136
52
24
129
7
376
Induced
23
0
6
75
46
55
205
9
420
Total
29
84
24
227
98
80
335
17
892
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-225
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kansas Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-226
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
16
0
36
0
0
0
0
52
Indirect
1
12
7
31
20
10
56
5
142
Induced
4
2
2
21
15
22
83
4
153
Total
5
30
8
88
35
32
139
9
347
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2
0
63
0
0
0
0
64
Indirect
1
16
8
47
31
16
81
7
207
Induced
6
3
2
32
22
30
117
6
219
Total
8
21
10
142
53
46
197
14
491
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
67
0
0
0
0
67
Indirect
2
18
9
58
38
19
98
9
250
Induced
8
4
3
39
27
36
141
7
265
Total
10
22
11
165
64
55
239
16
582
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kansas Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
66
0
0
0
0
67
Indirect
2
18
9
63
38
19
100
8
257
Induced
8
4
3
42
27
37
144
8
273
Total
10
21
12
172
66
56
244
16
596
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
69
0
0
0
0
69
Indirect
2
18
9
75
41
20
110
9
283
Induced
9
4
3
47
30
39
157
8
297
Total
11
21
12
191
71
59
267
17
649
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
80
0
0
0
0
80
Indirect
3
22
11
99
52
24
140
11
362
Induced
12
4
4
62
38
48
200
10
377
Total
14
26
15
241
89
72
340
21
819
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-227
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kentucky Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-228
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
139
13
16
13
0
4
0
186
Indirect
1
30
15
73
27
17
89
5
257
Induced
6
6
3
42
26
39
136
7
265
Total
7
175
31
132
66
55
230
12
708
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
170
14
19
8
0
3
0
214
Indirect
2
42
20
108
37
22
118
7
355
Induced
8
8
4
63
36
51
183
10
361
Total
10
220
37
189
81
73
304
17
930
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
157
14
33
9
0
3
0
216
Indirect
3
46
20
138
47
28
139
9
430
Induced
10
8
4
77
45
58
213
11
427
Total
13
211
39
248
101
86
355
21
1,073
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Kentucky Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
142
15
29
9
0
3
0
199
Indirect
3
41
20
146
49
27
136
9
431
Induced
11
8
4
80
48
57
210
11
429
Total
14
191
39
255
106
83
349
21
1,059
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
133
15
35
9
0
3
0
196
Indirect
3
42
20
167
55
29
142
10
469
Induced
12
8
4
88
53
59
220
12
458
Total
15
183
40
291
117
88
366
22
1,122
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
153
17
53
10
0
4
0
237
Indirect
4
50
25
216
71
37
174
13
590
Induced
15
9
6
111
67
73
272
16
570
Total
19
212
48
381
148
110
450
28
1,396
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-229
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Louisiana Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-230
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,587
766
202
115
0
70
0
2,740
Indirect
4
81
137
147
145
123
720
14
1,371
Induced
7
12
17
55
126
278
856
30
1,381
Total
12
1,680
920
403
386
401
1,645
44
5,492
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,422
789
333
124
0
56
0
4,723
Indirect
5
136
309
220
228
188
1,102
23
2,210
Induced
12
18
28
89
210
467
1,432
48
2,304
Total
17
3,576
1,126
642
562
655
2,589
71
9,238
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,703
501
271
141
0
57
0
5,672
Indirect
5
171
417
238
264
203
1,269
27
2,594
Induced
14
22
33
107
250
559
1,706
58
2,749
Total
19
4,896
951
616
654
762
3,032
85
11,015
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Louisiana Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,641
491
247
144
0
58
0
6,581
Indirect
5
192
504
245
290
221
1,423
30
2,911
Induced
15
24
38
117
283
641
1,956
66
3,140
Total
21
5,857
1,033
609
717
862
3,438
96
12,632
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,932
414
267
147
0
60
0
6,820
Indirect
6
203
531
259
301
229
1,472
31
3,032
Induced
16
25
39
124
294
668
2,039
69
3,274
Total
21
6,160
984
651
742
897
3,571
100
13,126
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
7,562
422
267
191
0
78
0
8,519
Indirect
7
257
674
317
371
277
1,826
38
3,767
Induced
20
32
49
156
366
831
2,535
85
4,075
Total
26
7,850
1,145
740
929
1,109
4,439
124
16,361
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-231
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maine Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-232
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
0
2
11
4
3
19
1
42
Induced
2
0
1
9
4
8
33
1
58
Total
3
0
3
20
9
11
52
3
100
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
0
3
16
6
4
28
2
60
Induced
3
0
1
12
6
12
47
2
83
Total
4
0
4
28
12
16
75
4
143
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
0
4
19
7
5
33
2
73
Induced
3
0
1
15
7
14
56
2
99
Total
5
0
5
35
13
19
90
4
172
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maine Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
0
4
19
6
5
34
2
73
Induced
3
0
1
16
6
14
57
2
100
Total
5
0
5
35
13
19
90
4
173
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
1
5
21
7
5
36
2
78
Induced
3
0
1
17
6
15
61
3
106
Total
5
1
6
38
13
20
96
5
184
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
1
6
26
8
6
44
2
96
Induced
4
0
2
21
8
19
75
3
131
Total
6
1
7
47
16
25
119
6
227
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-233
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maryland Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-234
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
2
14
31
20
12
127
5
211
Induced
1
0
5
19
23
30
163
7
249
Total
2
2
19
50
43
42
290
12
460
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
2
21
45
30
17
189
8
313
Induced
2
0
7
27
32
43
237
11
360
Total
3
3
28
73
62
60
427
19
674
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
4
26
55
37
21
232
10
385
Induced
3
0
9
33
38
52
290
13
438
Total
4
4
35
88
75
72
522
23
823
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Maryland Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
4
28
51
37
20
223
10
374
Induced
3
0
9
32
38
53
288
14
437
Total
4
4
37
83
75
73
511
24
811
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
4
30
51
41
22
231
11
392
Induced
3
1
10
33
41
57
305
14
464
Total
4
5
40
84
82
79
536
25
855
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
6
39
60
53
28
283
14
484
Induced
4
1
12
41
53
72
379
18
580
Total
6
7
52
101
105
99
662
32
1,064
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-235
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Massachusetts Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-236
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
12
Indirect
0
0
5
33
10
9
93
2
153
Induced
1
0
2
21
11
20
120
3
178
Total
1
0
7
67
21
29
212
6
343
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
17
Indirect
0
1
8
48
15
13
137
4
225
Induced
1
0
3
31
15
29
171
5
255
Total
2
1
10
97
29
42
308
8
498
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
31
0
0
0
0
31
Indirect
0
1
9
60
18
17
167
5
276
Induced
2
0
3
38
18
35
205
6
307
Total
2
1
12
129
35
51
372
10
614
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Massachusetts Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
28
0
0
0
0
28
Indirect
0
1
9
55
17
16
166
4
269
Induced
2
0
3
37
17
34
203
6
302
Total
2
1
13
121
34
50
369
10
599
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
35
0
0
0
0
35
Indirect
0
1
10
56
17
17
176
5
282
Induced
2
0
4
39
18
36
214
6
318
Total
2
1
13
130
35
53
390
11
634
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
54
0
0
0
0
54
Indirect
1
1
12
68
21
21
217
6
347
Induced
2
0
5
48
21
44
264
8
391
Total
3
1
17
169
42
65
481
13
791
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-237
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Michigan Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-238
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
135
0
406
0
0
0
0
541
Indirect
2
15
26
174
71
38
276
9
612
Induced
6
1
7
85
59
106
419
14
698
Total
8
152
33
665
130
144
695
23
1,851
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
99
0
585
0
0
0
0
684
Indirect
3
22
30
275
99
52
370
13
864
Induced
9
2
10
126
81
139
550
19
935
Total
12
122
40
986
180
191
920
32
2,483
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
63
0
776
0
0
0
0
839
Indirect
4
28
31
350
126
65
446
16
1,066
Induced
11
2
12
151
99
167
658
23
1,123
Total
14
93
43
1,276
225
232
1,104
39
3,028
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Michigan Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
40
0
727
0
0
0
0
767
Indirect
4
28
30
363
123
63
439
15
1,064
Induced
10
2
12
153
97
161
634
22
1,093
Total
14
70
42
1,243
220
224
1,073
38
2,924
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
28
0
820
0
0
0
0
849
Indirect
4
30
31
404
136
69
476
17
1,166
Induced
11
3
13
165
106
175
680
24
1,176
Total
15
61
43
1,388
242
244
1,156
41
3,190
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
33
0
1,104
0
0
0
0
1,136
Indirect
5
37
39
507
180
89
618
21
1,495
Induced
13
3
16
206
137
227
871
31
1,504
Total
18
73
55
1,817
317
315
1,489
52
4,135
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-239
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Minnesota Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-240
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
34
Indirect
2
12
8
80
25
17
129
5
277
Induced
7
1
3
48
24
38
179
6
305
Total
8
46
11
128
49
55
307
11
616
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
83
0
0
0
0
0
0
83
Indirect
3
17
11
119
39
26
193
7
415
Induced
10
1
4
74
36
59
271
10
465
Total
12
101
15
193
75
85
464
17
963
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
88
0
0
0
0
0
0
88
Indirect
3
20
13
146
48
32
232
9
504
Induced
11
1
5
91
43
70
324
12
557
Total
15
109
18
238
91
101
556
21
1,149
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Minnesota Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
75
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
Indirect
3
19
14
141
50
32
233
9
500
Induced
12
1
5
92
44
69
325
12
560
Total
15
95
19
233
93
101
558
21
1,136
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
70
0
0
0
0
0
0
70
Indirect
4
19
15
151
55
35
248
10
535
Induced
13
1
6
98
47
74
347
13
599
Total
17
91
20
249
102
108
595
22
1,204
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
80
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
Indirect
5
23
19
188
70
44
308
12
669
Induced
16
1
7
124
60
93
434
15
751
Total
21
105
26
313
130
137
742
28
1,500
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-241
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Mississippi Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-242
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
Indirect
2
6
4
31
16
5
30
3
95
Induced
4
1
1
21
17
14
46
4
107
Total
5
7
9
52
32
19
76
6
206
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
113
0
0
0
0
0
113
Indirect
3
9
6
48
29
14
70
5
184
Induced
6
2
2
32
29
29
94
6
201
Total
9
11
121
80
58
43
165
11
497
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
53
0
0
0
0
0
53
Indirect
3
10
7
57
33
12
66
5
192
Induced
7
2
2
39
34
28
96
7
215
Total
10
12
62
96
66
40
161
12
460
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Mississippi Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
31
0
0
0
0
0
31
Indirect
3
10
7
54
32
10
62
5
184
Induced
7
2
2
40
34
27
93
7
211
Total
10
12
41
94
66
37
155
12
426
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
28
0
0
0
0
0
28
Indirect
3
10
7
56
35
11
66
5
194
Induced
8
2
2
41
36
28
100
7
225
Total
11
12
38
97
71
39
166
13
446
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
25
Indirect
4
12
9
65
43
12
81
7
233
Induced
10
2
3
49
45
34
125
9
276
Total
14
14
37
114
88
46
206
15
534
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-243
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Missouri Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-244
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
31
0
226
0
0
0
0
258
Indirect
1
2
6
38
29
16
111
5
209
Induced
3
0
3
23
21
40
159
7
257
Total
4
34
9
288
50
57
269
13
724
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
50
0
329
0
0
0
0
379
Indirect
1
3
9
57
43
24
158
8
304
Induced
5
0
4
35
30
58
224
10
367
Total
6
54
13
421
73
82
383
18
1,049
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
64
0
418
0
0
0
0
482
Indirect
1
4
12
70
53
30
197
10
377
Induced
6
1
5
42
37
72
275
13
451
Total
8
68
17
530
90
102
472
23
1,310
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Missouri Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
60
0
428
0
0
0
0
488
Indirect
1
4
12
72
53
30
199
10
381
Induced
6
0
5
43
37
73
277
13
455
Total
8
64
17
543
90
102
476
23
1,323
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
64
0
476
0
0
0
0
540
Indirect
2
4
13
81
58
32
216
11
416
Induced
7
1
5
47
40
79
299
14
492
Total
8
69
18
603
98
111
515
25
1,448
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
82
0
586
0
0
0
0
668
Indirect
2
5
16
103
71
40
267
14
518
Induced
9
1
7
58
50
98
369
17
609
Total
11
87
23
746
121
138
636
31
1,794
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-245
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Montana Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-246
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
Indirect
1
9
3
5
7
2
15
1
43
Induced
2
1
1
3
7
7
26
1
49
Total
3
23
3
8
14
9
42
2
104
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
Indirect
1
16
3
7
11
3
21
2
64
Induced
3
2
1
5
10
9
37
2
70
Total
4
30
4
12
21
13
59
4
146
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
Indirect
1
19
3
8
13
4
26
2
77
Induced
4
3
1
6
12
11
45
2
85
Total
6
32
4
14
25
15
72
4
173
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Montana Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
Indirect
1
19
3
8
12
4
27
2
78
Induced
5
3
1
6
12
11
46
3
87
Total
6
32
4
15
24
15
74
4
174
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
Indirect
1
21
3
9
13
4
29
2
83
Induced
5
3
1
7
12
12
50
3
93
Total
7
32
4
16
25
17
79
5
184
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
Indirect
2
28
4
11
16
5
36
3
105
Induced
7
4
1
8
15
15
62
3
117
Total
9
40
5
20
31
21
99
6
230
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-247
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nebraska Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-248
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
Indirect
1
1
4
17
25
7
39
2
95
Induced
4
0
1
14
16
13
56
3
107
Total
5
1
5
35
40
20
96
5
207
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
13
Indirect
2
1
6
26
40
11
63
3
152
Induced
6
0
2
21
25
20
87
4
164
Total
8
1
8
60
64
31
150
7
329
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
16
Indirect
2
2
7
33
50
14
84
4
195
Induced
8
0
2
26
30
24
108
5
203
Total
10
2
9
75
80
38
192
9
415
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nebraska Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
18
0
0
0
0
18
Indirect
2
2
8
36
49
14
90
4
205
Induced
8
0
2
27
31
25
112
5
210
Total
11
2
10
81
80
39
203
9
433
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
20
Indirect
2
2
8
42
52
15
102
5
229
Induced
9
0
2
29
32
26
122
5
227
Total
12
2
11
91
85
42
224
10
476
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
25
Indirect
3
2
11
56
65
19
133
6
295
Induced
11
0
3
37
40
33
154
6
286
Total
14
2
14
119
106
52
287
12
606
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-249
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nevada Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-250
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
38
1
0
0
0
0
38
Indirect
0
6
2
5
4
3
26
1
47
Induced
0
0
1
2
5
7
31
1
49
Total
0
7
41
7
10
11
57
2
133
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Indirect
0
8
2
5
5
2
27
1
50
Induced
0
1
1
3
5
6
33
1
50
Total
0
9
2
9
11
8
59
2
101
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
6
1
0
0
0
0
7
Indirect
0
11
2
6
7
3
35
1
65
Induced
0
1
1
4
7
8
43
1
66
Total
0
12
9
11
14
11
79
2
138
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Nevada Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Indirect
0
11
2
5
8
3
35
1
65
Induced
0
1
1
4
8
8
44
1
66
Total
0
12
3
10
15
11
79
2
132
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Indirect
0
12
2
6
9
3
39
1
71
Induced
0
1
1
4
9
9
49
2
74
Total
0
13
3
11
17
12
88
3
146
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Indirect
0
14
2
7
11
4
50
2
91
Induced
0
1
1
5
11
12
63
2
96
Total
1
16
3
13
23
16
113
4
189
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-251
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Hampshire Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-252
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
8
1
1
8
0
20
Induced
0
0
0
3
1
3
13
0
21
Total
0
0
1
11
3
5
21
1
41
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
10
2
2
12
1
28
Induced
0
0
0
4
2
5
19
1
31
Total
0
0
1
14
4
7
31
1
59
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
12
2
3
16
1
35
Induced
0
0
0
5
2
6
23
1
38
Total
1
0
2
17
4
9
39
2
73
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Hampshire Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
12
2
3
16
1
35
Induced
0
0
0
5
2
6
23
1
38
Total
1
0
2
17
4
9
39
2
73
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
12
2
3
17
1
37
Induced
0
0
0
5
2
7
25
1
41
Total
1
0
2
17
5
10
42
2
78
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
15
3
4
21
1
47
Induced
0
0
1
6
3
9
32
1
52
Total
1
0
2
21
6
13
53
2
99
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-253
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Jersey Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-254
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
10
52
0
0
0
0
62
Indirect
0
1
6
35
19
17
116
4
198
Induced
1
0
2
31
19
31
147
5
237
Total
1
1
18
118
38
49
263
9
497
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
54
0
0
0
0
54
Indirect
0
1
9
45
27
24
167
5
278
Induced
1
0
3
42
28
44
206
7
330
Total
2
1
12
141
55
67
373
12
662
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
78
0
0
0
0
78
Indirect
0
1
11
52
33
29
205
7
339
Induced
2
0
4
51
34
54
247
8
400
Total
2
1
15
181
67
83
452
15
817
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Jersey Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
69
0
0
0
0
69
Indirect
0
1
12
46
34
28
208
6
335
Induced
2
0
4
50
35
54
247
8
400
Total
2
1
15
166
69
81
454
15
804
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
82
0
0
0
0
82
Indirect
1
1
11
46
37
30
222
7
355
Induced
2
0
4
53
38
58
261
9
425
Total
2
1
15
181
75
87
483
16
861
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
123
0
0
0
0
123
Indirect
1
1
13
55
47
38
279
9
443
Induced
2
0
4
66
48
74
325
11
531
Total
3
1
17
243
95
112
605
20
1,097
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-255
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Mexico Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-256
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
710
24
45
3
0
3
0
785
Indirect
0
26
60
11
32
24
154
8
314
Induced
2
5
5
8
30
72
228
13
362
Total
3
740
89
64
64
95
385
20
1,461
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
633
5
67
3
0
1
0
709
Indirect
0
38
55
15
35
26
157
9
335
Induced
3
7
5
10
30
70
226
13
363
Total
3
678
65
92
69
95
384
21
1,407
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
472
5
75
3
0
1
0
556
Indirect
1
45
43
18
35
25
151
9
324
Induced
3
9
4
11
28
61
206
12
334
Total
4
526
53
103
65
86
357
21
1,215
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New Mexico Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
394
20
82
3
0
1
0
500
Indirect
1
46
37
16
34
25
147
9
315
Induced
3
9
4
11
26
58
196
12
318
Total
4
449
62
109
63
83
344
20
1,134
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
356
6
85
3
0
1
0
451
Indirect
1
50
35
16
34
25
145
9
315
Induced
3
10
4
12
25
55
192
11
313
Total
4
416
45
113
62
80
338
20
1,079
Induced
4
13
5
15
30
66
229
14
376
Total
5
489
53
134
74
95
404
24
1,277
2035
Direct
Indirect
Agriculture
0
1
Mining
410
65
Construction
6
41
Manufacturing
100
19
Transportation and Utilities
4
40
Retail And WholesaleTrade
0
29
Services
1
173
Government
0
11
Total
522
379
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-257
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New York Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-258
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10
3
26
0
0
0
0
39
Indirect
1
6
30
121
61
47
522
17
806
Induced
4
1
11
80
66
105
737
22
1,026
Total
6
17
43
227
127
152
1,259
39
1,871
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
6
0
28
0
0
0
0
35
Indirect
2
8
35
173
88
69
787
25
1,186
Induced
7
1
14
114
94
151
1,078
32
1,490
Total
9
16
49
316
181
220
1,864
56
2,710
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4
1
42
0
0
0
0
47
Indirect
3
11
37
209
100
84
948
31
1,423
Induced
8
1
16
136
106
184
1,283
38
1,772
Total
10
16
55
386
206
269
2,231
69
3,242
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
New York Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2
0
38
0
0
0
0
40
Indirect
3
11
36
194
92
83
944
30
1,393
Induced
8
2
16
133
99
184
1,275
38
1,754
Total
11
15
52
365
191
267
2,219
68
3,187
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2
0
45
0
0
0
0
47
Indirect
3
11
34
200
94
89
988
32
1,453
Induced
9
2
16
139
100
196
1,327
41
1,829
Total
12
15
50
385
194
285
2,315
73
3,328
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2
0
69
0
0
0
0
71
Indirect
4
14
40
242
111
113
1,208
40
1,772
Induced
11
2
19
171
118
245
1,616
50
2,233
Total
15
18
59
482
229
358
2,825
90
4,075
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-259
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Carolina Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-260
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
Indirect
2
3
16
101
27
22
156
8
335
Induced
5
0
5
82
29
51
209
10
391
Total
7
3
26
182
55
74
365
18
731
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
4
23
144
38
33
233
11
490
Induced
7
1
7
119
39
75
308
15
571
Total
10
5
31
263
77
108
541
26
1,061
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
8
Indirect
3
5
29
179
46
41
292
15
610
Induced
9
1
9
143
47
93
388
18
708
Total
12
6
47
322
93
134
680
33
1,326
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Carolina Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
5
32
168
43
41
298
15
605
Induced
9
1
10
141
46
93
400
19
717
Total
12
5
42
309
89
134
698
34
1,323
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
5
35
173
45
44
325
16
647
Induced
9
1
11
146
48
100
440
21
776
Total
13
6
46
319
94
145
765
37
1,424
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
4
7
46
204
55
54
409
21
800
Induced
13
1
15
177
59
125
560
26
975
Total
17
8
60
380
115
179
969
47
1,775
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-261
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Dakota Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-262
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
13
2
5
6
3
11
1
41
Induced
3
3
1
3
5
6
18
1
39
Total
3
16
2
8
10
8
30
2
79
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
33
3
8
9
4
18
1
77
Induced
4
7
1
5
8
9
27
2
62
Total
5
40
4
12
17
13
45
3
138
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
45
3
10
11
5
23
2
101
Induced
5
10
1
6
9
11
35
2
78
Total
6
54
4
17
20
16
58
4
179
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
North Dakota Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
50
3
11
11
5
25
2
109
Induced
5
11
1
7
9
11
37
2
83
Total
6
61
5
18
21
16
62
4
192
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
56
4
12
12
5
29
2
122
Induced
5
12
1
8
10
12
42
2
93
Total
7
69
5
21
22
17
71
4
215
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
76
5
16
15
7
38
2
160
Induced
7
16
2
11
12
15
56
3
122
Total
8
92
6
27
28
22
94
5
282
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-263
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Ohio Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-264
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
51
0
322
0
0
0
0
372
Indirect
2
17
21
307
92
81
342
11
873
Induced
6
3
7
115
75
113
451
16
786
Total
8
70
28
744
167
194
792
27
2,031
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
55
0
378
0
0
0
0
434
Indirect
2
24
28
431
129
103
456
16
1,189
Induced
9
4
10
164
106
148
599
21
1,061
Total
11
83
38
973
235
251
1,055
37
2,684
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
78
0
582
0
0
0
0
660
Indirect
3
30
34
552
177
146
599
21
1,563
Induced
11
6
13
205
138
194
773
27
1,367
Total
14
114
47
1,340
315
340
1,372
48
3,590
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Ohio Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
69
0
527
0
0
0
0
596
Indirect
3
31
35
556
170
136
575
21
1,526
Induced
11
6
12
213
137
186
747
27
1,338
Total
14
105
47
1,296
306
322
1,322
47
3,460
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
81
0
626
0
0
0
0
708
Indirect
3
33
38
623
190
155
630
23
1,694
Induced
11
6
14
235
151
205
814
29
1,466
Total
15
120
51
1,484
342
360
1,443
52
3,867
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
125
0
934
0
0
0
0
1,059
Indirect
4
42
49
814
255
214
831
30
2,240
Induced
14
8
18
305
198
275
1,070
38
1,927
Total
18
175
67
2,054
453
489
1,901
68
5,225
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-265
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oklahoma Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-266
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
515
126
221
23
0
19
0
903
Indirect
1
81
28
78
74
49
240
11
563
Induced
5
17
5
26
50
95
313
15
527
Total
6
613
159
326
147
144
572
26
1,993
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
766
115
357
70
0
29
0
1,338
Indirect
2
115
42
118
115
76
365
17
850
Induced
7
24
7
39
73
140
460
22
774
Total
9
906
164
515
258
216
854
39
2,961
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
895
128
450
82
0
30
0
1,585
Indirect
2
133
46
142
140
93
438
21
1,015
Induced
9
28
8
47
88
167
548
26
922
Total
11
1,056
183
639
309
260
1,016
47
3,522
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oklahoma Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
955
143
444
85
0
32
0
1,659
Indirect
2
136
49
141
142
93
452
21
1,037
Induced
9
28
9
48
90
173
569
27
954
Total
11
1,119
201
633
317
266
1,053
49
3,649
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,019
159
482
96
0
36
0
1,791
Indirect
2
146
52
153
152
100
490
23
1,118
Induced
10
30
9
52
97
186
614
29
1,028
Total
12
1,195
220
688
345
286
1,139
52
3,937
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,275
198
582
120
0
45
0
2,219
Indirect
3
185
64
191
187
123
607
29
1,389
Induced
13
39
11
65
120
231
762
36
1,276
Total
15
1,499
273
838
427
353
1,414
65
4,885
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-267
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oregon Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-268
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
24
15
0
0
0
0
39
Indirect
3
2
7
56
16
14
77
4
179
Induced
6
0
2
26
15
26
106
5
188
Total
10
2
33
97
31
41
183
10
406
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
16
Indirect
4
3
10
82
22
19
104
6
251
Induced
9
0
3
39
21
34
143
7
257
Total
14
3
14
138
43
53
248
13
524
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
20
Indirect
5
4
13
104
28
23
132
7
317
Induced
11
0
4
48
25
42
178
8
318
Total
17
5
17
172
53
65
310
16
654
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Oregon Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
15
Indirect
5
5
13
101
27
22
134
7
314
Induced
11
1
4
49
25
42
181
8
322
Total
16
6
18
164
52
64
315
15
651
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
12
Indirect
5
6
14
105
28
23
143
7
331
Induced
12
1
5
51
27
45
195
9
344
Total
17
7
19
169
55
68
338
16
688
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
13
Indirect
6
8
18
127
35
28
179
9
410
Induced
15
1
6
64
34
57
246
11
433
Total
21
9
24
203
69
85
424
20
856
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-269
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Pennsylvania Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-270
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
601
292
156
115
0
46
0
1,210
Indirect
3
45
70
286
135
103
668
16
1,326
Induced
8
8
16
126
117
217
920
28
1,439
Total
11
654
378
567
367
320
1,634
45
3,975
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,293
303
169
149
0
67
0
2,981
Indirect
4
106
218
433
243
175
1,317
30
2,526
Induced
14
17
30
209
229
450
1,838
57
2,844
Total
18
2,416
552
811
621
626
3,222
87
8,351
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,521
453
289
233
0
93
0
4,590
Indirect
6
137
316
572
356
267
1,956
44
3,654
Induced
20
21
43
273
329
663
2,660
83
4,093
Total
25
3,680
813
1,134
918
930
4,709
127
12,336
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Pennsylvania Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,822
413
265
207
0
83
0
4,791
Indirect
5
141
349
546
357
262
1,975
44
3,679
Induced
20
21
44
276
339
683
2,734
86
4,204
Total
26
3,984
807
1,087
903
945
4,792
130
12,674
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
4,283
501
315
253
0
102
0
5,453
Indirect
6
152
384
596
403
302
2,238
50
4,130
Induced
22
23
49
301
380
771
3,062
97
4,706
Total
29
4,458
935
1,211
1,036
1,072
5,401
147
14,289
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
6,174
779
462
393
0
158
0
7,966
Indirect
8
203
539
776
569
433
3,178
70
5,777
Induced
30
30
69
402
536
1,097
4,304
137
6,606
Total
39
6,408
1,388
1,640
1,498
1,531
7,640
207
20,349
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-271
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Rhode Island Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-272
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
1
13
3
2
20
1
40
Induced
0
0
1
6
2
5
32
1
47
Total
1
0
2
18
5
7
52
2
87
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
19
4
3
29
1
58
Induced
1
0
1
8
3
8
45
1
67
Total
1
0
3
27
7
11
74
2
125
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
23
4
4
35
1
69
Induced
1
0
1
10
4
9
53
2
79
Total
1
0
3
32
8
13
88
3
148
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Rhode Island Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
21
4
4
35
1
67
Induced
1
0
1
9
4
9
53
2
79
Total
1
0
3
31
8
13
88
3
146
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
21
4
4
36
1
69
Induced
1
0
1
10
4
9
56
2
83
Total
1
0
3
31
8
14
93
3
152
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
0
2
25
5
5
44
1
83
Induced
1
0
1
12
5
11
69
2
101
Total
1
1
3
37
9
16
113
3
184
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-273
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Carolina Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-274
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
Indirect
2
1
7
73
16
9
61
4
172
Induced
3
0
2
37
16
24
91
5
178
Total
4
1
12
111
32
33
152
9
353
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
2
11
110
24
14
90
5
257
Induced
4
0
3
56
23
35
134
7
263
Total
6
2
13
166
47
49
224
12
521
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
4
Indirect
3
3
13
136
29
18
114
7
323
Induced
5
0
4
69
28
43
169
9
327
Total
7
3
21
206
58
61
283
16
654
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Carolina Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
Indirect
2
3
14
139
29
17
117
7
329
Induced
5
0
4
73
28
43
173
9
335
Total
7
3
18
212
57
60
291
16
665
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
Indirect
2
3
15
155
31
19
130
8
362
Induced
5
0
4
81
30
46
190
10
367
Total
7
4
20
236
61
65
320
17
731
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Indirect
3
4
19
195
38
23
165
9
457
Induced
6
1
5
104
38
57
241
12
463
Total
9
5
24
300
76
81
405
21
921
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-275
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Dakota Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-276
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
8
4
3
12
1
30
Induced
2
0
1
5
4
6
22
1
40
Total
3
1
2
13
7
8
33
2
70
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
12
6
4
17
1
44
Induced
4
0
1
7
5
9
32
2
60
Total
5
1
3
19
11
13
50
3
104
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
14
7
5
21
2
54
Induced
5
0
1
9
6
11
39
2
73
Total
6
2
3
23
14
15
60
4
127
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
South Dakota Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
13
8
5
22
2
54
Induced
5
0
1
9
7
11
40
2
75
Total
6
2
3
23
14
15
62
4
129
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
14
8
5
24
2
58
Induced
5
0
1
10
8
11
43
2
80
Total
7
2
3
24
16
16
67
4
139
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
2
3
17
11
6
30
2
72
Induced
7
0
1
12
10
14
53
3
100
Total
9
2
4
29
20
20
83
5
173
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-277
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Tennessee Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-278
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
7
Indirect
1
4
10
83
33
17
94
5
246
Induced
4
1
3
53
37
37
143
6
284
Total
5
4
12
143
70
54
237
11
537
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
Indirect
1
5
14
125
48
24
139
7
364
Induced
6
1
4
81
54
52
207
9
414
Total
8
6
19
209
102
76
346
16
782
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
8
Indirect
2
7
18
157
58
30
175
9
456
Induced
8
1
5
102
64
64
257
11
513
Total
10
8
23
267
122
95
432
20
977
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Tennessee Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
Indirect
2
7
19
161
57
30
181
9
467
Induced
8
1
6
108
63
65
264
11
526
Total
10
8
24
275
121
95
445
21
998
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
Indirect
2
7
20
181
61
32
197
10
512
Induced
9
1
6
120
67
70
286
12
571
Total
11
9
26
307
128
102
483
22
1,089
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
Indirect
3
9
26
231
76
40
249
12
646
Induced
11
1
8
154
83
87
359
15
720
Total
14
11
34
390
160
127
608
28
1,371
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-279
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Texas Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-280
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
5,749
1,294
1,860
306
0
168
0
9,377
Indirect
9
578
358
910
873
648
3,097
64
6,538
Induced
41
135
71
406
687
1,283
4,194
108
6,925
Total
50
6,463
1,723
3,176
1,866
1,931
7,459
172
22,840
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
8,049
1,020
2,677
505
0
235
0
12,486
Indirect
12
809
470
1,257
1,242
894
4,218
91
8,993
Induced
56
189
95
554
928
1,713
5,611
145
9,291
Total
67
9,046
1,584
4,488
2,676
2,607
10,065
237
30,769
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,962
1,335
3,543
705
0
295
0
15,840
Indirect
15
965
549
1,626
1,608
1,186
5,494
120
11,562
Induced
69
232
120
695
1,179
2,181
7,127
187
11,790
Total
84
11,159
2,004
5,864
3,492
3,367
12,915
307
39,192
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Texas Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
10,427
1,405
3,500
704
0
295
0
16,331
Indirect
15
1,004
584
1,618
1,638
1,195
5,643
124
11,822
Induced
71
235
124
709
1,211
2,243
7,345
194
12,132
Total
86
11,666
2,114
5,827
3,553
3,439
13,283
318
40,285
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
11,060
1,599
3,825
794
0
333
0
17,610
Indirect
16
1,062
615
1,765
1,781
1,308
6,156
137
12,840
Induced
76
252
135
762
1,311
2,431
7,964
212
13,144
Total
92
12,374
2,348
6,352
3,886
3,740
14,454
348
43,594
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
13,545
1,900
4,695
962
0
404
0
21,507
Indirect
20
1,319
759
2,177
2,187
1,602
7,555
170
15,788
Induced
94
312
167
938
1,610
2,981
9,769
262
16,133
Total
114
15,176
2,826
7,810
4,759
4,583
17,727
432
53,427
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-281
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Utah Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-282
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
259
233
97
72
0
28
0
689
Indirect
0
16
25
55
60
45
294
5
501
Induced
2
2
6
33
48
94
326
8
520
Total
2
278
264
185
180
139
648
14
1,710
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
379
164
127
91
0
37
0
799
Indirect
1
23
32
73
78
54
380
7
648
Induced
3
3
8
46
61
115
405
11
651
Total
3
406
204
246
230
169
823
18
2,098
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
454
166
138
97
0
36
0
889
Indirect
1
28
36
88
89
61
440
9
752
Induced
4
4
9
55
70
130
465
13
750
Total
4
486
210
281
255
192
941
22
2,391
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Utah Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
486
180
137
100
0
37
0
939
Indirect
1
29
39
87
93
64
461
9
782
Induced
4
4
9
57
72
137
492
13
788
Total
4
518
228
281
265
200
990
23
2,509
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
504
183
141
102
0
38
0
968
Indirect
1
31
40
92
97
67
484
10
822
Induced
4
4
10
60
76
143
521
14
832
Total
5
540
233
293
275
210
1,042
25
2,623
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
540
197
162
110
0
41
0
1,050
Indirect
1
38
45
109
112
76
551
12
944
Induced
5
5
11
73
87
162
598
17
958
Total
6
583
253
344
309
238
1,190
29
2,952
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-283
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Vermont Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-284
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
1
8
3
1
9
1
23
Induced
1
0
0
5
3
4
17
1
31
Total
1
1
2
13
5
5
26
1
54
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
0
1
2
11
4
2
14
1
35
Induced
1
0
1
8
4
6
25
1
46
Total
2
1
2
19
8
8
40
2
81
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
13
5
2
18
1
42
Induced
2
0
1
10
5
7
31
1
56
Total
2
1
3
23
10
10
49
2
99
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Vermont Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
11
5
2
18
1
41
Induced
2
0
1
10
5
7
31
1
56
Total
2
1
3
21
10
9
49
2
97
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
2
11
5
3
19
1
42
Induced
2
0
1
10
5
7
32
1
59
Total
2
1
3
21
10
10
51
3
101
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
1
1
3
13
6
3
23
1
51
Induced
2
0
1
12
6
9
40
2
72
Total
3
1
4
25
12
12
63
3
122
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-285
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Virginia Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-286
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
45
9
23
3
0
1
0
81
Indirect
1
12
22
59
39
20
243
9
405
Induced
4
2
6
39
35
51
256
11
403
Total
5
58
37
121
77
71
500
20
889
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
41
4
25
2
0
1
0
73
Indirect
2
15
28
83
52
27
341
12
560
Induced
5
2
8
56
46
69
355
16
558
Total
7
59
40
164
100
96
697
28
1,191
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
36
4
37
2
0
1
0
80
Indirect
2
19
31
104
65
32
430
15
699
Induced
7
3
10
70
55
84
437
19
686
Total
9
57
45
211
123
117
868
35
1,465
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Virginia Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
31
4
34
2
0
1
0
73
Indirect
2
19
32
102
63
31
443
15
707
Induced
7
3
10
71
55
85
447
19
698
Total
9
53
45
207
120
117
892
35
1,478
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
29
4
41
2
0
1
0
78
Indirect
3
19
33
107
69
35
493
17
776
Induced
8
3
10
75
59
94
493
21
762
Total
10
52
48
223
129
128
988
38
1,616
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
34
5
63
2
0
1
0
105
Indirect
3
24
42
128
91
45
650
22
1,004
Induced
9
4
13
90
76
120
639
26
977
Total
12
61
59
281
169
165
1,291
48
2,086
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-287
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Washington Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-288
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
1
6
22
10
8
57
3
110
Induced
4
0
2
15
12
18
77
4
133
Total
6
1
9
37
22
26
134
7
243
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
2
1
9
28
16
12
89
4
163
Induced
7
0
3
20
18
27
115
6
197
Total
9
1
13
49
34
40
204
10
360
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
2
11
35
20
15
111
6
202
Induced
9
0
4
25
22
33
142
7
242
Total
12
2
15
60
42
48
252
13
444
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Washington Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
2
11
38
20
15
112
6
207
Induced
9
0
4
27
23
33
143
7
246
Total
12
2
15
65
43
48
255
13
454
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
3
3
12
44
22
16
120
6
225
Induced
9
0
4
31
25
35
152
8
264
Total
13
3
16
75
47
51
272
14
490
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect
4
4
14
59
27
20
150
7
286
Induced
12
0
5
41
31
43
190
10
332
Total
16
4
20
100
59
63
339
17
617
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-289
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
West Virginia Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-290
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
362
91
30
54
0
20
0
556
Indirect
1
46
31
26
37
19
118
4
281
Induced
1
9
3
11
24
48
152
7
254
Total
2
416
124
67
114
67
290
11
1,091
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
899
110
34
59
0
24
0
1,126
Indirect
1
73
76
39
61
34
209
6
497
Induced
2
12
5
17
42
91
284
12
466
Total
3
984
191
89
161
125
517
19
2,088
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,260
156
50
87
0
32
0
1,585
Indirect
1
95
102
49
84
48
296
9
684
Induced
2
16
7
21
56
125
390
17
635
Total
3
1,371
265
120
227
173
719
26
2,904
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
West Virginia Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,332
149
45
79
0
29
0
1,634
Indirect
1
97
111
50
83
48
298
9
698
Induced
2
16
8
22
56
129
403
18
655
Total
3
1,445
267
118
219
177
730
26
2,986
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,463
176
55
94
0
35
0
1,823
Indirect
1
106
120
58
93
54
336
10
777
Induced
3
18
8
25
61
144
448
20
726
Total
4
1,587
304
137
248
198
819
29
3,326
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,065
265
85
142
0
52
0
2,609
Indirect
1
137
167
76
130
78
477
14
1,080
Induced
3
23
12
32
84
202
625
27
1,008
Total
5
2,224
443
193
356
279
1,155
41
4,697
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-291
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wisconsin Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-292
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
8
0
4
0
0
0
0
12
Indirect
2
2
9
144
26
16
99
5
303
Induced
7
0
3
68
26
36
150
6
296
Total
8
10
11
216
53
52
249
11
611
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
20
0
5
0
0
0
0
25
Indirect
3
2
12
213
39
24
148
7
447
Induced
10
0
4
100
37
54
219
9
434
Total
12
23
16
318
76
78
367
16
906
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
22
0
7
0
0
0
0
29
Indirect
3
3
14
263
48
30
188
9
559
Induced
12
0
5
124
46
66
270
11
534
Total
16
25
19
393
95
96
458
20
1,122
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wisconsin Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
25
0
6
0
0
0
0
31
Indirect
3
3
15
261
50
30
201
9
572
Induced
13
0
5
125
49
68
280
11
551
Total
16
28
19
392
100
98
481
20
1,154
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
28
0
8
0
0
0
0
35
Indirect
4
3
15
283
55
33
222
9
625
Induced
14
0
5
134
54
73
303
12
596
Total
18
31
20
424
109
107
525
21
1,256
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
35
0
12
0
0
0
0
47
Indirect
5
4
19
354
70
42
286
12
792
Induced
18
0
6
167
68
92
384
15
751
Total
23
39
25
533
138
135
670
27
1,590
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-293
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wyoming Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas*
($M)
B-294
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,650
155
61
47
0
17
0
1,931
Indirect
0
35
128
6
55
34
163
6
428
Induced
1
5
6
4
40
96
228
14
394
Total
1
1,691
289
71
142
130
408
20
2,753
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
1,965
193
55
100
0
39
0
2,351
Indirect
0
45
152
8
78
48
240
9
580
Induced
2
10
11
7
75
180
428
25
738
Total
2
2,019
357
71
252
228
706
34
3,669
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,134
197
58
108
0
38
0
2,534
Indirect
0
52
162
10
85
53
264
10
637
Induced
2
11
13
8
82
195
464
28
804
Total
2
2,198
371
76
275
248
766
38
3,974
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Wyoming Labor Income Contribution by State and Industry: Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($M)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,402
243
56
126
0
44
0
2,872
Indirect
0
55
181
10
95
60
302
11
715
Induced
2
12
14
9
92
221
525
31
907
Total
2
2,469
439
75
313
281
872
43
4,494
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
2,579
280
57
146
0
51
0
3,114
Indirect
0
59
192
11
103
66
334
13
778
Induced
2
13
15
10
101
241
572
34
988
Total
3
2,651
488
77
350
307
957
47
4,880
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
3,298
349
65
183
0
64
0
3,958
Indirect
1
75
246
13
129
83
422
16
986
Induced
3
16
20
13
128
306
725
43
1,252
Total
3
3,389
615
91
439
389
1,211
59
6,196
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
B-295
The Economic and Employment
Contributions of Unconventional Gas
Development in State Economies
Appendix C. Economic Contributions Excluding
Cross-State Contributions by State and Year
Prepared for:
AMERICA'S NATURAL GAS ALLIANCE
Submitted by:
IHS Inc.
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
June 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
About IHS (ihs.com)
IHS Inc. (NYSE: IHS) is a leading source of information and insight in critical areas that shape today's business landscape, including energy and power; design and supply chain; defense, risk and security; environmental, health and safety, and sustainability; country and industry forecasting; and commodities, pricing and cost. IHS has been in business since 1959 and
became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange in 2005. Headquartered in Englewood, Colorado,
USA, IHS employs more than 5,100 people in more than 30 countries around the world.
About IHS Global Insight
IHS Global Insightis one of the leading economic analysis and forecasting firms in the world. With over 600 economists, statisticians, and industry specialists in 25 offices worldwide, IHS Global Insight has an established track record for providing rigorous, objective forecast analysis and data to governments and businesses around the world.
Among our areas of expertise are the economic impact, tax implications, and job-creation dynamics within multiple sectors
core to national, state and local economies. It helps governments and companies at all levels interpret the impact of proposed investments, policies, programs, and projects.
IHS Global Insight was formed by the merger of DRI and WEFA. Still active in an advisory capacity to the firm is the original
founder of WEFA, Lawrence R. Klein, the 1980 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
For more information, contact:
Richard F. Fullenbaum
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
Richard.Fullenbaum@ihs.com
John W. Larson
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
John.Larson@ihs.com
For press information, contact:
Jim Dorsey
Senior Manager Media Relations, IHS
Jim.Dorsey@ihs.com
IHS
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
© 2012 IHS. All information contained herein is obtained by IHS Inc. from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. All forecasts and predictions contained herein are believed by IHS, Inc. to be as accurate as the data and methodologies will allow. However, because of the possibilities of human and mechanical error, as well as other factors such as unforeseen and unforeseeable
changes in political and economic circumstances beyond IHS's control, the information herein is provided "as is" without warranty of
any kind and IHS Inc., AND ALL THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED TO ANY SUBSCRIBER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY AS TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS,
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY OF THE INFORMATION OR FORECASTS CONTAINED HEREIN.
ii
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Appendix C. Economic Contributions Excluding Cross-State
Contributions by State and Year
Appendix C presents three different types of detailed tables by state in five-year increments over the forecast horizon (2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035). The tables presented in this appendix are similar in structure to the
tables presented in Appendix A; however, these tables present the indirect and induced contributions generated
by the direct activity in each state independent of all other states. In doing so, these tables present only the indirect and induced employment, value added, and labor income contributions attributed to supporting those directly
employed by the industry's unconventional gas activity in the source state through production and/or capital expenditure. In other words, the indirect and induced contributions do not include leakages (cross-state contributions)
in the supply chain from activities supported outside of the reported state. As a function of this methodology, all direct contributions remain unchanged from Appendix A and changes are only observed within the indirect and induced contributions. The results in this appendix are obtained directly from the IMPLAN model's single state runs.
Results for the following three concepts are presented:
1)
Employment Contribution
2)
Value Added Contribution
3)
Labor Income Contribution
Each contribution table is split out into direct, indirect, induced and total contribution. Also included are state multipliers defined as
(indirect contribution + induced contribution) / direct contribution
For each concept, there is a separate table for each of our forecast years.
A summary description of the tables is as follows:
1. Employment Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State. These tables present the
direct, indirect, induced, and total employment contributions for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035 alphabetically by state.
2. Value Added Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State. These tables present
the direct, indirect, induced, and total value added contributions for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035
alphabetically by state.
3. Labor Income Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State. These tables present
the direct, indirect, induced, and total value added contributions for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035
alphabetically by state.
The tables present the indirect and induced contributions generated by the direct activity in each state independent of all other states’ activity—the indirect and induced contributions do not include leakages (cross-state contributions) in the supply chain from activities supported outside of the reported state.
IHS
C-1
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Employment Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2010
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
Direct
1,195
0
13,640
4,718
22,535
0
187
0
3,204
952
0
2,814
516
315
658
2,145
29,896
0
0
136
6,968
352
92
4,133
90
104
505
0
592
6,797
408
102
0
4,979
8,636
670
13,594
0
61
0
142
73,744
10,404
0
923
0
6,871
137
14,753
Indirect
702
0
7,353
5,753
17,985
0
151
0
1,754
486
0
1,363
412
87
355
1,115
18,486
0
0
110
3,064
125
31
1,353
75
86
196
0
470
4,108
287
38
0
4,786
6,041
462
9,580
0
27
0
112
71,300
7,021
0
729
0
3,028
93
7,406
Induced
943
0
9,296
5,076
26,230
0
152
0
2,087
679
0
2,623
378
182
470
1,504
23,313
0
0
135
5,636
284
31
2,401
110
62
251
0
511
5,912
368
44
0
4,928
7,552
463
13,028
0
28
0
97
97,671
8,126
0
775
0
3,682
124
9,475
Total
2,839
0
30,289
15,547
66,750
0
490
0
7,044
2,117
0
6,800
1,306
584
1,484
4,764
71,694
0
0
380
15,668
762
153
7,887
275
252
952
0
1,573
16,816
1,063
184
0
14,693
22,229
1,595
36,201
0
116
0
351
242,714
25,551
0
2,428
0
13,581
354
31,635
237,968
176,528
234,626
649,122
State Multiplier
1.38
0.00
1.22
2.30
1.96
0.00
1.62
0.00
1.20
1.22
0.00
1.42
1.53
0.85
1.25
1.22
1.40
0.00
0.00
1.80
1.25
1.16
0.68
0.91
2.07
1.43
0.88
0.00
1.66
1.47
1.60
0.81
0.00
1.95
1.57
1.38
1.66
0.00
0.90
0.00
1.46
2.29
1.46
0.00
1.63
0.00
0.98
1.57
1.14
1.73
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-2
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2015
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
Direct
2,042
0
19,767
6,970
40,115
0
236
0
6,838
1,106
0
3,724
586
650
824
2,336
40,341
0
0
193
9,107
860
2,703
6,005
85
276
10
0
465
6,017
386
0
0
5,776
12,217
185
26,007
0
3
0
62
93,838
11,232
0
777
0
12,857
263
18,917
Indirect
933
0
11,099
8,031
29,308
0
207
0
3,658
578
0
1,658
469
206
518
1,251
28,681
0
0
153
3,763
306
909
1,960
70
251
19
0
424
3,850
270
0
0
5,643
9,154
376
20,237
0
6
0
70
94,117
8,331
0
681
0
5,670
139
9,301
Induced
1,087
0
13,720
7,434
40,923
0
202
0
4,385
822
0
3,376
429
382
618
1,709
38,716
0
0
188
7,059
694
920
3,494
101
175
9
0
456
5,367
336
0
0
5,749
11,071
289
30,191
0
4
0
53
128,173
9,386
0
711
0
7,346
225
11,349
Total
4,063
0
44,586
22,435
110,347
0
645
0
14,882
2,506
0
8,758
1,484
1,239
1,960
5,296
107,738
0
0
534
19,929
1,860
4,532
11,460
256
702
38
0
1,345
15,234
992
0
0
17,168
32,442
850
76,436
0
13
0
185
316,129
28,948
0
2,169
0
25,873
626
39,567
333,779
252,299
337,148
923,226
State Multiplier
0.99
0.00
1.26
2.22
1.75
0.00
1.73
0.00
1.18
1.27
0.00
1.35
1.53
0.90
1.38
1.27
1.67
0.00
0.00
1.76
1.19
1.16
0.68
0.91
2.02
1.54
2.66
0.00
1.89
1.53
1.57
0.00
0.00
1.97
1.66
3.60
1.94
0.00
3.54
0.00
1.99
2.37
1.58
0.00
1.79
0.00
1.01
1.38
1.09
1.77
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-3
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2020
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
1,232
0
22,868
7,582
43,714
0
402
0
3,274
734
0
5,295
898
782
880
2,517
40,665
0
0
355
11,554
917
1,300
7,702
82
332
93
0
676
4,928
584
188
0
8,875
14,598
216
41,258
0
93
0
147
125,882
12,472
0
838
0
18,520
321
20,698
Indirect
569
0
13,063
9,246
31,791
0
371
0
1,862
363
0
2,277
714
256
559
1,444
33,514
0
0
274
4,647
327
437
2,512
65
318
50
0
614
3,251
380
70
0
8,844
11,120
467
32,426
0
42
0
125
124,485
9,467
0
803
0
8,217
187
10,221
Induced
657
0
15,983
8,467
44,012
0
356
0
2,189
498
0
4,728
655
461
659
1,802
46,838
0
0
337
8,759
740
442
4,484
92
218
50
0
663
4,336
461
82
0
8,909
13,363
356
47,602
0
43
0
105
166,567
10,632
0
815
0
10,493
280
12,415
Total
2,458
0
51,914
25,296
119,517
0
1,129
0
7,325
1,594
0
12,300
2,267
1,500
2,099
5,762
121,017
0
0
967
24,960
1,983
2,179
14,697
240
867
194
0
1,953
12,515
1,426
340
0
26,628
39,081
1,040
121,286
0
178
0
377
416,935
32,571
0
2,455
0
37,230
788
43,333
US Total
403,473
315,383
419,547
1,138,404
State Multiplier
1.00
0.00
1.27
2.34
1.73
0.00
1.81
0.00
1.24
1.17
0.00
1.32
1.52
0.92
1.38
1.29
1.98
0.00
0.00
1.72
1.16
1.16
0.68
0.91
1.93
1.61
1.08
0.00
1.89
1.54
1.44
0.81
0.00
2.00
1.68
3.82
1.94
0.00
0.91
0.00
1.57
2.31
1.61
0.00
1.93
0.00
1.01
1.45
1.09
1.82
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-4
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2025
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
628
0
23,720
7,247
37,733
0
363
0
1,084
220
0
4,918
820
798
874
2,345
44,245
0
0
324
10,680
778
765
7,843
74
364
12
0
602
4,794
512
0
0
8,048
15,245
163
41,140
0
22
0
91
127,899
13,054
0
772
0
18,748
333
23,700
Indirect
306
0
13,561
8,881
27,263
0
337
0
743
112
0
2,130
650
279
547
1,340
38,078
0
0
250
4,238
277
257
2,561
59
366
22
0
538
3,100
334
0
0
8,026
11,448
352
32,817
0
15
0
100
127,234
9,930
0
732
0
8,326
179
11,612
Induced
353
0
16,642
8,150
38,344
0
323
0
827
151
0
4,397
598
475
650
1,654
54,164
0
0
307
8,023
627
260
4,558
84
247
11
0
587
3,963
402
0
0
8,076
13,941
268
49,234
0
13
0
76
171,641
11,216
0
742
0
10,800
286
14,073
Total
1,287
0
53,922
24,278
103,340
0
1,023
0
2,653
482
0
11,445
2,068
1,552
2,071
5,340
136,487
0
0
881
22,942
1,682
1,282
14,962
217
977
46
0
1,728
11,857
1,248
0
0
24,150
40,633
783
123,191
0
50
0
267
426,774
34,201
0
2,246
0
37,874
797
49,385
US Total
400,958
317,000
426,163
1,144,121
State Multiplier
1.05
0.00
1.27
2.35
1.74
0.00
1.82
0.00
1.45
1.19
0.00
1.33
1.52
0.94
1.37
1.28
2.08
0.00
0.00
1.72
1.15
1.16
0.68
0.91
1.93
1.68
2.66
0.00
1.87
1.47
1.44
0.00
0.00
2.00
1.67
3.81
1.99
0.00
1.25
0.00
1.93
2.34
1.62
0.00
1.91
0.00
1.02
1.40
1.08
1.85
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-5
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2030
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
1,047
0
24,272
7,461
35,346
0
438
0
4,926
835
0
5,634
986
891
902
2,365
44,571
0
0
396
11,907
731
681
8,702
65
405
13
0
709
4,207
611
0
0
9,588
16,580
136
47,761
0
31
0
98
140,803
13,412
0
815
0
21,154
382
26,183
Indirect
450
0
13,873
9,180
25,122
0
410
0
2,742
428
0
2,399
781
316
569
1,388
39,351
0
0
305
4,708
260
229
2,842
52
418
24
0
629
2,880
394
0
0
9,464
12,361
295
37,885
0
19
0
104
138,443
10,225
0
810
0
9,392
210
12,708
Induced
483
0
16,990
8,435
35,724
0
391
0
3,245
600
0
5,014
719
532
674
1,654
56,238
0
0
375
8,904
590
232
5,055
73
280
12
0
690
3,618
471
0
0
9,565
15,060
225
56,408
0
17
0
80
185,984
11,587
0
811
0
12,089
330
15,314
Total
1,980
0
55,135
25,076
96,192
0
1,239
0
10,914
1,863
0
13,047
2,486
1,739
2,144
5,407
140,160
0
0
1,076
25,520
1,581
1,142
16,599
190
1,103
49
0
2,028
10,705
1,476
0
0
28,617
44,001
656
142,053
0
66
0
283
465,229
35,224
0
2,436
0
42,634
921
54,205
US Total
435,045
341,664
458,469
1,235,178
State Multiplier
0.89
0.00
1.27
2.36
1.72
0.00
1.83
0.00
1.22
1.23
0.00
1.32
1.52
0.95
1.38
1.29
2.14
0.00
0.00
1.72
1.14
1.16
0.68
0.91
1.93
1.72
2.66
0.00
1.86
1.54
1.42
0.00
0.00
1.98
1.65
3.81
1.97
0.00
1.17
0.00
1.89
2.30
1.63
0.00
1.99
0.00
1.02
1.41
1.07
1.84
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-6
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Employment Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2035
(Number of workers)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
401
0
28,524
8,617
39,723
0
673
0
990
113
0
7,879
1,503
1,150
1,035
2,879
53,428
0
0
615
15,951
822
614
10,746
69
498
17
0
1,063
4,822
927
0
0
14,378
20,537
142
70,734
0
6
0
89
170,896
14,640
0
1,069
0
30,390
506
32,953
Indirect
213
0
16,253
10,609
27,928
0
633
0
765
63
0
3,282
1,193
401
669
1,766
48,387
0
0
474
6,368
293
207
3,507
55
520
30
0
939
3,309
595
0
0
13,904
15,232
308
55,639
0
11
0
108
168,726
11,160
0
1,137
0
13,490
299
16,023
Induced
244
0
19,949
9,766
40,045
0
603
0
826
86
0
6,967
1,097
684
786
2,028
69,516
0
0
583
11,963
663
209
6,247
78
347
15
0
1,034
4,159
710
0
0
14,190
18,589
234
82,294
0
8
0
79
226,717
12,602
0
1,124
0
17,230
443
19,365
Total
857
0
64,726
28,992
107,696
0
1,910
0
2,581
262
0
18,128
3,793
2,235
2,490
6,673
171,331
0
0
1,673
34,282
1,779
1,030
20,501
201
1,364
62
0
3,036
12,290
2,232
0
0
42,473
54,358
684
208,666
0
25
0
275
566,339
38,402
0
3,331
0
61,109
1,248
68,340
US Total
539,398
424,496
571,480
1,535,374
State Multiplier
1.14
0.00
1.27
2.36
1.71
0.00
1.84
0.00
1.61
1.33
0.00
1.30
1.52
0.94
1.41
1.32
2.21
0.00
0.00
1.72
1.15
1.16
0.68
0.91
1.92
1.74
2.66
0.00
1.86
1.55
1.41
0.00
0.00
1.95
1.65
3.81
1.95
0.00
3.54
0.00
2.11
2.31
1.62
0.00
2.12
0.00
1.01
1.47
1.07
1.85
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-7
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Value Added Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2010
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
276
0
2,745
505
5,587
0
25
0
180
109
0
395
54
36
99
451
5,664
0
0
13
859
45
4
314
35
8
41
0
81
2,091
61
5
0
539
1,924
50
2,444
0
3
0
12
19,621
1,256
0
179
0
1,261
17
5,014
Indirect
72
0
643
630
2,059
0
16
0
146
46
0
182
34
9
36
98
1,732
0
0
13
345
15
2
127
7
7
17
0
57
330
40
3
0
439
588
42
1,086
0
2
0
9
9,249
550
0
100
0
263
8
722
Induced
65
0
608
446
2,134
0
11
0
164
49
0
237
24
12
30
102
1,614
0
0
12
406
23
2
159
7
4
21
0
47
397
36
3
0
328
508
33
1,068
0
2
0
7
8,079
530
0
63
0
241
9
695
Total
413
0
3,995
1,581
9,780
0
53
0
490
204
0
814
112
57
165
650
9,010
0
0
38
1,609
84
8
600
49
18
80
0
186
2,818
137
11
0
1,306
3,020
125
4,598
0
7
0
28
36,949
2,335
0
342
0
1,765
34
6,430
US Total
52,004
19,722
18,176
89,902
State Multiplier
0.50
0.00
0.46
2.13
0.75
0.00
1.11
0.00
1.72
0.88
0.00
1.06
1.06
0.57
0.67
0.44
0.59
0.00
0.00
1.95
0.87
0.84
1.00
0.91
0.41
1.39
0.92
0.00
1.28
0.35
1.24
1.29
0.00
1.42
0.57
1.51
0.88
0.00
1.14
0.00
1.33
0.88
0.86
0.00
0.91
0.00
0.40
1.00
0.28
0.73
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-8
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2015
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
243
0
4,068
751
7,777
0
32
0
387
136
0
523
62
75
105
519
11,039
0
0
18
977
112
119
461
32
21
2
0
73
1,898
50
0
0
620
2,922
23
7,063
0
1
0
5
26,463
1,527
0
165
0
2,751
34
5,953
Indirect
87
0
983
898
3,294
0
22
0
306
56
0
227
39
20
53
113
2,923
0
0
19
414
37
61
185
7
21
1
0
52
312
38
0
0
524
906
37
2,589
0
0
0
6
12,518
669
0
97
0
519
13
908
Induced
78
0
908
667
3,376
0
15
0
349
59
0
310
27
25
39
118
2,789
0
0
17
507
58
58
234
7
10
1
0
42
362
32
0
0
385
766
19
2,580
0
0
0
4
10,876
629
0
58
0
494
16
854
Total
408
0
5,959
2,315
14,447
0
70
0
1,042
251
0
1,059
128
120
197
749
16,752
0
0
54
1,898
207
239
880
45
51
4
0
167
2,572
120
0
0
1,528
4,594
79
12,232
0
1
0
15
49,857
2,824
0
321
0
3,764
63
7,716
US Total
77,007
28,953
26,770
132,730
State Multiplier
0.68
0.00
0.46
2.08
0.86
0.00
1.19
0.00
1.69
0.84
0.00
1.03
1.06
0.61
0.87
0.44
0.52
0.00
0.00
1.96
0.94
0.84
1.00
0.91
0.42
1.50
1.07
0.00
1.27
0.36
1.39
0.00
0.00
1.47
0.57
2.42
0.73
0.00
0.73
0.00
1.83
0.88
0.85
0.00
0.94
0.00
0.37
0.86
0.30
0.72
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-9
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2020
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
142
0
4,624
823
7,949
0
54
0
185
77
0
727
94
89
110
503
14,111
0
0
32
1,116
119
57
587
28
25
9
0
106
1,456
60
9
0
936
3,422
27
10,777
0
5
0
13
32,840
1,714
0
170
0
3,832
40
6,394
Indirect
51
0
1,144
1,019
3,485
0
40
0
156
35
0
309
58
25
57
126
3,439
0
0
34
501
39
29
236
6
26
4
0
74
259
52
5
0
816
1,079
45
4,051
0
3
0
11
15,993
745
0
113
0
736
17
979
Induced
46
0
1,043
745
3,553
0
27
0
171
37
0
430
41
30
41
121
3,321
0
0
30
621
61
28
298
6
13
4
0
60
287
44
6
0
592
906
24
3,993
0
3
0
7
13,874
698
0
65
0
695
19
919
Total
239
0
6,811
2,587
14,986
0
121
0
512
149
0
1,466
194
144
207
750
20,871
0
0
96
2,238
219
113
1,120
40
63
17
0
241
2,002
157
20
0
2,344
5,407
96
18,821
0
11
0
30
62,707
3,157
0
349
0
5,263
77
8,292
US Total
93,261
35,799
32,857
161,917
State Multiplier
0.68
0.00
0.47
2.14
0.89
0.00
1.24
0.00
1.76
0.92
0.00
1.02
1.06
0.62
0.89
0.49
0.48
0.00
0.00
1.96
1.01
0.84
1.00
0.91
0.43
1.56
0.96
0.00
1.26
0.37
1.59
1.29
0.00
1.50
0.58
2.51
0.75
0.00
1.13
0.00
1.43
0.91
0.84
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.37
0.91
0.30
0.74
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-10
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2025
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
79
0
4,850
785
6,932
0
49
0
65
23
0
677
86
91
107
457
16,678
0
0
29
996
101
33
594
26
27
2
0
94
1,263
51
0
0
846
3,606
21
11,507
0
2
0
8
34,194
1,821
0
154
0
4,011
42
7,211
Indirect
28
0
1,190
978
2,982
0
36
0
65
11
0
290
53
27
55
116
3,939
0
0
31
454
33
17
240
5
30
2
0
65
243
45
0
0
741
1,111
34
4,167
0
1
0
8
16,380
780
0
103
0
752
17
1,105
Induced
24
0
1,089
717
3,057
0
24
0
63
11
0
401
38
31
40
111
3,838
0
0
27
567
52
16
302
6
14
1
0
53
259
39
0
0
537
943
18
4,130
0
1
0
5
14,228
733
0
59
0
716
20
1,040
Total
130
0
7,129
2,480
12,971
0
109
0
192
45
0
1,368
177
148
203
684
24,455
0
0
87
2,017
186
67
1,136
37
71
5
0
213
1,766
135
0
0
2,124
5,660
73
19,804
0
4
0
21
64,802
3,334
0
316
0
5,479
79
9,355
US Total
97,518
36,135
33,211
166,863
State Multiplier
0.66
0.00
0.47
2.16
0.87
0.00
1.24
0.00
1.97
0.94
0.00
1.02
1.05
0.64
0.89
0.50
0.47
0.00
0.00
1.96
1.03
0.84
1.00
0.91
0.43
1.63
1.07
0.00
1.25
0.40
1.66
0.00
0.00
1.51
0.57
2.50
0.72
0.00
0.94
0.00
1.78
0.90
0.83
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.37
0.87
0.30
0.71
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-11
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2030
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
Direct
84
0
4,900
804
6,360
0
59
0
277
97
0
772
104
101
111
441
17,429
0
0
36
1,079
95
30
657
22
30
2
0
111
1,146
57
0
0
1,002
3,872
17
12,973
0
3
0
8
36,540
1,885
0
161
0
4,434
48
7,758
Indirect
37
0
1,214
1,008
2,731
0
44
0
228
41
0
327
64
30
58
119
4,075
0
0
37
503
31
15
265
5
34
2
0
76
226
53
0
0
873
1,194
29
4,757
0
1
0
9
17,650
800
0
113
0
842
19
1,196
Induced
33
0
1,106
740
2,813
0
29
0
253
43
0
456
45
35
41
110
3,972
0
0
33
628
49
14
334
5
16
1
0
62
235
45
0
0
635
1,016
15
4,707
0
1
0
6
15,344
754
0
64
0
798
23
1,126
Total
154
0
7,219
2,552
11,904
0
132
0
758
181
0
1,555
213
165
210
670
25,476
0
0
106
2,210
175
59
1,256
32
80
5
0
250
1,607
156
0
0
2,510
6,081
61
22,437
0
5
0
23
69,533
3,439
0
338
0
6,073
91
10,081
103,505
38,704
35,588
177,797
State Multiplier
0.84
0.00
0.47
2.17
0.87
0.00
1.25
0.00
1.74
0.87
0.00
1.01
1.05
0.64
0.89
0.52
0.46
0.00
0.00
1.96
1.05
0.84
1.00
0.91
0.43
1.66
1.07
0.00
1.24
0.40
1.71
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.57
2.49
0.73
0.00
0.98
0.00
1.73
0.90
0.82
0.00
1.11
0.00
0.37
0.88
0.30
0.72
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-12
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Value Added Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2035
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US Total
Direct
58
0
5,769
928
7,123
0
90
0
61
14
0
1,087
158
131
130
525
21,981
0
0
56
1,441
107
26
814
24
37
3
0
167
1,323
85
0
0
1,500
4,809
18
18,808
0
2
0
7
44,731
2,038
0
213
0
6,299
64
9,894
Indirect
20
0
1,435
1,164
3,042
0
68
0
67
6
0
452
97
39
68
152
5,077
0
0
58
683
35
14
328
5
42
2
0
113
261
80
0
0
1,284
1,476
30
6,972
0
1
0
9
21,590
873
0
160
0
1,210
28
1,517
Induced
17
0
1,308
857
3,147
0
45
0
62
6
0
639
69
45
48
134
4,963
0
0
51
844
55
13
413
5
20
1
0
94
272
68
0
0
943
1,259
15
6,895
0
0
0
5
18,756
820
0
89
0
1,142
31
1,432
Total
94
0
8,511
2,949
13,311
0
204
0
190
26
0
2,178
324
214
247
810
32,021
0
0
165
2,967
198
53
1,555
34
100
6
0
374
1,856
234
0
0
3,727
7,544
63
32,676
0
3
0
22
85,076
3,731
0
462
0
8,651
122
12,843
130,520
48,458
44,566
223,544
State Multiplier
72.47
0.00
642.57
629.93
2,059.06
0.00
16.22
0.00
146.00
46.18
0.00
181.76
33.77
8.64
35.81
97.60
1,731.86
0.00
0.00
13.36
344.59
14.91
2.05
126.88
6.99
7.01
16.76
0.00
56.84
329.60
40.36
2.92
0.00
439.01
587.99
42.50
1,085.60
0.00
1.97
0.00
9.47
9,249.34
549.58
0.00
99.88
0.00
262.69
8.31
721.87
0.71
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-13
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Labor Income Contribution Excluding Cross-State Contributions: Alphabetical by State
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2010
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
117
0
1,171
349
2,561
0
16
0
171
63
0
291
34
27
52
186
2,740
0
0
12
541
34
4
258
13
5
38
0
62
785
39
4
0
372
903
39
1,210
0
3
0
7
9,377
689
0
81
0
556
12
1,931
Indirect
40
0
401
400
1,276
0
10
0
98
28
0
114
21
5
21
62
1,110
0
0
9
204
9
1
81
4
4
12
0
37
218
25
2
0
277
338
27
683
0
1
0
6
5,128
363
0
55
0
169
5
448
Induced
35
0
331
249
1,174
0
6
0
89
27
0
133
13
7
16
56
887
0
0
7
223
13
1
89
4
2
11
0
26
211
20
2
0
183
274
18
606
0
1
0
4
4,341
293
0
34
0
130
5
337
Total
192
0
1,903
998
5,011
0
32
0
357
117
0
538
68
39
89
305
4,738
0
0
28
968
56
6
428
20
11
61
0
125
1,214
85
8
0
832
1,516
84
2,499
0
5
0
17
18,846
1,345
0
169
0
855
23
2,716
US Total
24,755
11,693
9,858
46,305
State Multiplier
0.64
0.00
0.63
1.86
0.96
0.00
1.03
0.00
1.09
0.87
0.00
0.85
0.98
0.43
0.71
0.63
0.73
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.79
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.61
1.32
0.59
0.00
1.01
0.55
1.17
0.83
0.00
1.23
0.68
1.18
1.07
0.00
0.82
0.00
1.34
1.01
0.95
0.00
1.09
0.00
0.54
0.82
0.41
0.87
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-14
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2015
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
135
0
1,725
547
3,943
0
21
0
366
76
0
387
39
56
64
214
4,723
0
0
17
684
83
113
379
12
13
1
0
54
709
35
0
0
434
1,338
16
2,981
0
0
0
3
12,486
799
0
73
0
1,126
25
2,351
Indirect
53
0
611
572
2,082
0
14
0
206
33
0
142
24
12
30
71
1,802
0
0
13
249
22
42
119
4
13
1
0
33
204
24
0
0
330
522
23
1,525
0
0
0
4
6,905
435
0
52
0
330
8
560
Induced
41
0
492
371
1,849
0
9
0
189
32
0
173
15
14
21
64
1,513
0
0
10
278
32
31
130
4
6
0
0
23
192
18
0
0
215
411
11
1,448
0
0
0
2
5,806
344
0
31
0
263
9
412
Total
230
0
2,828
1,491
7,874
0
43
0
761
141
0
702
78
81
115
350
8,038
0
0
40
1,210
138
186
628
19
32
2
0
110
1,106
77
0
0
978
2,271
50
5,953
0
1
0
9
25,198
1,577
0
156
0
1,718
42
3,323
US Total
36,028
17,069
14,459
67,556
State Multiplier
0.70
0.00
0.64
1.72
1.00
0.00
1.08
0.00
1.08
0.86
0.00
0.81
0.98
0.46
0.79
0.63
0.70
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.77
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.61
1.39
1.58
0.00
1.04
0.56
1.22
0.00
0.00
1.26
0.70
2.05
1.00
0.00
1.07
0.00
1.69
1.02
0.98
0.00
1.14
0.00
0.53
0.70
0.41
0.88
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-15
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2020
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
80
0
1,979
601
4,140
0
36
0
176
46
0
539
60
66
67
216
5,672
0
0
31
839
88
53
482
11
16
7
0
78
556
47
8
0
660
1,585
20
4,590
0
4
0
8
15,840
889
0
80
0
1,585
29
2,534
Indirect
32
0
712
650
2,222
0
25
0
104
21
0
194
36
15
31
80
2,102
0
0
22
302
24
20
151
3
16
3
0
47
169
33
4
0
512
625
28
2,405
0
2
0
7
8,948
486
0
61
0
469
11
605
Induced
24
0
567
415
1,953
0
15
0
92
20
0
240
22
16
22
66
1,808
0
0
17
340
34
15
166
3
7
2
0
33
152
25
3
0
330
488
13
2,247
0
2
0
4
7,427
383
0
35
0
371
11
444
Total
136
0
3,258
1,666
8,316
0
75
0
372
87
0
973
118
97
121
363
9,582
0
0
71
1,481
146
88
799
17
39
12
0
159
877
105
15
0
1,502
2,698
60
9,242
0
8
0
18
32,215
1,759
0
175
0
2,425
51
3,583
US Total
43,717
21,177
17,815
82,709
State Multiplier
0.70
0.00
0.65
1.77
1.01
0.00
1.11
0.00
1.12
0.88
0.00
0.80
0.97
0.47
0.80
0.68
0.69
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.77
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.62
1.43
0.71
0.00
1.03
0.58
1.25
0.83
0.00
1.28
0.70
2.10
1.01
0.00
0.82
0.00
1.41
1.03
0.98
0.00
1.20
0.00
0.53
0.74
0.41
0.89
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-16
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2025
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
42
0
2,066
578
3,597
0
32
0
62
14
0
502
55
67
67
199
6,581
0
0
28
767
75
31
488
10
18
1
0
69
500
40
0
0
596
1,659
15
4,791
0
1
0
5
16,331
939
0
73
0
1,634
31
2,872
Indirect
17
0
741
624
1,896
0
22
0
42
6
0
182
33
16
31
74
2,399
0
0
20
274
20
12
154
3
18
1
0
41
158
29
0
0
464
643
21
2,448
0
1
0
5
9,136
510
0
55
0
480
11
685
Induced
13
0
591
399
1,686
0
14
0
34
6
0
224
20
17
22
61
2,091
0
0
16
310
29
9
168
3
8
0
0
30
138
22
0
0
299
508
10
2,327
0
0
0
3
7,628
404
0
32
0
382
11
503
Total
72
0
3,398
1,601
7,178
0
68
0
138
26
0
907
107
100
119
334
11,071
0
0
64
1,351
124
52
809
16
45
2
0
140
796
91
0
0
1,359
2,810
45
9,566
0
2
0
13
33,094
1,853
0
160
0
2,496
53
4,060
US Total
44,834
21,271
18,017
84,123
State Multiplier
0.70
0.00
0.64
1.77
1.00
0.00
1.11
0.00
1.23
0.89
0.00
0.81
0.97
0.49
0.79
0.68
0.68
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.76
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.62
1.47
1.58
0.00
1.02
0.59
1.27
0.00
0.00
1.28
0.69
2.10
1.00
0.00
0.90
0.00
1.65
1.03
0.97
0.00
1.20
0.00
0.53
0.71
0.41
0.88
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-17
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2030
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
57
0
2,102
598
3,333
0
39
0
262
55
0
573
66
75
69
196
6,820
0
0
35
849
70
28
540
8
20
1
0
82
451
47
0
0
708
1,791
12
5,453
0
2
0
5
17,610
968
0
78
0
1,823
35
3,114
Indirect
24
0
756
644
1,736
0
27
0
152
24
0
204
39
18
32
76
2,477
0
0
25
304
19
10
170
3
21
1
0
48
146
34
0
0
547
693
17
2,810
0
1
0
6
9,896
524
0
61
0
538
12
744
Induced
18
0
602
412
1,556
0
16
0
137
23
0
255
24
19
23
60
2,166
0
0
19
343
27
8
186
3
9
0
0
35
125
26
0
0
353
549
8
2,656
0
1
0
3
8,240
416
0
34
0
427
13
546
Total
99
0
3,459
1,654
6,625
0
83
0
552
103
0
1,032
129
111
123
332
11,463
0
0
78
1,496
116
46
896
14
50
3
0
165
723
107
0
0
1,608
3,033
38
10,920
0
3
0
14
35,746
1,908
0
173
0
2,787
61
4,403
US Total
47,974
22,841
19,336
90,152
State Multiplier
0.74
0.00
0.65
1.77
0.99
0.00
1.11
0.00
1.10
0.87
0.00
0.80
0.97
0.49
0.79
0.70
0.68
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.76
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.62
1.49
1.58
0.00
1.02
0.60
1.28
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.69
2.10
1.00
0.00
0.88
0.00
1.63
1.03
0.97
0.00
1.23
0.00
0.53
0.72
0.41
0.88
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
C-18
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US State-L
Level Labor Income Contribution of Unconventional Gas* Excluding Cross-S
State Contributions, 2035
($M)
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Direct
29
0
2,485
693
3,739
0
60
0
58
8
0
807
100
97
80
237
8,519
0
0
54
1,136
80
25
668
9
25
1
0
123
522
71
0
0
1,059
2,219
13
7,966
0
1
0
5
21,507
1,050
0
105
0
2,609
47
3,958
Indirect
12
0
892
745
1,929
0
42
0
43
4
0
283
60
23
38
96
3,080
0
0
39
411
21
9
210
3
26
1
0
72
169
52
0
0
804
856
18
4,135
0
0
0
6
12,088
571
0
86
0
773
18
943
Induced
9
0
711
477
1,740
0
25
0
33
3
0
357
37
24
26
74
2,703
0
0
29
461
31
7
230
3
11
1
0
52
145
38
0
0
524
679
9
3,889
0
0
0
3
10,064
452
0
47
0
610
17
693
Total
49
0
4,088
1,914
7,409
0
127
0
135
15
0
1,447
197
144
144
407
14,302
0
0
122
2,008
132
41
1,107
14
62
3
0
247
836
161
0
0
2,388
3,754
40
15,989
0
1
0
14
43,658
2,073
0
238
0
3,992
82
5,594
US Total
60,162
28,557
24,216
112,935
State Multiplier
0.71
0.00
0.65
1.76
0.98
0.00
1.12
0.00
1.31
0.90
0.00
0.79
0.97
0.49
0.80
0.72
0.68
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.77
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.62
1.51
1.58
0.00
1.01
0.60
1.28
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.69
2.10
1.01
0.00
1.07
0.00
1.76
1.03
0.97
0.00
1.27
0.00
0.53
0.75
0.41
0.88
NOTE: *Unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Source: IHS Global Insight
IHS
C-19
The Economic and Employment
Contributions of Unconventional Gas
Development in State Economies
Appendix D. The Economic and Employment
Contributions of Non-Shale Unconventional
Gas in the United States
Prepared for:
AMERICA'S NATURAL GAS ALLIANCE
Submitted by:
IHS Inc.
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
June 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
About IHS (ihs.com)
IHS Inc. (NYSE: IHS) is a leading source of information and insight in critical areas that shape today's business landscape, including energy and power; design and supply chain; defense, risk and security; environmental, health and safety, and sustainability; country and industry forecasting; and commodities, pricing and cost. IHS has been in business since 1959 and
became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange in 2005. Headquartered in Englewood, Colorado,
USA, IHS employs more than 5,100 people in more than 30 countries around the world.
About IHS Global Insight
IHS Global Insightis one of the leading economic analysis and forecasting firms in the world. With over 600 economists, statisticians, and industry specialists in 25 offices worldwide, IHS Global Insight has an established track record for providing rigorous, objective forecast analysis and data to governments and businesses around the world.
Among our areas of expertise are the economic impact, tax implications, and job-creation dynamics within multiple sectors
core to national, state and local economies. It helps governments and companies at all levels interpret the impact of proposed investments, policies, programs, and projects.
IHS Global Insight was formed by the merger of DRI and WEFA. Still active in an advisory capacity to the firm is the original
founder of WEFA, Lawrence R. Klein, the 1980 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics.
For more information, contact:
Richard F. Fullenbaum
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
Richard.Fullenbaum@ihs.com
John W. Larson
Vice President, Public Sector, IHS
John.Larson@ihs.com
For press information, contact:
Jim Dorsey
Senior Manager Media Relations, IHS
Jim.Dorsey@ihs.com
IHS
1150 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington, DC 20036
© 2012 IHS. All information contained herein is obtained by IHS Inc. from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. All forecasts and predictions contained herein are believed by IHS, Inc. to be as accurate as the data and methodologies will allow. However, because of the possibilities of human and mechanical error, as well as other factors such as unforeseen and unforeseeable
changes in political and economic circumstances beyond IHS's control, the information herein is provided "as is" without warranty of
any kind and IHS Inc., AND ALL THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED TO ANY SUBSCRIBER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY AS TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS,
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY OF THE INFORMATION OR FORECASTS CONTAINED HEREIN.
D-ii
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Project Team
Authors
Mohsen Bonakdarpour, Director, Economic Analysis and Planning, IHS Consulting
Bob Flanagan, Director, Economic Analysis and Planning, IHS Consulting
John W. Larson, Vice President, Public Sector, IHS Consulting
Contributors
Project Manager: Tabitha M. Bailey, Senior Associate, Public Sector, IHS Consulting
Special Advisor: Richard F. Fullenbaum, Vice President, Public Sector, IHS Consulting
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge IHS Cambridge Energy Research Associates (IHS CERA) on which we have relied
for oil and gas expertise and analysis. For the data on oil and gas production, holdings, and reserves, we have used
IHS's extensive oil and gas databases. In particular, we want to thank Dr. Mary Barcella, IHS CERA Director, North
American Natural Gas and team leader; Samuel Andrus, Director, North American Natural Gas, IHS CERA; and
James Osten, Director, North American Natural Gas, IHS CERA.
We would also like to thank the additional subject matter experts, technical experts, industry experts and analysts
that have contributed to this study:
Parker Andrews, John Anton, Rick Chamberlain, Laura Hand, Miguel Goncalves, Yanni He, Dewey Johnson, Rafael McDonald, Joe Michael, Michael Montgomery, Walter Moody, John Mothersole, Shane Norton, Sunaina Ocalan, Rajeevee Panditharatna, Frantz Price, Surya Rajan, Curtis Smith, Tom Runiewicz,
Mark Wegenka, and Steve Zinger
IHS offers an independent assessment of the importance unconventional gas to the overall US economy. This
research was supported by the America's Natural Gas Alliance (ANGA). IHS is exclusively responsible for all of
the analysis and content contained herein. The analyses and metrics developed during the course of this research are intended to contribute to the national dialogue on the role of unconventional gas in terms of production, employment, economic growth, and energy security.
IHS
D-iii
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Key Findings: The Economic and Employment Contributions of Non-Shale
Unconventional Gas in the United States
As a companion to the IHS Global Insight study "The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the
United States," this study examines the growth in production of natural gas extracted from unconventional sources
other than shale—namely, tight sands and coal bed methane (CBM)—and the economic benefits of this growth,
including the additional employment generated by the increased activity. The same technologies that have allowed
the development of natural gas from shale formations have also opened up the development of non-shale types
of unconventional gas extracted from tight sands and CBM. Natural gas extracted from these non-shale unconventional sources will be referred to in this report as "other" unconventional gas.
This report focuses on the economic impact of other unconventional gas development and production:
•
In 2010, total unconventional gas (from shale and other) represented 53 percent of all US natural gas production. By 2035, their combined share will be 79 percent - 60 percent shale gas and 19 percent other unconventional gas. The growth will be driven by strong growth in shale gas production and some additional growth
in other unconventional gas production throughout the forecast time horizon, 2010 through 2035.
•
Nearly $1.3 trillion in cumulative capital investment in other unconventional gas alone is expected between
2010 and 2035. This, combined with capital investments in shale gas, will amount to nearly a $3.2 trillion investment in unconventional gas production during this time.
•
In 2010, other unconventional gas activity supported 407,000 jobs; by 2015, employment will expand to nearly
594,000 and, by 2035, to nearly 779,000. When combined with shale gas, unconventional natural gas activity supported just over 1 million jobs in 2010; this will increase to 1.7 million jobs in 2015 and more than 2.4
million jobs in 2035.
•
The contribution to US gross domestic product (GDP) from other unconventional gas activity was $57 billion
in 2010. This will increase to $78 billion by 2015 and to $101 billion in 2035.
•
In 2010, other unconventional gas production contributed over $15 billion in federal, state and local government tax revenues, and this will nearly double to nearly $28 billion in 2035. Between 2010 and 2035, other unconventional gas activity will generate a total of nearly $566 billion in government tax revenues.
As with shale gas activity, the dramatic impact on employment and the economy from other unconventional gas
activity reflects the significant capital intensity of the industry, the ability to source inputs from domestic US sources,
the coast-to-coast structure of the supply chain, and the high quality of the jobs created.1
1 For more information, see "The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the United States:"
http://www.ihs.com/info/ecc/a/shale-gas-jobs-report.aspx
IHS
D-v
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table of Contents
Key Findings: The Economic and Employment Contributions of Non-Shale Unconventional Gas in the United
States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-v
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1
Jobs: Nearly 600,000 by 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2
Value Added to GDP: $100 Billion by 2035 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2
Government Revenues: Nearly $566 Billion in 2010-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-3
Capital Investment: $1.3 Trillion in 2010-2035 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-3
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-4
1.Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-5
The Structure of This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-5
2. An Introduction to Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-6
Unconventional Gas Supply and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-7
3. Outlook for Production and Capital Expenditures for Other Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-10
The Process of Natural Gas Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-11
Prospecting and Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-11
Well Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-11
Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-12
Estimating Production Profiles for Other Unconventional Gas Plays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-12
Drilling Costs and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-13
4.Economic Contribution Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-15
Approach and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-15
How to Define the Economic Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-15
Modeling the Economic Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-15
Measuring the Economic Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-16
Employment Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-17
Value Added to GDP and Labor Income Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-18
Government Revenues and Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-18
5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-20
Appendix A. Future Production and Capital Expenditure Outlook: Other Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . . . . .D-21
Production Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-21
Well Capital Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-21
North American Modeling Methodology and Process Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-23
North American Gas Modeling Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-23
Appendix B. Economic Contribution Assessment Detailed Tables: Other Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . . . .D-27
Other Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-28
Total Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-35
Appendix C: IHS Global Insight Economic Contribution Assessment: Other Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . .D-42
Data Requirements and Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-42
Other Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-43
Total Unconventional Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-45
IHS
D-vii
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Executive Summary
IHS Global Insight’s December report, “The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the United
States,” the first in a series of studies about natural gas development in North America, presented the economic
contribution of increasing development of US shale gas plays.2 This new companion study focuses on the economic
contributions of what is called “other,” or non-shale, sources of unconventional gas, namely tight sands and coal
bed methane (CBM). Like the prior shale study, this study examines the impact in terms of jobs, economic growth,
and labor income and government revenues—today and in the future – from the development of other unconventional natural gas.
This research demonstrates that other unconventional gas will make a significant and steady economic contribution in the near term upon which the strong, long-term growth offered by natural gas development will be built. For
the reader’s convenience, this study provides the economic and related impacts of natural gas development in two
ways: 1) for other unconventional gas (tight sands and CBM) and 2) for total unconventional gas (shale, tight sands,
and CBM).
The shale gas story over the next quarter century is one of powerful growth—in investment, production, employment,
and economic growth. But other unconventional gas will also be an important story of a secure and steady foundation that will provide an additional production source of natural gas that will also contribute to US economic growth.
But because other unconventional gas production is forecast to grow more slowly than shale gas production, its
share of total unconventional gas production will decline. In 2010, unconventional gas represented 53 percent of total
US natural gas production—27 percent from shale gas and 26 percent from other unconventional.3 By 2035, unconventional gas will account for 79 percent of total US gas production—60 percent from shale gas and 19 percent
from other unconventional gas. The following is a breakdown of the economic benefits from other unconventional
natural gas activity in terms of employment growth, GDP growth, tax revenues and capital expenditures.
S h a r e o f N a t u r a l G a s P r o d u c t i o n b y T yp e, 2010
S h a r e o f N a t u r a l G a s P r o d u c t i o n b y T yp e, 2035
47%
19%
21%
26%
27%
60%
Shale
Other Unconventional
Conventional
Shale
Other Unconventional
Conventional
2 A "play" is a geographic area associated with a petroleum-bearing geologic formation
3 The remainder is conventional natural gas production, which involves accessing the most readily available sources of natural gas, using
wells drilled vertically into gas reserves. Unconventional gas production, as discussed in prior reports, requires horizontal or other unconventional drilling techniques.
IHS
D-1
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Jobs: Nearly 600,000 by 2015
The economic contribution of other unconventional gas is measured by the sum of the direct
contribution to employment, the indirect contribution through the reliance on supplier industries,
and the so-called “induced” contribution that results when workers in the gas and supplier industries spend their additional incomes on consumer
and other goods, boosting the entire economy.
In 2010, other unconventional gas activity supported more than 407,000 jobs in total; this was
made up of nearly 90,000 direct jobs in the
United States, more than 133,000 indirect jobs in
supplier industries, and more than 184,000 induced jobs.
US Employment Contribution
(Number of workers)
Other Unconventional Gas*
Direct
Indirect
Induced
Total
2010
2015
2035
89,824
133,289
184,195
407,308
135,781
196,297
261,687
593,765
179,063
259,704
340,021
778,787
2010
237,968
326,999
443,690
1,008,657
2015
333,780
479,487
650,182
1,463,449
2035
539,398
806,810
1,092,669
2,438,877
Total Unconventional Gas**
Direct
Indirect
Induced
Total
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTES: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed
methane.
**Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal
bed methane.
Value Added to GDP: $100 Billion by 2035
In terms of its contribution to GDP, other unconventional gas activity contributed more than $56
billion to the US economy in 2010 alone. This will
increase to more than $78 billion by 2015 and to
more than $100 billion in 2035. The growth in
other unconventional gas production and capital
expenditures begins with strong expansion during
the first decade, followed by more moderate
growth during the last fifteen years of the 25-year
forecast. Due to the slowdown in the growth of
production during the second part of the forecast,
the value added to GDP during the first decade of
the forecast period will exceed gains made in the
remaining years of the forecast.
US Value Added Contribution
($M)
Other Unconventional Gas*
Direct
Indirect
Induced
Total
2010
2015
2035
22,822
15,885
17,818
56,525
29,944
22,940
25,418
78,302
37,477
30,112
33,079
100,667
2010
52,004
38,301
43,101
133,405
2015
77,007
56,441
63,069
196,516
2035
130,520
95,346
105,862
331,728
Total Unconventional Gas**
Direct
Indirect
Induced
Total
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTES: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed
methane.
**Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal
bed methane.
D-2
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Government Revenues: Nearly $566 Billion in 2010-35
In 2010, other unconventional gas activity contributed just over $15 billion to
federal, state, and local governments
through income taxes, royalty payments, and other taxes. By 2035,
these revenues will grow to nearly $28
billion. During the entire forecast period, 2010 through 2035, other unconventional gas will contribute nearly
$566 billion in total government revenues.4
US Estimated Government Revenue
($M)
Other Unconventional Gas*
Federal Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Government Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
2010
6,888
7,597
700
15,185
2015
9,733
10,121
916
20,770
2035
12,619
13,690
1,539
27,847
2010-2035
262,165
276,003
27,524
565,692
127
239
484
8,263
2010
6,888
7,597
700
15,185
2015
9,733
10,121
916
20,770
2035
12,619
13,690
1,539
27,847
2010-2035
262,165
276,003
27,524
565,692
127
239
484
8,263
Total Unconventional Gas**
Federal Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Government Revenue
Lease Payments to
Private Landowners
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTES: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
**Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
Capital Investment: $1.3 Trillion in 2010-2035
Continued expected growth in the demand for other unconventional gas over the next 25 years will drive the need
for higher levels of capital expenditures. IHS expects capital investment in other unconventional gas production to
total nearly $1.3 trillion between 2010 and 2035. Capital expenditure growth is forecast to be stronger during the
initial ten years compared with the remainder of the forecast horizon.
US Annual Capital Expenditure by Type: Other Unconventional Gas*
($M)
Total Upstream Capital Expenditure
Infrastructure Capital Expenditure
TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
2010
2015
2035
17,614
1,630
19,244
33,195
2,903
36,097
67,093
6,010
73,104
2010
2015
2035
42,455
10,049
52,505
72,882
11,922
84,804
183,898
15,797
199,695
Total
2010-2035**
1,190,908
106,605
1,297,513
Source: IHS CERA
NOTES: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
**Total 2010-2035 represents the total for all years including those years not reported.
US Annual Capital Expenditure by Type: Total Unconventional Gas**
($M)
Total Upstream Capital Expenditure
Infrastructure Capital Expenditure
TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
Total
2010-2035**
2,845,224
328,145
3,173,369
Source: IHS CERA
NOTES: *Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
**Total 2010-2035 represents the total for all years including those years not reported.
4 This results from summing government revenues for each year in the 25-year period.
IHS
D-3
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Conclusion
Although other unconventional gas production will not keep pace with that exhibited by shale gas activity, the level
of capital intensity required by other unconventional gas production ensures that it will still have an important role
to play in the total unconventional gas activity’s overall economic and employment contribution. Similar to contributions brought about by shale gas activity, other unconventional gas activity’s economic and employment contributions will be led by direct employment, indirect employment through a broad supplier base supporting the activity,
and the tremendous income effects brought about by consumer spending as a result of these direct and indirect
employment opportunities.
At a time when the US economy continues to struggle to pull out of the Great Recession and create enough jobs
to reduce the high US unemployment rate, a thriving natural gas industry based not just on shale gas, but also on
other unconventional gas, offers great prospects for future employment and other growth opportunities for the US
economy.
D-4
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
1. Introduction
The supply of natural gas in North America, long viewed as being in decline, is now expanding at a rapid pace. Rising production, fueled by technological advances, has significantly reduced gas prices. Natural gas prices plunged
from a 2008 high of $8.84 per million British thermal units (MMBtus) to less than $3 per MMBtus currently. Natural
gas production in the United States has grown so much that the market’s future expansion is now contingent on
new demand—supply is no longer a constraint.
The resurgence of the US natural gas industry is being driven primarily by development of new shale gas resources,
which have fundamentally changed the outlook for natural gas supply and price in North America. Shale gas development has provided substantial benefits to employment and the economy, which were documented in our December 2011 report, “The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the United States.”5 However,
this is just one aspect of a revolution in unconventional gas that has wider effects. The same technologies that have
opened up the development of shale gas have also permitted the development of other types of unconventional
gas—specifically, gas from tight sands and coal bed methane (CBM).
Over the next 25 years, this other unconventional gas production will supplement declining traditional gas supplies
at the same time that shale gas production also steadily expands. The production mix of the two will be determined
by the economics of individual plays and individual wells within each play.
IHS has produced two reports on unconventional gas development in North America. The first report was limited
to shale gas production and the economic impact to the US economy of developing this unconventional form of
gas. This report looks at other unconventional gas development in the United States.
This analysis begins with production outlooks for major tight sands gas and CBM plays in the United States through
2035. In addition to production, IHS CERA’s analysis of each play calculates the investment of capital, labor, and
other inputs required for the projected level of output. The benefits of these investments are then calculated using
IHS Global Insight’s proprietary economic impact assessment and macroeconomic models to generate the employment, GDP growth, labor income, and tax revenues that will result from this higher level of unconventional gas development.
The Structure of This Report
The remainder of this report is divided into three sections and three appendices.
•
The next section, Section 2, provides an overview of other unconventional gas.
•
Section 3 presents the critical inputs to the economic analysis, namely, the production and capital expenditure
outlooks for other unconventional gas. The outlook for other unconventional gas is consistent with forecasts
for the US natural gas market supply and demand through 2035 presented in the IHS Global Insight study “The
Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the United States.”
•
Section 4 presents the results of IHS Global Insight’s economic contribution analysis.
•
Appendices are provided to facilitate the readers’ understanding of the methodologies, research, and data
used in our analysis and to present more detailed results from our study.
•
Appendix A contains the underlying methodology and detailed data related to the assumed future production profile and capital expenditure outlook for other unconventional gas.
•
Appendix B provides detailed results of the economic contribution assessment.
•
Appendix C presents the data and modeling approach underlying the economic contribution assessment.
5 http://www.ihs.com/info/ecc/a/shale-gas-jobs-report.aspx
IHS
D-5
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
2. An Introduction to Unconventional Gas
In a conventional natural gas reservoir, oil or natural gas has migrated upward over geologic time from a lower
source rock, through permeable rocks until it hits an impermeable layer of rock and then moves along this hard barrier until it encounters a “trap.”6 These accumulations of natural gas are sometimes found in association with crude
oil and sometimes not. A well is usually drilled vertically into the reservoir to allow the oil and/or natural gas to flow
into the wellbore and up to the surface. Historically, these reservoirs have been relatively “easy” to access using traditional technology.
Unconventional gas, by contrast, is embedded in impermeable geologic formations that restrict the flow of gas.
Shale gas is contained in shale rock with low permeability, tight sands gas is contained in low-permeability sandstone, and CBM is contained in low-permeability coal seams. Permeability is what drives whether development requires conventional techniques or newer approaches to extract natural gas or oil in an economically feasible manner.
The Geology of Conventional and Unconventional Oil and Gas
Source: EIA
10402-4
It has long been known that the low-permeability source rock existed and that it contained significant amounts of
natural gas and oil. However, conventional well-completion techniques did not generally yield sufficient production
to justify developing these gas reserves. Through innovation and technological evolution in the oil and gas industry, production techniques have been developed over the past two decades that allow the economical extraction
of natural gas and oil from low-permeability source rock.
Two technologies in particular are critical—both of them with long histories of use preceding unconventional gas
development. Conventional well-completion techniques for decades have turned to either to horizontal drilling or
to hydraulic fracturing to improve oil or gas flow. These well-completion technologies were used primarily in the startup phase of traditional wells to initiate production and, less often, to sustain production in an already producing well.
Horizontal drilling techniques were also adapted to produce unconventional hydrocarbons, including natural gas.
Horizontal drilling involves first drilling a vertical well to the desired depth and then drilling laterally to access a larger
portion of the source rock and to intersect natural fractures in the rock in order to enhance flow. Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of fluid (usually a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals) under high pressure into a natural gas or oil well to create new fractures in the source rock. The sand prevents the cracks from closing when the
6 Permeability refers to how easily gasses and fluids are able to flow through a rock.
D-6
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
U S L o w e r 4 8 N a t u r a l G a s P r o d u c t i o n B y T y p e : 2 0 0 0 t o 2010
water pressure is removed, creating permeable pathways for natu- Bcf per Day
ral gas to move into the wellbore
70
and then to the surface. Hydraulic
fracturing is a one-time process
60
that takes place over a few days
to release the flow of gas from the
50
impermeable rock into the well40
bore. Some of the injected water
returns to the surface and is re30
covered and some remains in the
reservoir. Over the course of
20
hours or days, this “flowback” is
increasingly dominated by the
10
natural gas that is the goal of the
production process. Once gas is
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
flowing, the well is connected to
gathering pipelines that send the
Conventional
Tight Gas
Shale Gas
Coalbed Methane
gas to processing facilities and
Source: EIA, IHS CERA
from there to the consumer market. No further hydraulic fracturing takes place unless later, during the producing life of the well (typically years later), remedial work is required to
enhance well flow. The combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing allows producers to access large
areas of source rock with a single well and allows commercial production from formations so tight or lacking in permeability that significant amounts of oil and/or gas had never been able to escape over millions of years.
The unconventional gas revolution began in the Barnett shale gas play in Texas, where, over the course of two
decades, the combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing in well completions showed impressive results in hydrocarbon production. The technology spread to other shale and tight sands plays throughout the United
States, leading to a long-term climb in US gas production beginning in 2007, which was interrupted only by Hurricane Ike in 2008 and the Great Recession in 2009. In January 2007, total natural gas production in the US lower
48 states was 49.7 billion cubic feet (Bcf) per day. By July 2008, it had climbed to 56.1 Bcf per day and currently
exceeds 64 Bcf per day.
Unconventional Gas Supply and Costs
Significant differences exist between conventional and unconventional natural gas in terms of the unique geology,
technology, and productivity of each. But technically there is very little difference between most shale and tight
sands formations. Many plays contain both types of formations, and the designation of a particular play as a shale
or a tight sand play is usually the result of geologists’ consensus based on the predominant rock characteristics
(portions of a play can vary from shale-dominant to tight sands-dominant by depth or geographical location). Once
designated a shale play, all gas production from that play is considered shale gas, even though it may have come
from a sandstone formation within the larger play. Similarly, all natural gas produced from a tight sands play is considered to be tight sands gas, even though it may have originated in shale rock within the tight sands play.
Well productivity and costs are roughly similar for the two types of unconventional gas. Differences in production
cost are driven by the characteristics and complexities of individual plays or well requirements rather than by the
play’s designation as shale or tight sands. In comparison to conventional gas, production per well for all types of
unconventional gas is usually much higher, which drives down their unit costs of production. This also demonstrates that the availability of other unconventional gas reinforces the price and supply effects of the shale-gas revolution discussed in the previous report:
IHS
D-7
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Because so much unconventional gas resource is available at a low cost, the supply curve for natural gas has become relatively elastic. In other words, the US natural gas resource base can now accommodate significant increases in demand without requiring a higher price to elicit new supply7.
There is one significant difference between tight sands gas and shale gas in the US lower 48, however. The estimated recoverable resource base for tight sands gas is much less than for shale gas, and the outlook for growth
in tight sands gas production is below that of shale gas.
An IHS CERA study published in February 2010, “Fueling North America’s Energy Future,” examined nine tight
sands gas plays and six shale plays in the US lower 48 and estimated the recoverable resource in each play. The
tight sands gas plays—the Cotton Valley, Bossier, Deep Bossier, Colony Wash, Granite Wash, Piceance, Jonah,
Pinedale, and Natural Buttes—contain an estimated 200 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of recoverable resources. In contrast, shale gas resources were estimated to be more than 1,100 Tcf in the US lower 48. The February study did
not estimate CBM resources, but the Potential Gas Committee at the Colorado School of Mines put CBM resources in the US lower 48 at 101 Tcf.
Major Unconventional Gas Plays in North America
7 IHS Global Insight, "The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas in the United States", December 2011, p. 8.
D-8
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Tight sands have played a significant role in the US gas supply picture for many years.
According to the US Energy Information Administration, tight
sands gas production peaked
in 2008 at more than 18 Bcf
per day, accounting for more
than half of US lower 48 gas
supply. IHS CERA expects
tight sands gas to continue to
provide substantial volumes in
the future, though it is unlikely
to exhibit the rapid growth expected from shale gas plays.
CBM supply has grown from
about 1 Bcf per day in the
1990s to 5 Bcf today and is
unlikely to increase further.
U S L o w e r 4 8 N a t u r a l G a s P r o d u c t i v e C a p a c i t y O u t l o o k b y T y p e: 2010 to 2035
Bcf per Day
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010
Shale
2015
Tight Sands
2020
CBM
2025
2030
Conventional
2035
Associated
Source: EIA, IHS CERA
IHS
D-9
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
3. Outlook for Production and Capital Expenditures for Other
Unconventional Gas
IHS CERA's outlook for other unconventional gas in the US lower 48 comprises production from 23 tight gas plays
and sub-plays and 14 coal bed methane plays. The 37 other unconventional gas plays considered for this analysis are:
Unconventional Gas Plays
Play Type
Geographic Extent of Play*
Big Sandy
Tight Sand
Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia
Trenton-Black River
Tight Sand
Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Virginia, West Virginia
Cotton Valley
Tight Sand
Louisiana
Vernon/Terryville
Tight Sand
Louisiana
E. Cotton Valley
Tight Sand
Texas
W. Cotton Valley
Tight Sand
Texas
Deep Bossier (>14k feet)
Tight Sand
Texas
S Texas Wilcox (Lobo)
Tight Sand
Texas
Granite Wash
Tight Sand
Texas, Oklahoma
Sahara
Tight Sand
Oklahoma
Colony Wash
Tight Sand
Arkansas
Hartshorne
Tight Sand
Oklahoma
Haley Deep
Tight Sand
Texas
Wattenberg-Niobrara-Codell
Tight Sand
Colorado
Wamwash-Lewis MV
Tight Sand
Colorado ,Wyoming
Jonah
Tight Sand
Wyoming
Pinedale
Tight Sand
Wyoming
Mamm Creek - Williams Fork
Tight Sand
Colorado
Piceance Emerging
Tight Sand
Colorado
Lower Cretaceous-Mesozoic
Tight Sand
Colorado
Natural Buttes
Tight Sand
Utah
Buttes Deep
Tight Sand
Utah
Lance
Tight Sand
Wyoming
Coal Bed Methane (Appalachian, avg)
Coal Bed Methane
Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia
CBM (Black Warrior - Pottsville)
Coal Bed Methane
Alabama
CBM (Arkoma - Hartshorne)
Coal Bed Methane
Oklahoma
CBM (Chatauqua)
Coal Bed Methane
Oklahoma
CBM (Cherokee)
Coal Bed Methane
Kansas
CBM (E. Green River)
Coal Bed Methane
Wyoming
Las Vegas (LV Raton)
Coal Bed Methane
Colorado, New Mexico
CBM (Piceance)
Coal Bed Methane
Colorado
Big George (Powder River)
Coal Bed Methane
Wyoming, Montana
Wyodak (Powder River)
Coal Bed Methane
Wyoming, Montana
Canyon (Powder River)
Coal Bed Methane
Wyoming, Montana
Anderson (Powder River)
Coal Bed Methane
Wyoming, Montana
Other Coal (Powder River)
Coal Bed Methane
Wyoming, Montana
CBM (Uinta)
Coal Bed Methane
Utah
Fruitland (San Juan)
Coal Bed Methane
New Mexico, Colorado
*The list of gas plays provides the state location or locations of the full extent of the underground gas play. However, states containing part of a play do not
necessarily have production from that play. For example, the Marcellus play extends into Virginia and Kentucky, but no extractions of Marcellus gas take
place in those states at present or in the outlook for this study. This study also assumes that no Marcellus production is forthcoming from New York.
D-10
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
The Process of Natural Gas Development
Gas produced from conventional and unconventional sources are virtually identical in the fundamental aspects of
their exploration, development, production, transportation, processing, and marketing. In terms of well construction, however, unconventional wells tend to be more capital intensive due to the more difficult drilling requirements
for long horizontal wellbores and due to the far greater complexity of well completion, which requires multi-stage
hydraulic fractures during the production start-up stage.
Prospecting and Exploration
Numerous geological evaluations, seismic surveys, pilot drilling and testing, and land acquisitions are required to
determine whether a gas field has the potential for commercial development. Once an operator has acquired a
prospective lease for mineral rights, the producer is typically bound to drill and/or produce in the time period specified by the lease and stands to forfeit leasing rights if the deadline is not met or an extension is not negotiated. Lease
terms are typically three to five years, and the effective date of the lease starts the clock on well construction. Development plans are formulated with an eye toward minimizing environmental and other local disturbances and
ensuring all necessary permits are secured.
Well Construction
Well construction starts with detailed planning of the location of a well, both at the surface and for the trajectory
and target below ground. Once a well location has been surveyed and staked out, and a drilling permit has been
granted by the state and/or local regulatory authorities (or by federal authorities if on federal land), the site is prepared for drilling. Surface preparation is performed to ensure even, stable ground on which a rig can stand erect
and operate. Tie-in lines are laid from the well site to the nearest gathering and sales pipeline.
Drilling
A drilling rig penetrates the ground by
means of a rotating drill bit attached to the
bottom of a steel pipe, known as the drill
string. Often, a specialized “mud” is continuously pumped down the drill string and
up the wellbore in order to keep the drill
bit cool and lift rock cuttings away from
the bit and up to the surface. As drilling
progresses, steel sleeves, also known as
casing, are lowered and cemented in
place, starting at the surface and moving
downward, to isolate the wellbore from
the adjacent formations. After drilling the
vertical segment, the drill bit is directed to
“kick off” in an arc until it reaches a target
horizontal trajectory, where it continues
with a lateral segment to a designed
length, often 5,000-10,000 feet.
Completion
Well completion is the process of preparing a well, after drilling, to begin production. Completion steps include installation
of the remainder of the casing, followed
by perforation. To draw the natural gas
IHS
D-11
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
from the source rock up through the well, the steel and cement barriers in the wellbore are perforated within the
targeted zone only, creating holes in the well through which the gas will flow. Perforation is accomplished by means
of controlled explosive charges set off at the correct position in the wellbore and mounted in specially designed
“guns.” Once the casing is perforated, the target zone area accessed by the well is ready to be hydraulically fractured. Pumps inject large volumes of water down the well bore, under very high pressure. The pressure from the
pumps is propagated by the fluid coursing down the wellbore and against the reservoir rock, creating fractures in
the geologic matrix. The water contains small quantities of additives and sand, which remain in the fractures to prop
them open. Natural gas then migrates into the fractures, travels along the fractures to the wellbore, up the wellbore
to the surface wellhead, and on to gathering facilities leading to processing plans and then to sales and marketing
pipelines.
A well is typically hydraulically fractured in several stages, from 10 to as many as 25 stages per well. This technique
exposes only a small horizontal segment at a time to fracturing fluids and pressure, increasing the intensity of hydraulic fracturing in each segment. Fractured stages are separated by cement plugs drilled out after the last stage
is hydraulically fractured. During drill-out, the plugs, plug debris and excessive fluid and sand left in the wellbore
can be cleaned out. This may be done using a lighter rig called a workover rig or a coiled tubing unit.
Once plug drill-out and wellbore cleanup are complete, the well is ready for flowback. In most cases, the reservoir
pressure, along with compressed gas and the stored energy from the fracturing fluids pumped in, is adequate to
push up against the column of fluid in the wellbore and progressively “clean up” the well. Water flowing up and out
of the wellbore is directed through surface flow lines to a collection or gathering point where any gas can be separated out. A water pipeline system or water disposal trucks periodically haul away collected flowback water to designated sites for recycling, injection into dedicated disposal wells, or other means of disposal that meet
environmental requirements.
Production
After completion, production goes into full swing. Local production tie-in lines lead to compression stations located
in the production area. Excess water that is mingled with gas—a byproduct of production—is stripped out of the
gas by means of dehydrators, and this “cleaner” gas is transported through a network of gathering pipelines that
continually collect gas from various leases and feed it to processing plants. Gas processing plants extract natural
gas liquids such as ethane, propane, butane, isobutene, and pentane for sale in their respective markets. The processing plants also extract contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen contained in the
natural gas itself. Dry gas then enters a pipeline for delivery to end markets such as power plants or urban distribution networks.
Estimating Production Profiles for Other Unconventional Gas Plays
Estimating the outlook for production profiles for other unconventional gas plays follows the same procedure as for
the shale plays discussed in the previous report. Production forecasts were developed based on detailed analyses
of each play. These analyses used IHS energy databases and internal research and also considered variables such
as rig counts, number of days required to drill a well, total area available to be developed, well spacing, and expected decline rates (see Appendix A).
The outlook scenarios for other unconventional gas were constrained to be consistent with IHS CERA’s forecasts
of natural gas demand, price, and pipeline infrastructure requirements as reported in our “North American Natural
Gas Market Briefing” in September 2011. This assessment shows that other unconventional gas production is expected to grow slowly, from 5.5 Tcf in 2010 to 5.9 Tcf in 2035, as its share of total gas production declines from
26 percent in 2010 to 19 percent by 20358.
8 Note, however, that total production will continue to increase, albeit slightly, even as drilling declines due to the continued output by wells
drilled in previous years.
D-12
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US Lower 48 Annual Natural Gas Production and Well Completions: Other Unconventional Gas* vs. Total Gas
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
5,512,297,522
5,528,478,777
5,458,495,669
5,572,393,935
5,704,099,381
5,925,977,626
3,919,979,770
4,189,135,644
4,345,136,944
4,567,079,807
4,744,306,084
4,968,805,590
1,592,317,752
1,339,343,133
1,113,358,725
1,005,314,129
959,793,297
957,172,036
21,229,024,284 23,276,996,872
26,000,032,080
27,769,207,506
29,114,085,717
31,263,775,082
PRODUCTION
Other Uncon. Gas (Mcf)
Tight Sands
Coal Bed Methane
Total Gas (Mcf)
Other Uncon. Share of
Total
26%
24%
21%
20%
20%
19%
1,597
2,356
2,587
2,318
2,234
2,198
1,163
1,899
1,925
1,683
1,623
1,599
434
457
662
635
611
600
17,858
18,344
19,532
17,355
16,213
16,224
9%
13%
13%
13%
14%
14%
4.38
4.77
4.57
4.84
4.91
5.15
WELL COMPLETIONS
Other Uncon. Gas
Tight Sands
Coal Bed Methane
Total Gas
Other Unconventional
Share of Total
Henry Hub Price
(Constant 2010 $US per MMBtu)
Source: IHS CERA and EIA
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
Drilling Costs and Expenditures
An unconventional gas well in a shale or tight sand target can cost anywhere between $3.5 million and $12 million
to drill and prepare for production, while a well targeting CBM costs less than $1.5 million. Well costs depend on
several physical factors, including the vertical depth of the gas reservoir, length of the lateral pipe, reservoir pressure, rock characteristics, number of fracture stages, as well as commercial factors such as ease of access to materials and services, and the price and supply of water, fluid, sand, drilling and completion services. Capital
expenditures are categorized in this study by lease acquisitions, drilling, completion, facilities, gathering, processing, and compression. In addition, the development of a major play requires additional pipeline capacity to get the
gas to market.
IHS CERA estimated the costs associated with the production outlook for other unconventional gas based on data
and analysis from IHS databases and proprietary models (these are discussed further in Appendix A). This analysis
found that nearly $1.3 trillion in capital expenditures will take place between 2010 and 2035 for other unconventional
gas development. These expenditures will clearly have a significant economic impact, in terms of jobs creation, value
added to GDP, labor income, and tax revenues. These effects are discussed in the following sections.
IHS
D-13
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US Annual Capital Expenditure by Type: Other Unconventional Gas*
($M)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Total
2010-2035**
7,046
13,278
17,281
20,708
23,615
26,837
476,363
Drilling
4,721
8,896
11,578
13,874
15,822
17,981
319,163
Support Services
2,325
4,382
5,703
6,834
7,793
8,856
157,200
Drilling Capital Expenditure
Completion Capital Expenditure
8,807
16,597
21,601
25,885
29,519
33,547
595,454
Hydraulic Fracturing
7,046
13,278
17,281
20,708
23,615
26,837
476,363
Other
1,761
3,319
4,320
5,177
5,904
6,709
119,091
Facilities Capital Expenditure
Material
Fabricaton
Project Management
Other
TOTAL Upstream Capital Expenditure
Infrastructure Capital Expenditure
Gathering and Processing
TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
1,761
3,319
4,320
5,177
5,904
6,709
119,091
1,057
1,992
2,592
3,106
3,542
4,026
71,454
440
830
1,080
1,294
1,476
1,677
29,773
88
166
216
259
295
335
5,955
176
332
432
518
590
671
11,909
17,614
33,195
43,202
51,770
59,037
67,093
1,190,908
1,630
2,903
3,890
4,659
5,307
6,010
106,605
1,630
2,903
3,890
4,659
5,307
6,010
106,605
19,244
36,097
47,092
56,429
64,344
73,104
1,297,513
Source: IHS CERA
NOTES: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
**Total 2010-2035 represents the total for all years including those years not reported.
D-14
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
4. Economic Contribution Assessment
Approach and Methodology
How to Define the Economic Contribution
The objective of measuring the economic contribution of future production of other unconventional gas—or any economic activity—is to capture all of the multitude of that activity’s effects on the broader US economy. First, this analysis requires an integration of the capital expenditure forecast and the natural gas production forecast presented in
Section 3 into the IMPLAN and IHS Global Insight’s proprietary macroeconomic modeling systems. Such a framework and forecasts form the foundation for any economic contribution assessment.
A second step in an economic contribution assessment is an assessment of each individual component of commercial activity within an industry and, equally important, its impacts on other industries—in this study, these are
the diverse suppliers required for other unconventional gas activity. To estimate the net impact of other unconventional gas activity as it feeds these complex commercial interactions, economic activity was divided into three
stages: the “direct,” “indirect” and “induced” contributions on the broader economy. The direct, indirect and induced
contributions are defined as follows:
•
The directt conttributtion is the effect of other unconventional gas development and production on output, employment, and income. For example, direct impacts are generated by the exploration, production, transport,
and delivery of unconventional gas and by purchases of critical on-site services. Spending and investments in
these activities also have a direct impact on production levels, the number of workers employed, and how
much those workers are paid and otherwise compensated—these are the direct contributions to US economic
activity.
•
Changes in the direct purchasing activities as a result of other unconventional gas production also create indirectt conttributtionss, which are felt by all of the suppliers. Changes in demand (from the direct industries) lead
to corresponding changes in output, employment, and income throughout the supply chains, as well as supplier’s interindustry linkages. Suppliers who support other unconventional gas activity affected by such changes
span the majority of industries in the US economy.
•
Finally, workers and their families in both the direct and indirect industries spend their income on food, housing, leisure, autos, household items, clothing, and other consumer goods. The additional output, employment,
and other income effects that result from these consumer spending activities are categorized as the induced
conttributtion.
Modeling the Economic Contribution
The approach used for assessing the economic contribution of other unconventional gas follows the same logic
and process explained in the previous report, “The Economic and Employment Contributions of Shale Gas Industry in United States.” Each of the three distinct levels of economic contribution—direct, indirect, and induced—were
quantified in terms of their contribution on employment, value added to GDP, and labor income. Estimates of federal, state, and local tax revenues were also calculated to assess the contribution on the public sector.
The outlooks for US production and capital expenditures for other unconventional gas were developed in the same
fashion as in the shale gas analysis. The production profile was compiled from expected production of other unconventional gas for each year of the forecast time horizon, 2010 through 2035. Similarly, the capital expenditure
profile was estimated using the anticipated annual investment in drilling, completion, facilities, and infrastructure.
The production and capital outlooks were developed in nominal US dollars to capture the effects of price and quantity increases.
IHS Global Insight then used the capital expenditure outlook to modify and customize the production function for
unconventional gas. The process used to transform the subcategories of capital expenditures into a set of sector-
IHS
D-15
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
level transactions for industry investments, purchases and services was the same as the process applied in the shale
gas report. This focused approach provided an appropriate set of capital expenditure estimates for other unconventional gas activity, which was then used to exercise the IMPLAN model (a detailed explanation and table in Appendix C of the shale gas industry report exhibits the industry model sectors for each of the broad capital
expenditure categories).
The modeling process used was the same as for the shale gas industry analysis: the IMPLAN model quantified the
direct and indirect contributions of other unconventional gas activity, and the US Macroeconomic model enhanced
IMPLAN’s standard methodology by measuring the induced economic contribution.
Measuring the Economic Contributions
Similar to the report on the shale gas industry’s economic contribution, IHS’ US macroeconomic forecast provided
the baseline upon which to evaluate and assess the contributions to economic growth and tax revenues of other
unconventional gas over the next 25 years.
The findings of our study indicate that other unconventional gas production will undergo a strong initial expansion
during the initial 10 years of the forecast period, followed by a slower and flatter growth path toward the middle and
end of the 25-year forecast period. The initial ramp up of investment and production will trigger economic ripples
that will make a positive contribution to the growth of the US economy. The growth in investment and production
will moderate after the first decade but will continue to generate more modest economic and employment contributions.
This section presents snapshots of the economic contribution of other unconventional gas activity in five-year increments, from 2010 to 2035. As in the companion report, we present a summary of the economic contribution in
four key dimensions: employment, value added to GDP, labor income, and government tax revenues.
For the contribution on employment, value added to GDP, labor income and tax revenues, we show the results in
two ways: the contribution of “other” unconventional gas activity on the economy and the contribution of “total” unconventional gas activity, which includes the previously reported contribution of shale gas. For the contribution on
value added to GDP per employee and labor income per employee, we show results only for other unconventional
gas.
US Economic Contribution Summary: Other Unconventional Gas*
Employment
(Number of workers)
Direct
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
89,824
135,781
154,752
159,234
156,665
179,063
Indirect
133,289
196,297
223,936
230,063
226,179
259,704
Induced
184,195
261,687
292,746
300,280
295,130
340,021
407,30
593,765
671,434
689,577
677,974
778,787
Total
Value Added
($M)
D-16
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Direct
22,822
29,944
32,135
32,827
32,236
37,477
Indirect
15,885
22,940
25,940
26,625
26,170
30,112
Induced
17,818
25,418
28,486
29,225
28,725
33,079
Total
56,525
78,302
86,561
88,677
87,131
100,667
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
US Economic Contribution Summary: Other Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
Labor Income
($M)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
10,315
14,302
15,749
16,137
15,858
18,308
Indirect
9,286
13,628
15,533
15,955
15,685
18,019
Induced
10,062
14,354
16,086
16,503
16,221
18,680
Total
29,662
42,284
47,368
48,595
47,764
55,007
Direct
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
US Economic Contribution Summary: Total Unconventional Gas*
Employment
(Number of workers)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Direct
237,968
333,780
403,473
400,959
435,046
539,398
Indirect
326,999
479,487
583,817
598,495
644,444
806,810
Induced
Total
443,690
650,182
797,484
812,501
871,325
1,092,669
1,008,657
1,463,449
1,794,775
1,811,954
1,950,815
2,438,877
Value Added
($M)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Direct
52,004
77,007
93,261
97,518
103,505
130,52
Indirect
38,301
56,441
69,779
70,793
76,021
95,346
Induced
43,101
63,069
77,363
78,706
84,456
105,862
133,405
196,516
240,403
247,017
263,982
331,728
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Direct
24,755
36,028
43,717
44,834
47,974
60,162
Indirect
22,633
33,309
41,307
41,695
44,865
56,212
Induced
24,339
35,615
43,687
44,445
47,692
59,780
Total
71,727
104,951
128,711
130,974
140,531
176,154
Total
Labor Income
($M)
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
Employment Contribution
IHS Global Insight estimates that other unconventional gas activity contributed more than 407,000 jobs in 2010.
That will surge to 594,000 by 2015 and to 779,000 by 2035. A 7.8 percent annual growth rate]] during the early
years of the forecast horizon will result from large capital investments in gas development that will spread throughout the broader US economy.
In contrast to the shale gas industry, which exhibits a prolonged expansion that will boost the economy over the
25-year forecast, other unconventional gas activity shows a stronger ramp up during the initial decade, followed
by slower growth in 2020 through 2035, which will nevertheless provide a stable contribution to the US economy.
IHS
D-17
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
This initial surge in direct economic activity in the mining, construction, and manufacturing industries will require support from the other unconventional gas supplier chain, which will generate jobs and incomes for workers, thereby
inducing impacts in manufacturing and services jobs, as well as retail and wholesale trade. The fact that a limited
number of jobs will be in the mining sector (where natural gas extraction jobs are categorized) illustrates that the
disproportionate contribution of this industry extends far beyond the industry itself (additional industry-level detail
is provided in Appendix B).
Value Added to GDP and Labor Income Contributions
The often cited US GDP is simply the summation of value added across all products and services produced in the
United States. GDP is generally considered the broadest measure of the health of the US economy. Value added
is the difference between the production cost of the products or services and the sales price (in other words, total
value added is revenue less purchases of material and services). Thus, assessing the value added contribution of
other unconventional gas activity demonstrates the vital role it plays in the overall US economy.
Also discussed in the December 2011 report on
shale gas, a common measure of the relative
contribution of an industry to the overall economy
is the value added per worker. The higher the
ratio, the greater the contribution to GDP made
by each worker. In 2010, the average employee
who participates directly in production of other
unconventional gas contributed just over
$254,000. The contribution stays high, at nearly
$221,000 in 2015 and just about $210,000 in
2035 due to the ongoing flow of capital expenditures associated with unconventional gas development. This contribution is dramatically higher
than for the average workers in the US economy
overall: the national average “value added” per
employee in 2010 was $112,000 and is projected
to be $118,000 in 2015. The higher value added
nature of the jobs attributable to this sector indicates this sector is a potential growth engine of
the US economy over the forecast period. Note
that there is a modest downward trend in direct
value added and labor income per employee.
This is due to a small shift in the mix of capital expenditures over the period from more labor intensive activity to less labor intensive activity.
Government Revenues and Taxes
An Economic Growth Engine
In 2010, the average direct employee in the other unconventional gas industry contributed $254,000 in "value added"
contributions to the US economy. By 2015, this contribution
will continue to outpace economy-wide growth. The relatively
higher average "value added" nature of the jobs attributable
to this sector indicates this sector is a potential growth engine of the US economy over the forecast period.
US Contribution Per Employee: Other Unconventional Gas*
Value Added
($)
Direct
Indirect
Induced
Total
2010
2015
2035
254,073
119,178
96,734
138,777
220,531
116,862
97,133
131,873
209,295
115,946
97,284
129,262
2010
114,833
69,666
54,625
72,825
2015
105,334
69,425
54,851
71,213
2035
102,246
69,382
54,937
70,631
Labor Income
($)
Direct
Indirect
Induced
Total
Source: IHS Global Insight
Increased commercial activity associated with NOTES: Figures in the table are average ratios by category and are not intended to
sum to the total.
other unconventional gas will increase govern*Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed
ment taxes paid by natural gas and oil producmethane.
ers, their employees, and the extensive supply
chain and ancillary industries. As depicted in the table below, IHS Global Insight estimates that annual government
revenues from other unconventional gas activity will be just over $15 billion in 2010 alone, comprising nearly half
of the taxes paid as a result of commercial activity associated with total unconventional gas. Taxes paid as a result
of activity associated with other unconventional gas will rise to nearly $23 billion in 2020 and just about $28 billion
D-18
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
by 2035; it will become a smaller share of unconventional gas total payments as tax payments resulting from shale
gas activity increase due to rapid growth.
With respect to the federal royalty payments, it should be noted that the share of federal government land leased
by the operators for other unconventional gas activity is greater than for shale gas. Between 32 percent and 40 percent of other unconventional gas production is subject to federal royalty payments; in dollar terms, they were about
$700 million in 2010 and will grow to $952 million in 2020 and to $1.5 billion in 2035. Royalty payments to the federal government also indirectly support state budgets, which will benefit based on each state’s participation in the
production of natural gas on federal land and offshore areas.
Other unconventional gas producers also pay lease payments to private landowners, which were forecast to reach
$239 million in 2015 and more than $484 million by 2035. While these payments were considered for their impact
on government revenues, they were excluded in IHS Global Insight’s estimates of economic impacts.
Contribution to US Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Other Unconventional Gas*
($M)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2010-2035
6,888
9,733
10,862
11,138
10,946
12,619
262,165
Personal Taxes
5,266
7,557
8,494
8,717
8,568
9,861
204,498
Corporate Taxes
1,623
2,176
2,368
2,421
2,378
2,758
57,667
7,597
10,121
10,897
11,608
11,930
13,690
276,003
Federal Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
906
1,292
1,448
1,486
1,460
1,681
34,897
Corporate Taxes
4,568
6,126
6,665
6,816
6,695
7,763
162,342
Severance Taxes
1,403
1,728
1,749
2,038
2,293
2,566
48,956
720
975
1,036
1,269
1,482
1,679
29,808
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Government Revenue
Lease Payments to Private Landowners
700
916
952
1,159
1,359
1,539
27,524
15,185
20,770
22,711
23,906
24,236
27,847
565,692
127
239
311
372
425
484
8,263
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
Contribution to US Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Total Unconventional Gas*
($M)
Federal Taxes
Personal Taxes
Corporate Taxes
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2010-2035
16,509
24,231
29,712
30,329
32,499
40,776
727,067
12,779
18,699
22,966
23,321
25,043
31,382
560,548
3,731
5,533
6,746
7,008
7,455
9,394
166,519
16,422
23,948
28,829
31,068
33,952
42,226
735,607
Personal Taxes
2,191
3,206
3,933
4,001
4,293
5,381
96,093
Corporate Taxes
10,540
15,586
18,978
19,707
20,971
26,411
468,584
Severance Taxes
2,578
3,555
4,078
5,038
5,927
7,136
117,277
Ad Valorem Taxes
1,112
1,601
1,841
2,323
2,761
3,298
53,653
861
1,155
1,245
1,522
1,799
2,122
36,057
33,792
49,335
59,786
62,918
68,250
85,123
1,498,731
306
525
741
825
1,049
1,325
19,777
State and Local Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Government Revenue
Lease Payments to Private Landowners
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-19
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
5. Conclusion
The same technologies that have expanded the development of the nation’s shale gas fields have led to the development of other, non-shale types of unconventional gas. This study forecasts steady production of other unconventional gas—tight sands and CBM—during the next 25 years and the economic benefits of this growth throughout
the US economy. IHS Global Insight has found that these benefits include increases in investment, more job opportunities, and higher economic productivity.
In 2010, unconventional gas activity (shale and other) represented 53 percent of US natural gas production. By
2035, the unconventional gas share of total natural production will be 79 percent. The industry’s increased importance to the economy will be driven by strong growth in shale gas production, but it will be supported by a stable
foundation of other unconventional gas production.
The following is an inventory of the economic and government revenue contributions resulting from the continued
development of other unconventional gas:
•
A total of $1.3 trillion in capital investments are expected during the 25-year period 2010 through 2035.
•
In 2010, other unconventional gas activity supported 407,000 jobs; by 2015 this will grow to nearly 594,000
and, by 2035, to nearly 779,000. Given that overall unconventional gas activity supported more than 1 million
jobs in 2010, 1.5 million jobs in 2015, and 2.4 million jobs in 2035, other unconventional gas represents 40 percent, 41 percent, and 32 percent of the overall unconventional gas industry’s employment contributions respectively over the forecast horizon.
•
The other unconventional gas contribution to GDP exceeded $57 billion in 2010. This will surge to $78 billion
by 2015 and to $101 billion in 2035.
•
In 2010, other unconventional gas production added just over $15 billion in government tax receipts, and this
will approach $28 billion in 2035. Over the entire 25-year forecast period, other unconventional gas will generate nearly $566 billion in government tax revenues.
At a time that the US economy is struggling to pull out of the Great Recession and create enough jobs to reduce
the high US unemployment rate, a thriving natural gas industry based on strong production of other unconventional
sources of gas will be a contributor to future employment prospects and the health of the US economy.
D-20
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Appendix A. Future Production and Capital Expenditure Outlook:
Other Unconventional Gas
IHS CERA’s estimates for production outlooks for non-shale, or “other,” unconventional gas plays, shown in detail
in this appendix, followed the same procedure as for the shale plays discussed in the previous report. Play-level
production profiles and well construction costs were developed from IHS CERA’s proprietary databases and internal research. Estimates of play-level productive capacity were constrained to ensure consistency with IHS CERA’s
outlook for natural gas demand, price, and infrastructure as reported in its September 2011 report, “North American Natural Gas Market Briefing.”
Production Profiles
The variables used to derive production profiles for each play were obtained from IHS databases and internal research. These variables include:
1. Rig count (including ramp up, maximum rigs, time at plateau, ramp down)
2. Number of days to drill a well
3. Type curves showing production decline rates over time
4. Acreage (total area to be developed)
5. Well spacing
6. Likelihood of geologic success.
The number of possible locations to be developed was derived from the last three items. Type curves were derived
for each play using the IHS databases (Enerdeq, Power Tools, and ArcGIS) and are based on actual well data. The
three driving variables in a type curve are initial production, estimated ultimate recovery per well, and the rate of decline of the well.
Number of days to drill a well (including mobilization and demobilization of the rigs) was obtained from well data
available in IHS databases. IHS CERA developed rig forecasts for each play based on historic rig counts and rig
counts for 2011, as well as per-well economics of each individual play.
Well Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures associated with unconventional gas depend on well costs, which were estimated using IHS
CERA proprietary databases. Well capital expenditures were divided into the following three main categories, each
of which was further subdivided as detailed below:
Drilling
Completions
Facilities
40%
50%
10%
Drilling Capital Expenditure was further subdivided into the following categories:
Steel
Consumables
Rigs
Site Preparation
Cement
Rig Labor
Other*
IHS
21%
21%
21%
12%
9%
7%
9%
Lining, casing, tubing
Bits, rig consumables (mud etc.)
Rig rental
Rig crew
D-21
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
* Other” drilling capital expenditures are further divided into the following subcategories:
Insurance
Land Lease
Finding and Development
(including seismic)
Other Drilling Contingencies
40%
20%
20%
20%
Completions capital expenditures were further subdivided into the following categories:
Hydraulic Fracturing Materials
Hydraulic Fracturing Rentals*
Equipment
Labor
Hydraulic Fracturing Other
Other
38%
25%
15%
8%
5%
9%
Proppants, fluids
Equipment, rig rentals
Xmas trees, well heads, sleeves, packers
Well testing crew
Generators, catering, onsite containers
Contingency and insurance
*Hydraulic fracturing related rentals are further divided into the following subcategories:
Equipment
Labor
80%
20%
Facilities capital expenditures were further subdivided into the following categories:
Materials and Equipment
Fabrication
Project Management
Other*
60%
25%
5%
10%
Fuel, insurance, permits etc.
Capital expenditures for mid-stream gathering infrastructure were assumed to be $500,000 per well and this includes capital for separators, dehydrators, headers and flares, battery compression, and main compression. It was
assumed that 12 wells were drilled per pad with battery compression and that 10 batteries were connected to
each main compression with additional pipelines to the central processing facility. Gathering lines of 1.5 miles of 8
inch diameter were assumed from the well pad to main compression, with another 10 miles of 12-inch diameter
lines to the central processing at the tie in to the interstate pipeline system.
This midstream capital expenditure is broken down as follows, on a per-well basis:
Component
D-22
Cost/Well
Allocation
Assumptions
Separators/dehydrators/motor
control center/headers & flares
$28,000
5.6%
Battery compression
$219,000
43.8%
Based on compression costs of $2,189/installed hp
and 100 hp/mmcf/d of production, average production
of 1 mmcf/d/well
Main compression
$109,000
21.8%
Based on compression costs of $2,189/installed hp
and 50 hp/mmcf/d of production
Pipelines
$54,000
10.8%
Gathering lines of 8'' (@ $201k/mi) for 1.5 miles from
pad to central compression and 12'' (@ $241k/mi) for
10 miles to gas processing plant
Processing
$90,000
18.0%
$8.9 MM per plant
Total
$500,000
100%
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
All capital costs were escalated using a normalized version of the Upstream Capital Costs Index developed by IHS
CERA to reflect projected cost increases for the inputs to oil and gas development.
North American Modeling Methodology and Process Description
IHS CERA developed the outlook in this study for the US natural gas market using its Integrated Modeling System.
This approach was required in order to assess the production outlook in the context of overall market supply and
demand. In other words, when potential supply greatly exceeds demand, as is the case today, simply having the
capability to understand the geologic potential of the various natural gas plays is insufficient to predict production
capacity. A prediction of operator behavior must be tested against what the market can bear using system-wide
modeling of the entire North American market, which refers to the integrated markets in the United States, Canada,
and Mexico.
IHS CERA’s Integrated Modeling System for North America employs a number of analytical models: the AURORA™
power market simulation model and the Gas Pipeline Competition Model (GPCM™), both using proprietary IHS
CERA inputs; as well as our expert analysis of environmental policies and markets. IHS CERA also incorporates its
upstream and downstream oil analytical frameworks. These models and analyses are used as a basis for IHS
CERA’s own gas, power and oil services, and they are regularly maintained by a team of qualified researchers.
Power Market Module
IHS CERA Capacity
Expansion Model
Electric sector
coal demand
forecast
AURORATM
IHS CERA
Scenarios
Database
Electric sector
natural gas
demand forecast
IHS CERA
Productive
Capacity
Oil price
Model
forecast
IHS CERA Capacity
Price Model
IHS CERA Coal
Market Analysis
IHS CERA Emissions
Market Analysis
Emissions permit
price forecast,
coal price forecast
IHS CERA
IHS Global Insight
Power Demand
Macroeconomic
Natural gas
Model
Regional
Outlook
price forecast
Economic Growth
Natural Gas Market Module
GPCMTM
IHS CERA
Gas Market
Database
Regional
Economic Growth
IHS CERA
Gas Demand
Model
LNG price forecast
IHS CERA
Global Oil
Outlook
Oil price forecast
IHS CERA
Global LNG
Outlook
North American Gas Modeling Methodology
IHS CERA’s natural gas projections are developed based upon several detailed analytical models as well as judgments formed by IHS CERA’s research. The projections cover the integrated North America market.
Natural gas supply estimates are stated in terms of productive capacity at the wellhead, as opposed to production. These estimates are developed at a play level. The basic approach is to assess the geologic potential of the
producing area, projects known to be under development, the potential results of new development activity, and
anticipated changes in the investment behavior of major producers. Assessments of geological potential take into
consideration both oil and gas reserves. New development activity is projected by using trends in initial production
rates, decline rates, and reserve amounts associated with each completion. The investment behavior of major producers is a major factor in the projection of productive capacity. IHS CERA estimates this effect based on its conversations with various companies as well as on its observations of behavior by the same companies.
IHS
D-23
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
The methodology IHS CERA employs to develop its supply forecast has been enhanced by its completion of several multi-client studies including: “Diminishing Returns: The Cost of North American Gas Supply in an Unconventional Era” (February 2007); “Rising to the Challenge” (February 2009); “Fueling North America’s Energy Future”
(January 2010); and “Cream of the Crop” (February 2010). These studies made extensive use of the IHS well and
production database to develop an understanding of the resource base and cost picture for North American gas
supply. It is important to note that costs were calculated utilizing the entire IHS catalogue of North American well
and production information, rather than from a subset of wells or from a collection of publications. Selected thirdparty rig and cost information was purchased to augment the IHS databases. Finally, IHS CERA made several
benchmarking efforts to check calculated estimates. The result is a productive capacity outlook for 284 individual
plays, which were then consolidated into 130 basins or sub-basins. The analysis has produced, among other insights, a detailed understanding of initial production rates and decline curves by play, and is used to estimate rig
activity on a localized basis.
IHS CERA’s North American Natural Gas and Global LNG groups develop the LNG import outlook jointly within the
context of a global supply/demand balance for LNG. These projections take into consideration price, regulatory hurdles, and conditions in the global LNG market that may impose constraints on LNG import levels.
Residential and commercial demand is forecast based on weather normalized to a rolling 15-year historical period
and then projected to the state level. The demand forecast is influenced by several other variables including GDP
growth, efficiency gains, and market penetration by gas, as opposed to other fuels.
Industrial demand is developed on a state basis by examining the economic role played by gas in key industrial sectors, as well as through regression analyses. Projections of future gas use are made based on numerous factors,
including GDP growth, projected growth by industry sector, the impact of gas prices on margins in the sector, fuel
switching potential and activity, and plant closures. In this effort, IHS CERA makes use of detailed macroeconomic
forecasts produced by IHS Global Insight.
Gas burned in the generation of electricity is estimated based on a dispatch model (Aurora) maintained by the
North American Electric Power Team. The dispatch model analyzes North American’s power industry by assessing future activity in local markets.
In certain states, such as those with large metropolitan areas or significant gas transmission constraints, demand
and supply projections are broken down geographically below the state level. This process involves allocations
that take into account historical activity levels, population trends, manufacturing employment, local seasonality,
and the addition or retirement of industrial or generation facilities.
The projected figures are reviewed on a continental basis to assess the reasonableness of the overall supply/demand balance. Upon completion of this review, one or more of the preceding steps may be revisited. Detailed
analysis follows satisfactory balancing of the continental aggregates.
The allocated state level detail is loaded into the RBAC’s GPCM™ (Gas Pipeline Competition Model) system. The
GPCM™ system, developed in 1997, has been commercially available since 1998 and is widely used in the gas
industry to assess market fundamentals, including flows and prices. A key member of IHS CERA’s North American
Natural Gas team, working with the software developer, developed the specifications for the system and generated
the original database for the GPCM™ system.
GPCM™ is a network linear programming system designed to optimize flows across complex systems such as
pipeline networks. In addition to IHS CERA’s supply and demand projections, the system requires a model of the
North American gas grid to produce results. The grid model provided by the software developer has been customized by IHS CERA based upon a variety of publicly available data, including pipeline schematics filed by interstate pipelines with the US government (now no longer publicly available), data from pipeline bulletin boards,
regulatory filings, US Energy Information Administration data, federal data on storage activity, a census of storage
facilities performed by Natural Gas Intelligence, the American Gas Association Survey of Underground Storage of
Natural Gas, IHS CERA’s assessment of discounting behavior, and conversations with industry personnel.
D-24
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
The GPCM™ system develops an equilibrium set of spot prices and flows based on the specified inputs. The objective function seeks to maximize the sum of producer and consumer surpluses less transportation costs.
IHS CERA maintains a proprietary version of supply and demand projections and an outlook for infrastructure expansions that are the product of our independent research and analysis. These projections are then entered into
IHS CERA’s customized GPCM™ database. As of June 2011, IHS CERA’s GPCM™ database included 207 North
America pipelines broken into 932 pipeline segments. The model also includes 439 storage facilities. Connecting
these elements are 3,688 nodes. Demand is modeled in 110 geographic areas for each of the four customer
classes. Supply is forecast for 275 plays throughout North America, which are then aggregated into 178 producing regions for modeling purposes. These producing regions are spread over 130 geographic locations. Model
output includes a flow and a price for each location for each month, which IHS CERA summarizes into several standard reports. However, data can be mined below the detail included in the standard reports. It is important to note
that the degree to which the model can discriminate between geographic areas in terms of price or flows is limited
by the level of detail specified for supply, demand, and infrastructure.
While several detailed models are used in the development of a projection, the results that IHS CERA ultimately reports to a client represent IHS CERA’s best judgment informed by the analysis performed, and do not necessarily
agree with model output. For example, IHS CERA may, in its judgment, adjust the output obtained to account for
market conditions that differ from those that would be obtained in a purely spot market.
The tables provided on the following pages present our estimates of other unconventional gas production and its
share of overall natural gas production in the US lower 48 states over the 2010-2035 period (Table A.1); snapshots
of US annual capital expenditures, in five-year increments, associated with other unconventional gas development
(Table A.2); and cumulative totals, over five year periods, of capital expenditures associated with other unconventional gas development (Table A.3) (please note that the sum across all of the capital expenditure columns in Table
A.3 does not match the total capital expenditure for years 2010 through 2035 in Table A.2 because Table A.2 includes an extra year (2010)).
Table A.1 US Lower 48 Annual Natural Gas Production and Well Completions: Other Unconventional Gas*
vs. Total Gas
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
5,512,297,522
5,528,478,777
5,458,495,669
5,572,393,935
5,704,099,381
5,925,977,626
3,919,979,770
4,189,135,644
4,345,136,944
4,567,079,807
4,744,306,084
4,968,805,590
1,592,317,752
1,339,343,133
1,113,358,725
1,005,314,129
959,793,297
957,172,036
21,229,024,284 23,276,996,872
26,000,032,080
27,769,207,506
29,114,085,717
31,263,775,082
PRODUCTION
Other Uncon. Gas (Mcf)
Tight Sands
Coal Bed Methane
Total Gas (Mcf)
Other Uncon. Share of
Total
26%
24%
21%
20%
20%
19%
1,597
2,356
2,587
2,318
2,234
2,198
1,163
1,899
1,925
1,683
1,623
1,599
434
457
662
635
611
600
17,858
18,344
19,532
17,355
16,213
16,224
9%
13%
13%
13%
14%
14%
4.38
4.77
4.57
4.84
4.91
5.15
WELL COMPLETIONS
Other Uncon. Gas
Tight Sands
Coal Bed Methane
Total Gas
Other Unconventional
Share of Total
Henry Hub Price
(Constant 2010 $US per MMBtu)
Source: IHS CERA and EIA
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-25
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table A.2 US Annual Capital Expenditure by Type: Other Unconventional Gas*
($M)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Total
2010-2035**
7,046
13,278
17,281
20,708
23,615
26,837
476,363
Drilling
4,721
8,896
11,578
13,874
15,822
17,981
319,163
Support Services
2,325
4,382
5,703
6,834
7,793
8,856
157,200
Drilling Capital Expenditure
Completion Capital Expenditure
8,807
16,597
21,601
25,885
29,519
33,547
595,454
Hydraulic Fracturing
7,046
13,278
17,281
20,708
23,615
26,837
476,363
Other
1,761
3,319
4,320
5,177
5,904
6,709
119,091
1,761
3,319
4,320
5,177
5,904
6,709
119,091
1,057
1,992
2,592
3,106
3,542
4,026
71,454
440
830
1,080
1,294
1,476
1,677
29,773
88
166
216
259
295
335
5,955
Facilities Capital Expenditure
Material
Fabricaton
Project Management
Other
TOTAL Upstream Capital Expenditure
Infrastructure Capital Expenditure
Gathering and Processing
TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
176
332
432
518
590
671
11,909
17,614
33,195
43,202
51,770
59,037
67,093
1,190,908
1,630
2,903
3,890
4,659
5,307
6,010
106,605
1,630
2,903
3,890
4,659
5,307
6,010
106,605
19,244
36,097
47,092
56,429
64,344
73,104
1,297,513
Source: IHS CERA
NOTES: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
**Total 2010-2035 represents the total for all years including those years not reported.
Table A.3 US Five Year Cumulative Totals of Capital Expenditure by Type: Other Unconventional Gas*
($M)
2011-2015
2016-2020
2021-2025
2026-2030
2031-2035
54,367
7,329
99,661
110,923
127,037
Drilling
36,426
51,810
66,773
74,319
85,115
Support Services
17,941
25,519
32,888
36,605
41,922
Drilling Capital Expenditure
Completion Capital Expenditure
67,958
96,661
124,577
138,654
158,797
Hydraulic Fracturing
54,367
77,329
99,661
110,923
127,037
Other
13,592
19,332
24,915
27,731
31,759
Facilities Capital Expenditure
13,592
19,332
24,915
27,731
31,759
Material
8,155
11,599
14,949
16,639
19,056
Fabricaton
3,398
4,833
6,229
6,933
7,940
680
967
1,246
1,387
1,58
1,359
1,933
2,492
2,773
3,176
135,916
193,322
249,153
277,309
317,593
11,979
17,097
22,285
25,128
28,484
Project Management
Other
TOTAL Upstream Capital Expenditure
Infrastructure Capital Expenditure
Gathering and Processing
TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
11,979
17,097
22,285
25,128
28,484
147,896
210,419
271,439
302,437
346,077
Source: IHS CERA
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
D-26
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Appendix B. Economic Contribution Assessment Detailed Tables:
Other Unconventional Gas
Appendix B contains two summary tables showing the impact on the US economy and government revenues generated by other, non-shale, unconventional gas activity. It also contains eight tables that provide the distribution of
these impacts at various levels, including industries outside of the energy industry—retail, real estate, services and
others—that are slated to benefit from growth in unconventional gas activity.
Table B.1 provides an aggregate view of our findings for other non-shale unconventional gas in five-year increments over the forecast horizon (2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035) for direct, indirect and induced contributions for the following concepts: employment, value added to US GDP, and labor income. Table B.2 provides
estimated tax revenues from non-shale unconventional gas activity for the same five-year increments from federal,
state and local sources, and separately from lease and federal royalty sources.
Tables B.3 through B.5 present the same results for other unconventional gas– employment, value added and
labor income—disaggregated by industry. Table B.3 presents estimates of employment contributions on a direct,
indirect, and induced basis, by industry, for each five-year increment from 2010 through 2035. Tables B.4 and B.5
contain estimates of value added to GDP and labor income contributions, respectively, on a similar basis, that is,
on a direct, indirect, and induced basis by industry for each five-year increment.
To provide some additional context, Appendix B also provides this data for total unconventional gas, specifically
other unconventional gas plus shale gas.
Table B.6 provides the economic contributions of total unconventional gas activity, in five-years increments from
2010 through 2035, for direct, indirect and induced contributions for the following concepts: employment, value
added to US GDP, and labor income. Table B.7 provides estimated tax revenues from total unconventional gas activity, for the same five-year increments from federal, state and local sources, and separately from lease and federal royalty sources.
Tables B.8 through B.10 present the same results for total unconventional gas– employment, value added and
labor income—disaggregated by industry. Table B.8 presents estimates of employment contributions on a direct,
indirect, and induced basis, by industry, for each five-year increment from 2010 through 2035. Tables B.9 and B.10
contain estimates of value added to GDP and labor income contributions, respectively, on a similar basis, that is,
on a direct, indirect, and induced basis by industry for each five-year increment.
IHS
D-27
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Other Unconventional Gas
Table B.1 US Economic Contribution Summary: Other Unconventional Gas*
Employment
(Number of workers)
Direct
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
89,824
135,781
154,752
159,234
156,665
179,063
Indirect
133,289
196,297
223,936
230,063
226,179
259,704
Induced
184,195
261,687
292,746
300,280
295,130
340,021
407,30
593,765
671,434
689,577
677,974
778,787
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Direct
22,822
29,944
32,135
32,827
32,236
37,477
Indirect
15,885
22,940
25,940
26,625
26,170
30,112
Induced
17,818
25,418
28,486
29,225
28,725
33,079
Total
56,525
78,302
86,561
88,677
87,131
100,667
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Total
Value Added
($M)
Labor Income
($M)
Direct
10,315
14,302
15,749
16,137
15,858
18,308
Indirect
9,286
13,628
15,533
15,955
15,685
18,019
Induced
10,062
14,354
16,086
16,503
16,221
18,680
Total
29,662
42,284
47,368
48,595
47,764
55,007
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
Table B.2 Contribution to US Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Other Unconventional Gas*
($M)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2010-2035
6,888
9,733
10,862
11,138
10,946
12,619
262,165
Personal Taxes
5,266
7,557
8,494
8,717
8,568
9,861
204,498
Corporate Taxes
1,623
2,176
2,368
2,421
2,378
2,758
57,667
7,597
10,121
10,897
11,608
11,930
13,690
276,003
906
1,292
1,448
1,486
1,460
1,681
34,897
Corporate Taxes
4,568
6,126
6,665
6,816
6,695
7,763
162,342
Severance Taxes
1,403
1,728
1,749
2,038
2,293
2,566
48,956
720
975
1,036
1,269
1,482
1,679
29,808
700
916
952
1,159
1,359
1,539
27,524
15,185
20,770
22,711
23,906
24,236
27,847
565,692
127
239
311
372
425
484
8,263
Federal Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
Ad Valorem Taxes
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Government Revenue
Lease Payments to Private Landowners
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
D-28
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.3 US Employment Contribution by Industry: Other Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
42,689
16,303
23,921
4,650
0
2,261
0
89,824
Indirect
983
3,894
11,127
20,279
12,628
11,378
71,148
1,851
133,289
Induced
4,224
483
1,803
9,923
10,247
36,889
118,150
2,478
184,195
Total
5,496
43,846
27,466
51,870
27,184
50,598
196,438
4,409
407,308
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
59,840
24,280
40,312
7,891
0
3,458
0
135,781
Indirect
1,540
5,343
13,298
31,689
19,351
17,388
104,896
2,793
196,297
Induced
6,014
687
2,561
14,112
14,563
52,375
167,852
3,522
261,687
Total
7,980
61,368
37,736
82,325
41,193
73,198
283,531
6,433
593,765
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
68,043
25,779
48,027
9,249
0
3,653
0
154,752
Indirect
1,797
5,840
13,509
36,985
22,467
20,203
119,917
3,219
223,936
Induced
6,736
770
2,865
15,794
16,295
58,573
187,772
3,942
292,746
Total
9,017
69,551
39,661
96,286
47,267
82,665
319,695
7,292
671,434
IHS
D-29
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.3 US Employment Contribution by Industry: Other Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
69,672
26,594
49,630
9,561
0
3,776
0
159,234
Indirect
1,851
5,981
13,721
38,100
23,119
20,789
123,193
3,310
230,063
Induced
6,910
789
2,938
16,202
16,715
60,078
192,605
4,043
300,280
Total
9,258
71,218
40,698
99,261
48,624
84,864
328,165
7,489
689,577
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
68,425
26,280
48,841
9,405
0
3,715
0
156,665
Indirect
1,821
5,876
13,457
37,479
22,734
20,446
121,112
3,255
226,179
Induced
6,791
776
2,888
15,924
16,428
59,048
189,301
3,974
295,130
Total
9,102
69,946
40,106
97,647
47,809
83,424
322,579
7,361
677,974
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
79,268
29,488
55,398
10,689
0
4,222
0
179,063
Indirect
2,079
6,797
15,839
42,762
26,022
23,386
139,089
3,731
259,704
Induced
7,823
894
3,327
18,344
18,926
68,033
218,095
4,578
340,021
Total
10,463
81,014
45,781
111,289
54,777
95,927
371,075
8,461
778,787
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
D-30
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.4 US Value Added Contribution by Industry: Other Unconventional Gas*
($)
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
18,271,829,931
950,560,357
2,766,792,181
596,966,723
0
235,782,618
0
22,821,931,810
Indirect
48,542,195
1,296,287,157
702,369,854
2,476,174,373
2,161,377,776
1,248,774,750
7,799,349,498
152,230,882
15,885,106,483
Induced
217,760,891
261,976,768
136,393,430
1,460,574,995
1,759,381,935
2,735,147,021
11,019,933,973
226,743,657
17,817,912,670
Total
266,303,086
19,830,093,855
1,789,323,640
6,703,541,549
4,517,726,434
3,983,921,771
19,055,066,088
378,974,539
56,524,950,963
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
22,512,982,852
1,415,701,333
4,646,802,514
1,011,219,449
0
357,245,581
0
29,943,951,729
Indirect
75,901,344
1,745,751,364
839,346,650
3,863,140,242
3,210,465,247
1,951,687,417
11,026,227,578
227,052,019
22,939,571,860
Induced
311,223,920
374,209,062
194,426,885
2,086,353,155
2,511,456,596
3,900,661,780
15,716,412,530
323,596,010
25,418,339,937
Total
387,125,264
24,632,943,278
2,449,474,869
10,596,295,911
6,733,141,291
5,852,349,197
27,099,885,688
550,648,029
78,301,863,526
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
23,558,605,354
1,503,089,239
5,516,697,261
1,182,976,993
0
374,125,990
0
32,135,494,836
Indirect
88,644,235
1,892,274,010
852,636,017
4,515,546,705
3,673,058,545
2,296,188,993
12,361,415,937
260,042,703
25,939,807,145
Induced
349,106,453
419,641,297
217,807,764
2,339,687,144
2,815,437,347
4,370,718,174
17,610,713,801
362,722,474
28,485,834,455
Total
437,750,688
25,870,520,661
2,573,533,020
12,371,931,110
7,671,472,885
6,666,907,168
30,346,255,728
622,765,178
86,561,136,437
IHS
D-31
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.4 US Value Added Contribution by Industry: Other Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
23,965,971,791
1,550,630,379
5,700,766,578
1,222,821,387
0
386,727,081
0
32,826,917,216
Indirect
91,293,351
1,935,897,267
866,012,017
4,650,832,482
3,774,847,312
2,364,591,686
12,674,712,432
267,302,687
26,625,489,235
Induced
358,194,332
430,554,324
223,450,960
2,400,535,282
2,888,567,141
4,484,052,225
18,067,395,377
372,140,219
29,224,889,860
Total
449,487,683
26,332,423,383
2,640,093,356
12,752,134,341
7,886,235,840
6,848,643,911
31,128,834,890
639,442,907
88,677,296,312
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
23,510,263,420
1,532,295,610
5,609,982,815
1,202,893,732
0
380,424,870
0
32,235,860,447
Indirect
89,817,911
1,901,592,460
849,389,537
4,574,724,642
3,710,912,258
2,325,690,320
12,455,468,878
262,779,181
26,170,375,187
Induced
352,074,117
423,195,689
219,628,079
2,359,508,376
2,839,182,689
4,407,354,738
17,758,368,427
365,777,191
28,725,089,307
Total
441,892,028
25,835,051,570
2,601,313,226
12,544,215,834
7,752,988,678
6,733,045,058
30,594,262,176
628,556,372
87,131,324,941
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
27,595,365,782
1,719,329,744
6,363,000,776
1,367,038,087
0
432,336,871
0
37,477,071,260
Indirect
102,539,749
2,203,925,100
999,696,889
5,222,529,158
4,259,930,211
2,656,637,478
14,364,856,081
301,550,960
30,111,665,624
Induced
405,361,518
487,273,776
252,933,218
2,716,765,485
3,269,285,615
5,075,479,228
20,450,340,457
421,197,333
33,078,636,630
Total
507,901,266
30,286,564,657
2,971,959,852
14,302,295,419
8,896,253,914
7,732,116,706
35,247,533,409
722,748,293
100,667,373,515
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
D-32
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.5 US Labor Income Contribution by Industry: Other Unconventional Gas*
($)
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
6,935,569,911
899,018,752
1,930,947,063
368,331,900
0
180,983,614
0
10,314,851,241
Indirect
26,657,954
526,077,426
667,802,312
1,594,941,536
1,061,807,586
730,659,428
4,535,204,214
142,472,789
9,285,623,245
Induced
94,706,258
99,109,217
111,695,308
868,419,360
916,501,047
1,635,186,806
6,119,808,593
216,269,385
10,061,695,974
Total
121,364,212
7,560,756,555
1,678,516,371
4,394,307,959
2,346,640,533
2,365,846,233
10,835,996,421
358,742,174
29,662,170,460
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
8,803,897,677
1,338,938,701
3,258,800,709
624,209,739
0
276,511,687
0
14,302,358,513
Indirect
41,585,217
709,639,304
797,847,983
2,499,484,742
1,591,147,932
1,141,120,817
6,632,585,522
214,521,148
13,627,932,667
Induced
135,323,250
141,569,230
159,263,912
1,239,902,098
1,307,757,927
2,331,894,011
8,729,432,356
308,604,395
14,353,747,180
Total
176,908,467
9,655,106,211
2,296,050,596
6,998,187,549
3,523,115,599
3,473,014,828
15,638,529,566
523,125,543
42,284,038,360
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,417,563,660
1,421,588,232
3,887,042,139
730,564,205
0
291,974,726
0
15,748,732,962
Indirect
48,512,336
770,224,602
810,350,193
2,925,524,826
1,828,930,809
1,342,021,434
7,560,756,889
246,909,515
15,533,230,604
Induced
151,777,555
158,757,570
178,440,979
1,390,125,055
1,465,755,468
2,612,854,223
9,782,427,413
345,893,793
16,086,032,056
Total
200,289,891
10,346,545,832
2,410,379,404
8,202,692,019
4,025,250,481
3,954,875,657
17,635,159,028
592,803,308
47,367,995,621
IHS
D-33
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.5 US Labor Income Contribution by Industry: Other Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,596,254,073
1,466,551,576
4,016,953,382
755,170,673
0
301,808,847
0
16,136,738,552
Indirect
49,958,531
788,030,340
823,049,601
3,013,806,744
1,880,298,853
1,381,966,676
7,764,237,826
253,901,925
15,955,250,496
Induced
155,726,961
162,886,214
183,066,534
1,426,246,914
1,503,800,597
2,680,601,729
10,036,183,977
354,872,311
16,503,385,237
Total
205,685,493
10,547,170,627
2,472,667,711
8,457,007,040
4,139,270,123
4,062,568,405
18,102,230,651
608,774,236
48,595,374,285
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
9,416,500,002
1,449,210,957
3,952,538,185
742,864,059
0
296,890,476
0
15,858,003,680
Indirect
49,154,668
774,080,775
807,249,136
2,964,568,431
1,848,603,592
1,359,229,740
7,632,355,472
249,624,671
15,684,866,485
Induced
153,065,864
160,102,325
179,934,996
1,401,865,583
1,478,085,795
2,634,750,506
9,864,538,196
348,804,121
16,221,147,387
Total
202,220,532
10,350,683,102
2,436,395,089
8,318,972,199
4,069,553,446
3,993,980,245
17,793,784,145
598,428,792
47,764,017,551
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And Wholesale Trade
Service
Government
Total
Direct
0
11,016,025,604
1,626,103,675
4,484,631,086
844,233,760
0
337,403,547
0
18,308,397,672
Indirect
56,108,974
897,016,627
950,131,821
3,382,930,609
2,120,312,133
1,552,711,053
8,773,407,213
286,205,704
18,018,824,135
Induced
176,236,705
184,344,050
207,215,395
1,614,198,565
1,702,063,605
3,034,171,468
11,359,705,152
401,658,088
18,679,593,028
Total
232,345,680
12,097,386,282
2,783,450,891
9,481,760,260
4,666,609,497
4,586,882,522
20,470,515,912
687,863,793
55,006,814,835
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
D-34
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Total Unconventional Gas
Table B.6 US Economic Contribution Summary: Total Unconventional Gas*
Employment
(Number of workers)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Direct
237,968
333,780
403,473
400,959
435,046
539,398
Indirect
326,999
479,487
583,817
598,495
644,444
806,810
Induced
443,690
650,182
797,484
812,501
871,325
1,092,669
1,008,657
1,463,449
1,794,775
1,811,954
1,950,815
2,438,877
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Direct
52,004
77,007
93,261
97,518
103,505
130,52
Indirect
38,301
56,441
69,779
70,793
76,021
95,346
Induced
43,101
63,069
77,363
78,706
84,456
105,862
133,405
196,516
240,403
247,017
263,982
331,728
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Direct
24,755
36,028
43,717
44,834
47,974
60,162
Indirect
22,633
33,309
41,307
41,695
44,865
56,212
Induced
24,339
35,615
43,687
44,445
47,692
59,780
Total
71,727
104,951
128,711
130,974
140,531
176,154
Total
Value Added
($M)
Total
Labor Income
($M)
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
Table B.7 Contribution to US Government Revenue and Private Lease Payments: Total Unconventional Gas*
($M)
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2010-2035
16,509
24,231
29,712
30,329
32,499
40,776
727,067
Personal Taxes
12,779
18,699
22,966
23,321
25,043
31,382
560,548
Corporate Taxes
3,731
5,533
6,746
7,008
7,455
9,394
166,519
16,422
23,948
28,829
31,068
33,952
42,226
735,607
Federal Taxes
State and Local Taxes
Personal Taxes
2,191
3,206
3,933
4,001
4,293
5,381
96,093
Corporate Taxes
10,540
15,586
18,978
19,707
20,971
26,411
468,584
Severance Taxes
2,578
3,555
4,078
5,038
5,927
7,136
117,277
Ad Valorem Taxes
1,112
1,601
1,841
2,323
2,761
3,298
53,653
Federal Royalty Payments
Total Government Revenue
Lease Payments to Private Landowners
861
1,155
1,245
1,522
1,799
2,122
36,057
33,792
49,335
59,786
62,918
68,250
85,123
1,498,731
306
525
741
825
1,049
1,325
19,777
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-35
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.8 US Employment Contribution by Industry: Total Unconventional Gas*
(Number of workers)
D-36
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
94,223
64,220
62,867
11,207
0
5,451
0
237,968
Indirect
2,559
9,059
23,941
52,525
31,267
29,046
174,090
4,512
326,999
Induced
10,186
1,165
4,343
23,915
24,688
88,829
284,595
5,970
443,690
Total
13,034
101,227
90,736
137,053
66,822
120,206
469,015
10,563
1,008,657
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
148,625
68,919
91,318
17,326
0
7,591
0
333,780
Indirect
3,699
13,414
35,659
75,432
46,240
42,008
256,334
6,701
479,487
Induced
14,927
1,707
6,364
35,045
36,177
130,169
417,046
8,749
650,182
Total
19,052
159,244
108,539
198,008
99,130
175,612
688,297
15,567
1,463,449
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
190,114
67,909
114,706
22,039
0
8,705
0
403,473
Indirect
4,593
16,341
42,447
93,507
57,940
52,175
318,431
8,383
593,817
Induced
18,318
2,094
7,805
42,994
44,377
159,636
511,527
10,732
797,484
Total
23,395
203,448
115,670
246,687
123,612
215,701
847,016
19,246
1,794,775
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.8 US Employment Contribution by Industry: Total Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
(Number of workers)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
196,314
64,768
110,315
21,191
0
8,370
0
400,959
Indirect
4,535
16,837
45,752
92,287
57,722
51,944
321,025
8,393
598,495
Induced
18,650
2,132
7,953
43,790
45,207
162,674
521,163
10,932
812,501
Total
23,682
210,060
115,918
241,721
123,350
218,615
859,149
19,460
1,811,954
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
209,150
72,574
120,950
23,205
0
9,166
0
435,046
Indirect
4,929
17,973
47,983
100,211
62,420
56,222
345,649
9,056
644,444
Induced
20,005
2,287
8,528
46,966
48,483
174,438
558,893
11,724
871,325
Total
25,423
224,280
126,566
263,531
133,350
234,591
922,160
20,914
1,950,815
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
265,089
82,946
150,494
29,297
0
11,572
0
539,398
Indirect
6,135
22,633
60,846
124,680
78,142
70,064
432,953
11,357
806,810
Induced
25,085
2,868
10,695
58,894
60,798
218,757
700,870
14,702
1,092,669
Total
31,781
284,647
151,615
328,854
167,376
293,330
1,155,063
26,211
2,438,877
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-37
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.9 US Value Added Contribution: Total Unconventional Gas*
($)
D-38
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
38,990,821,746
3,744,446,981
7,261,356,459
1,438,871,864
0
568,308,023
0
52,003,805,073
Indirect
127,150,503
2,996,071,128
1,511,158,988
6,362,682,461
5,228,579,332
3,175,044,400
18,531,923,644
368,115,842
38,300,726,298
Induced
527,272,610
634,146,322
329,797,458
3,535,551,577
4,257,303,191
6,615,137,812
26,652,953,214
548,602,250
43,100,764,434
Total
654,423,113
42,621,039,196
5,585,403,427
17,159,590,497
10,924,754,387
9,790,182,212
45,753,184,881
916,718,091
133,405,295,805
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
59,470,411,909
4,018,461,358
10,513,494,519
2,220,225,211
0
784,365,505
0
77,006,958,502
Indirect
183,130,931
4,426,886,284
2,250,758,829
9,203,773,792
7,763,526,485
4,647,192,273
27,418,406,380
547,172,139
56,440,847,113
Induced
771,556,551
927,941,672
482,584,599
5,173,547,532
6,229,657,535
9,679,774,945
39,000,729,435
802,761,935
63,068,554,203
Total
954,687,482
64,825,239,865
6,751,804,786
24,890,815,842
16,213,409,231
14,326,967,218
67,203,501,320
1,349,934,074
196,516,359,818
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
72,432,526,708
3,959,547,776
13,159,089,496
2,818,731,108
0
891,446,371
0
93,261,341,459
Indirect
227,137,324
5,372,023,635
2,679,192,351
11,457,734,252
9,677,192,749
5,841,719,616
33,841,672,100
682,611,238
69,779,283,266
Induced
946,816,861
1,138,583,031
591,858,198
6,347,975,078
7,642,649,607
11,872,782,050
47,837,067,348
984,792,399
77,362,524,572
Total
1,173,954,185
78,943,133,374
7,230,598,325
30,964,798,827
20,138,573,464
17,714,501,667
82,570,185,819
1,667,403,637
240,403,149,297
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.9 US Value Added Contribution: Total Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
77,516,670,263
3,776,455,561
12,657,278,520
2,710,271,477
0
857,145,096
0
97,517,820,918
Indirect
224,387,631
5,567,252,082
2,887,849,629
11,327,321,399
9,735,494,438
5,784,567,079
34,580,740,614
685,807,914
70,793,420,785
Induced
962,703,133
1,157,886,991
602,275,840
6,455,543,536
7,773,816,671
12,080,071,510
48,671,698,284
1,001,763,959
78,705,759,923
Total
1,187,090,763
84,241,809,337
7,266,581,031
30,440,143,455
20,219,582,585
17,864,638,588
84,109,583,994
1,687,571,873
247,017,001,625
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
81,493,122,682
4,231,574,269
13,874,267,025
2,967,873,930
0
938,614,138
0
103,505,452,045
Indirect
243,857,218
5,929,782,003
3,028,688,687
12,290,792,903
10,486,166,804
6,271,344,361
37,031,040,581
739,005,474
76,020,678,030
Induced
1,033,269,337
1,242,676,371
646,219,014
6,928,292,919
8,342,411,299
12,962,163,383
52,225,962,132
1,075,005,947
84,456,000,403
Total
1,277,126,556
88,665,581,056
7,906,481,971
33,093,352,847
21,796,452,032
19,233,507,744
90,195,616,851
1,814,011,421
263,982,130,478
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
103,488,880,543
4,836,342,782
17,263,093,619
3,746,955,549
0
1,185,005,035
0
130,520,277,529
Indirect
303,283,129
7,469,699,469
3,840,561,623
15,309,207,272
13,157,495,447
7,824,369,987
46,514,006,556
927,467,930
95,346,091,414
Induced
1,295,044,785
1,557,544,359
810,033,260
8,683,764,061
10,456,517,757
16,247,687,988
65,463,599,336
1,347,444,390
105,861,635,935
Total
1,598,327,914
112,516,124,371
9,486,937,665
41,256,064,952
27,360,968,753
24,072,057,975
113,162,610,927
2,274,912,320
331,728,004,878
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-39
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.10 US Labor Income Contribution: Total Unconventional Gas*
($)
D-40
2010
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
14,905,390,828
3,541,414,304
4,983,920,674
887,792,227
0
436,225,714
0
24,754,743,747
Indirect
70,592,935
1,217,548,501
1,436,602,317
4,106,089,651
2,587,096,068
1,857,966,198
11,010,450,407
346,729,923
22,633,076,001
Induced
229,287,878
239,906,766
270,117,288
2,101,615,154
2,217,258,606
3,954,731,220
14,802,784,290
523,220,839
24,338,922,041
Total
299,880,813
16,362,846,094
5,248,133,910
11,191,625,479
5,692,146,902
5,812,697,419
26,249,460,411
869,950,762
71,726,741,790
2015
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
22,931,629,616
3,800,570,997
7,317,783,155
1,370,509,846
0
607,106,822
0
36,027,600,436
Indirect
100,880,113
1,799,223,332
2,139,720,020
5,936,599,157
3,835,728,138
2,718,390,883
16,263,038,600
514,956,806
33,308,537,048
Induced
335,515,888
351,053,834
395,256,680
3,075,269,727
3,244,478,933
5,786,863,711
21,660,636,367
765,621,087
35,614,696,226
Total
436,396,001
25,081,906,782
6,335,547,696
16,329,652,039
8,450,716,917
8,505,254,594
38,530,781,788
1,280,577,892
104,950,833,711
2020
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
28,286,082,582
3,744,851,852
9,249,868,629
1,740,747,316
0
695,700,951
0
43,717,251,330
Indirect
124,595,663
2,184,793,284
2,546,875,269
7,393,715,001
4,789,223,006
3,415,831,432
20,208,013,203
643,786,294
41,306,833,152
Induced
411,707,742
430,743,265
484,786,272
3,772,972,260
3,980,029,034
7,097,850,748
26,569,269,606
939,200,042
43,686,558,968
Total
536,303,405
30,901,619,132
6,776,513,394
20,416,555,889
10,509,999,356
10,513,682,180
47,472,983,760
1,582,986,336
128,710,643,451
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table B.10 US Labor Income Contribution: Total Unconventional Gas* (Continued)
($)
2025
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
30,021,188,680
3,571,687,313
8,898,795,254
1,673,766,564
0
668,931,623
0
44,834,369,435
Indirect
123,100,696
2,263,241,325
2,745,436,901
7,297,769,809
4,804,978,208
3,382,988,747
20,432,109,872
644,933,956
41,694,559,516
Induced
418,645,380
438,045,212
493,277,038
3,837,472,274
4,048,832,355
7,221,857,445
27,031,406,201
955,427,580
44,444,963,485
Total
541,746,076
32,722,475,217
6,810,401,252
20,034,037,337
10,527,577,128
10,604,846,193
48,132,447,697
1,600,361,536
130,973,892,436
2030
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
31,658,120,250
4,002,128,411
9,748,602,036
1,832,852,591
0
732,511,517
0
47,974,214,805
Indirect
133,821,493
2,411,077,470
2,879,246,754
7,923,072,571
5,181,182,916
3,667,478,556
21,973,061,031
695,747,082
44,864,687,874
Induced
449,319,669
470,122,682
529,285,097
4,118,259,696
4,344,765,788
7,749,165,447
29,005,977,469
1,025,264,338
47,692,160,186
Total
583,141,163
34,539,320,402
7,410,660,262
21,789,934,303
11,358,801,295
11,416,644,002
51,711,550,017
1,721,011,420
140,531,062,865
2035
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and Utilities
Retail And WholesaleTrade
Services
Government
Total
Direct
0
40,184,983,926
4,574,104,979
12,164,036,621
2,313,985,491
0
924,799,454
0
60,161,910,471
Indirect
166,161,555
3,036,749,571
3,651,106,261
9,867,740,597
6,496,171,815
4,575,521,115
27,546,379,045
872,626,544
56,212,456,503
Induced
563,159,258
589,241,648
663,448,631
5,161,845,050
5,445,900,634
9,713,366,077
36,357,794,816
1,285,105,074
59,779,861,187
Total
729,320,812
43,810,975,145
8,888,659,871
27,193,622,267
14,256,057,941
14,288,887,192
64,828,973,315
2,157,731,618
176,154,228,161
Source: IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-41
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Appendix C: IHS Global Insight Economic Contribution
Assessment: Other Unconventional Gas
Data Requirements and Assumptions
IHS Global Insight, with support from IHS CERA, compiled the data required to undertake an economic contribution analysis of unconventional gas in the United States. Upstream unconventional gas was segmented to distinguish the economic activity for shale gas versus other unconventional gas in the United States. Other unconventional
gas is comprised of coal bed methane and gas from tight sands formations. Both production and capital expenditure requirements were summed to undertake the economic contribution analysis.
Similar to the shale gas sector, the following sector activities were determined to be the major, direct contributors
for other unconventional gas:
•
Oil and natural gas extraction
•
Oil and natural gas drilling
•
Support activities for oil and natural gas
•
Construction of facilities, related materials and machinery for hydraulic fracturing and completions, and construction of natural gas pipeline
For the IMPLAN model, forecasts of other unconventional gas production were transformed into the value of output using the corresponding Henry Hub price and conversion factor. Drilling capital expenditure and support services for gas operations directly correspond to sectors within the model. The breakdown of completion, facilities,
gathering and processing, and pipeline construction were mapped to the detailed categories of the IMPLAN model.
The final set of transformed capital expenditures for the IMPLAN model sectors are presented in Table C.2.
For the US Macro model, production forecasts were transformed into quadrillion Btus by using corresponding conversion ratios. Drilling, completion, facilities, gathering and processing, and pipeline construction were summed to
represent total investment in nonresidential structures for the mining and petroleum sector. This sector is a standalone investment category in the US Macro Model. All dollar estimates were transformed to 2005-based estimates
and input into the US Macro Model (see Table C.3).
To provide some context, the three tables described above are repeated for total unconventional gas. Table C.4
presents production, price and value for total unconventional gas. Table C.5 presents capital expenditures input to
the IMPLAN model for total unconventional gas. Table C.6 presents inputs to the US Macro Model for total unconventional gas.
This integrated approach methodology was used to undertake the economic contribution analysis for other unconventional gas. IMPLAN and the US Macro Model were used to arrive at the economic contributions and the process
followed the same steps described in Appendix C of the shale gas report.
D-42
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Other Unconventional Gas
Table C.1 US Production, Price and Value: Other Unconventional Gas*
2010
2015
2020
Employment
Production (Mcf)
2025
2030
2035
5,512,297,522
5,528,478,777
5,458,495,669
5,572,393,935
5,704,099,381
5,925,977,626
Tight Sands
3,919,979,770
4,189,135,644
4,345,136,944
4,567,079,807
4,744,306,084
4,968,805,590
Coal Bed Methane
1,592,317,752
1,339,343,133
1,113,358,725
1,005,314,129
959,793,297
957,172,036
4.38
5.18
5.42
6.21
6.89
7.90
24,766,904,691
29,353,983,019
30,335,287,344
35,519,374,808
40,342,909,571
48,038,587,174
Henry Hub Price
(Nominal US$)
Value of Production ($)
Source: IHS CERA and EIA
NOTE: *Other Unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-43
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table C.2 US Capital Expenditure Input to the IMPLAN Model: Other Unconventional Gas*
IMPLAN Sector
Description
2010 Capital
Expenditure ($)
DRILLING CAPEX
28
Drilling oil and gas wells
493,195,766
29
Support activities for oil and gas operations
1,542,998,181
36
Construction of other new nonresidential structures
1,479,587,297
160
Cement manufacturing
171
Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel
1,479,587,297
220
Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manufacturing
1,479,587,297
357
Insurance carriers
253,643,537
369
Architectural, engineering, and related services
126,821,768
63,410,884
COMPLETIONS CAPEX
26
Sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals mining and quarrying
1,271,740,510
28
Drilling oil and gas wells
1,144,918,742
29
Support activities for oil and gas operations
1,232,989,414
33
Water, sewage and other systems
635,870,255
36
Construction of other new nonresidential structures
462,371,030
121
Industrial gas manufacturing
635,870,255
125
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
635,870,255
201
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
206
Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
226
Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing
638,512,375
227
Air and gas compressor manufacturing
539,432,869
335
Truck transportation
255,404,950
36
Construction of other new nonresidential structures
268,615,543
188
Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing
189
Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing
431,546,283
201
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
308,247,345
206
Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
145,316,605
222
Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing
28,622,968
226
Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing
63,851,236
227
Air and gas compressor manufacturing
247
Other electronic component manufacturing
184,948,407
251
Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing
123,298,938
256
Other measuring and controlling device manufacturing
61,649,469
369
Architectural, engineering, and related services
88,070,670
201
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
176,072,752
206
Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
227
Air and gas compressor manufacturing
99,079,506
1,255,007,082
FACILITIES CAPEX
28,622,968
28,622,968
GATHERING CAPEX
384,751,568
1,069,478,936
PIPELINE INFRASTRUCTURE
36
Construction of other new nonresidential structures
201
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
210,433,758
90,185,896
PRODUCTION
20
Extraction of Oil and Gas
24,766,904,691
Source: IHS CERA and IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
D-44
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table C.3 Inputs to the US Macro Model: Other Unconventional Gas*
2010
2015
2020
Employment
Production (Quadrillion Btu)
Mining & Petroleum Nonresidential
Structures Investment ($M)
2025
2030
2035
5.65562
5.67222
5.60042
5.71728
5.85241
6.08005
19,244
36,097
47,092
56,429
64,344
73,104
Source: IHS CERA and IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
Total Unconventional Gas
Table C.4 US Production, Price and Value: Total Unconventional Gas*
2010
2015
2020
Employment
Production (Mcf)
2025
2030
2035
11,283,859,513
15,427,348,660
18,457,307,340
20,598,479,016
22,368,861,678
24,825,154,416
Shale Gas
5,771,561,991
9,898,869,883
12,998,811,671
15,026,085,081
16,664,762,297
18,899,176,790
Tight Sands
3,919,979,770
4,189,135,644
4,345,136,944
4,567,079,807
4,744,306,084
4,968,805,590
Coal Bed Methane
1,592,317,752
1,339,343,133
1,113,358,725
1,005,314,129
959,793,297
957,172,036
4.38
5.18
5.42
6.21
6.89
7.90
Henry Hub Price
(Nominal US $)
Value of Production ($)
50,698,691,786
81,912,972,600 102,575,463,223 131,298,164,693 158,206,388,705 201,243,646,150
Source: IHS CERA and EIA
NOTE: *Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-45
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table C.5 US Capital Expenditure Input to the IMPLAN Model: Total Unconventional Gas*
IMPLAN Sector
Description
2010 Capital
Expenditure ($)
DRILLING CAPEX
28
Drilling oil and gas wells
1,188,752,201
29
Support activities for oil and gas operations
3,719,096,173
36
Construction of other new nonresidential structures
3,566,256,604
160
Cement manufacturing
171
Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel
3,566,256,604
220
Cutting tool and machine tool accessory manufacturing
3,566,256,604
357
Insurance carriers
611,358,275
369
Architectural, engineering, and related services
305,679,137
152,839,569
COMPLETIONS CAPEX
26
Sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals mining and quarrying
3,065,282,462
28
Drilling oil and gas wells
2,759,603,325
29
Support activities for oil and gas operations
2,971,880,503
33
Water, sewage and other systems
1,532,641,231
36
Construction of other new nonresidential structures
1,114,455,189
121
Industrial gas manufacturing
1,532,641,231
125
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
1,532,641,231
201
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
206
Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
3,024,949,798
226
Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing
1,539,009,546
227
Air and gas compressor manufacturing
1,300,197,720
335
Truck transportation
615,603,819
36
Construction of other new nonresidential structures
647,445,377
188
Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing
189
Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing
201
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
742,970,105
206
Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
350,257,335
222
Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing
68,990,081
226
Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing
227
Air and gas compressor manufacturing
247
Other electronic component manufacturing
445,782,063
251
Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing
297,188,042
256
Other measuring and controlling device manufacturing
148,594,021
369
Architectural, engineering, and related services
212,277,173
201
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
435,995,056
206
Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
227
Air and gas compressor manufacturing
238,811,826
FACILITIES CAPEX
68,990,081
1,040,158,147
153,900,950
68,990,081
GATHERING CAPEX
952,729,938
2,648,266,269
PIPELINE INFRASTRUCTURE
36
Construction of other new nonresidential structures
4,208,675,164
201
Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
1,803,717,928
PRODUCTION
20
Extraction of Oil and Gas
50,698,691,786
Source: IHS CERA and IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Total unconventional gas includes gas from shale, tight sands, and coal bed methane.
D-46
JUNE 2012
THE ECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN STATE ECONOMIES
Table C.6 Inputs to the US Macro Model: Total Unconventional Gas*
2010
2015
2020
Employment
Production (Quadrillion Btu)
Mining and Petroleum Nonresidential
Structures Investment ($M)
2025
2030
2035
11.5772
15.8285
18.9372
21.1340
22.9505
25.4706
52,505
84,804
114,683
126,590
161,172
199,695
Source: IHS CERA and IHS Global Insight
NOTE: *Other unconventional gas includes gas from tight sands and coal bed methane.
IHS
D-47